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effect of sublethal doses of three pesticides on the ovary of a carp minnow rasbora daniconius. 19902265274
the crystal structure of silver carp insulin at medium resolution.it is an important way of surveying the structure-function relationship of insulin to study insulins from different species. based on the structure model of an orthorhombic crystal obtained by the molecular replacement method, the crystallographic refinement of a hexamer of silver carp insulin in an asymmetric unit has been carried out with 2.8 a resolution data using the restrained least-squares method. the comparisons of insulin structures have shown that the six silver carp insulin molecules ...19912021422
purification and properties of neutral beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase from carp blood.a neutral beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase has been purified to homogeneity from carp blood by a seven-step procedure. it was localized in the cytosol of red blood cells. the purified enzyme was specific to beta-n-acetylglucosaminide and inactive to beta-n-acetylgalactosaminide. it was competitively inhibited by free n-acetylglucosamine, but not by free n-acetylgalactosamine. the optimum ph of the enzyme was 6.5, with a stable ph range of 7.0 to 11.0. the enzyme showed greater heat-lability and anod ...19912043684
development of a homologous radioimmunoassay for eel prolactin.a highly specific and homologous radioimmunoassay (ria) for the measurement of prolactin (prl) in the plasma and the pituitary of the eel was developed using a rabbit antiserum to eel prl. prl was purified from the pituitary of japanese eel (anguilla japonica). pituitary extracts and plasma from the japanese and european eels exhibited displacement curves parallel to the eel prl standard. plasma and pituitary extracts from chum salmon, rainbow trout, japanese charr, tilapia, goldfish, and carp, ...19912055440
evidence for glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchoring of intralumenal alkaline phosphatase of the calf intestine.1. considerable amounts of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (ap) were found intralumenally in all animal species investigated, i.e. calf, pig, goat, rat, mouse, guinea pig, hen and carp. the ratios between the total activity of ap found intralumenally and the total intestinal activity vary considerably. calves and pigs show the highest, i.e. 0.77 and 0.44, respectively, while rodents have much lower ratios. only 20-34% of the intralumenal alkaline phosphatase (iap) of the calf and pig is soluble ...19911649047
corticostatic peptides.in the last four years corticostatic (anti-acth) peptides have been isolated from human, rabbit, guinea pig and rat tissues. these peptides do not act via the camp cell signalling system but rather via the inhibition of the binding of acth to its receptor most probably through direct competition with the 14-18 sequence of acth for receptor binding. acth has specific high affinity receptors on adrenal cells but rabbit corticostatin i (csi) has high capacity, low affinity receptors which are compe ...19911659879
[the spherical theory of color perception: its verification by the methods of psychophysics and neurophysiology].in the paper data of experimental verification of "spherical theory of perception" (e. n. sokolov) are summed on the material of colour perception study. the results of psychophysical experiments with subjects having different forms of colour perception (normal trichromats, colour anomalies) and neurophysiological experiments on animals (carp) are considered within single psychophysiological system--spherical model of colour discrimination. neuron-like elements of the model reflect the activity ...19911660642
histochemical and immunocytochemical identification of the pituitary cell types in three sciaenid fishes: atlantic croaker (micropogonias undulatus), spotted seatrout (cynoscion nebulosus), and red drum (sciaenops ocellatus).the adenohypophysial cell types in three species of sciaenid teleosts were identified using a combination of classical histochemical techniques and immunocytochemistry with antisera raised against piscine and human pituitary hormones. in general greater specificity for the different cell types was observed with antisera to the piscine pituitary hormones than with antisera raised against the human hormones. the distribution of the cell types did not differ significantly among the three species, a ...19911667000
regenerative sodium and calcium currents in goldfish retinal ganglion cell somata.whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were made from isolated goldfish retinal ganglion cell somata. sodium- and calcium-dependent action potentials--blocked with tetrodotoxin (ttx) and co2+ ions, respectively--were evoked under current-clamp. depolarization of these somata under voltage clamp activated distinguishable na+ and ca2+ conductances: the former was permeable to na+, blocked by ttx, impermeable to n-methyl-d-glucamine and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, and began to activate around -45 m ...19911668863
presence of prolactin receptors in eel liver and carp kidney and growth hormone receptor in eel liver.1. 125i-labelled ovine prolactin and bovine growth hormone were used to test for the presence of prolactin and growth hormone receptors in membrane prepared from tissues of the white eel anguilla japonica, the carp ctenopharynogodon idellus and the ricefield eel monopterus albus. 2. high levels of specific 125i-labelled ovine prolactin binding were found in white eel liver membranes and carp kidney membranes. 3. high levels of specific 125i-labelled bovine growth hormone binding were detected in ...19911678335
injection of rna from carp retina induces the formation of a membrane potassium channel in xenopus oocytes.total rna was purified from freshly isolated retinas of adult carp and injected into oocytes of xenopus laevis (stages 5-6). two to six days after injection, depolarizing voltage-clamp steps evoked a slowly activated outward current as large as 3 microa. this current inactivated slowly with a single time constant (tau = 3.1 +/- 0.24 s.e.m., for vm = +30 mv). the current was inhibited by tetraethylammonium (3.8 mm for half-maximal inhibition). in the presence of co2+ (1 mm) or barium methanesulfo ...19911709045
molecular location of a species-specific epitope on the hamster scrapie agent protein.scrapie is a transmissible neurodegenerative disease of sheep and goats. an abnormal host protein, sp33-37, is the major protein component of the scrapie agent and the only known disease- or agent-specific macromolecule. two monoclonal antibodies (mabs), 4h8 (immunoglobulin g2b [igg2b]) and 6b11 (igg1), produced by immunizing mice with the intact hamster 263k scrapie agent protein, sp33-37ha, were found to have species specificity similar to that reported previously for mab 3f4 (igg2a), which wa ...19911710287
riboflavin carrier protein from carp (c. carpio) eggs: comparison with avian riboflavin carrier protein.a protein exhibiting immunological cross-reactivity with the chicken egg-white riboflavin carrier protein was detected by radioimmunoassay in the eggs and serum of the fresh water fish cyprinus carpio and subsequently purified to homogeneity by use of affinity chromatography. fish riboflavin carrier protein resembled chicken riboflavin carrier protein with respect to most of its physicochemical characteristics. the major epitopes of chicken riboflavin carrier protein were shown to be conserved i ...19911713763
an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for myelin basic protein-specific protein methylase i.a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) has been developed to determine myelin basic protein (mbp)-specific protein methylase i. rabbit immunoglobulin anti-bovine mbp-specific protein methylase i, purified by sepharose-a affinity chromatography, was utilized as the primary antibodies, while the same antibodies which had been conjugated to peroxidase were employed as the indicator antibodies. this assay method was about 280 times more sensitive than the conventional trichloracetic ac ...19911715496
plasmodium falciparum reinfection in children from a holoendemic area in relation to seroreactivities against oligopeptides from different malaria antigens.the rate and densities of plasmodium falciparum reinfections were investigated in children five to 14 years old from one village in tanzania with a high transmission rate. initial parasitemias were eradicated by a curative treatment with quinine, a drug with a short elimination half-life, to minimize the effects of residual drug on reinfection. the seroreactivities to seven oligopeptides, representing t and b cell epitopes from the ring erythrocyte surface antigen (pf155/resa), the clustered arg ...19911718179
glial fibrillary acidic protein in the fish optic nerve.the intermediate filament glial fibrillary acidic protein (gfap) is the predominant cytoskeletal protein of mature glial cells in the mammalian nervous system. the nervous systems of lower vertebrates, such as fish, have been examined for the presence of gfap and several investigators have shown that goldfish (carassius auratus) brain contains gfap-positive astrocytes. the same studies have demonstrated that, in contrast to the brain, the optic nerve of goldfish did not show any gfap immunoreact ...19911718861
epitopes of the plasmodium falciparum clustered-asparagine-rich protein (carp) recognized by human t-cells and antibodies.linear b- and t-cell epitopes have been identified in the plasmodium falciparum clustered-asparagine-rich-protein (carp). twenty-six synthetic peptides, 15-25 amino acids in length, were assayed for their ability to stimulate purified, human t-cells primed to p.falciparum by natural infection to proliferate and/or secrete gamma-interferon (ifn gamma). the plasma of malaria exposed individuals were tested for antibody reactivity with peptides coupled to bovine serum albumin in a semiquantitative ...19911725821
purification and characterization of a calsequestrin-like calcium-binding protein from carp (cyprinus carpio) sarcoplasmic reticulum.1. a calsequestrin-like calcium-binding protein was purified from carp sarcoplasmic reticulum by column chromatographies using deae-cellulose and butyl-toyopearl 650s. 2. the mol. wt was estimated to be 50 kda, which was larger than that of rabbit calsequestrin (42 kda). 3. carp calsequestrin-like protein bound ca2+ with a higher affinity (apparent kd = 400 microm) and lower capacity (25 mol/mol) compared with rabbit calsequestrin (1 mm and 40-50 mol/mol, respectively). 4. anti-carp calsequestri ...19911769203
effect of proteases on the activity of enolase from muscle of carp (cyprinus carpio) and pig.the treatment of enolase from pig and carp (cyprinus carpio) with proteases resulted in a decrease of enzymatic activity, which depended on the kind of protease used. the most active were trypsin and subtilisin. substrate and magnesium ions protected enolase against inactivation. the enolase from pig muscle was much more resistant to protease action than this enzyme from carp muscle. some differences in the structure between the two enolases are suggested.19911796695
development of khawia sinensis hsü, 1935 (cestoda: caryophyllidea) in the fish host.the development of the tapeworm khawia sinensis has been observed up to the stage of sexually mature parasites releasing eggs in an experimentally infected definitive host (cyprinus carpio) at 15-16 degrees c. juvenile, maturing, adult and gravid tapeworms were found 2-12, 19-24, 36-62, and 78-91 days post infection, respectively. no apparent size difference between tapeworms from carp kept at 20-22 degrees c, examined 1-16 days post infection, and those from 15-16 degrees c was observed. in nat ...19911808032
[elaboration of a dried-salted and smoked product using aquaculture species].the purpose of this work was to adapt the procedure developed at the instituto nacional de la nutrición salvador zubirán (innsz) for the conservation of the sardine to aquaculture species such as carp (ciprinus carpio) and tilapia (tilapia sp). the mixtures were designed on the basis of the chemical score method. the preparation of the patties included different fish presentations, and two methods were evaluated in order to obtain fish pulp. in the formulation of the final product, defatted soy, ...19911824516
[trematodiases in tataria].high opisthorchiasis morbidity among local population and domestic animals was recorded in 1966 in alekseevskiĭ district of tataria. repeated screenings performed in 1989 revealed besides the above disease cases of pseudoamphistomiasis. 183 subjects have been examined, 90 of them (40.9%) revealed hepatobiliary system damages. bile analysis performed in 61 patients revealed lambliasis in 1 case, opisthorchiasis in 3 cases and pseudoamphistomiasis in 31 cases. metacercaria of the above trematode w ...19911829788
carp erythrodermatitis (ce) due to an aeromonas hydrophila infection. casuistic and experimental results.in november 1987 high losses of carp (cyprinus carpio) with the main symptom of skin ulcera were observed in a farm in northern greece. sixty-six isolates of bacteria, characterized mainly as aeromonas hydrophila or pseudomonas spp. could be isolated from lesions of diseased fish. transmission experiments with these isolates using mirror carp showed that aeromonas hydrophila strains induced identical clinical and pathological pictures after intra- or subcutaneous injection. extracts of these aer ...19911830440
identification of immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide in bulbus arteriosus of freshwater teleostean fish.1. the presence and partial characterization of immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide (ir-anp) in the bulbus arteriosus were investigated using high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and radioimmunoassay (ria) in several freshwater teleostean fish (catfish, silver crusian carp, snakehead, and rice eel). 2. the level of ir-anp in the bulbus arteriosus was comparable with that in the atria at about 5-15 pg/mg, 6-13 pg/mg wet wt, respectively, but was 2-4-fold higher than that in the ven ...19911839978
studies on rod horizontal cell s-potential in dependence of the dark/light adapted state: a comparative study in cyprinus carpio and scyliorhinus canicula retinas.changes in light sensitivity, response time-course and electrical coupling of rod driven horizontal cells (rhc) were examined in the dark and light adapted states by intracellular recording. comparative analyses were made of two fishes from different photic environments. rhc of cyprinus carpio and external horizontal cells (ehc) of scyliorhinus canicula retinas showed similar changes of their electrical responses to light stimuli when the dark-adapted retina was light-adapted: a decrease in sens ...19911843752
calcium channels from cyprinus carpio skeletal muscle.the complete amino acid sequence of the l-type calcium channel alpha 1 subunit from the carp (cyprinus carpio) white skeletal muscle was deduced by cdna cloning and sequence analysis. the open reading frame encodes 1852 amino acids (mr 210,060). a 155-amino acid cooh-terminal sequence (after the fourth internal repeat) is evolutionarily preserved (90% homology) and may represent an important functional domain of l-type calcium channels. the photolabeled, membrane-bound, and purified carp alpha 1 ...19911846962
[the immunological status of cyprinus carpio l. in experimental mycotoxicosis].some humoral factors of nonspecific resistance have been determined in carp yearlings in 28 days after intraperitoneal administration of fungi culture filtrate (i), conidia (ii), micellar extract (iii) of the fungus aspergillus fumigatus fres., physiological solution (control). the toxicogenic and immunogenic effect of the fungus has been shown in i and ii variants of the experiment respectively. the injection of fungus micella did not have any influence on the studied factors. the account of sp ...19911859857
absorption of bioactive human growth hormone after oral administration in the common carp (cyprinus carpio) and its enhancement by deoxycholate.recombinant human growth hormone was administered orally to carp and serum levels of absorbed bioactive hormone were investigated using a highly sensitive nb2 rat lymphoma cell bioassay and radioimmunoassay. serum levels of bioactive hgh reached maximum values 30 min after oral intubation and then gradually decreased. co-administration of the hormone with deoxycholate to fasted carp resulted in up to a 1000-fold increase in absorption compared to aqueous solutions of the hormone, but had no effe ...19911869695
effects of organophosphorus insecticides: effects of trichlorfon and dichlorvos on the immune response of carp (cyprinus carpio). iii. in vitro effects on lymphocyte proliferation and phagocytosis and in vivo effects on humoral response.cells isolated from the pronephros of carp were incubated in vitro with the organophosphorus insecticide trichlorfon or dichlorvos, each of which is used in aquaculture to eliminate fish ectoparasites. dose-dependent suppressive effects were observed in assays for lymphocyte proliferation and myeloid cell respiratory burst activities. dichlorvos given by bath in vivo did not affect antibody production against yersinia ruckeri even if the spleen and kidney were obviously contaminated according to ...19911914997
[contamination of fish tissue cell cultures by mycoplasma].the inoculated and primary cell cultures of fish (carp, salmon, and sturgeon) have been studied. acholeplasma typed as a. laidlawii in terms of its biochemical properties shown in inhibited metabolism has been isolated from 19 samples. the authors consider the source of acholeplasma-induced contamination of the cell cultures under study.19911927041
goussia carpelli (apicomplexa, eimeriorina) from cyprinid fish: field observations and infection experiments.intestinal tissue samples of 9 cyprinid and gobiid fish species from several hatcheries and ponds in south bohemia were found to harbour goussia carpelli-like coccidian oocysts. furthermore, laboratory transmission of goussia carpelli, obtained from common carp, was attempted to 9 cyprinid fish species, both laboratory reared and obtained from pond environments. infection experiments, carried out by fecal contamination (direct transmission) and by using tubificid oligochaetes as paratenic hosts ...19911928799
insulin-like growth factor i-like immunoreactivity in serum and tissues of the tilapia, oreochromis mossambicus.tilapia serum was acidified with 0.5 m hcl and then chromatographed on an octadecasily-silica column. after washing with 4% acetic acid, the column was eluted with methanol. the eluate was evaporated to dryness. the sample cross-reacted in a human insulin-like growth factor i (igf-i) radioimmunoassay, suggesting immunochemical similarity to human igf-i. igf-i-like immunoreactivity was present at high levels in tilapia liver. other tissues containing igf-i-like immunoreactivity included the gonad ...19911930252
on the dissemination of two far east monogenean parasites (dactylogyrus achmerovi gussev, 1955 and gyrodactylus kherulensis ergens, 1974, of carp (cyprinus carpio l.)) in czechoslovakia. 19911937271
early development of khawia sinensis hsü, 1935 (cestoda: caryophyllidea), a carp parasite.the development of the tapeworm khawia sinensis parasitizing carp (cyprinus carpio l.) has been studied from the release of cestode eggs into water to the formation of infective procercoids in the intermediate host under laboratory conditions. the rate of embryonal development is greatly influenced by the water temperature. while at 5 degrees c the development of oncospheres was not recorded, at 10-12 degrees c, 15 degrees c, 20-22 degrees c, and 23-24 degrees c oncospheres were fully formed aft ...19911937272
retinal morphology of cyprinid fishes: a quantitative histological study of ontogenetic changes and interspecific variation.morphological patterns of the retina, cone size and density, rod density, rod-cone ratio, ganglion cell density, convergence of receptor cells, resolving power (rp) and regionalization were examined throughout life history in roach and in adults of asp, bream, common carp, roach and sabre carp. the retina of hatchlings is packed with small cones. during larval and juvenile growth the retina stretches, cones increase in diameter and rods are present in increasing numbers. photopic and scotopic se ...19911843750
gene transfer in common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) by microinjection into the germinal disc.we report here on the microinjection of the human growth hormone gene (hgh) into the germinal disc of common carp one-cell embryos. for microinjection, a linear 4.1 kb ecori-dna fragment containing the mouse metallothionein-i promoter (mmt-i), fused to a structural gene coding for the hgh, was used. of the 14 injected embryos, 9 developed to an age of 60 d. of these nine fish, two were found to be transgenic and had integrated two to four copies per cell of the hgh construct.199116726931
biocytin: intracellular staining, dye-coupling and immunocytochemistry in carp retina.correlation of electrophysiological and morphological, including ultrastructural, characteristics of neurones is important for understanding the functional organization of neuronal systems. further correlation with neurotransmitter content is essential for determining the neurochemical(s) used by a given neurone for propagating its signal. the two main neuronal markers presently available (lucifer yellow and horseradish peroxidase) are not satisfactory for correlating all three aspects. we have ...19911724386
population study of horizontal cells in live carp retinas using microinjections of horseradish peroxidase.in order to randomly sample horizontal cells (hcs) of carp retina, horseradish peroxidase (hrp) was delivered into axon terminals by means of vitreally inserted micropipettes in live fish. survival time was extended to several hours to permit label diffusion into hc somata. a function measuring the relative complexity of cell contours was defined in order to help classify hcs according to their morphological types. the histogram of measurement from 313 hcs showed three modes fitting normal distr ...19911891806
effects of 17 beta-estradiol and carp gonadotropin on vitellogenesis in normal and hypophysectomized european silver female eel (anguilla anguilla l.) employing a homologous radioimmunoassay for vitellogenin.the european silver eels are at the early stages of vitellogenesis before the marine reproductive migration. vitellogenesis was induced by 17 beta-estradiol (e2) alone and by a purified carp gonadotropin (cgth). we studied and compared their effects on plasma vitellogenin (vg) levels and ovarian yolk contents in female normal (n) and hypophysectomized (h) eels for both treatments. to this purpose an homologous radioimmunoassay (ria) was established. eel vg was purified to homogeneity on 0.1% sds ...19911783271
comparative study of acetylcholine synthesis in organs of freshwater teleosts.the activity of acetylcholine (ach) synthesizing enzyme, choline acetyltransferase (chat), and the content of ach were determined in the brain, heart, red trunk muscle and midgut of 12 freshwater teleost species belonging to eight families: carp (cyprinus carpio), tench (tinca tinca), silver carp (hypophthalmichtys molitrix), bighead (hypophthalmichtys nobilis), wels (silurus glanis), cat fish (ictalurus nebulosus), eel (anguilla anguilla), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), pike (esox lucius) ...199124214667
in vitro study on the impact of fish sera on the survival and fine structure of the eel-pathogenic acanthocephalan paratenuisentis ambiguus.the effects of fish sera on the growth and fine structure of infective larvae of the eel-pathogenic acanthocephalan paratenuisentis ambiguus (eoacanthocephala: tenuisentidae) were studied under in vitro conditions using sera from the final host anguilla anguilla and from two accidental fish hosts as well as fetal calf serum. as controls larvae were also kept in medium in the absence of serum and in experimentally infected eels. sera from the accidental fish hosts carp and rainbow trout exerted t ...19911805215
the adenosine receptor blocker aminophylline increases anoxic ethanol excretion in crucian carp.by depressing energy consumption, anoxia-tolerant animals are thought to compensate for a reduced ability to produce energy during anoxia. adenosine is an inhibitory neuromodulator in vertebrates and, hence, has the potential ability to depress energy consumption. ethanol is the main metabolic end product in anoxic carassius, and the present study shows that the rate of ethanol excretion in anoxic crucian carp (carassius carassius l.) can be increased threefold by treatment with the adenosine re ...19911928423
investigations into the effects of concentration and duration of exposure to formalin and malachite green on the survival of the larvae and juveniles of the common carp cyprinus carpio l. and the sharptooth catfish clarias gariepinus (burchell).prophylactic dip treatments using formalin and malachite green were applied to 4-day old larvae and 12- and 20-day old juveniles of the european common carp, cyprinus carpio and the african sharptooth catfish, clarias gariepinus. treatments consisted of 100 mg/l malachite green for exposure periods of 10, 30 or 90 s and 200 mg/l formalin, administered for 30, 60 or 90 min. larvae and juveniles of c. gariepinus could be treated with 100 mg/l malachite green for 10 s, or with 200 mg/l formalin for ...19911780124
treatment of cyprinus carpio l. and clarias gariepinus (burchell) embryos with formalin and malachite green: effect of concentration and length of treatment on their survival.malachite green and formalin were investigated as prophylactic dip treatments for developing embryos of cyprinus carpio and clarias gariepinus. based on the findings, recommendations are made on the respective concentrations to be used and exposure periods to be followed for both formalin and malachite green for both fish species.19911780123
immunoreactive endothelin in plasma of nonmammalian vertebrates.immunoreactive endothelin (ir-et) was estimated in plasma of nonmammalian vertebrates, using radioimmunoassay (ria) for endothelin-1 (et-1). blood samples were collected from unanesthetized animals. plasma et was determined by ria after extraction. plasma levels of ir-et were 0.7 +/- 0.2 pg/ml (n = 6) in the hagfish eptatretus burgeri, 4.3 +/- 0.9 pg/ml (n = 5) in the banded dogfish triakis scyllia, 3.6 +/- 0.8 pg/ml (n = 3) in the common japanese conger conger myriaster, 9.6 +/- 1.4 pg/ml (n = ...19911725396
inhibition of mg2+ and na(+)-k+ atpases in selected tissues of fish, cyprinus carpio under fenvalerate toxicity.the changes in the magnesium adenosine triphosphatase (mg2+ atpase) and sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (na(+)-k+ atpase) in gill, brain, liver and muscle tissues of freshwater fish, cyprinus carpio at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hr exposure periods were studied after subjecting to sublethal concentration (10 micrograms/lit) of fenvalerate. mg2+ atpase and na(+)-k+ atpase activities were inhibited in all the tissues of fenvalerate exposed fish. the per cent inhibition increased with increase in t ...19911651727
cloning and characterization of the carp prolactin gene.a carp genomic dna clone containing the carp prolactin (prl) gene was isolated with carp prl cdna as a probe. the organization of the carp prl gene was determined by restriction nuclease mapping and nucleotide sequencing. the prl gene comprises approx. 2.8 kilobasepairs (kb) of dna including the 5'-flanking region, five exons, four introns and the 3'-flanking region. analysis of the 5'-flanking region reveals (1) the sequence tatataat at positions -38 to -31 upstream from the cap site which was ...19912001405
infection of the heart in carp caused by myxobolus dogieli (myxosporea, myxobolidae).myxobolus dogieli infecting the heart muscles of carp was noted in a cage fishfarm situated in the upper volga river. prevalence of infection of two summer old fishes in different cages was 10-20%. some of the fishes perished. one summer old carps had a lower infection. the disease takes place when the thermal efflusences of power stations are used.19912039093
myofilament overlap in swimming carp. ii. sarcomere length changes during swimming.this study was performed to determine myofilament overlap during swimming in carp. by using frozen sections, we found that sarcomere lengths of the red and white muscle could be related to the curvature of the backbone. sarcomere length (sl) during swimming was calculated from an analysis of backbone curvature in high-speed motion pictures. because carp have the same myofilament lengths as frogs, we related force generation to sl using the frog sl-tension curve. at slow swimming speeds, the red ...19911996612
myofilament overlap in swimming carp. i. myofilament lengths of red and white muscle.to assess myofilament overlap during locomotion, we estimated the length of myosin and actin filaments in axial red and white muscle of carp. myosin filament lengths were 1.52 +/- 0.009 and 1.50 +/- 0.037 micron (means +/- sd) in the red and white muscle, respectively, as measured from thin sections. after correction for shrinkage (using the troponin-based 385-a axial periodicity), thin filaments were 0.96 +/- 0.009 and 0.97 +/- 0.023 micron in the red and white muscles, respectively. filaments ...19911996611
metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene and (-)-trans-benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol by freshly isolated hepatocytes from mirror carp.the metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene (b[a]p) and (-)-trans-benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol [(-)-b[a]p-7,8-diol], a major putative proximate carcinogenic metabolite of b[a]p, was compared in freshly isolated hepatocytes from mirror carp, a strain of common carp (cyprinus carpio, l.). hepatocytes incubated with 40 microm [3h]b[a]p produced 1.22 nmol equivalents of b[a]p metabolites/mg dry wt of cells/h. conjugated derivatives represented approximately 65% of all b[a]p metabolites and included glucuroni ...19911995182
the role of tubificid worms as an intermediate host in the life cycle of myxobolus pavlovskii (akhmerov, 1954).myxobolus pavlovskii from the gills of silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) were used in attempts to transmit the infection under laboratory conditions. spores of m. pavlovskii were placed in aquaria that contained sterilized sand and had been filled with tap water at 15-16 degrees c. furthermore, oligochaetes (90% tubifex tubifex) were added and examined by wet mounts and histology. hexactinomyxon spores developed after about 3 months only in t. tubifex that had been exposed to m. pavlovsk ...19911805209
conductance-decreasing synaptic mechanisms mediating cone input to h1 horizontal cells in carp retina. 19911798613
dendritic contacts between neighboring homologous amacrine cells in carp retina. 19911798608
physicochemical characterization of industrial effluents and their effect on fish survival.water samples taken from selected industrial drainages and receiving streams in and around islamabad, pakistan, during the summers of 1987 to 1990 showed disturbances in ph and low oxygen levels. selected metals (fe, pb, zn, cd, cu, ni, hg) were higher in all effluents than in receiving waters. static bioassays of the undiluted industrial effluents from three sites caused 100% mortality in carp during the first 24 hrs. fishes also suffered 30 to 60% mortality when exposed to other undiluted indu ...19911779125
the use of the carp retina in neurobiology: its uniqueness and application for neural network analyses of the inner retina. 19911758963
voltage clamp study of electrophysiologically-identified horizontal cells in carp retina.passive membrane properties and electromotive force of light modulated currents of l-, r/g-type and rod-driven horizontal cells were studied by voltage-clamp using double-barrelled micro-electrodes whilst perfusing with 5 microm dopamine to uncouple the gap junctions. input impedances of horizontal cells in darkness were 31 +/- 1.4 m omega (mean +/- se, n = 63); the resting potentials were -37 +/- 1.3 mv. current-voltage relationships had regions of both inward and outward rectification and a re ...19911726897
a variety of mytilus inhibitory peptides in the abrm of mytilus edulis: isolation and characterization.1. five species of mytilus inhibitory peptides, mip1-5, were isolated from acetone extracts of the anterior byssus retractor muscle (abrm) of mytilus edulis. mip1 and mip2 were shown to be s2-mip and a2-mip, respectively, first isolated from the pedal ganglia of the animal. 2. all the five peptides had a common c-terminal structure of -pro-xaa-phe-val-nh2, which was shown to be important for their biological activity. 3. the five mips showed similar inhibitory effects on contractions of the abrm ...19911687551
physiological response of the fish, cyprinus carpio, to formalin exposure--i. effects of formalin on urine flow, heart rate, respiration.1. carp were exposed to 280 ppm formalin. haematocrit and plasma glucose and lactic acid increased. in moribund fish, blood ph was remarkably lower and plasma protein increased. 2. when exposed to formalin, heart rate (hr) and respiration increased briefly, and then decreased. 3. some fish increased urine flow (uf) immediately and maintained higher values for a while, followed by gradual decrease, and others decreased uf consistently. uf stopped at 30 min or longer prior to fish death. urine osm ...19911687535
mode of action of the molluscicide bromoacetamide.1. uptake of bromoacetamide was found to be upgraded with exposure time (6, 12, 24 hr) and drug concentration (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 ppm). 2. bromoacetamide was also absorbed by carp and mice, but drug concentration was markedly lower than in snails. drug clearance from carp as well as from mice is more rapid than that of snails. 3. the ultrastructure of hepatopancreas cells are markedly influenced by bromoacetamide, including swelling of mitochondria and splitting of cristae. this finding is correlativ ...19911687531
d-glucose permeability in river lamprey (lampetra fluviatilis) and carp (cyprinus carpio) erythrocytes.1. the transport of 3-o-methyl-d-glucose (3-omg) in lamprey and carp erythrocytes was studied. 2. in lamprey erythrocytes the half-time for the equilibration of 3-omg was fast, approx. 8 min. in contrast, the erythrocytes of carp were almost impermeable to 3-omg, with a half-time for equilibration of 14.2 hr. 3. 3-omg was taken up by lamprey erythrocytes both by facilitated diffusion and simple diffusion. the presence of carrier-mediated transport was indicated by saturation kinetics and by inhi ...19911685971
sustained potential shifts and changes in acoustic evoked potentials after presentation of a non-acoustic priming stimulus to carp (cyprinus carpio).1. recordings were made from the region of the midbrain tectum and torus semicircularis of sustained potential shifts (sps) to a non-acoustic priming stimulus and the change in subsequent acoustic evoked potentials (aeps) to a train of six clicks after a long rest. 2. in the absence of priming stimuli (a jet of saline or water to the flank) the aep to the first click in a train had the highest amplitude; with these stimuli it became the most attenuated. 3. the sps to both non-acoustic stimuli wa ...19911682105
changes in eeg power, acoustic evoked potentials and heart rate after mildly arousing non-acoustic priming stimuli in carp (cyprinus carpio).1. changes in eeg power spectrum of carp to a priming non-acoustic stimulus followed by acoustic clicks were compared to those due to acoustic clicks delivered alone. recordings were made from the telencephalon, midbrain and medulla. acoustic evoked potentials (aeps) to the clicks were also recorded. 2. eeg power changes to non-acoustic stimuli occurred over the whole 1-40 hz frequency range and were regionally specific and consistent. 3. the changes in the eeg midfrequency 12-24 hz power spectr ...19911682104
relationship of respiration to body weight in the carp cyprinus carpio under resting and normoxic condition.relationships of oxygen consumption (vo2, ml/min/fish), ventilation volume (vg, ml/min/fish), stroke volume (vs, ml/stroke/fish), respiration frequency (rf, stroke/min) and oxygen utilization (u, %) to body weight (w, g) in the carp under resting and normoxic condition was vo2 = 0.004258 w 0.780710, vg = 1.035226 w 0.771371, vs = 0.045311 w 0.833989, rf = -0.002949 w + 17.847743, u = 0.0015423 w + 75.666757, respectively.19911682083
the effect of large doses of vitamin c and magnesium on stress responses in common carp, cyprinus carpio.1. plasma magnesium, cortisol, lactate and ascorbic acid were examined in common carp subjected to various dietary treatments and following handling stress. 2. under conditions of satisfied dietary magnesium and ascorbate requirements, plasma cortisol concentration after stress increased less pronouncedly than in fish fed large doses of ascorbate and/or magnesium. 3. plasma lactate increased significantly in all groups after stress, although the increase seemed to be more severe (detrimental) in ...19911679707
changes in early acoustic-evoked potentials by mildly arousing priming stimuli in carp (cyprinus carpio).1. averaged acoustic-evoked potential (aeps) in the medulla and midbrain were recorded, as were changes in heart rate, indicating arousal, to a previous non-acoustic priming stimulus. 2. useful aep measures were amplitude of the early biphasic wave (less than 10 msec) in medulla and amplitude and duration of this wave in midbrain. 3. there was a negative regression of heart rate and medullary aep amplitude especially evident for a 2 sec light stimulus. decreased aep amplitude in both regions was ...19911679693
reversal potentials of color opponent responses in horizontal cells of the carp retina.reversal potentials of color opponent responses were measured in h2 and h3 horizontal cells of the carp using ca2+ action potential method. all responses reversed around -5 mv, suggesting that the ionic mechanisms of light responses are common among all types of horizontal cells. glutamate-induced depolarizations in h2 and h3 cells had the same reversal potentials as those of light responses, consistent with the idea that these cells receive glutamate-mediated inputs from the cones. simultaneous ...19911654005
[beta-adrenergic catecholamines activate the na+, k+ pump of carp erythrocytes independently of the stimulation of na+/h+ exchange]. 19911648470
importance of the carg box in regulation of beta-actin-encoding genes.the beta-actin-encoding gene (act) in carp is regulated by several cis-acting regulatory elements including the evolutionarily conserved cc(a/t)6gg (carg box or serum-response element) sequences positioned in the promoter region between the caat and tata boxes and in the first intron. to address the roles of the two carg boxes on gene expression, we replaced them with linker sequences. the carg box in the proximal promoter was not required for promoter activity in tissue-cultured cells, but was ...19911748307
5 alpha-pregnane-3 beta, 7 alpha, 17,20 alpha- and -20 beta-tetrols as metabolites of progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone in carp (cyprinus carpio) ovarian incubations. 19911808020
numbers of myosatellite cells in white axial muscle of growing fish: cyprinus carpio l. (teleostei).by means of transmission electron microscopy (tem), the percentage of myosatellite cells was shown to decrease from about 6% in carp of 5 cm standard length (sl) to less than 1% in carp larger than 18 cm sl. the ratio between muscle nuclei and non muscle nuclei remained constant. these tem data, combined with data on the amount of dna per gram of muscle tissue and per nucleus, were used to calculate the numbers of myosatellite cells per gram of tissue (tem-dna method). total numbers of myosatell ...19911781451
neuropeptide y stimulates in vivo gonadotropin secretion in teleost fish.the effects of the neuropeptide y (npy), alone or in combination with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue, d-ala6-desgly10-pro9-net lhrh (lhrha), have been studied on the in vivo secretion of the maturational gonadotropin (gth2) in the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and the common carp cyprinus carpio. depending on the species, two routes of administration were used: in trout, intraperitoneal injection (20 micrograms/kg body wt); in carp, direct infusion (3 micrograms/kg body wt) into t ...19911783272
biochemical alterations in fish fingerlings (cyprinus carpio) exposed to sublethal concentration of linear alkyl benzene sulphonate.fish fingerlings (cyprinus carpio) were exposed to sublethal concentrations of linear alkyl benzene sulphonate (0.005 ppm) for 24, 48, and 96 h under static laboratory conditions. alterations were noted in the levels of glycogen, lactic acid, sialic acid, and acid and alkaline phosphatases in the gill, liver, and kidney. this chemical may impair metabolic processes in fingerling carp, because increased exposure resulted in significant increases in lactic acid and decreases in glycogen and sialic ...19911759846
gamma-crystallin genes in carp: cloning and characterization.the carp gamma-crystallin gene family was found to be composed of at least three members: gamma m1, gamma m2 and gamma m3. the encoded products are very similar to other known gamma-crystallins but with their own peculiarities: (1) they all have a high methionine content: 12.4%, 14% and 8.4% in gamma m1, gamma m2 and gamma m3, respectively; and (2) the amino acid sequences are aberrant in the region before connecting peptides and its corresponding region in motif 4. their protein structures migh ...19911840497
sublethal effects of textile dye stuff effluent on selected oxidative enzymes and tissue respiration of cyprinus carpio (linn.).toxic effects of sublethal concentration of dye stuff effluent on succinic dehydrogenase (sdh) and lactic dehydrogenase (ldh) activities and tissue respiration were studied in c. carpio. while the sublethal exposure significantly reduced sdh activity and tissue respiration, ldh activity increased in gill, brain, liver, muscle and kidney. the maximum inhibition of sdh activity (74%) was recorded in gill and the minimum (38%) in liver. the percentage reduction of oxygen consumption in the tested t ...19911814839
nutrition of aquaculture species.dietary requirements for amino acids and fatty acids have been reported for channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus), salmonids (oncorhynchus spp.), common carp (cyprinus carpio), tilapias (oreochromis spp.), and eel (anguilla japonicus). most of the vitamin and mineral requirements are available for channel catfish and salmonids, and some are available for common carp, tilapia, eel, and other finfish and crustaceans. from this available information, cost-effective feeds can be formulated for the m ...19911778835
interaction of carp growth hormone-releasing factor and somatostatin on in vitro release of growth hormone in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss).possible antagonism between somatostatin (ss) and carp growth hormone-releasing factor (grf) on growth hormone (gh) secretion was examined by radioimmunoassay in a dispersed rainbow trout pituitary cell culture system. ss (3 nm) significantly antagonized carp grf(1-29; 1 nm, 10 nm)-induced gh secretion. the slope of the dose-response curve for carp grf(1-29) with ss was statistically different from that of carp grf(1-29) alone (p less than 0.05) suggesting a noncompetitive antagonism of ss to ca ...19911684643
differentiation of eosinophilic granulocytes of carp (cyprinus carpio l.).electron-microscopic studies were conducted to observe ultrastructural changes during differentiation of eosinophilic granulocytes in carp (cyprinus carpio l.). differentiation at the myelocyte stage was found to relate to specific granules made of dense and light fields. by maturation they assume a mosaic-like texture and in each granule of mature granulocytes, a light, central "internum" and a peripheral dense wrapper can be distinguished. the activity peroxidase and acid phosphatase is locate ...19911814414
expression of two forms of carp gonadotropin alpha subunit in insect cells by recombinant baculovirus.there are two types of cdna clones (designated alpha 1 and alpha 2) encoding the alpha subunit of carp gonadotropin. these two cdnas are derived from different genes and encode proteins that differ by seven amino acid residues (three in the signal peptide and four in the mature polypeptide). expression of these two cdnas in insect cells by recombinant baculovirus revealed that the alpha 1 subunit, after noncovalent association with the beta subunit, has the same potency as the native alpha subun ...19911715566
double mixing stopped-flow method for the study of equilibria and kinetics of dimer-tetramer association of hemoglobins: studies on hb carp, hb a, and hb rothschild.a double mixing stopped-flow method is described for studying the dimer-tetramer equilibria of oxyhemoglobins and the kinetics of association of unliganded dimers. the three hemoglobins studied were: hb carp, hb a, and hb rothschild (trp beta 37 (c3)----arg). the new method reproduces the data obtained for oxyhb a by other established methods. in agreement with previous studies, the new method indicates little, if any, dissociation of oxyhb carp into dimers even in 2 m urea solutions (0.1 m bis- ...19911776671
lipoxin formation in fish leucocytes.adherent leucocytes, consisting of mainly macrophages, isolated from the haemopoietic head kidney of five species of fish were challenged with calcium ionophore and the resulting lipoxygenase products were separated and identified by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. of the fish examined, only adherent leucocytes from the atlantic salmon and mirror carp generated lipoxins. atlantic salmon leucocytes synthesized mainly lipoxin (lx) a4/lxa5 and 11-trans-lxa4/11-trans-lxa5, whil ...19911888779
in vitro maturation of the potential for movement of carp spermatozoa.carp semen obtained from isolated fish after hormonal stimulation was highly variable in terms of volume of semen, osmotic pressure of the seminal plasma, and sperm capacity to move. moreover, this last parameter was unstable when the spermatozoa were kept within the seminal plasma, and the present work was designed to investigate and possibly correct this phenomenon. sperm potential movement was the major parameter studied and was measured by the percentage of motile cells in a final 3.000-fold ...19911931042
early life stages of carp (cyprinus carpio l.) depend on ambient magnesium for their development.carp eggs, fertilized in vitro, were allowed to develop in fresh water with magnesium concentrations varying from 0.001 to 0.100 mmol l-1. magnesium concentrations below 0.010 mmol l-1 seriously impeded carp embryonic development: the incidence of deformed larvae and mortality increased steeply to 100% at water magnesium concentrations of 0.001 mmol l-1. thus, early life stages of carp require ambient magnesium for survival and successful development. the magnesium and calcium concentrations of ...19911919414
[a case report of controlled aortic root reperfusion (carp) following global myocardial ischemia during surgery for severe mitral stenosis with tricuspid regurgitation].the use of controlled aortic root reperfusion (carp) as additional myocardial protection in cardiac surgery has been employed at university of alabama at birmingham since 1986. this technique has been applied to a patient in japan undergoing mitral valve replacement and tricuspid annuloplasty and favorable results were obtained. the carp method consists of two consecutive procedures following global myocardial ischemia, that is, terminal warm blood cardioplegic reperfusion and selective controll ...19911894989
development and validation of a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay for chinook salmon (oncorhynchus tshawytscha) growth hormone.this study describes the development of a highly specific and very sensitive radioimmunoassay for salmonid growth hormone. antiserum raised against chinook (oncorhynchus tshawytscha) gh2, which did not recognize 125i-sprl and 125i-sgth (at 1:1000 initial dilution), was able to inhibit growth when injected into rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). 125i-sgh2, used as tracer, was not recognized by anti-sgth or by anti-sprl. mammalian gh and acth and salmonid gth, tsh, and prl did not cross-react in ...19911879675
pituitary and plasma arginine vasotocin levels in teleost fish.the role of arginine vasotocin (avt) in teleostean osmoregulation is unclear. its administration may produce dose-dependent effects on renal fluid loss though the physiological significance of such effects is unknown due to the paucity of data on the normal range in pituitary and plasma avt levels. the present study addresses these questions by examining the pituitary avt activity in the flounder and plasma avt concentrations in the flounder, trout, and carp following alterations in environmenta ...19911879673
refined crystal structure of ytterbium-substituted carp parvalbumin 4.25 at 1.5 a, and its comparison with the native and cadmium-substituted structures.the crystal structure of carp parvalbumin 4.25 containing a 1:1 molar ratio of ytterbium chloride to protein has been refined at 1.5 a resolution by restrained least-squares methods to a crystallographic r value of 0.199. the crystal structure confirms the nmr studies, which suggest that low concentrations of ytterbium cause an extensive displacement of calcium from the ef metal binding site. a comparison of the ytterbium-substituted model with the native and cadmium-substituted structure show n ...19912044772
administration of gulonolactone does not evoke ascorbic acid synthesis in teleost fish.evidence is presented that for common carp (cyprinus carpio l.), intraperitoneal injection of l-gulonolactone, a precursor of ascorbic acid synthesis in the d-glucuronic acid pathway, does not result in an increased concentration of ascorbate in tissue. control fish injected with an equimolar amount of ascorbic acid have shown a significant increase in ascorbic acid concentration in the kidney, hepatopancreas, plasma and spleen. the ascorbate status in the carp body,i.e., the ascorbate nutrition ...199124213712
similar properties of cgmp-activated channels between cones and rods in the carp retina.using patch-clamp techniques, properties of cgmp-activated channel were studied at a single-channel level in order to examine (1) whether any differences are recognized between the cgmp-activated channels of rods and cones in the same animal species, and (2) whether the channel properties of the same photoreceptor class differ in different animal species. experiments were performed on inside-out membrane patches excised from outer segments of rods and morphological subtypes of cones in the carp ...19911715743
cytoskeleton in microridges of the oral mucosal epithelium in the carp, cyprinus carpio.microridges produce a characteristic fingerprint-like pattern on the surface of fish oral mucosa. the cytoskeleton in these microridges was examined by immunofluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy after detergent extraction and decoration with myosin subfragment 1. the effect of cytochalasin b on microridges was probed with scanning electron microscopy. immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that actin filaments were present throughout the periphery of the epithelial cells ...19911714256
an analysis of inputs to on-off amacrine cells in the carp retina with kynurenic acid.amacrine cell inputs were studied in the carp retina. responses to light of bipolar and amacrine cells in off-pathways were suppressed by 0.5 mm kynurenic acid (kyn), while those in on-pathways were not. in on-off amacrine cells, the sustained potential level during illumination shifted in the depolarizing direction. the depolarizing response elicited in off-center bipolar cells by transretinal current was also suppressed, but those elicited in amacrine cells were not. the results indicated that ...19911655105
rapid cold-induced changes of membrane order and delta 9-desaturase activity in endoplasmic reticulum of carp liver: a time-course study of thermal acclimation.the membrane order of liver endoplasmic reticulum (er) membranes of 10 degrees c- and 30 degrees c-acclimated carp has been compared using the fluorescence polarization technique with dph as probe. membranes from cold-acclimated fish displayed lower polarizations than corresponding membranes from warm-acclimated fish, the difference compensating for 34-50% of the direct effects of temperature upon polarization. the changes in delta 9-desaturase activity and fluorescence polarization of dph in er ...19912036447
dark adaptation of horizontal cells in the teleost fish retina.the dark adaptation behaviors of rod-driven and cone-driven horizontal cells were examined by analyzing their light responses recorded intracellularly in the intact, immobilized carp, and compared with that of the electroretinographic b-wave recorded simultaneously. like the b-wave, the light responsiveness of rod horizontal cells increased gradually with time in the dark and attained a steady level at 60 min. on the other hand, cone horizontal cells initially increased in light responsiveness i ...19912059325
shifts in protein metabolism in some organs of freshwater fish, cyprinus carpio under mercury stress.changes in the protein metabolism of gill, kidney and intestine of freshwater fish, cyprinus carpio exposed to 1, 15 and 30 days to sublethal concentration (0.1 mg/l) of mercury were studied. the total, soluble and structural protein contents recorded the depletion followed by progressive increase in accumulation of free aminoacids. concurrently, the activity of protease in the tissues was also increased. a steady enhancement in the activities of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotrans ...19911930254
excitatory responses to scyliorhinins i and ii in smooth muscle strips isolated from the carp intestinal bulb (cyprinus carpio).1. the effects of scyliorhinins i (scy i) and ii (scy ii) on longitudinal (lm) and circular muscle (cm) strips isolated from the carp intestinal bulb were investigated in vitro and compared with that of substance p (sp). 2. sp (0.3 nm-1 microm), scy i (0.3-300 nm) and scy ii (0.3 nm-1 microm) caused transient concentration-dependent contractions of lm strips. the ec50 values for sp, scy i and scy ii were 16 nm, 15 nm and 39 nm, respectively. tetrodotoxin and atropine partly decreased the contrac ...19911715522
magnesium status in freshwater fish, common carp (cyprinus carpio, l.) and the dietary protein-magnesium interaction.common carp juveniles were fed for 9 weeks one of the eight semipurified diets containing graded levels of magnesium, 0.08, 0.6, 1.1, 3, 2 g mg kg(-1) and 25 or 44% protein.fish growth and feed utilization were significantly affected by both mg and protein levels in the diets. significant interaction between these two studied variables existed in relation to the fish performance as well as to mean deposition rate of several minerals in common carp body. the fish fed diets containing 0.08 g mg kg ...199124214675
fenvalerate induced biochemical changes in the selected tissues of freshwater fish, cyprinus carpio.alterations in the levels of some biochemical and enzymological parameters in brain, liver and muscle tissues of cyprinus carpio exposed to sublethal concentration (10 micrograms/liter) of fenvalerate for 6, 12, 24 and 48 hr were studied. total, structural and soluble proteins were decreased, whereas the free amino acids and the activities of protease, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase significantly increased in fenvalerate exposed fish. it is also observed that the changes ...19911953805
pharmacokinetics of sulphadimidine in carp (cyprinus carpio l.) and rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri richardson) acclimated at two different temperature levels.the influence of temperature (10 degrees c and 20 degrees c) on pharmacokinetics and metabolism of sulphadimidine (sdm) in carp and trout was studied. at 20 degrees c a significantly lower level of distribution (vdarea) and a significantly shorter elimination half-life (t(1/2)beta) was achieved in both species compared to the 10 degrees c level. in carp the body clearance parameter (clb(sdm)) was significantly higher at 20 degrees c compared to the value at 10 degrees c, whereas for trout this p ...19911882494
color opponency in cone-driven horizontal cells in carp retina. aspecific pathways between cones and horizontal cells.the spectral and dynamic properties of cone-driven horizontal cells in carp retina were evaluated with silent substitution stimuli and/or saturating background illumination. the aim of this study was to describe the wiring underlying the spectral sensitivity of these cells. we will present electrophysiological data that indicate that all cone-driven horizontal cell types receive input from all spectral cone types, and we will present evidence that all cone-driven horizontal cell types feedback t ...19911711573
modelling protein three-dimensional structure using tritium planigraphy.we propose the use of data on the topography of the label-accessible surface of a protein molecule obtained by the method of tritium planigraphy as a criterion for choosing the optimal intermediate arrangements of alpha-helices in globular proteins so as to model their three-dimensional structures. this approach has been used for modelling the three-dimensional structure of parvalbumin iii from pike. the proposed model has been compared with high-resolution x-ray structural data for a related pr ...19911915152
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