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Toxic effects of Citrus aurantium and C. limon essential oils on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).Citrus aurantium and C. limon were selected in the search for natural plant insecticides. The essential oils of C. aurantium and C. limon and ethanol extracts of the seeds, pulp, albedo, and peel of C. aurantium were incorporated into the larval diet of the lepidopteran pest Spodoptera frugiperda. Larval and pupal mortality were quantified and adult malformation was observed. C aurantium essential oil had antifeedant action and the mixture of albedo ethanol extract and C aurantium essential oil ...201121941921
transportomics: screening for substrates of abc transporters in body fluids using vesicular transport assays.the atp-binding cassette (abc) genes encode the largest family of transmembrane proteins. abc transporters translocate a wide variety of substrates across membranes, but their physiological function is often incompletely understood. we describe a new method to study the substrate spectrum of abc transporters: we incubate extracts of mouse urine with membrane vesicles prepared from spodoptera frugiperda sf9 insect cells overproducing an abc transporter and determine the compounds transported into ...201122034653
susceptibility of spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae) strains from central colombia to two insecticides, methomyl and lambda-cyhalothrin: a study of the genetic basis of resistance.spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) is an important pest of several crops in the western hemisphere. this insect has genetically differentiated into two host-associated populations: the corn (zea mays l.) and the rice (oryza sativa l.) strains. the corn strain also is found in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and sorghum and the rice strain in bermuda grass [cynodon dactylon (l.) pers.] and millet. in the united states and brazil, lines from corn, rice, bermuda grass, and ...201122066201
baculovirus infection induces a dna damage response that is required for efficient viral replication.several mammalian viruses have been shown to induce a cellular dna damage response during replication, and in some cases, this response is required for optimal virus replication. however, nothing is known about whether a dna damage response is stimulated by dna viruses in invertebrates. cell cycle arrest and apoptosis are two of the downstream effects of the dna damage response, and both are stimulated by baculovirus infection, suggesting a possible relationship between baculoviruses and the dna ...201121917957
multigenic families in ichnovirus: a tissue and host specificity study through expression analysis of vankyrins from hyposoter didymator ichnovirus.the viral ankyrin (vankyrin) gene family is represented in all polydnavirus (pdvs) genomes and encodes proteins homologous to i-kappabs, inhibitors of nf-kappab transcription factors. the structural similarities led to the hypothesis that vankyrins mimic eukaryotic factors to subvert important physiological pathways in the infected host. here, we identified nine vankyrin genes in the genome of the hyposoter didymator ichnovirus (hdiv). time-course gene expression experiments indicate that all me ...201122087334
Co-interactive DNA-binding between a novel, immunophilin-like shrimp protein and VP15 nucleocapsid protein of white spot syndrome virus.White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is one of the most serious pathogens of penaeid shrimp. Although its genome has been completely characterized, the functions of most of its putative proteins are not yet known. It has been suggested that the major nucleocapsid protein VP15 is involved in packaging of the WSSV genome during virion formation. However, little is known in its relationship with shrimp host cells. Using the yeast two-hybrid approach to screen a shrimp lymphoid organ (LO) cDNA library f ...201121980453
Expression of a secreted version of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein of Newcastle disease virus: its evaluation as a diagnostic reagent.The hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) constitutes, together with the fusion glycoprotein, the main surface antigen of this avian pathogen, which causes a highly contagious disease, relevant economically worldwide. The purpose of this work was to obtain the HN glycoprotein as a soluble antigen in culture supernatants of recombinant baculovirus-infected Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells and to evaluate its application to the development of a recombinant ...201121908282
Baculovirus p35 gene is oppositely regulated by P53 and AP-1 like factors in Spodoptera frugiperda.Baculovirus p35 belongs to the early class of genes of AcMNPV and requires viral factors like Immediate Early protein-1 for its transcription. To investigate the role of host factors in regulating p35 gene expression, the putative transcription factor binding sites were examined in silico and the role of these factors in influencing the transcription of p35 gene was assessed. We focused our studies on AP-1 and P53-like factors, which are activated under oxidative stress conditions. The AP-1 moti ...201121986530
correlation of lncr rasirnas expression with heterochromatin formation during development of the holocentric insect spodoptera frugiperda.repeat-associated small interfering rnas (rasirnas) are derived from various genomic repetitive elements and ensure genomic stability by silencing endogenous transposable elements. here we describe a novel subset of 46 rasirnas named lncr rasirnas due to their homology with one long non-coding rna (lncr) of spodoptera frugiperda. lncr operates as the intermediate of an unclassified transposable element (te-lncr). te-lncr is a very invasive transposable element, present in high copy numbers in th ...201121980354
low temperature-dependent salmonid alphavirus glycoprotein processing and recombinant virus-like particle formation.pancreas disease (pd) and sleeping disease (sd) are important viral scourges in aquaculture of atlantic salmon and rainbow trout. the etiological agent of pd and sd is salmonid alphavirus (sav), an unusual member of the togaviridae (genus alphavirus). sav replicates at lower temperatures in fish. outbreaks of sav are associated with large economic losses of ~17 to 50 million $/year. current control strategies rely on vaccination with inactivated virus formulations that are cumbersome to obtain a ...201121991361
new insights into the induction of the heat shock proteins in baculovirus infected insect cells.eight members of the hsp/hsc70 family were identified in spodoptera frugiperda sf9 cells infected with autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) by 2d electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry (maldi/tof) and a mascot search. the family includes five hsp70s induced by acmnpv-infection and three constitutive cognate hsc70s that remained abundant in infected cells. confocal microscopy revealed dynamic changes in subcellular localization of hsp/hsc70s in the course of infect ...201121982219
Spatial patterns of aflatoxin levels in relation to ear-feeding insect damage in pre-harvest corn.Key impediments to increased corn yield and quality in the southeastern US coastal plain region are damage by ear-feeding insects and aflatoxin contamination caused by infection of Aspergillus flavus. Key ear-feeding insects are corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea, fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, and brown stink bug, Euschistus servus. In 2006 and 2007, aflatoxin contamination and insect damage were sampled before harvest in three 0.4-hectare corn fields using a ...201122069748
herbivore-induced plant volatiles can serve as host location cues for a generalist and a specialist egg parasitoid.herbivore-induced plant volatiles are important host finding cues for larval parasitoids, and similarly, insect oviposition might elicit the release of plant volatiles functioning as host finding cues for egg parasitoids. we hypothesized that egg parasitoids also might utilize hipvs of emerging larvae to locate plants with host eggs. we, therefore, assessed the olfactory response of two egg parasitoids, a generalist, trichogramma pretiosum (tricogrammatidae), and a specialist, telenomus remus (s ...201122170346
Effects of Cyanogenic Plants on Fitness in Two Host Strains of the Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda).The generalist moth, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) consists of two genetic subgroups (host strains) that differ in their distribution among host plant species. The corn strain prefers crop plants such as corn, sorghum, and cotton, while the rice strain is found in small grasses such as Cynodon spp. and rice. Little is known about the physiological factors that drive this host preference. Here, we report a feeding study with natural host plants and an artificial diet containing cyanide. We ...201122173887
Plasmid patterns of efficient and inefficient strains of Bacillus thuringiensis against Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).Bacillus thuringiensis harbors genes encoding Cry proteins found in chromosomes or plasmids of different sizes (4-150 Mb). Although the smaller plasmids are more abundant in B. thuringiensis, their specific function is unknown. As for the megaplasmids, their main recognized function is to harbor cry genes, although the sequencing of some of these plasmids indicates the occurrence of other important genes. This work used a new protocol for practical and rapid extraction of plasmid DNA in order to ...201122068947
Laboratory and field evaluations of the efficacy of a fast-killing baculovirus isolate from Spodoptera frugiperda.Three biopesticide parameters were evaluated for a fast-killing isolate (3AP2) and a wild-type isolate (Sf3) of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV). Both isolates were evaluated for virus production using in vivo methods, for speed of kill based on bioassay of applications to glasshouse-grown and field-grown plants, and for residual insecticidal activity of unformulated virus and an encapsulating formulation to provide UV protection. Two inoculation rates comparing relat ...201122100417
protective efficacy of anopheles minimus cyp6p7 and cyp6aa3 against cytotoxicity of pyrethroid insecticides in spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) insect cells.cytochrome p450 monooxygenases (p450s) are enzymes known to metabolize a wide variety of compounds including insecticides. their overexpression leading to enhanced insecticide detoxification could result in insecticide resistance in insects. the increased mrna expression of two p450 genes, cyp6p7 and cyp6aa3, has been previously observed in laboratory-selected deltamethrin-resistant anopheles minimus, a major malaria vector in southeast asia, suggesting their role in detoxification of ...201122041748
Ultra-structure and histochemistry of digestive cells of Podisus nigrispinus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) fed with prey reared on bt-cotton.The toxic effects of Bt proteins from the body of the prey/host to predators and parasitoids have been investigated as a route of impact on non-target insects of Bt crops. This research aimed to analyze ultrastructural changes and histochemistry in digestive cells of the middle region of the midgut of Podisus nigrispinus fed, since its second instar, with Spodoptera frugiperda reared on Bt cotton variety Acala90 B, which expresses the toxin Cry 1Ac, and its non-Bt isoline Acala 90. Fragments of ...201221900014
cytotoxicity analysis of three bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis δ-endotoxins towards insect and mammalian cells.three members of the δ-endotoxin group of toxins expressed by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis, cyt2ba, cry4aa and cry11a, were individually expressed in recombinant acrystalliferous b. thuringiensis strains for in vitro evaluation of their toxic activities against insect and mammalian cell lines. both cry4aa and cry11a toxins, activated with either trypsin or spodoptera frugiperda gastric juice (gj), resulted in different cleavage patterns for the activated toxins as seen by sds-page. ...201223029407
an amino acid substitution inhibits specialist herbivore production of an antagonist effector and recovers insect-induced plant defenses.plants respond to insect herbivory through the production of biochemicals that function as either direct defenses or indirect defenses via the attraction of natural enemies. while attack by closely related insect pests can result in distinctive levels of induced plant defenses, precise biochemical mechanisms responsible for differing responses remain largely unknown. cowpea (vigna unguiculata) responds to fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda) herbivory through the detection of fragments of chlor ...201223008466
the synergistic action of imidacloprid and flumethrin and their release kinetics from collars applied for ectoparasite control in dogs and cats.the control of tick and flea burdens in dogs and cats has become essential to the control of important and emerging vector borne diseases, some of which are zoonoses. flea worry and flea bite hypersensitivity are additionally a significant disease entity in dogs and cats. owner compliance in maintaining the pressure of control measures has been shown to be poor. for these reasons efforts are continuously being made to develop ectoparasiticides and application methods that are safe, effective and ...201222498105
substrate specificities and intracellular distributions of three n-glycan processing enzymes functioning at a key branch point in the insect n-glycosylation pathway.man(α1-6)[glcnac(β1-2)man(α1-3)]manglcnac2 is a key branch point intermediate in the insect n-glycosylation pathway because it can be either trimmed by a processing β-n-acetylglucosaminidase (fdl) to produce paucimannosidic n-glycans or elongated by n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase ii (gnt-ii) to produce complex n-glycans. n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase i (gnt-i) contributes to branch point intermediate production and can potentially reverse the fdl trimming reaction. however, there has been no ...201222238347
isolation, cloning and high- level expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin lipocalin2 by baculovirus expression system through gateway technology.lipocalin 2 (lcn2) is a 25-kda glycoprotein that has initially been extracted from neutrophil granules. expression of lcn2 is induced under various pathophysiological conditions. it is also known as an early marker of kidney and heart injury. high-level expression of recombinant lcn2 neutrophil gelatinase-associated (ngal) in insect cells was the aim of this study.201223493520
insecticidal effects of acetogenins from rollinia occidentalis seed extract.from the methanol seed extract of rollinia occidentalis five acetogenins were isolated, sylvaticin (1), rolliniastatin-1 (2), rolliniastatin-2 (3), motrilin (4) and desacetyluvaricin (5), and evaluated for their toxicity and nutritional alterations on spodoptera frugiperda smith (lepidoptera: noctuidae). all but one of the compounds produced more than 90% mortality on early larval instars at 50 and 100 microg per g of diet. sylvaticin caused 15 and 60% mortality at 50 and 100 microg/g, respectiv ...201223413573
the putative serine protease inhibitor api m 6 from apis mellifera venom: recombinant and structural evaluation.immunoglobulin (ig) e-mediated reactions to honeybee venom can cause severe anaphylaxis, sometimes with fatal consequences. detailed knowledge of the allergic potential of all venom components is necessary to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment of allergy and to gain a better understanding of the allergological mechanisms of insect venoms.201223397669
[cloning and functional research of arp2/3-p40/arpc1 subunit of sf9 cells].the baculovirus-induced actin polymerization is mainly associated with the virus nucleocapsid protein p78/83, which is homologous with wasp proteins that can activate arp2/3 complex and induce the actin polymerization. in order to explore the role of arp2/3 complex in the baculovirus replication, the p40 subunit of arp2/3 complex from sf9 (spodoptera frugiperda 9) cell line was cloned and characterized. immunofluorescent microscopy assay indicated that p40 was recruited to the inner-side of nucl ...201223367557
foliar herbivory triggers local and long distance defense responses in maize.many studies have documented the induction of belowground defenses in plants in response to aboveground herbivory and vice versa, but the genes and signaling molecules mediating systemic induction are not well understood. we performed comparative microarray analysis on maize whorl and root tissues from the insect resistant inbred mp708 in response to foliar feeding by fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda) caterpillars. although mp708 has elevated jasmonic acid (ja) levels prior to herbivory, gen ...201223265323
n-glycosylations of human α1,3-fucosyltransferase ix are required for full enzyme activity.human α1,3-fucosyltransferase ix catalyzes the transfer of l-fucose from guanosine diphosphate-β-l-fucose to n-acetyllactosamine, generating a lewis x epitope, and is thereby involved in the synthesis of fucosylated cell surface glycoconjugates. it contains three putative n-glycosylation sites (asn62, asn101 and asn153). the current study considers the functional role of these potential n-glycosylations within the enzyme. we produced truncated variants of human fucosyltransferase ix containing t ...201223263199
differential protection of cry1fa toxin against spodoptera frugiperda larval gut proteases by cadherin orthologs correlates with increased synergism.the cry proteins produced by bacillus thuringiensis (bt) are the most widely used biopesticides effective against a range of crop pests and disease vectors. like chemical pesticides, development of resistance is the primary threat to the long-term efficacy of bt toxins. recently discovered cadherin-based bt cry synergists showed the potential to augment resistance management by improving efficacy of cry toxins. however, the mode of action of bt cry synergists is thus far unclear. here we elucida ...201222081566
enhanced pest resistance of maize leaves expressing monocot crop plant-derived ribosome-inactivating protein and agglutinin.although many insect resistance genes have been identified, the number of studies examining their effects in combination using transgenic systems is limited. this study introduced a construct into maize containing the coding sequence for maize ribosome-inactivating protein (mrip) and wheat germ agglutinin (wga). many transformants produced both the mrip and wga in leaves. mature leaves expressing higher levels of these two proteins were more resistant to feeding by first-instar larvae of fall ar ...201223078237
permanent genetic resources added to molecular ecology resources database 1 december 2011-31 january 2012.this article documents the addition of 473 microsatellite marker loci and 71 pairs of single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp) sequencing primers to the molecular ecology resources database. loci were developed for the following species: barteria fistulosa, bombus morio, galaxias platei, hematodinium perezi, macrocentrus cingulum brischke (a.k.a. m. abdominalis fab., m. grandii goidanich or m. gifuensis ashmead), micropogonias furnieri, nerita melanotragus, nilaparvata lugens stål, sciaenops ocellat ...201222448966
expression of recombinant rotavirus proteins harboring antigenic epitopes of the hepatitis a virus polyprotein in insect cells.rotavirus and hepatitis a virus (hav) spread by the fecal-oral route and infections are important in public health, especially in developing countries. here, two antigenic epitopes of the hav polyprotein, domain 2 (d2) and domain 3 (d3), were recombined with rotavirus vp7, generating d2/vp7 and d3/vp7, cloned in a baculovirus expression system, and expressed in spodoptera frugiperda 9 (sf9) insect cells. all were highly expressed, with peak expression 2 days post-infection. western blotting and ...201224130930
production of japanese encephalitis virus-like particles using the baculovirus-insect cell system.the production of a secreted form of japanese encephalitis (je) virus-like particles (vlps) using the baculovirus-insect cell system was investigated. a recombinant baculovirus that contained the je virus (jev) prm signal sequence and the genes encoding the precursor (prm) of the viral membrane protein (m) and the envelope glycoprotein (e) was constructed. western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) of the culture supernatant showed that spodoptera frugiperda sf9 cells infecte ...201222841798
role of rice stripe virus nsvc4 in cell-to-cell movement and symptom development in nicotiana benthamiana.our previous work has demonstrated that the nsvc4 protein of rice stripe virus (rsv) functions as a cell-to-cell movement protein. however, the mechanisms whereby rsv traffics through plasmodesmata (pd) are unknown. here we provide evidence that the nsvc4 moves on the actin filament and endoplasmic reticulum network, but not microtubules, to reach cell wall pd. disruption of cytoskeleton using different inhibitors altered nsvc4 localization to pd, thus impeding rsv infection of nicotiana bentham ...201223233857
evaluation of corn hybrids expressing cry1f, cry1a.105, cry2ab2, cry34ab1/cry35ab1, and cry3bb1 against southern united states insect pests.studies were conducted across the southern united states to characterize the efficacy of multiple bacillus thuringiensis (bt) events in a field corn, zea mays l., hybrid for control of common lepidopteran and coleopteran pests. cry1f protein in event tc1507 and cry1a.105 + cry2ab2 proteins in event mon 89034 were evaluated against pests infesting corn on above-ground plant tissue including foliage, stalks, and ears. cry34ab1/cry35ab1 proteins in event das-59122-7 and cry3bb1 in event mon 88017 w ...201223156183
susceptibility of spodoptera frugiperda and s. exigua to bacillus thuringiensis vip3aa insecticidal protein.the vip3aa protein is an insecticidal protein secreted by bacillus thuringiensis during the vegetative stage of growth. the activity of this protein has been tested after different steps/protocols of purification using spodoptera frugiperda as a control insect. the results showed that the vip3aa protoxin was stable and retained full toxicity after being subjected to common biochemical steps used in protein purification. bioassays with the protoxin in s. frugiperda and s. exigua showed pronounced ...201222465567
bacillus thuringiensis monogenic strains: screening and interactions with insecticides used against rice pests.the screening of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry proteins with high potential to control insect pests has been the goal of numerous research groups. in this study, we evaluated six monogenic bt strains (bt dendrolimus hd-37, bt kurstaki hd-1, bt kurstaki hd-73, bt thuringiensis 4412, bt kurstaki nrd-12 and bt entomocidus 60.5, which codify the cry1aa, cry1ab, cry1ac, cry1ba, cry1c, cry2a genes respectively) as potential insecticides for the most important insect pests of irrigated rice: spodopte ...201224031872
specific binding of radiolabeled cry1fa insecticidal protein from bacillus thuringiensis to midgut sites in lepidopteran species.cry1fa insecticidal protein was successfully radiolabeled with (125)i-na. specific binding to brush border membrane vesicles was shown for the lepidopteran species ostrinia nubilalis, spodoptera frugiperda, spodoptera exigua, helicoverpa armigera, heliothis virescens, and plutella xylostella. homologous competition assays were performed to obtain equilibrium binding parameters (k(d) [dissociation constant] and r(t) [concentration of binding sites]) for these six insect species.201222447600
using field-evolved resistance to cry1f maize in a lepidopteran pest to demonstrate no adverse effects of cry1f on one of its major predators.spodoptera frugiperda (je smith) represents the first documented case of field-evolved resistance to a genetically engineered crop expressing an insecticidal protein from bacillus thuringiensis (bt). in this case it was cry1f-expressing maize (mycogen 2a517). the ladybird beetle, coleomegilla maculata, is a common and abundant predator that suppresses pest populations in maize and many other cropping systems. its larvae and adults are polyphagous, feeding on aphids, thrips, lepidopteran eggs and ...201222373893
bioactivity of the essential oil of an argentine collection of acanthospermum hispidum (asteraceae).the essential oil of an argentine collection of the annual herb acanthospermum hispidum dc. (asteraceae), which contains the sesquiterpenoids beta-caryophyllene (35.2%), alpha-bisabolol (11.4%), and germacrene d (11.1%) as major constituents, displayed molluscicidal effects on an adult population of biomphalaria peregrina orbigny (ld50 37.8 microg/ml) and produced alteration of the feeding and oviposition behavior of the polyphagous insect spodoptera frugiperda smith when incorporated in the lar ...201222474971
analysis of a naturally-occurring deletion mutant of spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus reveals sf58 as a new per os infectivity factor of lepidopteran-infecting baculoviruses.the nicaraguan population of spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus, sfmnpv-nic, is structured as a mixture of nine genotypes (a-i). occlusion bodies (obs) of sfmnpv-c, -d and -g pure genotypes are incapable of oral transmission; a phenotype which in sfmnpv-c and -d is due to the absence of pif1 and pif2 genes. the complete sequence of the sfmnpv-g genome was determined to identify possible factors involved in this phenotype. deletions of 4860bp (22,366-27,225) and 60bp (119,759-119 ...201222041202
cellular vps4 is required for efficient entry and egress of budded virions of autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus.membrane budding is essential for the egress of many enveloped viruses, and this process shares similarities with the biogenesis of multivesicular bodies (mvbs). in eukaryotic cells, the budding of intraluminal vesicles (ivls) is mediated by the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (escrt) machinery and some viruses require escrt machinery components or functions to bud from host cells. baculoviruses, such as autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv), enter host c ...201222072775
Identification and Structural Characterization of Novel Cyclotide with Activity against an Insect Pest of Sugar Cane.Cyclotides are a family of plant-derived cyclic peptides comprising six conserved cysteine residues connected by three intermolecular disulfide bonds that form a knotted structure known as a cyclic cystine knot (CCK). This structural motif is responsible for the pronounced stability of cyclotides against chemical, thermal, or proteolytic degradation and has sparked growing interest in this family of peptides. Here, we isolated and characterized a novel cyclotide from Palicourea rigida (Rubiaceae ...201222074926
cecropins as a marker of spodoptera frugiperda immunosuppression during entomopathogenic bacterial challenge.an antimicrobial peptide (amp) of the cecropin family was isolated by hplc from plasma of the insect pest, spodoptera frugiperda. its molecular mass is 3910.9 da as determined by mass spectrometry. thanks to the est database spodobase, we were able to describe 13 cdnas encoding six different cecropins which belong to the sub-families ceca, cecb, cecc and cecd. the purified peptide identified as cecb1 was chemically synthesized (sycecb1). it was shown to be active against gram-positive and gram-n ...201222487443
chitosan and its quaternized derivative as effective long dsrna carriers targeting shrimp virus in spodoptera frugiperda 9 cells.rna interference (rnai) is a promising strategy to combat shrimp viral pathogens at lab-scale experiments. development of effective orally delivered agents for double-stranded (ds)rna is necessary for rnai application at farm level. since continuous shrimp cell lines have not been established, we are developing a dsrna-delivery system in spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells for studying in vitro rnai-mediated gene silencing of shrimp virus. sf9 cells challenged with yellow head virus (yhv) were use ...201222575788
evaluation of corn germplasm lines for multiple ear-colonizing insect and disease resistance.ear-colonizing insects and diseases that reduce yield and impose health threats by mycotoxin contaminations in the grain, are critical impediments for corn (zea mays l.) production in the southern united states. ten germplasm lines from the germplasm enhancement of maize (gem) program in ames, ia, and raleigh, nc, and 10 lines (derived from gem germplasm) from the texas agricultural experiment station in lubbock, tx, were examined in 2007 and 2008 with local resistant and susceptible controls. f ...201222928329
cell-penetrating recombinant peptides for potential use in agricultural pest control applications.several important areas of interest intersect in a class of peptides characterized by their highly cationic and partly hydrophobic structure. these molecules have been called cell-penetrating peptides (cpps) because they possess the ability to translocate across cell membranes. this ability makes these peptides attractive candidates for delivery of therapeutic compounds, especially to the interior of cells. compounds with characteristics similar to cpps and that, in addition, have antimicrobial ...201224281256
sv40 in vitro packaging: a pseudovirion gene delivery system.nuclear extracts of spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) insect cells infected with baculoviruses encode the simian virus 40 (sv40) major coat protein (vp1). as described in this protocol, these extracts are able to package supercoiled plasmid dna or rna interference (rnai) sequences in the presence of mgcl(2), cacl(2), and atp, thus forming sv40 pseudovirions in vitro. such packaging has numerous advantages over other viral and nonviral delivery systems. specifically, it provides a wide host range and h ...201222949719
a baculovirus isolated from wild silkworm encompasses the host ranges of bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrosis virus and autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus in cultured cells.a baculovirus, named bomanpv s2, was isolated from a diseased larva of the wild silkworm, bombyx mandarina. notably, bomanpv s2 exhibited a distinguishing feature in that its host range covered that of both bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrosis virus (bmnpv) and autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) in cultured cells. it could replicate in cells of b. mori (bm5 and bmn), spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) and trichoplusia ni (tn-5b1-4). however, occlusion-derived virions of bomanpv s2 ...201222855783
differential performance and parasitism of caterpillars on maize inbred lines with distinctly different herbivore-induced volatile emissions.plant volatiles induced by insect feeding are known to attract natural enemies of the herbivores. six maize inbred lines that showed distinctly different patterns of volatile emission in laboratory assays were planted in randomized plots in the central mexican highlands to test their ability to recruit parasitic wasps under field conditions. the plants were artificially infested with neonate larvae of the fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda, and two of its main endoparasitoids, campoletis sonore ...201223112820
probing inhibitory effects of nanocrystalline cellulose: inhibition versus surface charge.ncc derived from different biomass sources was probed for its plausible cytotoxicity by electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ecis). two different cell lines, spodoptera frugiperda sf9 insect cells and chinese hamster lung fibroblast v79, were exposed to ncc and their spreading and viability were monitored and quantified by ecis. based on the 50%-inhibition concentration (ecis(50)), none of the ncc produced was judged to have any significant cytotoxicity on these two cell lines. however, nc ...201222252333
baculoviruses modulate a proapoptotic dna damage response to promote virus multiplication.the baculovirus autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) initiates apoptosis in diverse insects through events triggered by virus dna (vdna) replication. to define the proapoptotic pathway and its role in antivirus defense, we investigated the link between the host's dna damage response (ddr) and apoptosis. we report here that acmnpv elicits a ddr in the model insect drosophila melanogaster. replication of vdna activated ddr kinases, as evidenced by atm-driven phosphoryla ...201223035220
semiochemicals from herbivory induced cotton plants enhance the foraging behavior of the cotton boll weevil, anthonomus grandis.the boll weevil, anthonomus grandis, has been monitored through deployment of traps baited with aggregation pheromone components. however, field studies have shown that the number of insects caught in these traps is significantly reduced during cotton squaring, suggesting that volatiles produced by plants at this phenological stage may be involved in attraction. here, we evaluated the chemical profile of volatile organic compounds (vocs) emitted by undamaged or damaged cotton plants at different ...201223179097
modification of esterified cell wall phenolics increases vulnerability of tall fescue to herbivory by the fall armyworm.feruloylation of arabinoxylan in grass cell walls leads to cross-linked xylans. such cross-linking appears to play a role in plant resistance to pathogens and insect herbivores. in this study, we investigated the effect of ferulate cross-linking on resistance to herbivory by fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda) making use of genetically modified tall fescue [schedonorus arundinaceus (festuca arundinacea)] expressing a ferulic acid esterase gene. mature leaves of these plants have significant re ...201222434315
characterization of a spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus isolate that does not liquefy the integument of infected larvae.here we report the characterization of a spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus isolate, named sfmnpv-6nd, that does not cause the liquefaction of the host integument. the sequencing of the chitinase a (v-chia) gene from sfmnpv-6nd revealed that it had a frameshift mutation that greatly reduced size of the putative enzyme. in order to evaluate the suitability of sfmpnv-6nd as a biopesticide, this isolate was compared with the highly virulent sfmnpv-19. our results showed that the lc ...201222884675
fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda (j.e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), female moths respond to herbivore-induced corn volatiles.in response to herbivore attack, plants release herbivore-induced plant volatiles (hipvs) that represent important chemical cues for herbivore natural enemies. additionally, hipvs have been shown to mediate other ecological interactions with herbivores. differently from natural enemies that are generally attracted to hipvs, herbivores can be either attracted or repelled depending on several biological and ecological parameters. our study aimed to assess the olfactory response of fall armyworm-ma ...201223950005
methyl jasmonate increases the tropane alkaloid scopolamine and reduces natural herbivory in brugmansia suaveolens: is scopolamine responsible for plant resistance?the tropane alkaloid (ta) scopolamine is suggested to protect brugmansia suaveolens (solanaceae) against herbivorous insects. to test this prediction in a natural environment, scopolamine was induced by methyl jasmonate (mj) in potted plants which were left 10 days in the field. mj-treated plants increased their scopolamine concentration in leaves and herbivory decreased. these findings suggest a cause-effect relationship. however, experiments in laboratory showed that scopolamine affect differe ...201223950002
chloroplast-targeted expression of recombinant crystal-protein gene in cotton: an unconventional combat with resistant pests.plants transformed with single bt gene are liable to develop insect resistance and this has already been reported in a number of studies carried out around the world where bt cotton was cultivated on commercial scale. later, it was envisaged to transform plants with more than one bt genes in order to combat with resistant larvae. this approach seems valid as various bt genes possess different binding domains which could delay the likely hazards of insect resistance against a particular bt toxin. ...201323643479
determination and analysis of the genome sequence of spodoptera littoralis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus.the spodoptera littoralis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (splimnpv), a pathogen of the egyptian cotton leaf worm s. littoralis, was subjected to sequencing of its entire dna genome and bioassay analysis comparing its virulence to that of other baculoviruses. the annotated splimnpv genome of 137,998 bp was found to harbor 132 open reading frames and 15 homologous repeat regions. four unique genes not present in spltmnpv were identified, as were 14 genes that were absent or translocated by comparis ...201323219924
telenomus remus nixon egg parasitization of three species of spodoptera under different temperatures.telenomus remus nixon is a promising biocontrol agent as an egg parasitoid of spodoptera spp., but the lack of information on the host-parasitoid interactions in this system precludes its applied use in agriculture. therefore, we studied the parasitism capacity of t. remus on eggs of spodoptera cosmioides (walker), spodoptera eridania (cramer), and spodoptera frugiperda (smith) in a range of temperatures (19, 22, 25, 28, 31, and 34 ± 1°c) under controlled conditions (70 ± 10% rh and 12 h photoph ...201323949860
insensitive trypsins are differentially transcribed during spodoptera frugiperda adaptation against plant protease inhibitors.0the fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda) is an important pest insect due to high degree of polyphagia. in order to better understand its adaptation mechanism against plant protease inhibitors, bioassays were carried supplementing diet with the kunitz trypsin inhibitor from entada acaciifolia seeds (eati). in vitro assays showed an increase of proteolytic activity in eati-fed larvae midgut. moreover, the trypsin enzymes showed insensitivity to inhibition with eati. in order to understand what g ...201323466392
microsatellite markers for genetic studies of the fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda.we developed six microsatellite markers for the fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae). the ssr loci were isolated with enriched genomic library protocol by using native individuals as a genome source for markers. these loci were characterized in 48 individuals and they were tested for the ability to identify candidate migrants exchanged among the samples. the number of alleles per locus ranged from 5 to 18 (10.8 on average). the observed polymorphism information content ra ...201323420361
monitoring of potential cytotoxic and inhibitory effects of titanium dioxide using on-line and non-invasive cell-based impedance spectroscopy.titanium dioxide (tio2) nanoparticles (nps) with different sizes and structures were probed for plausible cytotoxicity using electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ecis), a non-invasive and on-line procedure for continuous monitoring of cytotoxicity. for insect cells (spodoptera frugiperda sf9), the ecis50 values, i.e., the concentration required to achieve 50% inhibition of the response, differed depending on the size and shape of the tio2 nanostructure. the lowest ecis50 value (158 ppm) wa ...201323622968
cell-free systems: functional modules for synthetic and chemical biology.: the main goal of cell-free protein synthesis is to produce correctly folded and functional proteins in reasonable amounts for further downstream applications. especially for eukaryotic proteins, functionality is often directly linked to the presence of posttranslational modifications. thus, it is of highest interest to develop novel cell-free expression systems that enable the synthesis of posttranslationally modified proteins. here we present recent advances for the synthesis of glycoproteins ...201323576054
modification of p115rhogef ser(330) regulates its rhogef activity.p115rhogef is a member of a family of rho-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factors that also contains a regulator of g protein signaling homology domain (rh-rhogefs) that serves as a link between gα13 signaling and rhoa activation. while the mechanism of regulation of p115rhogef by gα13 is becoming well-known, the role of other regulatory mechanisms, such as post-translational modification or autoinhibition, in mediating p115rhogef activity is less well-characterized. here, putative phosphor ...201323816534
genetically engineered maize plants reveal distinct costs and benefits of constitutive volatile emissions in the field.genetic manipulation of plant volatile emissions is a promising tool to enhance plant defences against herbivores. however, the potential costs associated with the manipulation of specific volatile synthase genes are unknown. therefore, we investigated the physiological and ecological effects of transforming a maize line with a terpene synthase gene in field and laboratory assays, both above- and below ground. the transformation, which resulted in the constitutive emission of (e)-β-caryophyllene ...201323425633
biological aspects of eriopis connexa (germar) (coleoptera: coccinellidae) fed on different insect pests of maize (zea mays l.) and sorghum [sorghum bicolor l. (moench.)].eriopis connexa (germar) (coleoptera: coccinellidae) occurs in several countries of south america and its mass rearing is important for biological control programmes. this work evaluated biological aspects of e. connexa larva fed on eggs of anagasta kuehniella (zeller) (lepidoptera: pyralidae) and spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) frozen for one day, fresh eggs of diatraea saccharalis (fabricius) (lepidoptera: pyralidae), s. frugiperda newly-hatched caterpillars, nymph ...201323917572
characterization of a novel peptide toxin from acanthoscurria paulensis spider venom: a distinct cysteine assignment to the hwtx-ii family.spider venom toxins have raised interest in prospecting new drugs and pesticides. nevertheless, few studies are conducted with tarantula toxins, especially with species found in brazil. this study aims to characterize chemically and biologically the first toxin isolated from acanthoscurria paulensis venom. ap1a consists of 48 amino acid residues and has a molecular mass of 5457.79 da. the cloned gene encodes a putative sequence of 23 amino acid residues for the signal peptide and 27 for the pro- ...201323496776
spodoptera frugiperda fkbp-46 is a consensus p53 motif binding protein.p53 protein, the central molecule of the apoptosis pathway, is mutated in 50% of the human cancers. of late, p53 homologues have been identified from different invertebrates including drosophila melanogaster, caenorhabditis elegans, squid, and clams. we report the identification of a p53-like protein in spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) insect cells, which is activated during oxidative stress, caused by exposure to uv-b or h(2) o(2) , and binds to p53 consensus dna binding motifs as well as other p53 ...201323097306
cloning and functional characterization of the lymantria dispar initiator caspase dronc.ld652y cells from the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar, are extremely sensitive to various apoptotic stimuli, whereas bm-n cells from the silkworm, bombyx mori, are relatively resistant to apoptotic stimuli. we previously cloned and characterized a b. mori homologue (bm-dronc) of drosophila melanogaster dronc. in the present study, we cloned and characterized an l. dispar homologue of dronc (ld-dronc) comparatively with bm-dronc. the open reading frame of ld-dronc consisted of 1329bp that was predic ...201323743202
micrornaome of spodoptera frugiperda cells (sf9) and its alteration following baculovirus infection.micrornas (mirnas) as small non-coding rnas play important roles in many biological processes such as development, cell signalling and immune response. studies also suggest that mirnas are important in host-virus interactions where the host limits virus infection by differentially expressing mirnas that target essential viral genes. here, we identified conserved and new mirnas from spodoptera frugiperda cells (sf9) using a combination of deep sequencing and bioinformatics as well as experimental ...201323407421
molecular cloning and characterization of the α-glucosidase ii from bombyx mori and spodoptera frugiperda.the α-glucosidase ii (gii) is a heterodimer of α- and β-subunits and important for n-glycosylation processing and quality control of nascent glycoproteins. although high concentration of α-glucosidase inhibitors from mulberry leaves accumulate in silkworms (bombyx mori) by feeding, silkworm does not show any toxic symptom against these inhibitors and n-glycosylation of recombinant proteins is not affected. we, therefore, hypothesized that silkworm gii is not sensitive to the α-glucosidase inhibi ...201323376632
evolutionary history of x-tox genes in three lepidopteran species: origin, evolution of primary and secondary structure and alternative splicing, generating a repertoire of immune-related proteins.the proteins of the x-tox family have imperfectly conserved tandem repeats of several defensin-like motifs known as cysteine-stabilized αβ (cs-αβ) motifs. these immune-related proteins are inducible and expressed principally in hemocytes, but they have lost the antimicrobial properties of the ancestral defensins from which they evolved. we compared x-tox gene structure and expression in three lepidopteran species (spodoptera frugiperda, helicoverpa armigera and bombyx mori). synteny and phylogen ...201323142192
the sf32 unique gene of spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (sfmnpv) is a non-essential gene that could be involved in nucleocapsid organization in occlusion-derived virions.a recombinant virus lacking the sf32 gene (sf32null), unique to the spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (sfmnpv), was generated by homologous recombination from a bacmid comprising the complete viral genome (sfbac). transcriptional analysis revealed that sf32 is an early gene. occlusion bodies (obs) of sf32null contained 62% more genomic dna than viruses containing the sf32 gene, sfbac and sf32null-repair, although sf32null dna was three-fold less infective when injected in vivo. ...201324204916
effects of rag1 on the preference and performance of soybean defoliators.the rag1 gene confers antibiotic resistance to soybean aphid, aphis glycines matsumura (hemiptera: aphididae), and in 2010, varieties expressing rag1 were released for commercial use in the united states. we do not know how rag1 varieties will influence the broader community of defoliating insects that inhabit soybean fields. in 2010 and 2011, the preference and performance of pest insects that defoliate soybeans [glycines max (l.) merr] were tested using rag1 and aphid-susceptible varieties. th ...201324498760
pest protection conferred by a beta vulgaris serine proteinase inhibitor gene.proteinase inhibitors provide a means of engineering plant resistance to insect pests. a beta vulgaris serine proteinase inhibitor gene (bvsti) was fused to the constitutive camv35s promoter for over-expression in nicotiana benthamiana plants to study its effect on lepidopteran insect pests. independently derived bvsti transgenic tobacco t2 homozygous progeny were shown to have relatively high bvsti gene transcript levels. bvsti-specific polyclonal antibodies cross-reacted with the expected 30 k ...201323468963
analysis of the activity of virus internal ribosome entry site in silkworm bombyx mori.internal ribosome entry site (ires) has been widely used in genetic engineering; however, the application in silkworm (bombyx mori) has hardly been reported. in this study, the biological activity of partial sequence of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) ires, rhopalosiphum padi virus (rhpv) ires, and the hybrid of ires of emcv and rhpv were investigated in spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cell line and silkworm tissues. the hybrid ires of emcv and rhpv showed more effective than emcv ires or rhpv ire ...201323644592
anti-influenza a virus activity of uridine derivatives of 2-deoxy sugars.influenza viruses are important pathogens that cause respiratory infections in humans and animals. apart from vaccinations, antiviral drugs play a significant role in controlling spread of the disease. influenza a virus contains two membrane glycoproteins on the external part of viral envelope: hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na), which are crucial for productive infection in target cells. in the present work, two derivatives of tunicamycin - uridine derivatives of 2-deoxy sugars (designat ...201323911991
inheritance of cry1f resistance, cross-resistance and frequency of resistant alleles in spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae).transgenic maize, zea maize l., expressing the cry1f protein from bacillus thuringiensis has been registered for spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) control since 2003. unexpected damage to cry1f maize was reported in 2006 in puerto rico and cry1f resistance in s. frugiperda was documented. the inheritance of cry1f resistance was characterized in a s. frugiperda resistant strain originating from puerto rico, which displayed >289-fold resistance to purified cry1f. concentration-response bioassays ...201323941623
shared midgut binding sites for cry1a.105, cry1aa, cry1ab, cry1ac and cry1fa proteins from bacillus thuringiensis in two important corn pests, ostrinia nubilalis and spodoptera frugiperda.first generation of insect-protected transgenic corn (bt-corn) was based on the expression of cry1ab or cry1fa proteins. currently, the trend is the combination of two or more genes expressing proteins that bind to different targets. in addition to broadening the spectrum of action, this strategy helps to delay the evolution of resistance in exposed insect populations. one of such examples is the combination of cry1a.105 with cry1fa and cry2ab to control o. nubilalis and s. frugiperda. cry1a.105 ...201323861865
bt crops producing cry1ac, cry2ab and cry1f do not harm the green lacewing, chrysoperla rufilabris.the biological control function provided by natural enemies is regarded as a protection goal that should not be harmed by the application of any new pest management tool. plants producing cry proteins from the bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis (bt), have become a major tactic for controlling pest lepidoptera on cotton and maize and risk assessment studies are needed to ensure they do not harm important natural enemies. however, using cry protein susceptible hosts as prey often compromises such s ...201323544126
insecticidal activity of vip3aa, vip3ad, vip3ae, and vip3af from bacillus thuringiensis against lepidopteran corn pests.vip3aa, vip3ad, vip3ae, and vip3af proteins from bacillus thuringiensis were tested for their toxicity against spodoptera frugiperda and agrotis ipsilon. vip3ad was non-toxic to the two species. vip3ae and vip3af were significantly more toxic than vip3aa against s. frugiperda, both as protoxins and as toxins. against a. ipsilon, vip3ae protoxin was more toxic than vip3aa and vip3af protoxins. purification by metal-chelate affinity chromatography significantly affected vip3ae toxicity against the ...201323415860
bacillus thuringiensis cry1ia10 and vip3aa protein interactions and their toxicity in spodoptera spp. (lepidoptera).the polyphagous pests belonging to the genus spodoptera are considered to be among the most important causes of damage and are widely distributed throughout the americas'. due to the extensive use of genetically modified plants containing bacillus thuringiensis genes that code for insecticidal proteins, resistant insects may arise. to prevent the development of resistance, pyramided plants, which express multiple insecticidal proteins that act through distinct mode of actions, can be used. this ...201323220241
managing the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis, and corn earworm, helicoverpa zea, using bt corn and insecticide treatments.the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (fabricius) (lepidoptera: crambidae) and the corn earworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), are important pests of corn in brazil and have not been successfully managed, because of the difficulty of managing them with pesticides. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of bt corn mon810, transformed with a gene from bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bacillales: bacillaceae) insecticide seed treatment, and foliar insecticid ...201324735131
chimaeric vp2 proteins from infectious bursal disease virus containing the n-terminal m2e of h9 subtype avian influenza virus induce neutralizing antibody responses to both viruses.subunit vaccines capable of inducing antibody against both infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) and h9 subtype avian influenza virus (aiv) were developed. the vp2 protein of ibdv was used as a cargo protein to display a 12-amino-acid immunodominant epitope derived from the n-terminal m2 extracellular domain (nm2e) of the h9 subtype aiv. two chimaeric proteins were constructed by insertion of one copy of the nm2e into the pbc region (vp2bcnm2e(h9)) or by fusing four copies of nm2e to the carbox ...201323607544
codon optimization of the rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv) capsid gene leads to increased gene expression in spodoptera frugiperda 9 (sf9) cells.rabbit hemorrhagic disease (rhd) is contagious and highly lethal. commercial vaccines against rhd are produced from the livers of experimentally infected rabbits. although several groups have reported that recombinant subunit vaccines against rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv) are promising, application of the vaccines has been restricted due to high production costs or low yield. in the present study, we performed codon optimization of the capsid gene to increase the number of preference c ...201323820215
non-structural protein p6 encoded by rice black-streaked dwarf virus is recruited to viral inclusion bodies by binding to the viroplasm matrix protein p9-1.like other members of the family reoviridae, rice black-streaked dwarf virus (rbsdv, genus fijivirus) is thought to replicate and assemble within cytoplasmic viral inclusion bodies, commonly called viroplasms. rbsdv p9-1 is the key protein for the formation of viroplasms, but little is known about the other proteins of the viroplasm or the molecular interactions amongst its components. rbsdv non-structural proteins were screened for their association with p9-1 using a co-immunoprecipitation assa ...201323636822
preparative-cum-quantitative mass-directed analysis of swainsonine and its in situ activity against sf-21 cell line.swainsonine is a polyhydroxy indolizidine alkaloid with various research and potential therapeutic applications. in this work, swainsonine was partially purified (2.5-folds) with acetone-methanol solvent system from metarhizium anisopliae fermentation broth. the partially purified broth was further subjected to mass-directed preparative-cum-quantitative analysis. swainsonine was eluted as ms1 fraction [m + h](+) 174.36 ± 0.21 at 4.91 ± 0.04 min with calculated yield of 7.85 ± 1.59 μg ml(-1) corr ...201323841458
preparation and diagnostic utility of a hemagglutination inhibition test antigen derived from the baculovirus-expressed hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein gene of newcastle disease virus.a recombinant hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (rhn) protein from newcastle disease virus (ndv) with hemagglutination (ha) activity was expressed in spodoptera frugiperda cells using a baculovirus expression system. the rhn protein extracted from infected cells was used as an antigen in a hemagglutination inhibition (hi) test for the detection and titration of ndv-specific antibodies present in chicken sera. the rhn antigen produced high ha titers of 2(13) per 25 μl, which were similar to those of th ...201323820164
a baculovirus-mediated strategy for full-length plant virus coat protein expression and purification.garlic production is severely affected by virus infection, causing a decrease in productivity and quality. there are no virus-free cultivars and garlic-infecting viruses are difficult to purify, which make specific antibody production very laborious. since high quality antisera against plant viruses are important tools for serological detection, we have developed a method to express and purify full-length plant virus coat proteins using baculovirus expression system and insects as bioreactors.201323945471
production and biomedical applications of virus-like particles derived from polyomaviruses.virus-like particles (vlps), aggregates of capsid proteins devoid of viral genetic material, show great promise in the fields of vaccine development and gene therapy. these particles spontaneously self-assemble after heterologous expression of viral structural proteins. this review will focus on the use of virus-like particles derived from polyomavirus capsid proteins. since their first recombinant production 27 years ago these particles have been investigated for a myriad of biomedical applicat ...201323999392
development of influenza h7n9 virus like particle (vlp) vaccine: homologous a/anhui/1/2013 (h7n9) protection and heterologous a/chicken/jalisco/cpa1/2012 (h7n3) cross-protection in vaccinated mice challenged with h7n9 virus.the recent emergence of severe human illness caused by avian-origin influenza a(h7n9) viruses in china has precipitated a global effort to rapidly develop and test vaccine candidates. to date, non-a(h7n9) h7 subtype influenza vaccine candidates have been poorly immunogenic and difficulties in production of a(h7n9) virus seed strains have been encountered. a candidate recombinant a(h7n9) vaccine consisting of full length, unmodified hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) from the a/anhui/1/201 ...201323891795
insecticidal activity of bacillus thuringiensis cry1bh1 against ostrinia nubilalis (hubner) (lepidoptera: crambidae) and other lepidopteran pests.bacillus thuringiensis is an important source of insect resistance traits in commercial crops. in an effort to prolong b. thuringiensis trait durability, insect resistance management programs often include combinations of insecticidal proteins that are not cross resistant or have demonstrable differences in their site of action as a means to mitigate the development of resistant insect populations. in this report, we describe the activity spectrum of a novel b. thuringiensis cry protein, cry1bh1 ...201324077715
the autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus orf78 is essential for budded virus production and general occlusion body formation.orf78 (ac78) of autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) is a baculovirus core gene of unknown function. to determine the role of ac78 in the baculovirus life cycle, an acmnpv mutant with ac78 deleted, ac78ko, was constructed. quantitative pcr analysis revealed that ac78 is a late gene in the viral life cycle. after transfection into spodoptera frugiperda cells, ac78ko produced a single-cell infection phenotype, indicating that no infectious budded viruses (bvs) were produce ...201323698311
sfdronc, an initiator caspase involved in apoptosis in the fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda.initiator caspases are the first caspases that are activated following an apoptotic stimulus, and are responsible for cleaving and activating downstream effector caspases, which directly cause apoptosis. we have cloned a cdna encoding an ortholog of the initiator caspase dronc in the lepidopteran insect spodoptera frugiperda. the sfdronc cdna encodes a predicted protein of 447 amino acids with a molecular weight of 51 kda. overexpression of sfdronc induced apoptosis in sf9 cells, while partial s ...201323474489
investigating the molecular mechanisms of organophosphate and pyrethroid resistance in the fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda.the fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda is an economically important pest of small grain crops that occurs in all maize growing regions of the americas. the intensive use of chemical pesticides for its control has led to the selection of resistant populations, however, to date, the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance have not been characterised. in this study the mechanisms involved in the resistance of two s. frugiperda strains collected in brazil to chlorpyrifos (op strain) or lambda-cy ...201323614047
mechanism of porcine liver xanthine oxidoreductase mediated n-oxide reduction of cyadox as revealed by docking and mutagenesis studies.xanthine oxidoreductase (xor) is a cytoplasmic molybdenum-containing oxidoreductase, catalyzing both endogenous purines and exogenous compounds. it is suggested that xor in porcine hepatocytes catalyzes the n-oxide reduction of quinoxaline 1,4-di-n-oxides (qdnos). to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying this metabolism, the cdna of porcine xor was cloned and heterologously expressed in spodoptera frugiperda insect cells. the bovine xor, showing sequence identity of 91% to porcine xor, wa ...201324040113
indica rice cultivar irga 424, transformed with cry genes of b. thuringiensis, provided high resistance against spodoptera frugiperda (lepidoptera: noctuidae).plant expression of the entomopathogenic bacteria bacillus thuringiensis cry gene has reduced the damage created by insect pests in several economically important cultures. for this study, we have conducted genetic transformation of the indica rice "irga 424", via agrobacterium tumefaciens, using the b. thuringiensis cry1aa and cry1b genes, with the objective of obtaining rice plants resistant to the insect pests from this culture. the gene constructions harbor the promoters maize proteinase inh ...201324498761
biopesticides from plants: calceolaria integrifolia s.l.the effects of persistent organic pollutants (pops) on humans and biodiversity are multiple and varied. nowadays environmentally-friendly pesticides are strongly preferred to pops. it is noteworthy that the crop protection role of pesticides and other techniques, i.e. biopesticides, plant extracts, prevention methods, organic methods, evaluation of plant resistance to certain pests under an integrated pest management (ipm), could improve the risks and benefits which must be assessed on a sound s ...201424893349
baculovirus expression of the avian paramyxovirus 2 hn gene for diagnostic applications.avian paramyxovirus 2 (apmv-2) infections are associated with respiratory diseases in poultry worldwide. the hemagglutination inhibition (hi) test is a useful tool for surveillance and monitoring of this virus. in this study, full-length hemagglutinin (hn) gene of apmv-2 was chemically synthesized based on its published sequence, cloned and expressed in spodoptera frugiperda insect cells using recombinant baculoviruses. the biological, antigenic and immunogenic properties of the expressed protei ...201424374124
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