Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| a double-blind randomized trial comparing implants with laser-microtextured and machined collar surfaces: microbiologic and clinical results. | the purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcome of and determine the differences in periodonto-pathogenic microbiota around two types of implant collar surfaces: laser-microtextured (test) vs machined (control). | 2017 | 27632268 |
| comparison of nonsurgical periodontal therapy with oral hygiene instruction alone for chronic periodontitis. | we evaluated changes in clinical variables and microbiological profiles of periodontopathogens among 56 patients with moderate to severe cp who were randomly assigned to oral hygiene instruction (ohi; n = 28) or nonsurgical periodontal treatment (nspt; n = 28). periodontal variables were assessed and subgingival plaque samples were obtained from deep pockets (≥5 mm) at baseline and 3 months after treatment. real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify actinobacillus actinomycetemcomi ... | 2017 | 28367891 |
| association between specific periodontal pathogens, toll-like receptor-4, and nuclear factor-κb expression in placental tissues of pre-eclamptic women with periodontitis. | the aim of the present study was to determine the association between the presence of specific periodontal pathogens, toll-like receptor-4 (tlr-4), and nuclear factor-κb (nf-κb) expression in the placental tissues of pre-eclamptic women. | 2017 | 28349674 |
| effect of opposing implant prostheses on periodontal pathogens in dentures: a pilot study. | an understanding of the presence of periodontal pathogens in denture plaque is important for the treatment of patients with edentulism. however, current data are limited and inconclusive. | 2017 | 28126355 |
| rt-pcr quantification of periodontal pathogens in crack users and non-users. | to compare counts of aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, prevotella intermedia, porphyromonas gingivalis and fusobacterium nucleatum between crack users and non-users. | 2017 | 27982490 |
| thermoreversible gel for intrapocket delivery of green tea catechin as a local drug delivery system: an original research. | the periodontal therapies along with systemic antibiotic therapy aim at eliminating the subgingival microbiota to arrest the progression of periodontal diseases. the complete elimination is often difficult, and thus the probability of repopulation after periodontal therapy is also high. the objectives of the study are to develop in situ thermoreversible gelling system of green tea catechins suitable for periodontal pocket administration, which would act as an adjunct to mechanical periodontal th ... | 2017 | 27833893 |
| comparison of two different sampling methods for subgingival plaque: subgingival paper points or mouthrinse sample? | the collection of subgingival plaque samples with paper points is time-consuming and accident-sensitive. however, the collection of saliva is simple and contains pathogens of all intraoral surfaces. the aim of this study is to investigate whether a sampling strategy with mouthrinse (mouthrinse sample [msp]; test) leads to results comparable with standard sampling method (multiple site test from the deepest pocket of each quadrant [mt4]; control). | 2017 | 27786617 |
| significant increase of oral bacteria in the early pregnancy period in japanese women. | oral microflora during pregnancy is critical to oral health care in the mother and her child. we examined the changes in the oral microbiota between pregnancy and nonpregnancy periods. | 2017 | 26345599 |
| assessing the progression of chronic periodontitis using subgingival pathogen levels: a 24-month prospective multicenter cohort study. | the diagnosis of the progression of periodontitis presently depends on the use of clinical symptoms (such as attachment loss) and radiographic imaging. the aim of the multicenter study described here was to evaluate the diagnostic use of the bacterial content of subgingival plaque recovered from the deepest pockets in assessing disease progression in chronic periodontitis patients. | 2017 | 28093069 |
| analysis of the expression of nlrp3 and aim2 in periapical lesions with apical periodontitis and microbial analysis outside the apical segment of teeth. | to detect the distribution and expression levels of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (nlrp3) and the absent in melanoma 2 (aim2) inflammasomes in periapical lesions and to analyse the possible microbial stimuli outside of teeth. | 2017 | 28193569 |
| periodontal bacteria in the genital tract: are they related to adverse pregnancy outcome? | one of the most important factors implicated in preterm birth (ptb) is acute genitourinary tract infection. the bacteria causing chronic periodontal inflammation include gram-negative rods and anaerobes similar to those found in women with bacterial vaginosis. the aim of this prospective study is to investigate the relationship between oral and vaginal microflora and preterm low birth weight. real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect both the presence and level of six periodontitis- ... | 2017 | 24355228 |
| determination of antibacterial activity of green coffee bean extract on periodontogenic bacteria like porphyromonas gingivalis, prevotella intermedia, fusobacterium nucleatum and aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: an in vitro study. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of pure green coffee bean extract on periodonto pathogenic bacteria porphyromonas gingivalis (pg), prevotella intermedia (pi), fusobacterium nucleatum (fn) and aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (aa). | 2017 | 26097349 |
| prevalence of eight putative periodontal pathogens in atherosclerotic plaque of coronary artery disease patients and comparing them with noncardiac subjects: a case-control study. | the study was aimed to assess the prevalence of periodontal pathogens namely tannerella forsythia (t.f), campylobacter rectus (c.r), eikenella corrodens (e.c), porphyromonas gingivalis (p.g), treponema denticola (t.d), prevotella nigrescens (p.n) ,aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (a.a), p.g (fi ma gene) and prevotella intermedia (p.i), in the subgingival and the atheromatous plaque of patients with coronary artery disease (cad), and comparing them with the noncardiac subjects thereby indica ... | 2017 | 26096116 |
| evaluation of a hydrophobic gel adhering to the gingiva in comparison with a standard water-soluble 1% chlorhexidine gel after scaling and root planing in patients with moderate chronic periodontitis. a randomized clinical trial. | to evaluate the clinical, microbiological and enzymatic activity of a hydrophobic chlorhexidine-based gingiva-adhering gel containing herbal ingredients, compared with a commercially available 1% chlorhexidine water-soluble gel, during non-surgical therapy of moderate chronic periodontitis. | 2017 | 26053503 |
| bone remodeling around implants with external hexagon and morse-taper connections: a randomized, controlled, split-mouth, clinical trial. | to evaluate clinical, radiographic, microbiologic, and biomechanical parameters related to bone remodeling around implants with external hexagon (eh) and morse-taper (mt) connections. | 2017 | 27353076 |
| microbial colonization at the implant-abutment interface and its possible influence on periimplantitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the microbial colonization at the implant-abutment interfaces (iai) on bone-level implants and to identify possible association with peri-implant conditions. | 2017 | 28359872 |
| effect of gallium-arsenic laser on photosensitized periodontopathic anaerobic organisms: an in vitro study. | the mainstay of periodontal therapy is mechanical removal of subgingival plaque. there is considerable interest in supplementing it with the use of antibiotics and antiseptics. many drawbacks are associated with these adjunctive pharmacological regimens such as development of resistance to antibiotics and disruption of microflora of the gastrointestinal tract. hence, alternate means of killing subgingival bacteria are clearly desirable. one such method is the use of laser. | 2017 | 28298816 |
| quantitative detection of periodontopathic bacteria in lower respiratory tract specimens by real-time pcr. | the presence of common periodontopathic bacteria, the fusobacterium nucleatum-periodonticum-simiae group, prevotella intermedia, and porphyromonas gingivalis was determined from respiratory tract specimens of bacterial pneumonia by real-time pcr using universal and species-specific taqman probe/primer sets. 42 patients with infectious pneumonia and 45 patients without infectious pneumonia were retrospectively enrolled in clinical studies. periodontopathic bacterial dna was found in 57.1% cases o ... | 2017 | 27894820 |
| influence of glycemic control on the levels of subgingival periodontal pathogens in patients with generalized chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes. | this study evaluated the influence of glycemic control on the levels and frequency of subgingival periodontal pathogens in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (dm) and generalized chronic periodontitis (chp). | 2017 | 28198980 |
| periodontitis induced by porphyromonas gingivalis drives periodontal microbiota dysbiosis and insulin resistance via an impaired adaptive immune response. | to identify a causal mechanism responsible for the enhancement of insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia following periodontitis in mice fed a fat-enriched diet. | 2017 | 26838600 |
| effect of photodynamic therapy in combination with various irrigation protocols on an endodontic multispecies biofilm ex vivo. | to analyse the antibacterial effect of photodynamic therapy (pdt) in combination with various irrigation protocols on a multispecies biofilm in root canals ex vivo. | 2017 | 28276583 |
| performance of two blood culture systems to detect anaerobic bacteria. is there any difference? | we studied the performance characteristics of two blood culture (bc) bottles/systems, (i) bact/alert-fn plus/3d (biomérieux, marcy l'étoile, france) and (ii) bactec-lytic/9000 (becton dickinson, sparks, usa) for detection of growth and time-to-positivity (ttp) against a balanced and diverse collection of anaerobic bacterial strains (n = 48) that included reference strains (n = 19) and clinical isolates (n = 29) of 32 species (15 gram-negative and 17 gram-positive). standard suspension of bacteri ... | 2017 | 28279857 |
| benefits of bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis probiotic in experimental periodontitis. | this study evaluates effects of topical administration of probiotic bacteria of the genus bifidobacterium on experimental periodontitis (ep) in rats. | 2017 | 27660886 |
| 16s rdna analysis of periodontal plaque in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and periodontitis patients. | this study investigated if chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is correlated with periodontitis via periodontal microbiota and if certain bacteria affect periodontitis as well as copd. moreover, the study investigated whether suffering from copd is associated with a decrease in the richness and diversity of periodontal microbiota. subgingival plaque was obtained from 105 patients. bacterial dna was isolated from 55 copd and 50 non-copd participants (either with or without periodontitis) ... | 2017 | 28748030 |
| simultaneous detection of oral pathogens in subgingival plaque and prostatic fluid of men with periodontal and prostatic diseases. | chronic prostatitis (cpr) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (bph) are complex inflammatory conditions for which etiologic determinants are still poorly defined. periodontitis is caused by subgingival colonizing bacteria in the oral cavity. the causal effect of periodontal disease on prostatic inflammation has not been established. the purpose of this study is to isolate oral pathogens from expressed prostatic secretions of patients with periodontal disease and cpr or bph. | 2017 | 28548883 |
| microbial profile comparisons of saliva, pooled and site-specific subgingival samples in periodontitis patients. | the purpose of this study was to compare microbial profiles of saliva, pooled and site-specific subgingival samples in patients with periodontitis. we tested the hypotheses that saliva can be an alternative to pooled subgingival samples, when screening for presence of periopathogens. | 2017 | 28800622 |
| dysbiosis in chronic periodontitis: key microbial players and interactions with the human host. | periodontitis is an extremely prevalent disease worldwide and is driven by complex dysbiotic microbiota. here we analyzed the transcriptional activity of the periodontal pocket microbiota from all domains of life as well as the human host in health and chronic periodontitis. bacteria showed strong enrichment of 18 kegg functional modules in chronic periodontitis, including bacterial chemotaxis, flagellar assembly, type iii secretion system, type iii crispr-cas system, and two component system pr ... | 2017 | 28623321 |
| effect of preparation method and storage period on the stability of saliva dna. | saliva is an attractive source for oral microbial detection and quantification since sampling is non-invasive and rapid. | 2017 | 28460249 |
| pathogenesis and treatment of bovine foot rot. | bovine foot rot (bfr) is an infectious disease of the interdigital skin and subcutaneous tissues of beef and dairy cattle that occurs under a variety of management and environmental settings. the anaerobic, gram-negative bacteria fusobacterium necrophorum, porphyromonas levii, and prevotella intermedia are commonly isolated from lesions. a multitude of host, agent, and environmental factors contribute to the development of bfr. initiation of systemic antimicrobial therapy early in the course of ... | 2017 | 28579042 |
| subgingival microbiome of gingivitis in chinese undergraduates. | to analyse the microbiome composition of health and gingivitis in chinese undergraduates with high-throughput sequencing. | 2017 | 28808698 |
| aggravation of collagen-induced arthritis by orally administered porphyromonas gingivalis through modulation of the gut microbiota and gut immune system. | porhyromonas gingivalis, a causative bacterium of periodontitis, is implicated in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis (ra), mainly because of expressing peptidyl arginine deiminase (pad) that generates ra-related autoantigens. however, compared with other periodontopathic bacteria, the precise role of p. gingivalis in ra is largely unknown. we found that orally administered p. gingivalis changed the gut microbiome with concomitant elevation of serum endotoxin and inflammatory markers, and impai ... | 2017 | 28761156 |
| oral anaerobic bacteria in the etiology of ankylosing spondylitis. | ankylosing spondylitis (as) is associated with periodontitis. anti-porphyromonas gingivalis and anti-prevotella intermedia antibody titers were higher in patients with spondyloarthritis than in healthy people. sulfasalazine is an effective antibiotic treatment for as. moxifloxacin and rifamycin were also found to be significantly effective. the etiology hypothesis suggests that oral anaerobic bacteria such as porphyromonas spp and prevotella spp contribute to the disease. these bacteria have bee ... | 2017 | 28638241 |
| degradation of incretins and modulation of blood glucose levels by periodontopathic bacterial dipeptidyl peptidase 4. | severe periodontitis is known to aggravate diabetes mellitus, though molecular events related to that link have not been fully elucidated. porphyromonas gingivalis, a major pathogen of periodontitis, expresses dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (dpp4), which is involved in regulation of blood glucose levels by cleaving incretins in humans. we examined the enzymatic characteristics of dpp4 from p. gingivalis as well as two other periodontopathic bacteria, tannerella forsythia and prevotella intermedia, and d ... | 2017 | 28630069 |
| microbiome and microbial biofilm profiles of peri-implantitis: a systematic review. | this systematic review assesses the microbiological profiles of peri-implantitis, periodontitis and healthy implants based on studies that evaluated microbial biofilms and entire microbiomes to establish their similarities and differences. | 2017 | 28625077 |
| chair-side detection of prevotella intermedia in mature dental plaque by its fluorescence. | prevotella intermedia/nigrescens is one of the well-known pathogens causing periodontal diseases, and the red florescence excited by the visible blue light caused by the protoporphyrin ix in the bacterial cells could be useful for the chair-side detection. the aim of this study was to evaluated levels of periodontal pathogen, especially p. intermedia in clinical samples of red fluorescent dental plaque. | 2017 | 28457849 |
| effect of nitric oxide-releasing derivative of indomethacin on prevotella intermedia lipopolysaccharide-induced production of proinflammatory mediators in murine macrophages. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of ncx 2121, a nitric oxide (no)-releasing derivative of indomethacin, upon the generation of proinflammatory mediators using murine macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide (lps) isolated from prevotella intermedia, which is one of the pathogens implicated in periodontal diseases. inducible no synthase (inos)-derived no, il-1β and il-6 as well as their relevant mrna were significantly attenuated by ncx 2121 in raw264.7 cells activat ... | 2017 | 28822764 |
| dipeptidyl peptidase iv and quorum sensing signaling in biofilm-related virulence of prevotella aurantiaca. | biofilm formation and dipeptidyl peptidase iv (dppiv) enzyme activity contribute to the virulence of oral bacteria, and these virulence factors are partly regulated by quorum sensing signaling system. we recently demonstrated that estradiol regulates growth properties and dppiv activity of prevotella intermedia, prevotella nigrescens, and prevotella pallens. here, we examined the dppiv dependency of biofilm formation of prevotella aurantiaca. three strains (two clinical strains ahn 37505 and 375 ... | 2017 | 28821458 |
| agomelatine, a mt1/mt2 melatonergic receptor agonist with serotonin 5-ht2c receptor antagonistic properties, suppresses prevotella intermedia lipopolysaccharide-induced production of proinflammatory mediators in murine macrophages. | this study was performed in an attempt to examine the influence of agomelatine in mitigating the generation of proinflammatory mediators in raw264.7 murine macrophages exposed to lipopolysaccharide (lps) obtained from prevotella intermedia, a gram-negative anaerobic bacterium that is related with various types of periodontal diseases, and the molecular mechanisms behind its effects. | 2017 | 28578027 |
| biomarkers and bacteria around implants and natural teeth in the same individuals. | this cross-sectional study assesses cytokine levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid (picf)/gingival crevicular fluid (gcf) and a selection of subgingival/submucosal plaque bacteria from clinically healthy or diseased sites in the same individuals. | 2017 | 28440740 |
| black-pigmented anaerobic bacteria associated with ovine periodontitis. | periodontitis is a polymicrobial infectious disease that causes occlusion change, tooth loss, difficulty in rumination, and premature culling of animals. this study aimed to detect species of the genera porphyromonas and prevotella present in the periodontal pocket of sheep with lesions deeper than 5mm (n=14) and in the gingival sulcus of animals considered periodontally healthy (n=20). the presence of microorganisms was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using specific primers for por ... | 2017 | 28619155 |
| quantification by qpcr of pathobionts in chronic periodontitis: development of predictive models of disease severity at site-specific level. | currently, there is little evidence available on the development of predictive models for the diagnosis or prognosis of chronic periodontitis based on the qpcr quantification of subgingival pathobionts. our objectives were to: (1) analyze and internally validate pathobiont-based models that could be used to distinguish different periodontal conditions at site-specific level within the same patient with chronic periodontitis; (2) develop nomograms derived from predictive models. subgingival plaqu ... | 2017 | 28848499 |
| microbiological response to periodontal therapy and multivariable prediction of clinical outcome. | this study assessed the microbiological effects of a 2-phase antimicrobial periodontal therapy and tested microbiological, clinical, and biological markers as prognostic indicators for clinical success. | 2017 | 28844191 |
| specific periodontopathic bacterial infection affects hypertension in male cardiovascular disease patients. | hypertension (ht) is a systemic disorder that results in the decline of quality of life and death. while patients with periodontitis are at a high risk of ht, little causal information has been provided to date. to clarify the relationship, periodontopathic bacterial infection in cardiovascular patients with or without ht was evaluated. the subjects were patients with (n = 412) or without (n = 199) ht who attended tokyo medical and dental university hospital. blood examinations and periodontal m ... | 2017 | 28803419 |
| do quaternary ammonium monomers induce drug resistance in cariogenic, endodontic and periodontal bacterial species? | antibacterial monomers were developed to combat oral biofilm acids and caries; however, little is known on whether quaternary ammonium monomers (qams) would induce drug resistance in oral bacteria. the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of new antimicrobial monomers dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (dmahdm) and dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (dmaddm) on the induction of drug resistance in eight species of cariogenic, endodontic and periodontal bacteria for the first tim ... | 2017 | 28755761 |
| prevalence of periodontal pathogens in a group of participants from the middle east and north africa geographic region with minimal periodontal disease. | to assess the prevalence of the three putative periodontal pathogens such as aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (a. a), porphyromonas gingivalis (p. g), and prevotella intermedia (p. i) in a group of arab participants from the middle east and north africa (mena) region who had minimal periodontal disease and no history of periodontal treatment and further to analyze the association among these three microorganisms. | 2017 | 28713765 |
| the association of periodontopathic bacteria levels in saliva and tongue coating with oral malodor in periodontitis patients. | to elucidate the association oral malodor with the levels of periodontopathic bacteria in saliva and tongue coating of periodontitis patients with oral malodor. | 2017 | 28674708 |
| effects of photodynamic therapy in periodontal treatment: a randomized, controlled clinical trial. | to evaluate the effects of photodynamic therapy (pdt) in the nonsurgical treatment of chronic periodontitis. | 2017 | 28667678 |
| the microbial changes in subgingival plaques of orthodontic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. | orthodontic treatment was found to have an impact on the quantity and constitution of subgingival microbiota. however, contradictory findings regarding the effects of fixed appliances on microbial changes were reported. the aim of this systematic review was to investigate the microbial changes in subgingival plaques of orthodontic patients. | 2017 | 28576147 |
| herpes simplex 1 and periopathogen role in peri-implantitis. | the objectives of this study were to compare the qualitative and quantitative profiles of herpes simplex virus type i (hsv-1) in implant surfaces between participants with peri-implantitis (pi) and healthy peri-implant tissues and to quantitatively assess the relation between hsv-1 and periopathogens inside the microbiological profile associated with pi. | 2017 | 28512280 |
| antimicrobial effects of mastic extract against oral and periodontal pathogens. | various antimicrobial agents are widely used in the therapy of oral inflammatory diseases. however, their side effects and the appearance of drug resistance justify research on natural antimicrobial agents to target oral pathogens that are safe for the host. in the present study, antimicrobial properties of mastic extract on commensal and pathogenic oral bacteria, as well as its possible cytotoxic effect toward cells of epithelial and mesenchymal origin, were evaluated and compared with the comm ... | 2017 | 28067105 |
| genome sequence of prevotella intermedia suny ab g8-9k-3, a biofilm forming strain with drug-resistance. | prevotella intermedia has long been known to be as the principal etiologic agent of periodontal diseases and associated with various systemic diseases. previous studies showed that the intra-species difference exists in capacity of biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, and serological reaction among p. intermedia strains. here we report the genome sequence of p. intermedia suny ab g8-9k-3 (designated atcc49046) that displays a relatively high antimicrobial resistant and biofilm-forming capac ... | 2017 | 27339856 |
| antimicrobial activity of the chloroform fraction of drynaria fortunei against oral pathogens. | drynaria fortunei (d. fortunei), widely used in traditional korean medicine, is reportedly effective in treating inflammation, hyperlipidemia, bone fractures, oxidative damage, arteriosclerosis, rheumatism, and gynecological diseases. the objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effects of the chloroform fraction of d. fortunei (dfcf) and assess the synergistic effects of dfcf with antibiotics against bacterial pathogens. this was carried out by calculating the minimal inhibitor ... | 2017 | 28367899 |
| microbiological and ammp-8 findings depending on peri-implant disease in patients undergoing supportive implant therapy. | the aim of this study was to evaluate microbiological findings and ammp-8 level of peri-implant mucositis (m) and peri-implantitis (p) in patients undergoing supportive implant therapy (sit). eighty-nine patients with 171 implants were included. the case definitions were as follows: m: ppd ≥4mm, bop; p: ppd≥4mm, bop, radiographic bone loss ≥3.5mm. samples of peri-implant sulcular fluid (pisf) were taken from all peri-implant pockets at each implant to detect periodontal pathogens using pcr and a ... | 2017 | 28274501 |
| prevotella intermedia infection causing acute and complicated aortitis-a case report. | aortitis is a general term that refers to all conditions involving an inflammation of the aortic wall. this case report describes the surgical approach of a patient with infectious and symptomatic aortitis caused by the rare vector prevotella intermedia. | 2017 | 28249232 |
| antimicrobial activity of aqueous extracts from four plants on bacterial isolates from periodontitis patients. | four aqueous extracts of different plant organs are the following: artemisia herba-alba, opuntia ficus-indica, camellia sinensis and phlomis crinita were evaluated against two bacterial strains: porphyromonas gingivalis and prevotella intermedia, which are implicated in periodontal diseases. by using a disc method, these plant extracts demonstrated powerful bacterial activity against these gram-negative strains. the minimum inhibitory concentration values of the four plant extracts varied betwee ... | 2017 | 28386896 |
| [the relationship of molecular genetic markers with clinical signs and risk factors of periodontitis]. | the study revealed positive correlation between bleeding on probing and teeth loss risk with periodontal hypercolonization by porphyromonas gingivalis, prevotella intermedia and treponema denticola. pathological tooth mobility was associated with hypercolonization by p. intermedia and tannerella forsythensis. expression of il8, tnf-α, mmp8 and mmp9 genes was also assessed in patient groups divided according to the depth of periodontal pockets and-the severity of chronic periodontitis revealing i ... | 2017 | 27876716 |
| azithromycin buccal patch in treatment of chronic periodontitis. | this study aims to explore the clinical, microbiological, and biochemical impact of azithromycin (azm) buccal patch in chronic generalized patients as a monotherapy as well as an adjunct to nonsurgical therapy. | 2017 | 27127325 |
| heme acquisition mechanisms of porphyromonas gingivalis - strategies used in a polymicrobial community in a heme-limited host environment. | porphyromonas gingivalis, a main etiologic agent and key pathogen responsible for initiation and progression of chronic periodontitis requires heme as a source of iron and protoporphyrin ix for its survival and the ability to establish an infection. porphyromonas gingivalis is able to accumulate a defensive cell-surface heme-containing pigment in the form of μ-oxo bisheme. the main sources of heme for p. gingivalis in vivo are hemoproteins present in saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, and erythr ... | 2017 | 26662717 |