Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| murine viruses in an island population of introduced house mice and endemic short-tailed mice in western australia. | house mice (mus domesticus) were recently introduced to thevenard island, off the northwest coast of western australia. this island is also habitat for an endangered native rodent, the short-tailed mouse (leggadina lakedownensis). concerns have been raised that house mice may pose a threat to l. lakedownensis both through competition and as a source of infection. to assess the threat to l. lakedownensis posed by viral pathogens from m. domesticus, a serological survey was conducted from 1994 to ... | 1999 | 10231757 |
| the interferon-inducible 204 gene, a member of the ifi 200 family, is not involved in the antiviral state induction by ifn-alpha, but is required by the mouse cytomegalovirus for its replication. | to examine whether ifi 200 genes are involved in antiviral state induction by ifns we expressed mutant forms capable of inactivating the endogenous p204 and analyzed replication of both rna and dna viruses following ifn-alpha treatment. inactivation of p204 does not impair replication of vesicular stomatitis virus, encephalomyocarditis virus, ectromelia virus, and herpes simplex virus 1 and does not alter an ifn-alpha induced antiviral state. by contrast, in cells lacking functional p204, mouse ... | 1999 | 10489335 |
| a selection system for functional internal ribosome entry site (ires) elements: analysis of the requirement for a conserved gnra tetraloop in the encephalomyocarditis virus ires. | picornavirus internal ribosome entry site (ires) elements direct cap-independent internal initiation of protein synthesis within mammalian cells. these rna elements (about 450 nt) contain extensive secondary structure including a hairpin loop with a conserved gnra motif. such loops are important in rna-rna and rna-protein interactions. plasmids that express dicistronic mrnas of the structure gus/ires/hook have been constructed. the hook sequence encodes a cell-surface-targeted protein (sfv); the ... | 1999 | 10496218 |
| the structures of picornaviral proteinases. | picornaviruses are a family of positive-strand rna viruses the members of which include poliovirus, hepatitis a virus, rhinovirus, foot-and-mouth disease virus and encephalomyocarditis virus. the genetic information contained in the single-stranded, positive sense rna genome is expressed as a single protein of around 2000 amino acids. this primary product of protein synthesis, designated the polyprotein, is subsequently cleaved into the mature viral proteins by proteinases present within it. the ... | 1999 | 10507325 |
| down regulation of gene expression by the vaccinia virus d10 protein. | vaccinia virus genes are expressed in a sequential fashion, suggesting a role for negative as well as positive regulatory mechanisms. a potential down regulator of gene expression was mapped by transfection assays to vaccinia virus open reading frame d10, which encodes a protein with no previously known function. inhibition was independent of the promoter type used for the reporter gene, indicating that the mechanism did not involve promoter sequence recognition. the inhibition was overcome, how ... | 1999 | 9847390 |
| characterization of the effects of hepatitis c virus nonstructural 5a protein expression in human cell lines and on interferon-sensitive virus replication. | the hepatitis c virus (hcv) nonstructural 5a (ns5a) protein has been implicated in the inherent resistance of hcv to interferon (ifn) antiviral therapy in clinical studies. biochemical studies have demonstrated that ns5a interacts in vitro with and inhibits the ifn-induced, rna-dependent protein kinase, pkr, and that ns5a interacts with at least one other cellular kinase. the present study describes the establishment and characterization of various stable ns5a-expressing human cell lines, and th ... | 1999 | 10094974 |
| virus reduction in the preparation of intravenous immune globulin: in vitro experiments. | while immune globulins for intravenous administration (igiv) have an excellent record with respect to virus safety, concern regarding these preparations has been raised by reports of transmission of hepatitis c virus (hcv) to patients treated with igiv and the presence of genetic material for hcv in igiv preparations. | 1999 | 10204586 |
| highly sensitive detection of swine vesicular disease virus based on a single tube rt-pcr system and dig-elisa detection. | a highly sensitive detection of swine vesicular disease virus (svdv) based on a single tube rt-pcr system and digoxigenin (dig)-pcr-elisa detection was developed. using a one tube rt-pcr system, optimisation of the pcr conditions and optimisation of the microwell hybridisation and colourimetric detection of the amplicons resulted in a method that could detect viral rna in infected tissue culture fluid with a titre as low as 0.1 tcid50/100 microl. the same sensitivity was obtained with svdv-spike ... | 1999 | 10029329 |
| use of an internal ribosome entry site for bicistronic expression of cre recombinase or rtta transactivator. | conditional gene targeting depends on tissue and time specificity of recombination events. endogenous promoters are often used to drive various transgenic constructs. to avoid the problems associated with reconstituting a specific expression pattern in transgenic animals by this method, we tested the internal ribosome entry site of the encephalomyocarditis virus, to enable linkage of the cre recombinase or rtta trans-activator to 3' untranslated ends of endogenous genes. here we report that thes ... | 1999 | 10037820 |
| affinity purification of recombinant interferon-alpha on a mimetic ligand adsorbent. | a method for improved refolding and purification of recombinant human interferon-alpha (rh-ifn-alpha) from inclusion bodies is described. the optimal conditions of refolding were obtained by the addition of 0.5 m l-arginine to the refolding buffer. the rh-ifn-alpha was purified to near homogeneity utilizing a single-step chromatography on a mimetic dye-ligand matrix. improved refolding, coupled to a single-column affinity purification strategy, resulted in a 10-fold increase in the yield of rh-i ... | 1999 | 10049681 |
| pires-cd4t, a dicistronic expression vector for macs- or facs-based selection of transfected cells. | to facilitate the selection of cell lines expressing transfected genes of interest, a plasmid vector has been constructed that directs the co-expression of heterologous cdnas and a 3'-positioned cassette encoding a truncated cd4 marker. an encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosomal entry site (ires) mediates translational initiation from this 3' cassette, and a cytomegalovirus promoter drives dicistronic transcript expression. to test the utility of this vector, a luciferase reporter gene was ... | 1999 | 10343906 |
| the ns5a protein of hepatitis c virus partially inhibits the antiviral activity of interferon. | the non-structural protein 5a (ns5a) of some hepatitis c virus (hcv) isolates has been implicated in the inhibition of the antiviral activity of interferon (ifn). in the present study, the possible inhibitory effects of ns5a from two isolates of hcv subtype 1b, hcv-1bjk and m094ajk, and their chimeric form on the antiviral activity of ifn were examined. hcv-1bjk and m094ajk are categorized as ifn resistant and ifn sensitive, respectively, based on the sequences of the ifn-sensitivity determining ... | 1999 | 10211956 |
| overexpressed human tnf receptor-75 can independently mediate htnfalpha-induced cytotoxicity in bhk-21 cells. | a recombinant bicistronic expression vector was constructed containing human tnf receptor-75 gene and encephalomyocarditis virus(emcv)internal ribosome entry site(ires), followed by a neomycin phosphotransferase gene as selectable marker. bhk-21 cells were transfected with this vector using electroporation method and positive clones overexpressing the genes of interest were obtained after selection with g-418. the expression of two htnfrs in those cells at rna transcriptional and the protein tra ... | 1999 | 12110927 |
| myocarditis and abortion associated with intrauterine infection of sows with porcine circovirus 2. | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) is a recently identified agent that has been associated with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in swine populations. in this report, the potential spectrum of disease associated with pcv2 is expanded by evidence of vertical transmission and associated reproductive failure. pcv2 was isolated from a litter of aborted piglets from a farm experiencing late-term abortions and stillbirths. severe, diffuse myocarditis was present in 1 piglet associated with e ... | 1999 | 12968736 |
| [expression of lipofect amine mediated human gm-csf eukaryotic expressing vector in hfcl cells]. | to construct an eukaryotic expressing vector-pires1neo/hgm-csf and express it in human bone marrow stromal cell line hfcl. | 2000 | 11877035 |
| long-term transgene expression in mice infected with a herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant severely impaired for immediate-early gene expression. | the role of viral immediate-early (ie) gene expression in herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) latency was investigated. the hsv-1 multiple mutant in1312, defective for the expression of the virion transactivator vp16 and the ie proteins icp0 and icp4, was used as the parent for these studies. the coding sequences of the escherichia coli lacz gene, preceded by the encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosome entry site, were inserted into the region of in1312 that encodes the latency-associated t ... | 2000 | 10623758 |
| the murine double-stranded rna-dependent protein kinase pkr is required for resistance to vesicular stomatitis virus. | interferon (ifn)-induced antiviral responses are mediated through a variety of proteins, including the double-stranded rna-dependent protein kinase pkr. here we show that fibroblasts derived from pkr(-/-) mice are more permissive for vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) infection than are wild-type fibroblasts and demonstrate a deficiency in alpha/beta-ifn-mediated protection. we further show that mice lacking pkr are extremely susceptible to intranasal vsv infection, succumbing within days after in ... | 2000 | 11000229 |
| high-level synthesis of human prolactin in chinese-hamster ovary cells. | two eukaryotic human prolactin (hprl) expression vectors, based on a selectable dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) marker, were used to transfect dhfr(-) chinese- hamster ovary (cho) cells. one vector, p658-hprl, contains the hepatitis-b virus-x cdna coding for a viral transactivator and sequences mediating dhfr mrna degradation. the other, peddc-hprl, carries the encephalomyocarditis virus leader sequence coupled to hprl cdna to provide high-level protein expression, possibly via a mechanism of int ... | 2000 | 11001873 |
| tricistronic and tetracistronic retroviral vectors for gene transfer. | we have combined the picornavirus foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) 2a sequence and the internal ribosome entry sites (ireses) from encephalomyocarditis virus (ecmv) and avian reticuloendotheliosis virus type a (rev-a) to construct tricistronic and tetracistronic vectors. all the polycistronic constructs show high titers and expression of the genes inserted. clones have been obtained in which cells simultaneously express the three or four genes carried by the polycistronic vectors. | 2000 | 10986564 |
| comparison of bicistronic retroviral vectors containing internal ribosome entry sites (ires) using expression of human interleukin-12 (il-12) as a readout. | many gene therapy applications require the co-ordinated delivery of more than one reading frame. we wished to systematically compare ires in the context of a retroviral vector to determine which was the most effective for protein production and viral titre. to do this we monitored expression of il-12, as co-ordinated expression of both p35 and p40 subunits is required for production of the active heterodimer. | 2000 | 10953915 |
| inherent instability of poliovirus genomes containing two internal ribosome entry site (ires) elements supports a role for the ires in encapsidation. | previous studies have described poliovirus genomes in which the internal ribosome entry (ires) for encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) is positioned between the p1 and p2-p3 open reading frames of the poliovirus genome. although these dicistronic poliovirus genomes were replication competent, most exhibited evidence of genetic instability, and the emcv ires was deleted upon serial passage. one possible reason for instability of the genome is that the dicistronic genome was at least 108% larger tha ... | 2000 | 10954532 |
| the efficiency of different iress (internal ribosomes entry site) in monocistronic mrnas. | the ires from poliovirus and from encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) added between the cap and the aug initiator codon were strong inhibitors of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene expression in three different cell types. the poliovirus ires also inhibited bgh (bovine growth hormone) cdna expression in the hc11 mammary cell line when added between the rabbit whey acidic gene promoter and the cdna whereas the htlv-1 ires showed a stimulatory effect in the same situation. rna stem loops were ad ... | 2000 | 10939522 |
| the rna encompassing the internal ribosome entry site in the poliovirus 5' nontranslated region enhances the encapsidation of genomic rna. | poliovirus replicons were constructed which contain the internal ribosome entry site (ires) of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) substituted for the poliovirus ires. to monitor gene expression and encapsidation, the gene encoding firefly luciferase was substituted for the p1 gene. replicons can be encapsidated following serial passage in the presence of a recombinant vaccinia virus, vv-p1, which expresses the poliovirus p1 protein following infection. encapsidation of the wild-type replicon (pv- ... | 2000 | 10915610 |
| cap-poly(a) synergy in mammalian cell-free extracts. investigation of the requirements for poly(a)-mediated stimulation of translation initiation. | the 5' cap and 3' poly(a) tail of eukaryotic mrnas cooperate to stimulate synergistically translation initiation in vivo, a phenomenon observed to date in vitro only in translation systems containing endogenous competitor mrnas. here we describe nuclease-treated rabbit reticulocyte lysates and hela cell cytoplasmic extracts that reproduce cap-poly(a) synergy in the absence of such competitor rnas. extracts were rendered poly(a)-dependent by ultracentrifugation to partially deplete them of riboso ... | 2000 | 10922367 |
| characterization of rnabp, an rna binding protein that associates with rnase l. | the 2',5'-oligoadenylate (2-5a)/rnase l pathway is one of several enzymatic pathways induced by interferons (ifn). rnase l is a latent endoribonuclease that is activated on its binding by 2-5a and inhibited by the ribonuclease l inhibitor (rli). we have shown previously by coimmunoprecipitation that rnase l may be associated with a 90-kda rna binding protein (rnabp), identified with a monoclonal antibody (mab) raised against an rnase l complex purified under native conditions on 2-5a-sepharose. ... | 2000 | 10926206 |
| expression and biological activity of two recombinant polypeptides related to subunit 1 of the interferon-alpha receptor. | abnormal production of interferon alpha (ifn-alpha) has been found in certain autoimmune diseases and can be also observed after prolonged therapy with ifn-alpha. ifn-alpha can contribute to the pathogenesis of allograft rejection in bone marrow transplants. therefore, the development of ifn-alpha inhibitors as a soluble receptor protein may be valuable for the therapeutic control of these diseases. we have expressed two polypeptides encoding amino acids 93-260 (p1) and 261-410 (p2) of the extra ... | 2000 | 10881052 |
| evaluation and validation of virus removal by ultrafiltration during the production of diaspirin crosslinked haemoglobin (dclhb). | virus retention during ultrafiltration through a/g technology filter cartridges was investigated to characterize the removal process and validate the degree of virus titre reduction during the filtration of red blood cell haemolysates performed as part of the production of diaspirin crosslinked haemoglobin (dclhb). when viruses were suspended in phosphate buffered saline solution, retention was greater with larger sized viruses and smaller filter pore size. virus titre was maintained at starting ... | 2000 | 10885615 |
| expression of hepatitis c virus proteins interferes with the antiviral action of interferon independently of pkr-mediated control of protein synthesis. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) of genotype 1 is the most resistant to interferon (ifn) therapy. here, we have analyzed the response to ifn of the human cell line uhcv-11 engineered to inducibly express the entire hcv genotype 1a polyprotein. ifn-treated, induced uhcv cells were found to better support the growth of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) than ifn-treated, uninduced cells. this showed that expression of the hcv proteins allowed the development of a partial resistance to the antiviral action o ... | 2000 | 10823866 |
| immunohistochemical detection of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) antigen in the heart of experimentally infected piglets. | seven 40-day-old piglets were inoculated with encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) strain 424/90, isolated from an outbreak of the myocardial form of the disease in greece. two non-infected animals were used as controls. of the seven inoculated piglets, five died suddenly on day 1.5, 2 (two piglets), 2.5 or 4 post-inoculation (p.i. ). the remaining two and the control piglets were killed on day 8 p. i. emcv antigen was detected immunohistochemically in endothelial cells of capillaries from 1.5 to 2 ... | 2000 | 10805976 |
| pasteurized, monoclonal antibody factor viii concentrate: establishing a new standard for purity and viral safety of plasma-derived concentrates. | a factor viii concentrate (monoclate-p) manufactured using a combination of pasteurization and immunoaffinity chromatography has been chosen to compare and contrast manufacturing aspects of plasma-derived factor viii concentrates. pasteurization is a virucidal method with a long safety record in clinical practice, while immuno-affinity chromatography selectively isolates and purifies the procoagulant protein of factor viii, and partitions potential viral contaminants and nonessential proteins to ... | 2000 | 10759015 |
| chloroquine enhances viral replication and murine disease. | 2000 | 10761717 | |
| expression from the herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-associated promoter in the murine central nervous system. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) establishes latency in neurones of both the central (cns) and peripheral nervous system and can be used to drive long-term expression of the lacz reporter gene by insertion of an encephalomyocarditis virus ires-linked gene 1.5 kb downstream of the latency-associated transcript (lat) start site. however, the kinetics of lat promoter (lap) activity, and its ability to function in all neuronal types within the cns has not been studied in detail. in order to addre ... | 2000 | 10675402 |
| a simple purification and fluorescent assay method of the poliovirus 3c protease searching for specific inhibitors. | picornaviruses such as poliovirus, foot-and-mouth disease virus, and encephalomyocarditis virus produce their proteins by translating their genomic rna, injected within the host cell, into a precursor polyprotein, which is then subjected to precise processing. the polyprotein is cleaved into mature proteins predominantly by the viral 3c protease. a simple purification and assay method for poliovirus 3c protease for use for screening for inhibitors of the 3c protease is described. a poliovirus cd ... | 2000 | 10680961 |
| mengovirus and encephalomyocarditis virus poly(c) tract lengths can affect virus growth in murine cell culture. | many virulent aphthoviruses and cardioviruses have long homopolymeric poly(c) tracts in the 5' untranslated regions of their rna genomes. a panel of genetically engineered mengo-type cardioviruses has been described which contain a variety of different poly(c) tract lengths. studies of these viruses have shown the poly(c) tract to be dispensable for growth in hela cells, although the relative murine virulence of the viruses correlates directly and positively with tract length. compared with wild ... | 2000 | 10708422 |
| broad-spectrum antiviral activity of the imp dehydrogenase inhibitor vx-497: a comparison with ribavirin and demonstration of antiviral additivity with alpha interferon. | the enzyme imp dehydrogenase (impdh) catalyzes an essential step in the de novo biosynthesis of guanine nucleotides, namely, the conversion of imp to xmp. the major event occurring in cells exposed to competitive impdh inhibitors such as ribavirin or uncompetitive inhibitors such as mycophenolic acid (mpa) is a depletion of the intracellular gtp and dgtp pools. ribavirin is approved as an inhaled antiviral agent for treatment of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and orally, in combinat ... | 2000 | 10722482 |
| expression of cytokines in bacterial and viral infections and their biochemical aspects. | cytokines are very important in the host defense system, and play a critical role in protection against bacterial and viral infections. cytokines are also involved in the pathogenesis and development of symptoms in infections. in this article, helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) infection as bacterial infection, and influenza virus infection, encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) infection, and herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection as viral infection are mentioned. in h. pylori infection, various chemoki ... | 2000 | 10739941 |
| cell growth regulatory and antiviral effects of the p69 isozyme of 2-5 (a) synthetase. | among the many interferon-induced proteins that carry out multiple cellular functions of interferons is the family of enzymes called 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetases. we examined the anticellular and antiviral activities of a specific member of that family, the p69 isozyme. p69 was expressed in human cells by transfection and shown to be localized primarily in the endoplasmic reticulum. for further studies, permanent cell lines expressing different levels of p69 or an enzymatically inactive muta ... | 2000 | 10639318 |
| picornavirus ireses and the poly(a) tail jointly promote cap-independent translation in a mammalian cell-free system. | in eukaryotic cells, efficient translation of most cellular mrnas requires the synergistic interplay between the m7gpppn cap structure and the poly(a) tail during initiation. we have developed and characterized a cell-free system from human hela cells that recapitulates this important feature, displaying more than one order of magnitude of translational synergism between the cap structure and the poly(a) tail. the stimulation of cap-dependent translation by the poly(a) tail is length-dependent, ... | 2000 | 11142378 |
| spectrum of virus inhibition by consensus interferon ym643. | the spectrum of viruses inhibited by a genetically engineered consensus interferon (ifn) ym643 (interferon alfacon-1) was evaluated using a cytopathic effect inhibition assay or plaque inhibition assay for five dna viruses and 12 rna viruses. this activity was compared to that of natural ifn-alpha derived from namalwa lymphoblastoid cell line [ifn-alpha (namalwa)]. the viruses inhibited by both ifns were herpesvirus types 1 and 2, human cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, vesicular stomatit ... | 2000 | 11142632 |
| suppression of interferon-induced antiviral activity in cells expressing hepatitis c virus proteins. | to elucidate the mechanism of the persistent nature of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection, we examined whether the expression of hcv proteins affect the antiviral activity of interferon (ifn). antiviral activity of ifn in hepg2 cells expressing all hcv (type 1b) proteins was much lower than vector control (vc) hepg2 cells when encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) was used as a challenge virus. lesser sensitivity to ifn was also observed in cells expressing ns3, ns4, and ns5 and in cells expressing o ... | 2000 | 11152578 |
| induction of the human protein p56 by interferon, double-stranded rna, or virus infection. | p56 is the most abundant protein induced by interferon (ifn) treatment of human cells. to facilitate studies on its induction pattern and cellular functions, we expressed recombinant p56 as a hexahistidine-tagged protein in escherichia coli and purified it to apparent homogeneity using affinity chromatography. a polyclonal antibody raised against this recombinant protein was used to show that p56 is primarily a cytoplasmic protein. cellular expression of p56 by transfection did not inhibit the r ... | 2000 | 10662616 |
| a 9-nt segment of a cellular mrna can function as an internal ribosome entry site (ires) and when present in linked multiple copies greatly enhances ires activity. | this study addresses the properties of a newly identified internal ribosome entry site (ires) contained within the mrna of the homeodomain protein gtx. sequential deletions of the 5' untranslated region (utr) from either end did not define distinct ires boundaries; when five nonoverlapping utr fragments were tested, four had ires activity. these observations are consistent with other cellular ires analyses suggesting that some cellular ireses are composed of segments (ires modules) that independ ... | 2000 | 10677496 |
| the tyrosine kinase p56lck is essential in coxsackievirus b3-mediated heart disease. | infections are thought to be important in the pathogenesis of many heart diseases. coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3) has been linked to chronic dilated cardiomyopathy, a common cause of progressive heart disease, heart failure and sudden death. we show here that the sarcoma (src) family kinase lck (p56lck) is required for efficient cvb3 replication in t-cell lines and for viral replication and persistence in vivo. whereas infection of wild-type mice with human pathogenic cvb3 caused acute and very severe ... | 2000 | 10742150 |
| characterization and transduction of a retroviral vector encoding human interleukin-4 and herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase for glioma tumor vaccine therapy. | vaccination with cytokine-transduced tumor cells represents a potentially important approach to the treatment of central nervous system tumors. we have recently demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of tumor cell vaccines expressing the murine interleukin 4 (il-4) and the herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase in a rat brain tumor model in which nonirradiated vaccine cells can be eliminated by the subsequent administration of ganciclovir. in this report, we demonstrate the construction and charac ... | 2000 | 10766355 |
| analysis of the c-myc ires; a potential role for cell-type specific trans-acting factors and the nuclear compartment. | the 5' utr of c -myc mrna contains an internal ribo-some entry segment (ires) and consequently, c -myc mrnas can be translated by the alternative mechanism of internal ribosome entry. however, there is also some evidence suggesting that c -myc mrna translation can occur via the conventional cap-dependent scanning mechanism. using both bicistronic and monocistronic mrnas containing the c- myc 5' utr, we demonstrate that both mechanisms can contribute to c- myc protein synthesis. a wide range of c ... | 2000 | 10637319 |
| substitutions in the aspartate transcarbamoylase domain of hamster cad disrupt oligomeric structure. | aspartate transcarbamoylase (atcase; ec 2.1.3.2) is one of three enzymatic domains of cad, a protein whose native structure is usually a hexamer of identical subunits. alanine substitutions for the atcase residues asp-90 and arg-269 were generated in a bicistronic vector that encodes a 6-histidine-tagged hamster cad. stably transfected mammalian cells expressing high levels of cad were easily isolated and cad purification was simplified over previous procedures. the substitutions reduce the atca ... | 2000 | 10618377 |
| evidence for mimicry by viral antigens in animal models of autoimmune disease including myocarditis. | molecular mimicry of viral antigens with self determinants has been proposed as one of the pathogenic mechanisms in autoimmune disease. evidence of viral mimicry in animal models of autoimmunity is accumulating. murine adenovirus, semliki forest virus, lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus, herpes simplex virus type-1, hepatitis b virus, encephalomyocarditis virus, theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus, coxsackievirus and cytomegalovirus have been found to mimic physiologically important host ... | 2000 | 11130455 |
| activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-jun nh(2)-terminal kinase by double-stranded rna and encephalomyocarditis virus: involvement of rnase l, protein kinase r, and alternative pathways. | double-stranded rna (dsrna) accumulates in virus-infected mammalian cells and signals the activation of host defense pathways of the interferon system. we describe here a novel form of dsrna-triggered signaling that leads to the stimulation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 mapk) and the c-jun nh(2)-terminal kinase (jnk) and of their respective activators mkk3/6 and sek1/mkk4. the dsrna-dependent signaling to p38 mapk was largely intact in cells lacking both rnase l and the dsrna- ... | 2000 | 10611240 |
| new ultradeformable drug carriers for potential transdermal application of interleukin-2 and interferon-alpha: theoretic and practical aspects. | transfersomes (tfs) are highly deformable hydrophilic lipid vesicles that are able to penetrate the skin barrier spontaneously because of their characteristics. transfersomes are able to transport noninvasively low- and high-molecular-weight molecules into the body. we describe the formulation and several biologic characteristics of interleukin-2 (il-2)- and interferon-alpha (ifnalpha )-containing tfs. tfs contain natural phosphatidylcholine and sodium cholate. recombinant human il-2 and human h ... | 2000 | 11071458 |
| polypyrimidine tract-binding protein inhibits translation of bip mrna. | translation initiation of human bip mrna is directed by an internal ribosomal entry site (ires) located in the 5' non-translated region. no trans-acting factor possibly involved in this process has as of yet been identified. for the encephalomyocarditis virus and other picornaviruses, polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (ptb) has been found to enhance the translation through ires elements, probably by interaction with the ires structure. here, we report that ptb specifically binds to the centra ... | 2000 | 11080450 |
| immunoglobulin treatment ameliorates murine myocarditis associated with reduction of neurohumoral activity and improvement of extracellular matrix change. | we examined effects of immunoglobulin on murine myocarditis induced by encephalomyocarditis virus, not pathogenic to humans, and analyzed the plasma cytokine and catecholamine levels and the changes of the extracellular matrix with or without the treatment. | 2000 | 11092674 |
| therapy with the nonpeptide endothelin receptor antagonist 97-139 in a murine model of congestive heart failure: reduction of cardiac mass and myofiber hypertrophy. | endothelin-1 (et-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor. this peptide exerts numerous effects on the heart, including regulation of cardiomyocyte growth during hypertrophy. the effects of the structurally novel, nonpeptide, et-1-selective, competitive antagonist (eta) 97-139 were investigated in mice with congestive heart failure (chf) and myocardial hypertrophy. morphological and microscopical analyses were conducted on day 56 after viral inoculation following 28 day treatment with 99-139. eight week-o ... | 2000 | 10807532 |
| serosurvey for selected infectious disease agents in free-ranging black and white rhinoceros in africa. | two hundred and eighty one serum samples collected from free-ranging black (diceros bicornis) and white (ceratotherium simum) rhinoceros, in the republic of south africa (rsa), namibia, and kenya from 1987-97, were examined for antibody to 16 different infectious agents. positive antibody titers were detected against akabane (59.8%), bluetongue (55%), african horse sickness (27.9%), epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer (19.4%), parainfluenza type 3 (25.3%), bovine herpes virus 1 (3.1%), equine ... | 2000 | 10813614 |
| effect of deficiency of the double-stranded rna-dependent protein kinase, pkr, on antiviral resistance in the presence or absence of ribonuclease l: hsv-1 replication is particularly sensitive to deficiency of the major ifn-mediated enzymes. | control of viral replication by interferon (ifn) is thought to be principally mediated by the 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (oas)/rnase l, double-stranded dependent protein kinase (pkr), and myxovirus resistance protein (mx) pathways. in this study, we monitored the constitutive and ifn-induced antiviral activity in mouse embryo fibroblasts lines derived from mice with targeted disruption of either pkr or pkr/rnase l genes. at high multiplicity of infection (moi = 10), the absence of pkr had n ... | 2000 | 10926208 |
| ires-dependent second gene expression is significantly lower than cap-dependent first gene expression in a bicistronic vector. | the internal ribosome entry site (ires) has been widely used to coexpress heterologous gene products by a message from a single promoter. however, little is known about the efficiency of ires-dependent second gene expression in comparison with that of first gene expression. this study was undertaken to characterize the relative expression of ires-dependent second gene in a bicistronic vector, which was derived from the 5' untranslated regions of the encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv). ires-depend ... | 2000 | 10933956 |
| highly cited article published in the veterinary quarterly in 1991. | in early 1991, the dutch pig industry was struck by the so-called mystery swine disease. large-scale laboratory investigations were undertaken to search for the aetiological agent. we focused on isolating viruses and mycoplasmas, and we tested paired sera of affected sows for antibodies against ten known pig viruses. the mycoplasmas m. hysonoviae, m. hyopneumoniae, and acheloplasma laidlawii, and the viruses encephalomyocarditis virus and porcine enterovirus types 2 and 7 were isolated from indi ... | 2000 | 10952439 |
| adenoviral gene transfer of a u-pa receptor-binding plasmin inhibitor and green fluorescent protein: inhibition of migration and visualization of expression. | smooth muscle cell migration plays a role in the development of intimal hyperplasia. given the established role of the plasminogen activation system in cell migration, an approach to therapy is to overexpress an inhibitor of plasmin. therefore, an adenoviral vector was constructed encoding the hybrid protein atf.bpti, which contains the active domain of bovine pancreas trypsin inhibitor (bpti), fused to atf, the amino terminal fragment or receptor-binding domain of u-pa. adenoviral vectors expre ... | 2000 | 11019972 |
| development of a rubella virus vaccine expression vector: use of a picornavirus internal ribosome entry site increases stability of expression. | rubella virus (rub) is a small plus-strand rna virus classified in the rubivirus genus of the family togaviridae. live, attenuated rub vaccines have been successfully used in vaccination programs for over 25 years, making rub an attractive vaccine vector. in this study, such a vector was constructed using a recently developed rub infectious cdna clone (robo). using a standard strategy employed to produce expression and vaccine vectors with other togaviruses, the subgenomic promoter was duplicate ... | 2000 | 11044128 |
| activation of translation in pituitary gonadotrope cells by gonadotropin-releasing hormone. | the neuropeptide gnrh is a central regulator of mammalian reproductive function produced by a dispersed population of hypothalamic neurosecretory neurons. the principal action of gnrh is to regulate release of the gonadotropins, lh and fsh, by the gonadotrope cells of the anterior pituitary. using a cultured cell model of mouse pituitary gonadotrope cells, alphat3-1 cells, we present evidence that gnrh stimulation of alphat3-1 cells results in an increase in cap-dependent mrna translation. gnrh ... | 2000 | 11075814 |
| effect of interleukin-18 on viral myocarditis: enhancement of interferon- gamma and natural killer cell activity. | encephalomyocarditis virus causes viral myocarditis with myocyte necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in mice. because previous studies have shown that some cytokines prevent the sequelae of myocarditis, we assessed the effect of a newly identified cytokine, interleukin-18 (il-18), in preventing the sequelae of myocarditis. murine il-18 (10 microg/day/mouse) was given peritoneally for 10 days in c3h mice infected with emc virus. mice were divided into group il-18 (infected-treated), salin ... | 2000 | 11112992 |
| construction of a recombinant adeno-associated virus (raav) vector expressing murine interleukin-12 (il-12). | il-12 is a heterodimeric cytokine that is known to induce tumor regression and long-term antitumor immunity. recombinant adeno-associated virus (raav) vectors are advantageous for gene therapy in that they lack pathogenicity in humans, infect dividing as well as nondividing cells, and show a broad range of infectivity. we constructed an raav vector expressing interleukin-12 (il-12) for cancer immunotherapy studies in a mouse model by inserting murine il-12 (mil-12) p35 and p40 cdnas into the pla ... | 2000 | 10770641 |
| reduction of cardiac endothelin-1 by angiotensin ii type 1 receptor antagonist in viral myocarditis of mice. | renin angiotensin system contributes to activation of circulating endothelin in congestive heart failure. to investigate the effects of angiotensin ii receptor antagonist and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (acei) on the levels of endothelin-1 (et-1), we administered orally angiotensin ii type 1 receptor (at1) antagonist, l-158,809 (ata) (6, 1.2 and 0.12 mg/kg/day), enalapril (1 mg/kg/day) and captopril (7.5 mg/kg/day) for 14 days to mice with viral myocarditis, beginning 7 days after e ... | 2000 | 10993124 |
| oral administration of branched chain amino acids improves virus-induced glucose intolerance in mice. | we investigated the therapeutic effect of branched chain amino acids (bcaa) on mice with glucose intolerance induced by encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv). male dba/2 mice were divided into three groups: treated with bcaa, (such as valine, leucine, and isoleucine), untreated, and control. bcaa-treated and -untreated groups were inoculated intraperitoneally with the ndk25 variant of emcv at 200 plaque-forming units per mouse. the bcaa-treated group was administered orally 0.9 g/kg/day of each bcaa ... | 2000 | 10862831 |
| cross talk between interferon-gamma and -alpha/beta signaling components in caveolar membrane domains. | definition of cellular responses to cytokines often involves cross-communication through their respective receptors. here, signaling by interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) is shown to depend on the ifn-alpha/beta receptor components. although these ifns transmit signals through distinct receptor complexes, the ifn-alpha/beta receptor component, ifnar1, facilitates efficient assembly of ifn-gamma-activated transcription factors. this cross talk is contingent on a constitutive subthreshold ifn-alpha/beta ... | 2000 | 10875919 |
| fibroblast growth factor 2 internal ribosome entry site (ires) activity ex vivo and in transgenic mice reveals a stringent tissue-specific regulation. | fibroblast growth factor 2 (fgf-2) is a powerful mitogen involved in proliferation, differentiation, and survival of various cells including neurons. fgf-2 expression is translationally regulated; in particular, the fgf-2 mrna contains an internal ribosome entry site (ires) allowing cap-independent translation. here, we have analyzed fgf-2 ires tissue specificity ex vivo and in vivo by using a dual luciferase bicistronic vector. this ires was active in most transiently transfected human and nonh ... | 2000 | 10893274 |
| physical association of eukaryotic initiation factor 4g (eif4g) with eif4a strongly enhances binding of eif4g to the internal ribosomal entry site of encephalomyocarditis virus and is required for internal initiation of translation. | mammalian eukaryotic initiation factor 4gi (eif4gi) may be divided into three similarly sized regions. the central region (amino acids [aa] 613 to 1090) binds eif3, eif4a, and the encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) internal ribosomal entry site (ires) and mediates initiation on this rna. we identified the regions of eif4gi that are responsible for its specific interaction with the ires and that are required to mediate 48s complex formation on the ires in vitro. mutational analysis demarcated the ... | 2000 | 10913184 |
| prevention of encephalomyocarditis virus-induced diabetes by live recombinant mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin in susceptible mice. | the d variant of encephalomyocarditis (emc-d) virus causes diabetes in susceptible mice by direct cytolysis of pancreatic beta-cells. cdna covering the major outer capsid protein (vp1) of the emc-d virus was cloned into mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg). none of the sjl/j mice immunized with live recombinant bcg-vp1 (rbcg-vp1) became diabetic when challenged with the highly diabetogenic emc-d virus, but the control mice inoculated with normal bcg developed diabetes during the sa ... | 2000 | 10969829 |
| functional characterization of the emcv ires in plants. | the translation of eukaryotic messenger rna is typically dependent upon the presence of an m7gpppn cap structure at the 5' end of the transcript. however, several animal viruses, including the picorna viruses, have been shown to exhibit cap-independent translation through the presence of an internal ribosome entry site or ires. this ires-mediated cap-independent internal translation initiation has been exploited to generate bicistronic transcripts that function in animal cells. recently ires ele ... | 2000 | 11123797 |
| the vhs1 mutant form of herpes simplex virus virion host shutoff protein retains significant internal ribosome entry site-directed rna cleavage activity. | the virion host shutoff (vhs) protein of herpes simplex virus (hsv) triggers global shutoff of host protein synthesis and accelerated turnover of host and viral mrnas during hsv infection. as well, it induces endoribonucleolytic cleavage of rna substrates when produced in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate (rrl) in vitro translation system. the vhs1 point mutation (thr 214-->ile) eliminates vhs function during virus infection and in transiently transfected mammalian cells and was therefore previously ... | 2001 | 11134323 |
| tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) plays a protective role in acute viralmyocarditis in mice: a study using mice lacking tnf-alpha. | it has been reported that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) is expressed in the heart with viral myocarditis and that its expression aggravates the condition. the pathophysiological effects of tnf-alpha on viral myocarditis, however, have not been fully elucidated. | 2001 | 11156888 |
| carboxyalkylated histidine is a ph-dependent product of pegylation with sc-peg. | pegylation of therapeutic protein usually results in a mixture of monopegylated proteins with differing sites of modification. with rh-interferon-alpha2a pegylation, we have found that this heterogeneity includes two classes of pegylation site chemistry, the relative proportions of which can be adjusted by reaction ph. | 2001 | 11683252 |
| porcine encephalomyocarditis virus persists in pig myocardium and infects human myocardial cells. | recent advances toward using pig tissues in human transplantation have made it necessary to determine the risk of transmitting zoonotic viruses from pigs to humans or vice versa. we investigated the suitability of the porcine encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) model for such studies by determining its ability to persist in pigs, escape detection by routine serological methods, and infect human cells. intraperitoneal inoculation of 5-week-old pigs with emcv-30, a strain isolated from commercial pi ... | 2001 | 11689644 |
| involvement of proteasome alpha-subunit psma7 in hepatitis c virus internal ribosome entry site-mediated translation. | ribozymes are small catalytic rna molecules that can be engineered to enzymatically cleave rna transcripts in a sequence-specific fashion and thereby inhibit expression and function of the corresponding gene product. with their simple structures and site-specific cleavage activity, they have been exploited as potential therapeutic agents in a variety of human disorders, including hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection. we have designed a hairpin ribozyme (rz3'x) targeting the hcv minus-strand replica ... | 2001 | 11713272 |
| the novel picornavirus equine rhinitis b virus contains a strong type ii internal ribosomal entry site which functions similarly to that of encephalomyocarditis virus. | equine rhinitis b virus (erbv) has recently been classified as an erbovirus, a new genus in the picornaviridae family. erbv is distantly related to members of the cardiovirus and aphthovirus genera which utilize a type ii internal ribosome entry sequence (ires) to initiate translation. we show that erbv also possesses the core stem-loop structures (h-l) of a type ii ires. the function of the erbv ires was characterized using bicistronic plasmids that were analysed both by transfection into bhk-2 ... | 2001 | 11514737 |
| recombinant aav vectors containing the foot and mouth disease virus 2a sequence confer efficient bicistronic gene expression in cultured cells and rat substantia nigra neurons. | recombinant adeno-associated viruses (raavs) are promising vectors for gene therapy since they efficiently and stably transduce a variety of tissues of immunocompetent animals. the major disadvantage of raavs is their limited capacity to package foreign dna (< or =5 kb). often, co-expression of two or more genes from a single viral vector is desirable to achieve maximal therapeutic efficacy or to track transduced cells in vivo by suitable reporter genes. the internal ribosome entry site (ires) s ... | 2001 | 11423934 |
| gene gun-mediate dna vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease virus. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is one of the most dangerous diseases of cloven-hoofed animals and is a constant threat in the middle-east and other regions throughout the world despite intensive vaccination programs. in this work, we describe the ability of fmdv expression constructs to protect pigs from fmdv challenge when used as a vaccine. the construct consists of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) internal ribosome entry site (ires), the entire p1 and 2a together with 3cd sequences, all in the ... | 2001 | 11427262 |
| eukaryotic initiation factor 4g-poly(a) binding protein interaction is required for poly(a) tail-mediated stimulation of picornavirus internal ribosome entry segment-driven translation but not for x-mediated stimulation of hepatitis c virus translation. | efficient translation of most eukaryotic mrnas results from synergistic cooperation between the 5' m(7)gpppn cap and the 3' poly(a) tail. in contrast to such mrnas, the polyadenylated genomic rnas of picornaviruses are not capped, and translation is initiated internally, driven by an extensive sequence termed ires (for internal ribosome entry segment). here we have used our recently described poly(a)-dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysate cell-free translation system to study the role of mrna poly ... | 2001 | 11390639 |
| expression of hepatitis c virus ns5a natural mutants in a hepatocytic cell line inhibits the antiviral effect of interferon in a pkr-independent manner. | the impact of hepatitis c virus ns5a protein mutations on interferon alfa (ifn-alpha) signaling pathway, cell proliferation, and viability is an important issue that is still under debate. we have therefore combined transient and stable expression in a human hepatocytic cell line (huh7) of 3 full-length ns5a sequences, isolated from patients with or without response to ifn-alpha therapy. expression of all 3 ns5a-reduced ifn-alpha global antiviral activity on both vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) ... | 2001 | 11391540 |
| molecular mechanisms of translation initiation in eukaryotes. | translation initiation is a complex process in which initiator trna, 40s, and 60s ribosomal subunits are assembled by eukaryotic initiation factors (eifs) into an 80s ribosome at the initiation codon of mrna. the cap-binding complex eif4f and the factors eif4a and eif4b are required for binding of 43s complexes (comprising a 40s subunit, eif2/gtp/met-trnai and eif3) to the 5' end of capped mrna but are not sufficient to promote ribosomal scanning to the initiation codon. eif1a enhances the abili ... | 2001 | 11416183 |
| role of hck in the pathogenesis of encephalomyocarditis virus-induced diabetes in mice. | soluble mediators such as interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) produced from activated macrophages play an important role in the destruction of pancreatic beta cells in mice infected with a low dose of the d variant of encephalomyocarditis (emc-d) virus. the tyrosine kinase signaling pathway was shown to be involved in emc-d virus-induced activation of macrophages. this investigation was initiated to determine whether the src fami ... | 2001 | 11160694 |
| antiviral response in cells containing stat1 with heterologous transactivation domains. | the stats (signal transducers and activators of transcription), latent cytoplasmic transcription factors, are activated by binding of extracellular polypeptides to cell surface receptors. dimerization, accumulation in the nucleus, and transcriptional inductions of specific genes then occur. the cooh terminus of the stats acts as a transcriptional activation domain (tad). stat1, one of seven mammalian stat genes, forms a homodimer after activation by gamma interferon and induces transcription of ... | 2001 | 11222685 |
| c-myc internal ribosome entry site activity is developmentally controlled and subjected to a strong translational repression in adult transgenic mice. | the expression of c-myc proto-oncogene, a key regulator of cell proliferation and apoptosis, is controlled at different transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. in particular, the c-myc mrna contains an internal ribosome entry site (ires) able to promote translation initiation independently from the classical cap-dependent mechanism. we analyzed the variations of c-myc ires activity ex vivo in different proliferating cell types, and in vivo in transgenic mice expressing a bicistronic dual ... | 2001 | 11238920 |
| novel fluorescence-based screen to identify small synthetic internal ribosome entry site elements. | we report here a novel fluorescent protein-based screen to identify small, synthetic internal ribosome entry site (ires) elements in vivo. a library of bicistronic plasmids encoding the enhanced blue and green fluorescent proteins (ebfp and egfp) separated by randomized 50-nucleotide-long sequences was amplified in bacteria and delivered into mammalian cells via protoplast fusion. cells that received functional ires elements were isolated using the ebfp and egfp reporters and fluorescence-activa ... | 2001 | 11283261 |
| the role of viruses in type i diabetes: two distinct cellular and molecular pathogenic mechanisms of virus-induced diabetes in animals. | type i (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus results from the progressive loss of pancreatic beta cells. environmental factors are believed to play an important part in the development of type i diabetes by influencing the penetrance of diabetes susceptibility genes. as one environmental factor, the virus has long been considered to play a part in this disease. to date 13 different viruses have been reported to be associated with the development of type i diabetes in humans and in various animal ... | 2001 | 11317656 |
| enhancement of vp1-specific immune responses and protection against emcv-k challenge by co-delivery of il-12 dna with vp1 dna vaccine. | it has been reported that co-delivery of il-12 dna with a dna vaccine further enhances antigen (ag)-specific protective immunity in pathogenic challenge models. however, the enhancing effects of antibody by il-12 have been controversial. to clarify this issue, we constructed an il-12 expression vector, co-immunized il-12 dna with an encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv)-d vp1 plasmid vaccine, and then evaluated immune modulatory effects and protection against lethal emcv-k challenge. we observed tha ... | 2001 | 11228358 |
| enhancement of defective rna expression vectors as potential vaccine delivery systems for avian infectious bronchitis virus. | 2001 | 11774500 | |
| virus-inhibitory effect of a yeast rna-tilorone molecular complex in cell cultures. | the virus-inhibitory activity of a molecular complex (mc) of tilorone and yeast rna was studied in vitro on three virus-cell systems: vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) - murine fibroblast l929 cells, venezuelan equine encephalittis virus (veev) - swine embryo kidney (sek) cells and encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) - established piglet testicular (ept) cells. in all these systems the mc exerted an antiviral effect similar to that of polynucleotide interferon (ifn) inducers such as poly(i)-poly(c) ... | 2001 | 11774897 |
| poly(a)-binding protein interaction with elf4g stimulates picornavirus ires-dependent translation. | the eukaryotic mrna 3' poly(a) tail and the 5' cap cooperate to synergistically enhance translation. this interaction is mediated, at least in part, by elf4g, which bridges the mrna termini by simultaneous binding the poly(a)-binding protein (pabp) and the cap-binding protein, elf4e. the poly(a) tail also stimulates translation from the internal ribosome binding sites (ires) of a number of picornaviruses. elf4g is likely to mediate this translational stimulation through its direct interaction wi ... | 2001 | 11780631 |
| antileishmanial activity of hydrolyzable tannins and their modulatory effects on nitric oxide and tumour necrosis factor-alpha release in macrophages in vitro. | a series of 27 hydrolyzable tannins and related compounds was tested for antiparasitic effects against both extracellular promastigote and intracellular amastigote leishmania donovani organisms. in parallel, the compounds were evaluated for their immunomodulatory effects on macrophage functions, including release of nitric oxide (no), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) and interferon (ifn)-like properties using several functional assays. of the series of polyphenols tested, only gallic aci ... | 2001 | 11745019 |
| the 5' untranslated region of rhopalosiphum padi virus contains an internal ribosome entry site which functions efficiently in mammalian, plant, and insect translation systems. | rhopalosiphum padi virus (rhpv) is one of several picorna-like viruses that infect insects; sequence analysis has revealed distinct differences between these agents and mammalian picornaviruses. rhpv has a single-stranded positive-sense rna genome of about 10 kb; unlike the genomes of picornaviridae, however, this genome contains two long open reading frames (orfs). orf1 encodes the virus nonstructural proteins, while the downstream orf, orf2, specifies the structural proteins. both orfs are pre ... | 2001 | 11581392 |
| activation of nf-kappab by double-stranded rna (dsrna) in the absence of protein kinase r and rnase l demonstrates the existence of two separate dsrna-triggered antiviral programs. | double-stranded rna (dsrna) of viral origin triggers two programs of the innate immunity in virus-infected cells. one is intended to decrease the rate of host cell protein synthesis and thus to prevent viral replication. this program is mediated by protein kinase r (pkr) and by rnase l and contributes, eventually, to the self-elimination of the infected cell via apoptosis. the second program is responsible for the production of antiviral (type i) interferons and other alarmone cytokines and serv ... | 2001 | 11113181 |
| evaluation of ultrastructural changes associated with encephalomyocarditis virus in the myocardium of experimentally infected piglets. | to evaluate the ultrastructural changes and localization of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) and viral pathogenesis in the myocardium of experimentally infected piglets. | 2001 | 11592335 |
| virus-induced autoimmunity: epitope spreading to myelin autoepitopes in theiler's virus infection of the central nervous system. | epidemiological studies indicate that host immunogenetics and history of infection, particularly by viruses, may be a necessary cofactor for the induction of a variety of autoimmune diseases. to date, however, there is no clear-cut evidence, either in experimental animal models or in human autoimmune disease, that supports either molecular mimicry (wucherpfennig and strominger, 1995; fujinami and oldstone, 1985) or a role for superantigens (scherer et al., 1993) in the initiation of t cell-media ... | 2001 | 11450300 |
| tricistronic viral vectors co-expressing interleukin-12 (1l-12) and cd80 (b7-1) for the immunotherapy of cancer: preclinical studies in myeloma. | synergy between interleukin-12 (il-12) and b7-1 (cd80) for cancer immunotherapy has previously been demonstrated in animal models of breast cancer, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. with a view to human clinical application, tricistronic retroviral and adenovirus vectors co-expressing il-12 (il-12p40 plus il-12p35) and cd80 were constructed by utilizing two internal ribosome entry site (ires) sequences to link the three cdnas. a murine stem cell virus (mscv)-based retroviral vector (mscv-hil12.b7) ... | 2001 | 11477456 |
| truncated initiation factor eif4g lacking an eif4e binding site can support capped mrna translation. | picornavirus proteases cleave translation initiation factor eif4g into a c-terminal two-thirds fragment (hereafter named p100) and an n-terminal one-third fragment, which interacts with the cap-binding factor eif4e. as the timing of this cleavage correlates broadly with the shut-off of host cell protein synthesis in infected cells, a very widespread presumption has been that p100 cannot support capped mrna translation. through the use of an eif4g-depleted reticulocyte lysate system, we show that ... | 2001 | 11483526 |
| the leader protein of theiler's virus inhibits immediate-early alpha/beta interferon production. | theiler's virus is a picornavirus responsible for a persistent infection of the central nervous system of the mouse, leading to a chronic demyelinating disease considered to be a model for multiple sclerosis. the leader (l) protein encoded by theiler's virus is a 76-amino-acid-long peptide containing a zinc-binding motif. this motif is conserved in the l proteins of all cardioviruses, including encephalomyocarditis virus. the l protein of theiler's virus was suggested to interfere with the alpha ... | 2001 | 11483724 |
| detailed analysis of the requirements of hepatitis a virus internal ribosome entry segment for the eukaryotic initiation factor complex eif4f. | the hepatitis a virus (hav) internal ribosome entry segment (ires) is unique among the picornavirus iress in that it is inactive in the presence of either the entero- and rhinovirus 2a or aphthovirus lb proteinases. since these proteinases both cleave eukaryotic initiation factor 4g (eif4g) and hav ires activity could be rescued in vitro by addition of eif4f to proteinase-treated extracts, it was concluded that the hav ires requires eif4f containing intact eif4g. here, we show that the inability ... | 2001 | 11483730 |
| composition and arrangement of genes define the strength of ires-driven translation in bicistronic mrnas. | in addition to the cap-dependent mechanism, eukaryotic initiation of translation can occur by a cap-independent mechanism which directs ribosomes to defined start codons enabled by internal ribosome entry site (ires) elements. ires elements from poliovirus and encephalomyocarditis virus are often used to construct bi- or oligocistronic expression vectors to co-express various genes from one mrna. we found that while cap-dependent translation initiation from bicistronic mrnas remains comparable t ... | 2001 | 11504870 |
| a phosphodiesterase from ascites carcinoma krebs ii cells specifically cleaves the bond between vpg and rna of encephalomyocarditis virus. | the substrate specificity of the "unlinking" enzyme from ascite carcinoma krebs ii cells has been investigated. the enzyme specifically splits the interpolymeric phosphodiester bond between kp and the 5;-terminal phosphate group of the uridylic acid residue in the kp-pupupgp complex. | 2001 | 11333162 |
| study on risk factors for transplacental viral infections; effect of bacterial factors and double viral infections on virus replication in placenta and amniotic membranes. | among risk factors for vertical transmission of hiv there are listed concomitant viral and bacterial infections. therefore the influence on the viruses replication in human placenta and amniotic membrane cultures of double viral infection with two unrelated viruses - encephalomyocarditis (emcv) and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) - was studied and compared with the replication of the viruses in single virus infection (emcv or vsv) in the same organ cultures. additionally effect of bacterial fac ... | 2001 | 11286573 |