Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| seroepidemiology of helicobacter pylori infection and hepatitis a in a rural area: evidence against a common mode of transmission. | recent studies have shown that the age-specific seroprevalence of h pylori infection parallels hepatitis a (hav), suggesting similar modes of transmission. the aim of this study was to investigate the seroepidemiology of h pylori and hav in the same setting. | 1997 | 9301493 |
| three-step isolation method for sensitive detection of enterovirus, rotavirus, hepatitis a virus, and small round structured viruses in water samples. | control of drinking or bathing water quality in respect to viral contamination remains an unsolved problem. a highly sensitive isolation protocol was developed for concentration and detection of different enteric viruses from water samples. the three-step isolation procedure combines filtration with a positively charged nylon membrane, ultrafiltration and clean-up of the viral rna with a silica based membrane. detection of the viral rna is accomplished by reverse-transcription polymerase chain r ... | 1997 | 9310854 |
| rotavirus and hepatitis a virus in market lettuce (latuca sativa) in costa rica. | we assessed the presence of rotavirus and hepatitis a virus in lettuce bought in farmer markets from san josé, costa rica, during months of low (april-june) and high (december-january) incidence of diarrhea associated with rotavirus, respectively. lettuce samples were pooled and evaluated for rotavirus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and for hepatitis a virus by radioimmunoassay, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and electron microscope. three sample pools, collected during the period ... | 1997 | 9310858 |
| exposure to hepatitis a virus among blood donors, injecting drug users and prison entrants in victoria. | to assess prevalence of exposure to hepatitis a virus (hav) among injecting drug users (idus) and prison entrants in victoria, and to compare this with prevalence of hav among a reference population of blood donors, sera stored from two previous studies and from randomly selected blood donors were tested for total antibody to hav. the first study was a longitudinal study of field-recruited idus from 1990 to 1992 and the second was a study of all prison entrants in 1991-92 (both studies were carr ... | 1997 | 9310932 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus in an adult urban population from burundi. | the prevalence of antibodies to the hepatitis e virus (hev) was measured in a group of 129 adults from bujumbura, burundi, using an elisa. the prevalence of anti-hev igg was 14%, much lower than that of hepatitis a virus (hav) (97.7%). in addition to the lability of antibodies to hev, this difference might be explained by the extensive availability of good-quality drinking water in the city. the presence of serologic markers of hbv (77.6%), hcv (27.1%), and human immunodeficiency virus (30.2%) w ... | 1997 | 9311635 |
| hepatitis a among homosexual men and injection drug users: more evidence for vaccination. | as agencies develop guidelines for administering the newly developed hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccine, information is needed regarding the occurrence of hav infection in groups putatively at risk for the infection. we tested serum samples from 300 injection drug users (idus), 300 homosexual males, and 300 blood donors for the presence of total antibody to hav (anti-hav). anti-hav was detected in 66% of idus, 32% of homosexual males, and 14% of blood donors. anti-hav was not significantly associat ... | 1997 | 9314468 |
| the declining pattern of seroepidemiology of hepatitis a virus infection among adolescents in bangkok, thailand. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is a health problem in countries where seroepidemiology shows changes from hyperendemicity to intermediate endemicity. throughout the last decade, we studied, in bangkok, the seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus antibody (anti-hav) among adolescents of different age groups. in 1996, 245 serum specimens from children aged between 10 and 19 were tested for anti-hav by elisa method. the results were compared to those obtained in 1987 and 1993 from students of the same age and ... | 1997 | 9322299 |
| population-based survey of hepatitis a virus infection in the republic of san marino. | in 1990-1991, the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a virus infection (anti-hav) was assayed by the elisa method among 1528 apparently healthy subjects, 20-85 years old in the republic of san marino. subjects were selected from the list of residents by a random stratified sampling procedure with a proportional allocation by age, sex and district of residence. the overall anti-hav prevalence was 64.7%; it increased from 28.6% in subjects 20-30 years old to 97% in those > 60 years (p < 0.01). ... | 1997 | 9324216 |
| an advisory committee statement (acs). national advisory committee on immunization (naci). supplementary statement on hepatitis prevention. | 1997 | 9327646 | |
| response to hepatitis a vaccination in human immunodeficiency virus-infected and -uninfected homosexual men. | the influence of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection and vaccination schedule on the immunogenicity of a hepatitis a vaccine was examined. ninety hiv-infected homosexual men received two vaccinations with hepatitis a vaccine (each 2 ml of 720 elisa units/ml) either 1 or 6 months apart; 44 hiv-uninfected men received vaccine at study entry and at 6 months. anti-hepatitis a virus (hav) titer after vaccination was measured in 83 hiv-positive and 39 hiv-negative men. seroconversion (anti-ha ... | 1997 | 9333168 |
| prevalence and risk factors for htlv-ii infection in 913 injecting drug users in stockholm, 1994. | the prevalence and risk factors for acquisition of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i and ii (htlv-i and ii) were investigated in a prospective study of 913 injecting drug users (idus) in stockholm in 1994. epidemiologic data were recorded, and blood samples were tested for antibodies against htlv-i and htlv-ii; human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) types 1 and 2; and hepatitis a (hav), b (hbv), c (hcv), and d (hdv). positive serologic results for htlv were confirmed by western blot (wb) and po ... | 1997 | 9342259 |
| induction of intracellular membrane rearrangements by hav proteins 2c and 2bc. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is distinguished from other picornaviruses by its slow and relatively poor, noncytopathic growth in cultures of mammalian cells. the 2c and 2bc proteins of hav have been implicated in the determination of virus growth in cultured cells. the homologous proteins from other picornaviruses, such as poliovirus, have been demonstrated to exhibit multiple activities, such as rna binding, nucleotide binding and ntpase, and membrane binding and reorganization. at least some of the ... | 1997 | 9344908 |
| intact eukaryotic initiation factor 4g is required for hepatitis a virus internal initiation of translation. | the requirements for optimal activity of the hepatitis a virus (hav) internal ribosome entry segment (ires) differ substantially from those of other picornavirus ireses. one such difference is that, to date, the hav ires is the only one whose efficiency is severely inhibited in the presence of the picornaviral 2a proteinase. here we describe experiments designed to dissect the mechanism of proteinase-mediated inhibition of hav translation. using dicistronic mrnas translated in vitro, we show tha ... | 1997 | 9344915 |
| high prevalence of antibody against hepatitis a virus in an institution for the mentally handicapped. | hepatitis a virus infection constitutes a world-wide public health problem, predominantly in developing countries. mentally handicapped children, due to their incapacity for looking after themselves, comprise one of the high risk groups for hepatitis a virus infection. the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis a virus antibody (anti-hav) among the children and adults in the institute for the mentally handicapped located in nonthaburi, thailand. the prevalence of a ... | 1997 | 9346272 |
| seminested rt-pcr systems for small round structured viruses and detection of enteric viruses in seafood. | highly sensitive seminested rt-pcr systems for the specific detection of genotype i and ii small round structured viruses (srsvs) were developed based on the nucleic acid information deposited in the databanks. srsvs could be detected in 10(7)-fold dilutions of three different stool samples. in addition, a rapid and simple purification protocol for enteric viruses from seafood tissues was elaborated using poliovirus (pv) as model. the virus isolation and viral rna purification include the follow ... | 1997 | 9237119 |
| prevalence of hepatitis e virus igg antibodies in patients from a referral unit of liver diseases in salvador, bahia, brazil. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is prevalent in asia and africa. recently, it was also described in mexico, but epidemiologic data from other latin american countries are scarce. the seroprevalence of anti-hev in a referral hepatology unit in northern brazil was determined by testing for anti-hev igg in 701 serum samples from our serum bank. specimens analyzed were from 200 blood donors, 79 patients with acute viral hepatitis (avh), 392 hemodialyzed patients, and 30 carriers of schistosomiasis. duplicat ... | 1997 | 9242319 |
| epidemic and sporadic hepatitis e virus transmission in west kalimantan (borneo), indonesia. | a cross-sectional survey was conducted in west kalimantan (borneo), indonesia to geographically profile hepatitis e virus (hev) prevalence in the riverine areas recognized as the foci of epidemic hev transmission in 1987. additionally, a contiguous, although distinct, population with no identifiable historical exposure to epidemic hev was surveyed downstream for comparative purposes. eight hundred eighty-five sera were assayed by enzyme immunoabsorbent assay for anti-hev igg and anti-hepatitis a ... | 1997 | 9242320 |
| another case of acute renal failure (arf) due to acute tubular necrosis (atn), proven by renal biopsy in non-fulminant hepatitis a virus (hav) infection. | 1997 | 9249815 | |
| hepatitis a vaccination programs in communities with high rates of hepatitis a. | in june 1995, the public health service advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) issued recommendations about the use of hepatitis a vaccine for the prevention and control of hepatitis a. in communities with high rates of hepatitis a and periodic outbreaks, the acip recommends routine vaccination of young children and catch-up vaccination of previously unvaccinated older children. this report describes hepatitis a vaccination programs initiated to control ongoing outbreaks and prevent ... | 1997 | 9221328 |
| molecular cloning of the hepatitis a virus receptor from a simian cell line. | using a eukaryotic expression system in combination with a monoclonal antibody (mab) capable of blocking hepatitis a virus (hav) adsorption, a cdna clone was selected from a library of s.la/ve-1 cells, a cell line that is highly susceptible to the virus. sequence analysis of the cdna revealed a single open reading frame that encoded a protein consisting of 460 amino acids. the deduced primary structure of the protein included a signal sequence, a transmembrane domain, four sites for n-linked gly ... | 1997 | 9225030 |
| evaluation of a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of immunoglobulin m antibody in diagnosis of human leptospiral infection. | the panbio leptospira immunoglobulin m (igm) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is a commercially available screening test for the diagnosis of acute leptospiral infection. the ability of the test to diagnose early or recent leptospira interrogans infection was assessed by testing sera with known microagglutination test (mat) titers to serovars pomona, hardjo, copenhageni, and australis. the igm elisa detected all 41 cases of early or recent leptospiral infection (sensitivity, 100%), with ... | 1997 | 9230359 |
| immunization of seronegative infants with hepatitis a vaccine (havrix; skb): a comparative study of two dosing schedules. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection is of public health significance among infants and diapered children. although two licensed hav vaccines are available, they have not been assessed widely in children under the age of 2 years and are not currently licensed for this age group. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of hav vaccine in seronegative infants. fifty-three healthy infants were immunized with 360 elisa units (el.u.) of an inactivated hav vaccine a ... | 1997 | 9364691 |
| disinfection of human enteric viruses on fomites. | the virucidal action of several commercially available disinfectant preparations was assayed against hepatitis a virus and human rotavirus dried on polystyrene. overall, the level of virus disinfection achieved was very poor, usually inducing less than 3 log titre reduction. suspension tests performed with the same disinfectants showed different virus inactivation rates, thus failing to provide a reliable indication of the actual virus disinfection on fomites. in our studies, bacteriophages of b ... | 1997 | 9368367 |
| sporadic hepatitis e in southern india. | 1997 | 9373629 | |
| seroepidemiological study of helicobacter pylori infection in south african children. | the seroepidemiology of helicobacter pylori infection was studied in 681 randomly selected black children from newborn to 13 years of age (333 boys, mean age 8.05 years, and 348 girls, mean age 7.76 years) in kwazulu/natal, south africa. h. pylori infection was identified serologically using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect the presence of immunoglobulin g against h. pylori. demographic information collected included age, gender, family income, overcrowding, educational level, and ... | 1997 | 9373630 |
| cdc sets interim strategy for hepatitis a control. | 1997 | 9377216 | |
| [the prevalence of hepatitis a, b and c viral markers in the population of gijón between 26 and 65 years old]. | the aim of this study was to know the prevalence of hepatitis a, b and c markers in an adult population in gijón, spain. a randomized, transversal sample according to the census was made in a population between 26 and 65 years of age in gijón, analyzing demographic, epidemiologic and clinical variables, liver function tests, anti-hav igg, anti-hbcore and anti-hcv. of the 476 individuals included a census error was detected in 26 (5.5%) and 340 (71.4%) were studied. of these anti-hav igg was posi ... | 1997 | 9377232 |
| [incidence of sporadic hepatitis e in ivory coast based on still problematic serology]. | the first well-documented outbreak of viral hepatitis e in africa was described in 1986 in côte d'lvoire. subsequently, no other outbreaks have been observed in the country. côte d'lvoire therefore offers an excellent opportunity to evaluate the prevalence of sporadic viral hepatitis e in a country where the frequency of non-a, non-b, non-c viral hepatitis appears to be high. the study was carried out in abidjan, the most populous city, and involved 111 hospitalized patients suffering from non-a ... | 1997 | 9377791 |
| single-antibody in situ enzyme immunoassay for infectivity titration of hepatitis a virus. | hepatitis a virus (hav) establishes a persistent infection in cultured cells, with minimal effect on host cell metabolism. as a result, the virus produces very little, if any, cytopathic effect (cpe), even with cell culture-adapted strains. this feature precludes the use of a plaque or standard endpoint assay (using cpe as an indicator of infection) for the titration of infectious virus. the radioimmunofocus assay (rifa) is the standard method for hav titration, though this method is labour inte ... | 1997 | 9395142 |
| hepatitis a virus infections in urban children--are preventive opportunities being missed? | to determine the prevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) infections in children in a large urban center, a point prevalence survey was conducted using a novel, ultrasensitive assay for hav-specific igg in saliva. a structured sample of 224 grade-six students (5.8% of grade registrants) was obtained from 23 schools throughout vancouver. all students provided saliva samples adequate for testing. the anti-hav prevalence rate was 7.1% (95% confidence interval, 4.1%-11.3%). among 167 canadian-born stud ... | 1997 | 9395375 |
| hepatitis a outbreak in a socially-contained religious community in rural southern ontario. | 1997 | 9397602 | |
| frequent detection of hepatitis a viral rna in serum during the early convalescent phase of acute hepatitis a. | the diagnosis of type a hepatitis is performed mainly by immunoglobulin m (igm) anti-hepatitis a antibody assay, but it has not been established whether there is a correlation between changes in viremia and the clinical course of type a hepatitis. we examined hepatitis a virus (hav) rna in the sera from type a and non-a, non-b, non-c acute hepatitis and analyzed the relation of hav viremia with alanine aminotransferase (alt) and igm-ha levels. two hundred sera from 38 patients with type a acute ... | 1997 | 9398009 |
| [prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis a virus (hav) in a population of mexican children]. | we studied by elisa test 450 healthy children looking for igg and igm antibodies against virus a hepatitis. 376/450 (86.3%) showed igg antibodies. 50% of children under one year were positive. at 3 years of age 80% of children from this study were with antibodies igg and 96% of children at 10 years of age were positive. only 9 children showed antibodies igm. | 1997 | 9412137 |
| viral infections transmitted by food of animal origin: the present situation in the european union. | the goal of this presentation was to clarify which foods are involved in viral diseases, which viruses are transmitted via food and how to evaluate the risk of a foodborne viral infection. food items frequently identified as cause of viral disease outbreaks were shellfish harvested in sewage-contaminated water. another common source of foodborne viral illness was cold food contaminated by infected food handlers. in the european union the viruses most frequently associated with foodborne illness ... | 1997 | 9413541 |
| [hepatitis a virus infection in children in argentina: a pilot study]. | the severity and/or the prognostic of infections with the hepatitis a virus (hav) is related to the age at which the infection occurs. since transmission of the virus occurs by the fecal-oral route, the prevalence and age-relate incidence of infection is determined by the adequacy of sanitation hygienic measures and the socio economic level of exposed populations. thus, the disease is having an increasing impact in developing countries with improving sanitary standards whereas inhabitants of ind ... | 1997 | 9460514 |
| [viral hepatitis markers in saliva specimens from patients with acute hepatitis a, b and c]. | anti-hva igm, hbsag, anti-hbc igm, anti-hvc were determined in the blood sera and saliva specimens obtained from patients with acute hepatitis a, b, c (ha, hb, hc) and from healthy persons of the control group. 37 ha patients, 27 hb patients and 24 hc patients, observed in the dynamics of the disease (for a period of 1 month and longer from the appearance of manifestations of the disease), as well as 30 practically healthy persons (the control group) were examined. anti-hva igm could be found in ... | 1997 | 9460864 |
| [an unusual course of viral hepatitis a in children]. | to determine the present-day specific clinical features of viral hepatitis a (ha) in children, observation on 447 children aged 1 year and 10 months to 14 years with verified ha monoinfection was carried out. at the season of 1993 essential differences were observed in the clinical picture of ha: the disease took a more severe course with the prevalence of medium-severe (59.3%) and severe (3.6%) forms of this infection, a tendency to a prolonged convalescence period and fermentative aggravations ... | 1997 | 9460876 |
| kidney injury molecule-1 (kim-1), a putative epithelial cell adhesion molecule containing a novel immunoglobulin domain, is up-regulated in renal cells after injury. | we report the identification of rat and human cdnas for a type 1 membrane protein that contains a novel six-cysteine immunoglobulin-like domain and a mucin domain; it is named kidney injury molecule-1 (kim-1). structurally, kim-1 is a member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily most reminiscent of mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (madcam-1). human kim-1 exhibits homology to a monkey gene, hepatitis a virus cell receptor 1 (havcr-1), which was identified recently as a receptor for the ... | 1998 | 9461608 |
| immunomagnetic capture pcr for rapid concentration and detection of hepatitis a virus from environmental samples. | we studied the concentration of hepatitis a virus (hav) from environmental samples by membrane filter-based urea-arginine phosphate buffer and its detection by using immunomagnetic capture (ic) reverse transcription (rt)-pcr (ic pcr). magnetic beads coated with anti-hav rabbit antibodies were used for enrichment and concentration of hav from environmental samples. ic pcr is sensitive enough to detect as few as 0.04 pfu of cell culture-adapted hav in inoculated water and sewage samples. ic pcr is ... | 1998 | 9464385 |
| what priority for prevention of hepatitis a in india? | the recent development of a safe, effective vaccine against hepatitis a virus (hav) demands a reassessment of the public health importance and priority of hav in india. although acute viral hepatitis is common among children in india, the majority of hav infections are asymptomatic. with increasing age at infection, the proportion of persons developing symptomatic acute hepatitis increases. studies have indicated that virtually all children are infected with hav by 10-15 years of age, but the ... | 1998 | 9465502 |
| seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus in mumbai, and immunogenicity and safety of hepatitis a vaccine. | since epidemiologic trends of hepatitis a are changing worldwide, we studied its seroprevalence in mumbai, which is thought to be a high-endemicity area. the immunogenicity and safety of a hepatitis a vaccine were also studied. | 1998 | 9465507 |
| seroprevalences of helicobacter pylori and hepatitis a virus. | 1998 | 9468266 | |
| characterization of replication-competent hepatitis a virus constructs containing insertions at the n terminus of the polyprotein. | to determine whether hepatitis a virus (hav) could tolerate the insertion of exogenous sequences, we constructed full-length hav cdnas containing in-frame insertions at the n terminus of the polyprotein and transfected the derived t7 rna polymerase in vitro transcripts into frhk-4 cells. replication of havvec1, a construct containing an insertion of 60 nucleotides coding for a polylinker, a 2b/2c cleavage site for hav protease 3cpro, and two initiation codons that restored the sequence of the n ... | 1998 | 9420233 |
| manganese superoxide dismutase (mnsod) and autoantibodies against mnsod in acute viral infections. | sera of 146 patients with acute ebv, hav, hbv, cmv, hsv, and rubella virus infections, and sera from 35 healthy controls were tested for the antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (mnsod). an enzyme immunoassay that detects all isomeres of the enzyme was developed. the mean mnsod value of healthy controls was 107 ng/ml. in hav, hbv and ebv infections characterized by viral replication in internal organs, there was an average 5-fold rise of serum mnsod, whereas in viral infections with ... | 1998 | 9598938 |
| assessing hepatitis a virus epidemic stochastic process in eight cities in china in 1990. | in the people's republic of china in 1990, the age-specific seroprevalence of hepatitis a was investigated in eight large cities. | 1998 | 9602417 |
| seroprevalence of specific viral infections in confiscated orangutans (pongo pygmaeus). | a serological survey of confiscated orangutans was conducted to determine the prevalence of specific viral infections cross reacting with human viruses. antibodies specific for human hepatitis a (hav) and b (hbv) viruses, herpes simplex viruses (hsv), and human t-lymphotropic virus (htlv types i and ii), as well as for the simian type d retroviruses (srv types 1 to 3) and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) were tested in samples from 143 orangutans. results revealed a high prevalence of potenti ... | 1998 | 9606041 |
| simplified reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction procedure with detection by microplate hybridization for routine screening of hepatitis a virus. | reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, using either nested or seminested primers, is used extensively for the detection of viruses in small quantities. however, existing methods are prone to false positive reactions. we report here an improved polymerase chain reaction technique based on the use of longer primers (39 nucleotides) with single-step amplification, applied to the detection of hepatitis a in low quantities. while the sensitivity of this technique (10 x the 50% tissue cultur ... | 1998 | 9606912 |
| follow-up immunogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis a virus vaccine in healthy children: results after 5 years. | long-term persistence of hepatitis a virus (hav) serum antibody in vaccinated children has not been demonstrated in previous studies. to study the long-term immunogenicity to hav vaccine, three doses of strain hm 175 hav vaccine with 360 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay units were administered to 107 children, aged from 1.0 to 6.8 years, at 0, 1, and 6 months. the administration of one vaccine dose induced seropositivity (anti-hav titer > or = 20 miu ml-1) in 95% of all vaccinees at month 1. al ... | 1998 | 9607035 |
| [monoclonal antibodies in human hepatitis a virus immunoenzyme diagnosis]. | antigen and antibody detection in eia is a good tool in diagnosing hav infections, especially in their differentiation from other hepatitides. commercial kits containing polyclonal antibodies and murine mabs to identify hav are now available. rat mabs have not been assayed so far. peroxidase-labelled rat mabs and purified rat mabs as antigen capture were used to modify commercial "vectohep a-igm" and "vectorhep a-ag" kits. the results obtained with modified "vectohep a-igm" and "vectorhep a-ag" ... | 1998 | 9608269 |
| hepatitis a infections in wisconsin: trends in incidence and factors affecting surveillance, 1986-1995. | from january 1986 through december 1995, 4,143 cases of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection were reported in wisconsin. the annual hepatitis a incidence remained stable from 1986 through 1988, with a mean annual rate of 4.7 cases per 100,000 (endemic hav incidence rate). during 1989-1993, the incidence of hav infection increased with a peak in 1992 of 19 cases per 100,000 population. a large foodborne outbreak (1992) and community wide outbreaks among african american residents (1989-1993) and nat ... | 1998 | 9617306 |
| hepatitis a. | 1998 | 9620732 | |
| polymorphisms of the hepatitis a virus cellular receptor 1 in african green monkey kidney cells result in antigenic variants that do not react with protective monoclonal antibody 190/4. | monoclonal antibody (mab) 190/4 blocks binding of hepatitis a virus (hav) to the hav cellular receptor 1 (havcr-1) and protects african green monkey kidney (agmk) clone gl37 cells (gl37 cells) against hav infection. bs-c-1 and cv-1 cells, two widely used agmk cell lines, did not react with mab 190/4 but expressed havcr-1, as judged by western blot analysis. the cdna coding for havcr-1 was amplified from bs-c-1 and cv-1 total cellular rna by reverse transcription-pcr. alignment of the amino acid ... | 1998 | 9621093 |
| [the screening of immune donors in organized collectives]. | use of blood of reconvalescents from infectious diseases along with screening of blood from non-immunized donors permits procuring new sources of immune blood preparations with high content of specific antibodies (keeping strictly to the existing normative-instructional documents on donorship). screening of immune donors in military collective bodies is a worth-while exercise both in medical and organizational respects owing to the contingents being homogeneous in sex, age and physiologic status ... | 1998 | 9621631 |
| [hepatitis a epidemic in heerlen in late 1996, importance of immunization in immigrant children]. | description of a local epidemic of hepatitis a in 1996 in heerlen, the netherlands. | 1998 | 9623099 |
| [the hepatitis a epidemic in heerlen, in 1996; the importance of immunization of migrant children]. | 1998 | 9623193 | |
| the shift in prevalence of hepatitis a immunity in flanders, belgium. | the purpose of this study was to obtain data on the prevalence of hepatitis a in flanders, belgium, in order to analyse any change in the epidemiological pattern of hepatitis a virus (hav) in the region, and to determine at which age pre-vaccination testing would be useful. to meet these goals, a sero-epidemiological survey was conducted: 4058 serum samples were collected from a random sample of the general population in 1993-94. the overall age-standardised prevalence was 51.3%. among non-belgi ... | 1998 | 9629763 |
| two-year review of hepatitis a vaccine safety: data from the vaccine adverse event reporting system (vaers). | 1998 | 9636890 | |
| coding sequences enhance internal initiation of translation by hepatitis a virus rna in vitro. | hepatitis a virus (hav), unlike other picornaviruses, has a slow-growth phenotype in permissive cell lines and in general does not induce host cell cytopathology. although there are no published reports of productive infection of hela cells by hav, hav rna appears to be readily translated in hela cells when transcribed by t7 rna polymerase provided by a recombinant vaccinia virus. the 5' noncoding region of hav was fused to poliovirus (pv) coding sequences to determine the effect on translation ... | 1998 | 9557637 |
| the cys-rich region of hepatitis a virus cellular receptor 1 is required for binding of hepatitis a virus and protective monoclonal antibody 190/4. | the hepatitis a virus cellular receptor 1 (havcr-1) cdna codes for a class i integral membrane glycoprotein, termed havcr-1, of unknown natural function which serves as an african green monkey kidney (agmk) cell receptor for hav. the extracellular domain of havcr-1 has an n-terminal cys-rich region that displays homology with sequences of members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, followed by a thr/ser/pro (tsp)-rich region characteristic of mucin-like o-glycosylated proteins. the havcr-1 glycop ... | 1998 | 9557657 |
| evolution of a common structural core in the internal ribosome entry sites of picornavirus. | the translational control involving internal ribosome binding occurs in poliovirus (pv), human rhinoviruses (hrv), encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), and hepatitis a virus (hav). internal ribosome binding utilizes cis-acting genetic elements of approximately 450 nucleotides (nt) termed the internal ribosome entry sites (ires) found in these picornaviral 5'-untranslated region (5'utr). although these ires elements are quite different in their primary sequence, ... | 1998 | 9562889 |
| the prevalence of hepatitis a antibodies among israeli travellers and the economic feasibility of screening before vaccination. | hepatitis a (ha) is the most common vaccine-preventable disease among travellers. the probability of contracting the disease depends on the endemicity in both the destination and country of origin of the traveller. the introduction of the new highly effective but expensive inactivated ha vaccine necessitates a re-evaluation of ha prevention policy. in highly developed countries all travellers require vaccination. in highly endemic areas the entire population is immune. in israel, ha seroprevalen ... | 1998 | 9563704 |
| characterization of hepatitis g virus (gb-c virus) particles: evidence for a nucleocapsid and expression of sequences upstream of the e1 protein. | hepatitis g virus (hgv or gb-c virus) is a newly described virus that is closely related to hepatitis c virus (hcv). based on sequence analysis and by evaluation of translational initiation codon preferences utilized during in vitro translation, hgv appears to have a truncated or absent core protein at the amino terminus of the hgv polyprotein. consequently, the biophysical properties of hgv may be very different from those of hcv. to characterize hgv particle types, we evaluated plasma from chr ... | 1998 | 9525592 |
| a cytopathogenic, apoptosis-inducing variant of hepatitis a virus. | a cytopathogenic variant of hepatitis a virus (hav(cyt/hb1.1)) was isolated from persistently infected bs-c-1 cells by serial passages in frhk-4 cells. this virus shows a rapid replication pattern and high final titers are obtained, which are main characteristics of cytopathogenic havs. sequencing of the nontranslated regions and the coding regions for 2abc and 3ab revealed that mutations are distributed all over these regions and that certain mutated sites correspond to those in other cytopatho ... | 1998 | 9525664 |
| foodborne outbreaks of hepatitis a in a low endemic country: an emerging problem? | this paper describes 2 outbreaks of hepatitis a infection in finland, a very low endemic area of hepatitis a infection, where a large proportion of the population is now susceptible to infection by hepatitis a virus (hav). the first outbreak involved people attending several schools and day-care centres; the second employees of several bank branches in a different city. the initial investigation revealed that both were related to food distributed widely from separate central kitchens. two separa ... | 1998 | 9528818 |
| [hep-a-in-vac, a russian cultured concentrated inactivated vaccine against hepatitis a]. | the results of the study of the reactogenicity, safety and immunological activity of russian cultural vaccine against hepatitis a are presented. the vaccine was found to have specific safety, moderate reactogenicity and pronounced immunological activity. in addition, the study of the prophylactic efficiency of the vaccine in the pre-epidemic period of the outbreak of hepatitis a morbidity in a group exceeding 14,000 adults was carried out. the study revealed high prophylactic efficiency of the v ... | 1998 | 9532686 |
| evaluation of assays for antibody to hepatitis e virus by a serum panel. hepatitis e virus antibody serum panel evaluation group. | few data are available to evaluate the performance of existing assays for antibody to the hepatitis e virus (anti-hev). a panel of 164 randomized and coded sera was tested for anti-hev by 12 different assays. the panel included a dilution series of an early convalescent human serum, known-positive sera (undiluted human sera obtained 2 months to 13 years after acute hepatitis e, and postinoculation chimpanzee sera), known-negative sera (preinoculation chimpanzee sera; sera from chimpanzees with h ... | 1998 | 9500718 |
| safety and immunogenicity of hepatitis a vaccine in patients with chronic liver disease. | acute hepatitis a superimposed on chronic liver disease (cld) has been associated with severe or fulminant hepatitis. an open, multicenter study was performed to compare the safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis a vaccine in patients with cld with that in healthy subjects. a secondary objective was to compare the safety of the hepatitis a vaccine with that of a commercial hepatitis b vaccine in subjects with chronic hepatitis c. a total of 475 subjects over the age of 18 years we ... | 1998 | 9500723 |
| preventing acute liver disease in patients with chronic liver disease. | 1998 | 9500724 | |
| hepatitis a vaccine: ready for prime time. | two new inactivated hepatitis a vaccines are available that confer long-term protection against infection. they are indicated for pre-exposure prophylaxis in persons older than 2 years of age. for one vaccine preparation, vaqta (merck and co., west point, pa), the recommended schedule for adults is a 1.0-ml (50 u of hepatitis a viral antigen) intramuscular dose initially, followed by a booster dose 6-12 months later. children 2-17 years of age should receive 0.5 ml (25 u of hepatitis a viral ant ... | 1998 | 9491879 |
| a new continuous epitope of hepatitis a virus. | a new continuous epitope of hepatitis a virus (hav) was defined in the vp3 protein. convalescent sera recognised the synthetic peptide 3110-3121 (fwrgdlvfdfqv). the replacement of the arginine, glycine, or aspartic acid at positions 112, 113, or 114, respectively by other amino acids induced the loss of synthetic peptide recognition by human convalescent sera, thereby confirming the presence of an epitope in the original vp3(110-121) sequence. shorter vp3 peptides such as vp3(110-119). vp3(110-1 ... | 1998 | 9496366 |
| should health care workers exposed to hepatitis c routinely receive hepatitis a vaccine? | 1998 | 9438734 | |
| fulminant hepatitis associated with hepatitis a virus superinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis c. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection rarely causes fulminant hepatic failure in people with no underlying liver disease. there are limited data on the course of this infection in patients with chronic hepatitis b and chronic hepatitis c. | 1998 | 9445408 |
| changing epidemiology and prevention of hepatitis a virus infection. | hepatitis a virus infection is a world-wide public health problem and commonly found in many developing countries, especially in areas where the infection pattern is changing from hyperendemic to hypoendemic. due to improvement of living standard, infections during childhood have been deferred towards adulthood. hepatitis a infection in early childhood is usually subclinical, while symptomatic hepatitis a occurs with increasing age. in southeast asia, hepatitis a antibody prevalence had consider ... | 1998 | 9684517 |
| evidence that childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia is associated with an infectious agent linked to hygiene conditions. | the incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all) in children has shown temporal and geographic variation during the 20th century, with higher rates in developed nations appearing in the first half of the century, but with persisting low rates in developing nations. we sought to assess the relation of childhood all with hygiene conditions, an aspect of socioeconomic development affecting rates of exposure to infectious agents. | 1998 | 9684709 |
| reverse transcriptase pcr detection of astrovirus, hepatitis a virus, and poliovirus in experimentally contaminated mussels: comparison of several extraction and concentration methods. | four methods of extraction and three methods of concentration of three enteric viruses from mussels were comparatively evaluated by reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr). shellfish were experimentally contaminated by immersion in seawater seeded with astrovirus, hepatitis a virus, or poliovirus. sixty-gram samples of mussel tissues were processed by using borate buffer, glycine solution, saline beef, and saline beef-freon extraction methods. the viruses were concentrated by precipitation with polye ... | 1998 | 9687488 |
| chromatographic removal and heat inactivation of hepatitis a virus during manufacture of human albumin. | csl limited, an australian biopharmaceutical company, has recently converted its method of manufacture for human albumin from a traditional cohn-ethanol fractionation method to a method employing chromatographic techniques. studies were undertaken to determine the efficiency of the chromatographic and pasteurization steps used in the manufacture of albumex(r) (csl's trade name for albumin) in removing and inactivating the potential viral contaminant, hepatitis a virus (hav). the manufacturing pr ... | 1998 | 9693093 |
| utilization of chimeras between human (hm-175) and simian (agm-27) strains of hepatitis a virus to study the molecular basis of virulence. | chimeras between human (hm-175) and simian (agm-27) strains of hepatitis a virus (hav) were constructed to evaluate the effect of the 2c gene of agm-27 on hav replication in cell culture and virulence in tamarins (saguinus mystax) and chimpanzees (pan troglodytes). kinetic studies and radioimmunofocus assays demonstrated that replacement of the 2c gene of hav/7, a cell culture-adapted strain of hm-175, with that of agm-27 drastically reduced the ability of the virus to replicate in cultured cell ... | 1998 | 9696843 |
| age-specific prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a in children and adolescents from rio de janeiro, brazil, 1978 and 1995. relationship of prevalence to environmental factors. | the age-specific prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) was determined in two different population groups with low socio-economic status from rio de janeiro city, brazil, whose serum samples were collected 17 years apart (population 1, 1978; population 2, 1995). in population 2, analysis of the anti-hav prevalence was also carried out with respect to environmental factors. population 1 was composed of 520 stored sera collected from the umbilical cord of term neonates and childr ... | 1998 | 9698834 |
| outbreak of hepatitis b virus in recent arrivals to the brazilian amazon. | an outbreak of acute hepatitis cases in a small community took place 6 months after the community's arrival to the brazilian amazon. an epidemiological investigation was performed and included residents aged more than two years. study subjects were interviewed and bled to test for hepatitis markers by enzyme immunoassays. around 80% of the village population was surveyed. the overall prevalence of hepatitis b virus (hbv) markers was 75.1% (281/374). the surface antigen of hbv (hbsag) and the igm ... | 1998 | 9700626 |
| polypeptide 3ab of hepatitis a virus is a transmembrane protein. | hepatitis a virus (hav) protein 3ab is a membrane-interacting protein containing a stretch of 21 hydrophobic amino acid residues. the nature of its membrane association was studied in detail by analysing various deletion mutants. in vivo and in vitro expression of the wild-type protein and its mutants allowed to demonstrate that the hydrophobic domain interacts with membranes and to define the portions essential for this feature. furthermore, the results suggest that 3ab behaves as an integral m ... | 1998 | 9705870 |
| virion concentration method for the detection of human enteric viruses in extracts of hard-shelled clams. | a method to extract and concentrate intact human enteric viruses from oyster extracts for detection using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was applied to hard-shelled clams (mercenaria mercenaria). fifty-gram clam samples were processed by an adsorption-elution-precipitation method and then seeded with 10(1) to 10(5) pfu to poliovirus 1 (pv1) and/or hepatitis a virus (hav). seeded viruses in extracts were purified by fluorocarbon (freon) extraction and concentrated by pol ... | 1998 | 9709210 |
| prevalence and transmission of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (human herpesvirus 8) in ugandan children and adolescents. | we studied the seroprevalence and transmission of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv/hhv8), among 215 ugandan children, adolescents and young adults. we measured antibodies to a latent nuclear antigen (lana) and a lytic cycle protein encoded by open reading frame (orf) 65. infection with kshv/hhv8 occurred during early childhood and reached adult levels (approx. 50%) before the age of puberty. in children younger than 12 years of age, antibodies to lana and the orf65 protein were inde ... | 1998 | 9714046 |
| viral pollution in the environment and in shellfish: human adenovirus detection by pcr as an index of human viruses. | a study of the presence of human viruses (adenoviruses, enteroviruses, and hepatitis a viruses [havs]) in environmental and shellfish samples was carried out by applying dna and cdna amplification techniques by pcr. the detection of human adenoviruses by pcr was also examined as a potential molecular test to monitor viral pollution. the samples studied were urban and slaughterhouse sewage, river water, seawater, and shellfish. enteroviruses were quantified by pfu in buffalo green monkey kidney c ... | 1998 | 9726885 |
| [practical considerations of immunoprophylaxis in viral hepatitis]. | hepatitis virus infections belong to the major etiological factors of both acute and chronic liver diseases. during the last years--apart from the passive immunoprophylaxis through the administration of immunoglobulin--safe and efficacious hepatitis vaccines (against hepatitis a and b viruses) has also became available in hungary. in this review the authors focus on the practical considerations of the immunoprophylaxis of hepatitis viruses. general consensus concerning the clinical use of hepati ... | 1998 | 9729677 |
| prolonged nosocomial outbreak of hepatitis a arising from an alcoholic with pneumonia. | from april to june 1996, an outbreak of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection affecting 15 nurses, patients and household contacts occurred in the department of internal medicine at aker university hospital, oslo. the index case was a homeless alcoholic who was hospitalized in march 1996 with pneumonia while simultaneously incubating hav infection. four secondary cases were infected by the index case, while another 10 cases were caused by a continuous spread of infection within the department during ... | 1998 | 9730295 |
| oral lichen planus and hcv infection: a clinical evaluation of 263 cases. | hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection induces variable dermatologic manifestations. our purpose was to determine whether there is an association between hcv infection and oral lichen planus (olp). | 1998 | 9732000 |
| trans-encapsidation of a poliovirus replicon by different picornavirus capsid proteins. | a trans-encapsidation assay was established to study the specificity of picornavirus rna encapsidation. a poliovirus replicon with the luciferase gene replacing the capsid protein-coding region was coexpressed in transfected hela cells with capsid proteins from homologous or heterologous virus. successful trans-encapsidation resulted in assembly and production of virions whose replication, upon subsequent infection of hela cells, was accompanied by expression of luciferase activity. the amount o ... | 1998 | 9733835 |
| processing of proteinase precursors and their effect on hepatitis a virus particle formation. | proteolytic processing of the picornaviral polyprotein mediated by the differential action of virus-encoded proteinase(s) is pivotal to both rna genome replication and capsid formation. possibly to enlarge the array of viral proteins, picornaviral polyprotein processing results in intermediate and mature products which apparently have distinct functions within the viral life cycle. for hepatitis a virus (hav), we report here on the autoproteolysis of precursor polypeptides comprising the only vi ... | 1998 | 9733840 |
| [viral contamination of food products: a poorly understood public health problem]. | throughout the world there have been several epidemics of food-borne diseases (fbd) about which there is lack of sufficient information for public health institutions to take appropriate measures. this study was conducted for the purpose of contributing to the dissemination of information on these diseases and their etiologic agents, epidemiology, and control. the study was based on data from 61 sources, including review articles, reports of outbreaks, and databases. results reveal considerable ... | 1998 | 9734216 |
| the distance between the 3'-pyrimidine-rich tract and the aug codon modulates internal initiation of translation of hepatitis a virus rna. | protein synthesis directed by hepatitis a virus (hav) rna is mediated by a mechanism involving the recognition of internal sequences. two in-frame aug codons initiate the long open reading frame (positions 734-736 and 740-742). the extra-cistronic region extending between the uncapped 5'-end and the orf contains two pyrimidine-rich tracts (prts): one 12 nucleotides in length in the close vicinity of the initiator aug, and a longer one between bases 94 and 140. in order to study the relative cont ... | 1998 | 9738441 |
| hepatitis in pregnancy. | currently, six distinct types of hepatitis virus have been identified: a, b, c, d, e, and g. hepatitis a virus infection does not cause a chronic carrier state, and perinatal transmission is extremely uncommon. hepatitis b can be transmitted perinatally, but immunization of the newborn with hepatitis b immune globulin and hepatitis b vaccine markedly reduces the risk of neonatal infection. hepatitis d virus is dependent on coinfection with the hepatitis b virus for replication. immunoprophylaxis ... | 1998 | 9738992 |
| [hepatitis a prevention by vaccination]. | 1998 | 9739348 | |
| serological markers of hepatitis a, b and c in first year student nurses. | to know the prevalence of serological markers of hepatitis a, b and c virus in first year student nurses. | 1998 | 9741205 |
| serostatus for vaccine-preventable diseases in residents at melbourne juvenile justice centre. | there are concerns in australia about inadequate rates of childhood immunisation, an important preventive measure to reduce infectious diseases. the population passing through the melbourne juvenile justice centre (mjjc) comes from a background at high risk for inadequate immunisation and outbreaks can occur in residential institutions. mjjc residents were invited to participate in a study by completing a medical officer-administered risk behaviour questionnaire and/or giving a blood sample. nin ... | 1998 | 9744212 |
| transfusion virology: progress and challenges. | discoveries of new human viruses and new technologies for their detection have made, and will continue to make, major contributions to the safety of blood transfusion. this article discusses the practical issues involved in the implementation of additional serological screening tests for viruses such as human t-lymphotropic virus, and reviews current information on the prevalence and pathogenicity of more recently discovered viruses, such as hepatitis g virus (hgv) or gb virus-c (gbv-c) and huma ... | 1998 | 9745887 |
| prevalence and determinants of hepatitis a virus exposure among prison entrants in queensland, australia: implications for public health control. | in september 1997, a multicentre outbreak of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection occurred in the queensland prison system following a prolonged community-based hav epidemic among illicit drug users. as part of the public health response, a cross-sectional survey was undertaken to estimate the sero-prevalence of, and identify the determinants for, recent and past hav infection among the incoming male prisoner population. exposure data were collected through face-to-face interviews with 214 consenti ... | 1998 | 9751015 |
| seroprevalence of viral hepatitis in tanzanian adults. | in a cross-sectional study in dar es salaam, tanzania, we determined the seroprevalence of markers for hepatitis a, b, c and e viruses and examined associated risk markers. among 403 healthy adults, the seroprevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a virus was 99.0% (95% confidence interval: 97.5-99.7). prior exposure to hepatitis c and e viruses was rare (hepatitis c: 0.7% (0.2-2.1); hepatitis e: 0.2% (< 0.1-1.4)). the prevalence of all markers of hepatitis b was 70.7% (66.0-75.1). hepatitis b surf ... | 1998 | 9754673 |
| gallbladder and pancreatic involvement in hepatitis a. | gallbladder (gb) abnormalities are rarely reported in children, but involvement of the gb has been demonstrated in various inflammatory disorders. thirty-nine children hospitalized with hepatitis a virus infection were evaluated by ultrasound. pseudosurgical gallbladder wall of 10 mm or more with striation was found in 10. pathological echographic findings were found in the pancreas of three patients, one with frank pancreatitis. ascitic fluid was noted in eight. pediatricians and pediatric surg ... | 1998 | 9754776 |
| a new and simple method for concentration of enteric viruses from water. | a new type of electropositive filter media particle was tested to adsorb bacteriophage f2 and enteric viruses from tap water. 3 x nutrient broth (ph 7.2) was used to elute the adsorbed viruses, and the eluate was reconcentrated by polyethylene glycol (mw 6000) precipitation with a final concentration of 10% (wt./vol.). the adsorption of bacteriophage was reliable and efficient, and not affected by the ph value, temperature, turbidity and organic materials in water. this method gave a recovery of ... | 1998 | 9763133 |
| a case of vertical transmission of hepatitis a virus infection. | we present a case of hepatitis a infection in a 2.5-month-old male who became icteric after 18 d of birth. the diagnosis of hepatitis a was made by compatible clinical symptoms, laboratory results and liver biopsy showing evidence of hepatitis, and confirmed by detection of anti-hav igm antibodies. because the mother had an acute icteric hepatitis a 1 week before delivery, and the viraemic phase of hepatitis a infection is very short, approximately 7 d, we suggest that the infant was infected by ... | 1998 | 9764900 |