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production of antifungal chitinase by aspergillus niger lock 62 and its potential role in the biological control.aspergillus niger lock 62 produces an antifungal chitinase. different sources of chitin in the medium were used to test the production of the chitinase. chitinase production was most effective when colloidal chitin and shrimp shell were used as substrates. the optimum incubation period for chitinase production by aspergillus niger lock 62 was 6 days. the chitinase was purified from the culture medium by fractionation with ammonium sulfate and affinity chromatography. the molecular mass of the pu ...201222922773
phytopathogenic fungal inhibitors from celery seeds.extract of celery (apium graveolens l.) seeds was investigated against phytopathogenic fungi. the light petroleum extract showed promising inhibition activities in the tests against rhizoctonia solani and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfecum. chromatographic separation of the extract gave 19 fractions, one of which, qcz-4, possessed significant inhibitory rates of 64.6%, 88.4% and 54.7% at a concentration of 100 ppm against r. solani, f. oxysporium f. sp. vasinfecum and alternaria alternata, res ...201222908573
construction of a new gfp vector and its use for fusaruim oxysporum transformation.in this study, the gfp fragment as a reporter gene had integrated into the form plasmid vector pbc-hygro which contains an expressive promoter of the fungus to facilitate the transformation of fusarium oxysporum. the resultant plasmid pbc-hygro-gfp was identified by digestion with enzymes. binary plasmids pbc-hygro-gfp were transformed into f. oxysporum by using the peg-cacl2 mediated transformation technique. results show that the recombinant plasmid pbc-hygro-gfp was constructed correctly. the ...201223961215
the lateral organ boundaries domain transcription factor lbd20 functions in fusarium wilt susceptibility and jasmonate signaling in arabidopsis.the lateral organ boundaries (lob) domain (lbd) gene family encodes plant-specific transcriptional regulators functioning in organ development. in a screen of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) sequence-indexed transferred dna insertion mutants, we found disruption of the lob domain-containing protein20 (lbd20) gene led to increased resistance to the root-infecting vascular wilt pathogen fusarium oxysporum. in wild-type plants, lbd20 transcripts were barely detectable in leaves but abundant in r ...201222786889
identification of fungal phytopathogens using fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection spectroscopy and advanced statistical methods.the early diagnosis of phytopathogens is of a great importance; it could save large economical losses due to crops damaged by fungal diseases, and prevent unnecessary soil fumigation or the use of fungicides and bactericides and thus prevent considerable environmental pollution. in this study, 18 isolates of three different fungi genera were investigated; six isolates of colletotrichum coccodes, six isolates of verticillium dahliae and six isolates of fusarium oxysporum. our main goal was to dif ...201222352668
molecular cloning and functional analysis of a recombinant ribosome-inactivating protein (alpha-momorcharin) from momordica charantia.alpha-momorcharin (α-mc), a member of the ribosome-inactivating protein (rip) family, has been used not only as antiviral, antimicrobial, and antitumor agents, but also as toxicant to protozoa, insects, and fungi. in this study, we expressed the protein in escherichia coli rosetta (de3) plyss strain and purified it by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid affinity chromatography. a total of 85 mg of homogeneous protein was obtained from 1 l culture supernatant of rosetta (de3) plyss, showing a high recov ...201222262229
synthesis of 4'-thiosemicarbazonegriseofulvin and its effects on the control of enzymatic browning and postharvest disease of fruits.4'-thiosemicarbazonegriseofulvin, a new thiosemicarbazide derivative of griseofulvin, was synthesized and evaluated for its potential in the control of enzymatic browning and postharvest disease of fruits. browning on fruits is mainly due to the enzymatic oxidation of phenolic compounds catalyzed by tyrosinase. 4'-thiosemicarbazonegriseofulvin could effectively inhibit the activity of tyrosinase, and its 50% inhibitory concentration (ic(50)) against tyrosinase was determined to be 37.8 μm. it wa ...201223025498
hybrid molecules of carvacrol and benzoyl urea/thiourea with potential applications in agriculture and medicine.benzoyl phenyl urea, a class of insect growth regulator's acts by inhibiting chitin synthesis. carvacrol, a naturally occurring monoterpenoid is an effective antifungal agent. we have structurally modified carvacrol (2-methyl-5-[1-methylethyl] phenol) by introducing benzoylphenyl urea linkage. two series of benzoylcarvacryl thiourea (bctu, 4a-f) and benzoylcarvacryl urea (bcu, 5a-f) derivatives were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, ir, (1)h and (13)c nmr and mass spectroscopy. d ...201222850211
the wor1-like protein fgp1 regulates pathogenicity, toxin synthesis and reproduction in the phytopathogenic fungus fusarium graminearum.wor1 is a gene for a conserved fungal regulatory protein controlling the dimorphic switch and pathogenicity determents in candida albicans and its ortholog in the plant pathogen fusarium oxysporum, called sge1, is required for pathogenicity and expression of key plant effector proteins. f. graminearum, an important pathogen of cereals, is not known to employ switching and no effector proteins from f. graminearum have been found to date that are required for infection. in this study, the potentia ...201222693448
characterization of an endophytic whorl-forming streptomyces from catharanthus roseus stems producing polyene macrolide antibiotic.an endophytic whorl-forming streptomyces sp. designated as ts3ro having antifungal activity against a large number of fungal pathogens, including sclerotinia sclerotiorum, rhizoctonia solani, colletotrichum gloeosporioides, cryphonectria parasitica, fusarium oxysporum, pyrenophora tritici-repentis, epidermophyton floccosum, and trichophyton rubrum, was isolated from surface-sterilized catharanthus roseus stems. preliminary identification showed that streptomyces cinnamoneus subsp. sparsus was it ...201222524528
composition and antipathogenic activities of the twig essential oil of chamaecyparis formosensis from taiwan.in this study, antipathogenic activities of the twig essential oil and its constituents from chamaecyparis formosensis matsum were evaluated in vitro against six plant pathogenic fungi. the essential oil from the fresh twigs was isolated using hydrodistillation in a clevenger-type apparatus, and characterized by gc-fid and gc-ms. twenty-five compounds were identified, representing 98.9% of the oil. the main components were beta-eudesmol (25.1%), tau-muurolol (21.6%), elemol (15.0%), totarol (14. ...201222908586
expression of recombinant earli1, a hybrid proline-rich protein of arabidopsis, in escherichia coli and its inhibition effect to the growth of fungal pathogens and saccharomyces cerevisiae.earli1 is an arabidopsis gene with pleiotropic effects previously shown to have auxiliary functions in protecting plants against freezing-induced cellular damage and promoting germinability under low-temperature and salinity stresses. here we determined whether recombinant earli1 protein has anti-fungal activity. recombinant earli1 protein lacking its signal peptide was produced in escherichia coli bl21(de3) using isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (iptg) induction and the prokaryotic express ...201222759515
expression of the ginseng pgpr10-1 in arabidopsis confers resistance against fungal and bacterial infection.korean ginseng (panax ginseng c. a. meyer) consists of nine cultivars from three jakyung, chungkyung, and hwangsook lines. among three previously identified pr-10 homologs from ginseng (pgpr10-1, pgpr10-2, and pgpr10-3), we found that the exact same sequence of pgpr10-2 exist in all tested nine cultivars. but a deletion and snp was found in american ginseng (panax quinquefolius). pr-10 proteins are known to be small and cytosolic, and showed similar three-dimensional structure. here we show that ...201222750300
purification, characterization of a ckchn134 protein from cynanchum komarovii seeds and synergistic effect with cktlp against verticillium dahliae.cynanchum komarovii al iljinski is a desert plant that has been used as analgesic, anthelminthic, and antidiarrheal, but also as herbal medicine to treat cholecystitis in people. in this work, an antifungal protein with sequence homology to chitinase was isolated from c. komarovii seeds and named ckchn134. the three-dimensional structure prediction of ckchn134 indicated that the protein has a loop domain formed a thin cleft, which is able to bind molecules and substrates. the protein and cktlp s ...201222532259
the top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology.the aim of this review was to survey all fungal pathologists with an association with the journal molecular plant pathology and ask them to nominate which fungal pathogens they would place in a 'top 10' based on scientific/economic importance. the survey generated 495 votes from the international community, and resulted in the generation of a top 10 fungal plant pathogen list for molecular plant pathology. the top 10 list includes, in rank order, (1) magnaporthe oryzae; (2) botrytis cinerea; (3) ...201222471698
synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation and spectroscopic characterization of novel imidazolone, triazole and triazinone derivatives.the reactions of 2-phenyl-4-arylmethylene-2-oxazolin-5-ones (1a, b) and 2-phenyl-4-arylazo-2-oxazolin-5-ones (8a, b) with p-aminoazobenzene derivatives (2a-c) gave the corresponding imidazolone derivatives (4a-f) and triazole derivatives (10a-f), respectively. also, the reaction of 1a with o-aminophenol to give the imidazolone derivative 5 was studied. the reaction of 1a with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine gave the corresponding 1,2,4-triazine derivatives 14a-c, respectively. the newly synthesized c ...201222796528
the ultrasound-assisted extraction and identification of antifungal substances from b. amyloliquefaciens strain njn-6 suppressing fusarium oxysporum.the primary mechanism underlying antagonism among microorganisms is the production of antagonistic substances called antibiotics that inhibit the growth of pathogens. in this study, the antagonistic substances produced by the bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain njn-6 that had antifungal activity against fusarium oxysporum were extracted and identified. the active antifungal substance was extracted from dried leavening with ultrasound-assisted extraction (uae), using n -butanol as the extractant. h ...201222581589
prp8 inteins in species of the genus botrytis and other ascomycetes.the mobile elements termed inteins have a sporadic distribution in microorganisms. it is unclear how these elements are maintained. inteins are intervening protein sequences that autocatalytically excise themselves from a precursor. excision is a post-translational process referred to as 'protein splicing' in which the sequences flanking the intein are ligated, reforming the mature host protein. some inteins contain a homing endonuclease domain (heg) that is proposed to facilitate propagation of ...201222285471
[diversity and antimicrobial activities of actinomycetes from pesticide-contaminated spots in shandong peninsula].in order to study diversity and find antimicrobial activities of actinomycetes from pesticide-contaminated spots in shandong peninsula.201222799208
antifungal activity of bacillus amyloliquefaciens njn-6 volatile compounds against fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense.bacillus amyloliquefaciens njn-6 produces volatile compounds (vocs) that inhibit the growth and spore germination of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. among the total of 36 volatile compounds detected, 11 compounds completely inhibited fungal growth. the antifungal activity of these compounds suggested that vocs can play important roles over short and long distances in the suppression of fusarium oxysporum.201222685147
production of bacillomycin- and macrolactin-type antibiotics by bacillus amyloliquefaciens njn-6 for suppressing soilborne plant pathogens.bacillus amyloliquefaciens strains have been used as biocontrol agents for the suppression of several soilborne plant pathogens. a clearer understanding of the antagonistic mechanisms of action of these bacteria will facilitate their use in the control of plant diseases. antagonistic substances were isolated from the fermentation broth of b. amyloliquefaciens strain njn-6 cultures. these compounds were preconcentrated using an xad-16 column and were purified using reversed-phase high-performance ...201222385216
isolation and molecular characterization of a novel strain of bacillus with antifungal activity from the sorghum rhizosphere.we looked for bacterial strains with antifungal activity in the sorghum rhizosphere. a prescreening procedure to search for hemolytic activity among the isolated strains allowed us to detect good fungitoxic activity in a bacterial isolate that we named um96. this bacterial isolate showed strong growth inhibition in bioassays against the pathogens diaporthe phaseolorum, colletotrichum acutatum, rhizoctonia solani, and fusarium oxysporum. the supernatant of isolate um96 also showed strong hemolyti ...201222869080
the rhizospheres of traditional medicinal plants in panxi, china, host a diverse selection of actinobacteria with antimicrobial properties.actinobacteria are a prolific source of antibiotics. since the rate of discovery of novel antibiotics is decreasing, actinobacteria from unique environments need to be explored. in particular, actinobacterial biocontrol strains from medicinal plants need to be studied as they can be a source of potent antibiotics. we combined culture-dependent and culture-independent methods in analyzing the actinobacterial diversity in the rhizosphere of seven traditional medicinal plant species from panxi, chi ...201222286515
transposition of the miniature inverted-repeat transposable element mimp1 in the wheat pathogen fusarium culmorum.high-throughput methods are needed for functional genomics analysis in fusarium culmorum, the cause of crown and foot rot on wheat and a type b trichothecene producer. our aim was to develop and test the efficacy of a double-component system based on the ability of the impala transposase to transactivate the miniature inverted-repeat transposable element mimp1 of fusarium oxysporum. we report, for the first time, the application of a tagging system based on a heterologous transposon and of splin ...201222897438
enhanced antifungal and insect α-amylase inhibitory activities of alpha-tvd1, a peptide variant of tephrosia villosa defensin (tvd1) generated through in vitro mutagenesis.tvd1 is a small, cationic, and highly stable defensin from the weedy legume, tephrosia villosa with demonstrated in vitro antifungal activity. we show here peptide modifications in tvd1 that lead to enhanced antifungal activities. three peptide variants, s32r, d37r, and alpha-tvd1 (-g-m-t-r-t-) with variations in and around the β2-β3 loop region that imposes the two β-strands, β2 and β3 were generated through in vitro mutagenesis. alpha-tvd1 exhibited enhanced antifungal activity against the fun ...201222244814
rapid identification of fusarium graminearum species complex using rolling circle amplification (rca).rolling circle amplification (rca) of dna is a sensitive and cost effective method for the rapid identification of pathogenic fungi without the need for sequencing. amplification products can be visualized on 1% agarose gel to verify the specificity of probe-template binding or directly by adding fluorescent dyes. fusarium head blight (fhb) is currently the world's largest threat to the production of cereal crops with the production of a range of mycotoxins as an additional risk. we designed set ...201222326479
genetic variation of fusarium oxysporum isolates forming fumonisin b(1) and moniliformin.thirty single-spore isolates of a toxigenic fungus, fusarium oxysporum, were isolated from asparagus spears and identified by species-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef) sequence analysis. in the examined sets of f. oxysporum isolates, the dna sequences of mating type genes (mat) were identified. the distribution of mat idiomorph may suggest that mat1-2 is a predominant mating type in the f. oxysporum population. f. oxysporum is mainly recognised ...201222367665
a bacterial-fungal metaproteomic analysis enlightens an intriguing multicomponent interaction in the rhizosphere of lactuca sativa.fusarium oxysporum msa 35 [wild-type (wt) strain] is an antagonistic isolate that protects plants against pathogenic fusaria. this strain lives in association with ectosymbiotic bacteria. when cured of the prokaryotic symbionts [cured (cu) form], the fungus is pathogenic, causing wilt symptoms similar to those of f. oxysporum f.sp. lactucae. the aim of this study was to understand if and how the host plant lactuca sativa contributes to the expression of the antagonistic/pathogenic behaviors of m ...201222360353
characterization of an antifungal compound produced by bacillus sp. strain a(5) f that inhibits sclerotinia sclerotiorum.a potential antagonist, bacillus sp. strain a(5) f was isolated from soybean rhizosphere following in vitro dual plate screening. the bacterium displayed strong inhibitory activity in vitro against soybean stem rot pathogen, sclerotinia sclerotiorum. the culture supernatant of strain a(5) f completely suppressed the mycelial growth of the pathogen, indicating that suppression was due to the presence of antifungal compounds in the culture filtrate. the culture filtrate also suppressed other phyto ...201222359152
tomato immune receptor ve1 recognizes effector of multiple fungal pathogens uncovered by genome and rna sequencing.fungal plant pathogens secrete effector molecules to establish disease on their hosts, and plants in turn use immune receptors to try to intercept these effectors. the tomato immune receptor ve1 governs resistance to race 1 strains of the soil-borne vascular wilt fungi verticillium dahliae and verticillium albo-atrum, but the corresponding verticillium effector remained unknown thus far. by high-throughput population genome sequencing, a single 50-kb sequence stretch was identified that only occ ...201222416119
antifungal activity of phenyl derivative of pyranocoumarin from psoralea corylifolia l. seeds by inhibition of acetylation activity of trichothecene 3-o-acetyltransferase (tri101).antifungal activity of petroleum ether extract of psoralea corylifolia l. seed, tested against fusarium sp. namely, fusarium oxysporum, fusarium moniliforme, and fusarium graminearum, was evaluated by agar well diffusion assay. the chromatographic fractionation of the extract yielded a new phenyl derivative of pyranocoumarin (pdp). the structure of the pdp was confirmed using spectroscopic characterization (gc-ms, ir, and nmr), and a molecular mass of m/z 414 [m-2h](+) with molecular formula c(2 ...201222778547
linking fungal communities in roots, rhizosphere, and soil to the health status of pisum sativum.changes in fungal communities associated with healthy and diseased pea roots were investigated using deep amplicon pyrosequencing in three spatial compartments: roots, rhizosphere, and surrounding soil. thirty root systems were collected from three fields, half of which showing clear symptoms of root rot. in total, 500,461 internal transcribed spacer-1 sequences were obtained that were clustered into 123 (roots), 271 (rhizosphere), and 440 (bulk soil) nonsingleton operational taxonomic units (ot ...201222775574
diversity and chemotaxis of soil bacteria with antifungal activity against fusarium wilt of banana.the chemotactic response of bacteria to root exudates plays an important role in the colonization of bacteria in the rhizosphere. in this study, 420 strains of antifungal bacteria against fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (foc) were screened for chemotaxis based on a chea molecular diagnostic method. a total of 124 strains with antifungal efficiencies of 27.26-67.14 % generated a characteristic band of chea. the chemotaxis of 97 bacterial strains producing a chea band was confirmed using the dro ...201222763749
extraction optimization of water-extracted mycelial polysaccharide from endophytic fungus fusarium oxysporum dzf17 by response surface methodology.water-extracted mycelial polysaccharide (wps) from the endophytic fungus fusarium oxysporum dzf17 isolated from dioscorea zingiberensis was found to be an efficient elicitor to enhance diosgenin accumulation in d. zingigerensis cultures, and also demonstrated antioxidant activity. in this study, response surface methodology (rsm) was employed to optimize the extraction process of wps from f. oxysporum dzf17 using box-behnken design (bbd). the ranges of the factors investigated were 1-3 h for ext ...201222754306
molecular screening of streptomyces isolates for antifungal activity and family 19 chitinase enzymes.thirty soil-isolates of streptomyces were analyzed to determine their antagonism against plant-pathogenic fungi including fusarium oxysporum, pythium aristosporum, colletotrichum gossypii, and rhizoctonia solani. seven isolates showed antifungal activity against one or more strain of the tested fungi. based on the 16s rdna sequence analysis, these isolates were identified as streptomyces tendae (yh3), s. griseus (yh8), s. variabilis (yh21), s. endus (yh24), s. violaceusniger (yh27a), s. endus (y ...201222752910
the structure of a gh10 xylanase from fusarium oxysporum reveals the presence of an extended loop on top of the catalytic cleft.xylanase enzymes have been the focus of considerable research in recent decades owing to their extensive use in a variety of biotechnological applications. previous structural studies of a number of gh10 xylanases revealed that all gh10 family members have the (β/α)(8)-barrel fold and their catalytic site is conserved. the structure of a new gh10 xylanase from fusarium oxysporum (foxyn10a) was determined at 1.94 å resolution from crystals belonging to the tetragonal space group p4(1)2(1)2 with f ...201222751658
integrated management of foot rot of lentil using biocontrol agents under field condition.the efficacy of cowdung, bangladesh institute of nuclear agriculture (bina)-biofertilizer, and bangladesh agricultural university (bau)-biofungicide, alone or in combination, was evaluated for controlling foot rot disease of lentil. the results exhibited that bina-biofertilizer and baubiofungicide (peat soil-based rhizobium leguminosarum and black gram bran-based trichoderma harzianum) are compatible and have combined effects in controlling the pathogenic fungi fusarium oxysporum and sclerotium ...201222580305
synthesis, spectroscopic and biological activities studies of acyclic and macrocyclic mono and binuclear metal complexes containing a hard-soft schiff base.mono- and bi-nuclear acyclic and macrocyclic complexes with hard-soft schiff base, h(2)l, ligand derived from the reaction of 4,6-diacetylresorcinol and thiocabohydrazide, in the molar ratio 1:2 have been prepared. the h(2)l ligand reacts with co(ii), ni(ii), cu(ii), zn(ii), mn(ii) and uo(2)(vi) nitrates, vo(iv) sulfate and ru(iii) chloride to get acyclic binuclear complexes except for vo(iv) and ru(iii) which gave acyclic mono-nuclear complexes. reaction of the acyclic mono-nuclear vo(iv) and r ...201222580137
the antagonism activity of bacteria isolated from potato cultivated soil.soil-borne fungal and bacterial root pathogens can cause serious losses to agricultural crops. resistant plant varieties are not available for several soil-borne pathogens and chemical control is often insufficiently effective in soil. the enhancement of disease suppressive properties of soils will limit disease development, thus, being of great importance for sustainable agriculture as well as organic farming systems. the aim of this research is to find and identify suppressive soils in the sét ...201223878982
cloning and expression of pathogenesis-related protein 4 from jelly fig (ficus awkeotsang makino) achenes associated with ribonuclease, chitinase and anti-fungal activities.a cdna fragment (fapr4) encoding a class i pathogenesis-related protein 4 (pr-4) from ficus awkeotsang was obtained by pcr cloning. plant pr-4s were grouped into class i and ii, differing by the presence of chtbd and hinge. the predicted mature fapr4 comprises n-terminal chitin-binding domain (chtbd), hinge, barwin domain and c-terminal extension. fapr4-c, an n-terminal truncated form of fapr4, was designed to mimic the structural feature of class ii pr-4s. fapr4 and fapr4-c were over-expressed ...201222579939
molecular characterization of syrian date palm cultivars using plasmid-like dna markers.date palm (phoenix dactylifera l.) is one of the most important domesticated fruit trees in the near east and north african countries. this tree has been, for several decades, in serious threat of being completely destroyed by the "bayoud" disease caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis. in this study, 18 syrian date palm cultivars and four male trees were analyzed according to the identity of mitochondrial plasmid-like dnas. a pcr strategy that employs plasmid-like dnas-specific primer pa ...201222568006
synthesis and fungicidal activity of novel 3-(substituted/unsubstituted phenylselenonyl)-1-ribosyl/deoxyribosyl-1h-1,2,4-triazole.reaction of potassium 1h-1,2,4-triazole-3-selenolate (i) with acetylated ribose/deoxyribose (iia,b) in the presence of montmorillonite k 10 as a solid adsorbent furnished potassium 1-acetylated ribosyl/deoxyribosyl-1h-1,2,4-triazole-3-selenolate (iiia,b) with excellent yield under microwave irradiation in solvent-free conditions. this eliminates a series of complex isolation procedures and often minimizes the use of a large amount of expensive, toxic, and hazardous solvents after each step. this ...201222563913
synthesis and bioactivity of pyrazole acyl thiourea derivatives.sixteen novel pyrazole acyl thiourea derivatives 6 were synthesized from monomethylhydrazine (phenylhydrazine) and ethyl acetoacetate. the key 5-chloro-3-methyl-1-substituted-1h-pyrazole-4-carbonyl chloride intermediates 4 were first generated in four steps through cyclization, formylation, oxidation and acylation. thess were then reacted with ammonium thiocyanate in the presence of peg-400 to afford 5-chloro-3-methyl-1-substituted-1h-pyrazole-4-carbonyl isothiocyanates 5. subsequent reaction wi ...201222555301
a pr-1-like protein of fusarium oxysporum functions in virulence on mammalian hosts.the pathogenesis-related pr-1-like protein family comprises secreted proteins from the animal, plant, and fungal kingdoms whose biological function remains poorly understood. here we have characterized a pr-1-like protein, fpr1, from fusarium oxysporum, an ubiquitous fungal pathogen that causes vascular wilt disease on a wide range of plant species and can produce life-threatening infections in immunocompromised humans. fpr1 is secreted and proteolytically processed by the fungus. the fpr1 gene ...201222553200
recalcitrant purulent paronychia and onychomycosis caused by fusarium oxysporum. 201222551386
fusaric acid is a crucial factor in the disturbance of leaf water imbalance in fusarium-infected banana plants.fusarium wilt of banana is caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense infection. the initial chlorosis symptoms occur progressively from lower to upper leaves, with wilt symptoms subsequently occurring in the whole plant. to determine the effect of the pathogen infection on the gas exchange characteristics and water content in banana leaves, hydroponic experiments with pathogen inoculation were conducted in a greenhouse. compared with control plants, infected banana seedlings showed a higher le ...201222964424
identification and antibacterial characteristics of an endophytic fungus fusarium oxysporum from lilium lancifolium.the aim of this study is to isolate and identify an endophytic fungus with antibacterial activity from the asian medicinal and culinary plant lilium lancifolium and to study the characteristics of its major antibacterial fractions.201222967218
purification and characterization of an alkaliphilic choline oxidase of fusarium oxysporum.a novel choline oxidase found in a fungus, fusarium oxysporum strain v2, was purified to homogeneity as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the enzyme has a molecular mass of 128 kda and consists of two identical subunits. the purified enzyme showed adsorption peaks at 340 nm and 450 nm. it showed alkaliphilic ph characteristics: its optimum ph was 9.0-10.0, and it was stable at ph 8.0-10.2. the michaelis constant (km) values for choline and betaine aldehyde ...201223221722
antifungal activity of (kw)n or (rw)n peptide against fusarium solani and fusarium oxysporum.the presence of lysine (lys) or arginine (arg) and tryptophan (trp) are important for the antimicrobial effects of cationic peptides. therefore, we designed and synthesized a series of antimicrobial peptides with various numbers of lys (or arg) and trp repeats [(kw and rw)(n)-nh(2), where n equals 2, 3, 4, or 5]. antifungal activities of these peptides increased with chain length. light microscopy demonstrated that longer peptides (n = 4, 5) strongly inhibited in vitro growth of fusarium solani, ...201223203110
origin of pisatin demethylase (pda) in the genus fusarium.host specificity of plant pathogens can be dictated by genes that enable pathogens to circumvent host defenses. upon recognition of a pathogen, plants initiate defense responses that can include the production of antimicrobial compounds such as phytoalexins. the pea pathogen nectria haematococca mating population vi (mpvi) is a filamentous ascomycete that contains a cluster of genes known as the pea pathogenicity (pep) cluster in which the pisatin demethylase (pda) gene resides. the pda gene pro ...201222985693
thermographic visualization of leaf response in cucumber plants infected with the soil-borne pathogen fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum.infection with the soil-borne pathogen fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (foc), which causes fusarium wilt of cucumber plants, might result in changes in plant transpiration and water status within leaves. to monitor leaf response in cucumber infected with foc, digital infrared thermography (dit) was employed to detect changes in leaf temperature. during the early stages of foc infection, stomata closure was induced by aba in leaves, resulting in a decreased transpiration rate and increased ...201223103050
the role of a dark septate endophytic fungus, veronaeopsis simplex y34, in fusarium disease suppression in chinese cabbage.the soil-inhabiting fungal pathogen fusarium oxysporum has been an increasing threat to chinese cabbage (brassica campestris l.). a dark septate endophytic fungus, veronaeopsis simplex y34, isolated from yaku island, japan, was evaluated in vitro for the ability to suppress fusarium disease. seedlings grown in the presence of the endophyte showed a 71% reduction in fusarium wilt disease and still had good growth. the disease control was achieved through a synergetic effect involving a mechanical ...201222923110
biotransformation of salvianolic acid b by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum and its two degradation routes.resting cells of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (f. oxsporum) were used for the biotransformation of salvianolic acid b (sal b). three transformed products, isolithospermic acid, prolithospermic acid and danshensu, were identified on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic data. the stability of the two ester bonds of sal b was studied and two degradation routes were found. in the biotransformation system, sal b was transformed into isolithospermic acid first which was then converted into ...201222908572
visualizing and quantifying fusarium oxysporum in the plant host.host-specific forms of fusarium oxysporum infect the roots of numerous plant species. i present a novel application of familiar methodology to visualize and quantify f. oxysporum in roots. infection in the roots of arabidopsis thaliana, tomato, and cotton was detected with colorimetric reagents that are substrates for fusarium spp.-derived arabinofuranosidase and n-acetyl-glucosaminidase activities and without the need for genetic modification of either plant host or fungal pathogen. similar pat ...201222894177
bioefficacy of novel cyanobacteria-amended formulations in suppressing damping off disease in tomato seedlings.biological control of plant pathogens is receiving increasing relevance, as compared to chemical methods, as they are eco-friendly, economical and indirectly improve plant quality and yield attributes. an investigation was undertaken to evaluate the potential of antagonistic cyanobacteria (anabaena variabilis rpan59 and a. oscillarioides rpan69) fortified formulations for suppressing damping off disease in tomato seedlings challenged by the inoculation of a fungal consortium (pythium debaryanum, ...201222869418
suppression of fusarium oxysporum and induced resistance of plants involved in the biocontrol of cucumber fusarium wilt by streptomyces bikiniensis hd-087.cucumber fusarium wilt, caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, which usually leads to severe economic damage, is a common destructive disease worldwide. to date, no effective method has yet been found to counteract this disease. a fungal isolate, designated hd-087, which was identified as streptomyces bikiniensis using physiological-biochemical identification and 16s rrna sequence analysis, is shown to possess distinctive inhibitory activity against f. oxysporum. the fermentation broth ...201222806732
a pleiotropic drug resistance transporter in nicotiana tabacum is involved in defense against the herbivore manduca sexta.pleiotropic drug resistance (pdr) transporters are a group of membrane proteins belonging to the abcg sub-family of atp binding cassette (abc) transporters. there is clear evidence for the involvement of plant abc transporters in resistance to fungal and bacterial pathogens, but not in the biotic stress response to insect or herbivore attack. here, we describe a pdr transporter, abcg5/pdr5, from nicotiana tabacum. gfp fusion and subcellular fractionation studies revealed that abcg5/pdr5 is local ...201222804955
petunia floral defensins with unique prodomains as novel candidates for development of fusarium wilt resistance in transgenic banana plants.antimicrobial peptides are a potent group of defense active molecules that have been utilized in developing resistance against a multitude of plant pathogens. floral defensins constitute a group of cysteine-rich peptides showing potent growth inhibition of pathogenic filamentous fungi especially fusarium oxysporum in vitro. full length genes coding for two petunia floral defensins, phdef1 and phdef2 having unique c-terminal 31 and 27 amino acid long predicted prodomains, were overexpressed in tr ...201222745785
high-resolution melting analysis allowed fast and accurate closed-tube genotyping of fusarium oxysporum formae speciales complex.the fungus fusarium oxysporum is a highly complex species composed by many strains put together into groups called formae speciales. as it is difficult and laborious to discriminate fusarium formae specials via biochemical or phenotypic methods, it is very important to develop novel, rapid, and simple to perform identification methods. herein, real-time pcr assay [using universal internal transcribed spacer (its) primers] coupled with high-resolution melting (hrm) analysis was developed for iden ...201222670678
fungal endophytes from three cultivars of panax ginseng meyer cultivated in korea.in order to investigate the diversity of endophytes, fungal endophytes in panax ginseng meyer cultivated in korea were isolated and identified using internal transcribed spacer (its) sequences of ribosomal dna. three cultivars of 3-year-old ginseng roots (chunpoong, yunpoong, and gumpoong) were used to isolate fungal endophytes. surface sterilized ginseng roots were placed on potato dextrose agar plates supplemented with ampicilin and streptomycin to inhibit bacterial growth. overall, 38 fungal ...201223717111
ginkgolide b produced endophytic fungus (fusarium oxysporum) isolated from ginkgo biloba.to screen the presence of ginkgolide b-producing endophytic fungi from the root bark of ginkgo biloba, a total of 27 fungal isolates, belonging to 6 different genus, were isolated from the internal root bark of the plant ginkgo biloba. the fungal isolates were fermented on solid media and their metabolites were analyzed by tlc. the obtained potential ginkgolides-producing fungus, the isolate syp0056 which was identified as fusarium oxysporum, was successively cultured in the liquid fermentation ...201222537641
bromelain, a cysteine protease from pineapple (ananas comosus) stem, is an inhibitor of fungal plant pathogens.this study aimed to evaluate the effect of bromelain, a cysteine protease isolated from pineapple (ananas comosus), on growth of several agronomically important fungal pathogens.201222537505
genetic diversity analysis and development of scar marker for detection of indian populations of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris causing chickpea wilt.genetic diversity of the isolates of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris causing chickpea wilt collected from 12 states representing different agro-ecological regions of india was determined through randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers. the upgma cluster analysis grouped the isolates into eight categories showing high magnitude of genetic diversity. each group had the isolates from different states present in various agro-ecological regions of india. therefore, the groups generated th ...201222528298
dimerization of plant defensin nad1 enhances its antifungal activity.the plant defensin, nad1, from the flowers of nicotiana alata, is a member of a family of cationic peptides that displays growth inhibitory activity against several filamentous fungi, including fusarium oxysporum. the antifungal activity of nad1 has been attributed to its ability to permeabilize membranes; however, the molecular basis of this function remains poorly defined. in this study, we have solved the structure of nad1 from two crystal forms to high resolution (1.4 and 1.58 å, respectivel ...201222511788
endophytic fungi from pigeon pea [cajanus cajan (l.) millsp.] produce antioxidant cajaninstilbene acid.in this study, novel endophytic fungi producing cajaninstilbene acid (csa) from pigeon pea [ cajanus cajan (l.) millsp.] were investigated and screened. csa has prominent pharmacological activities. a total of 110 endophytic fungi isolates were grouped into 8 genera on the basis of morphological characteristics, and csa-producing fungi were screened by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms). according to its-rdna sequences analysis, the csa-producing fungi were identified as f ...201222494407
fungi associated with the southern eurasian orchid spiranthes spiralis (l.) chevall.the hitherto unknown relationships between the european orchid spiranthes spiralis (l.) chevall and its internally associated fungi were explored by a combined approach involving microscopy-based investigations at a morpho-histological level as well as by molecular analyses of the identity of the eukaryotic endophytes present in the root tissue of the plant. we found that this orchid which is currently reported to have a vulnerable status in northern italy, can host and interact with at least ni ...201222483052
pcr-rapd profiling of fusarium spp. causing guava wilt disease in india.wilt is a serious disease of the guava crop in india. fusarium oxysporum f. sp. psidii and f. solani have been reported as causative agents of this disease. in this study, 42 isolates each of f. oxysporum f. sp. psidii and f. solani, were isolated from guava cultivars and characterized by randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) method. thirty rapd primers were tested in the genome of fusarium spp. and the number of scorable bands for corresponding primer ranged from 1-8 with an average of 5 ba ...201222428893
exploiting the inter-strain divergence of fusarium oxysporum for microbial bioprocessing of lignocellulose to bioethanol.microbial bioprocessing of lignocellulose to bioethanol still poses challenges in terms of substrate catabolism. a targeted evolution-based study was undertaken to determine if inter-strain microbial variability could be exploited for bioprocessing of lignocellulose to bioethanol. the microorganism studied was fusarium oxysporum because of its capacity to both saccharify and ferment lignocellulose. strains of f. oxysporum were isolated and assessed for their genetic variability. using optimised ...201222420408
biological impact of divergent land management practices on tomato crop health.development of sustainable food systems is contingent upon the adoption of land management practices that can mitigate damage from soilborne pests. five diverse land management practices were studied for their impacts on fusarium wilt (fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici), galling of roots by meloidogyne spp. and marketable yield of tomato (solanum lycopersicum) and to identify associations between the severity of pest damage and the corresponding soil microbial community structure. the incide ...201222352308
comparison of the spores of paenibacillus polymyxa prepared at different temperatures.paenibacillus polymyxa sqr-21, which is antagonistic against fusarium oxysporum, is used as a biocontrol agent and, when mixed with organic substances for solid fermentation, produces a bioorganic fertilizer. the spores of p. polymyxa prepared at different temperatures were characterized with respect to the dipicolinic acid content, heat resistance, fatty acid composition and germination. spores prepared at 37°c showed higher heat resistance than those prepared at 25 and 30°c. however, the germi ...201222294453
high levels of diversity in fusarium oxysporum from non-cultivated ecosystems in australia.the fusarium oxysporum species complex (fosc) is a ubiquitous ascomycetous group that includes both pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains, the former being responsible for disease in over 100 cultivated plant species. previous phylogenetic studies have uncovered at least four major clades within the fosc, with clade 1 hypothesised as being ancestral. however, the origin of these clades and pathogenic strains is poorly understood. due to an emphasis on agricultural isolates in previous studies, t ...201222289774
pseudomonas aeruginosa strain wi-1 from mandovi estuary possesses metallothionein to alleviate lead toxicity and promotes plant growth.a bacterial isolate from mandovi estuary goa, india, which can resist 0.6mm lead nitrate in tris-buffered minimal medium was identified as pseudomonas aeruginosa and designated as strain wi-1. pcr amplification clearly revealed presence of bmta gene encoding bacterial metallothionein responsible for metal sequestration and aas analysis proved intracellular bioaccumulation of 26.5mg lead/gram dry weight of cells. sds-page analysis confirmed lead induced bacterial metallothionein with molecular we ...201222284824
antifungal activity of extracts from endophytic fungi associated with smallanthus maintained in vitro as autotrophic cultures and as pot plants in the greenhouse.the endophytic fungal assemblages associated with smallanthus sonchifolius (poepp.) h. rob. and smallanthus uvedalius (l.) mack. ex small growing in vitro autotrophic cultures and in the greenhouse were identified and evaluated for their ability to produce bioactive compounds. a total of 25 isolates were recovered that were genetically closely related to species of the genera bionectria , cladosporium , colletotrichum , fusarium , gibberella , hypocrea , lecythophora , nigrospora , plectosphaere ...201223061637
small rna isolation and library construction for expression profiling of small rnas from neurospora and fusarium using illumina high-throughput deep sequencing.due to crucial roles in gene regulation, noncoding small rnas (smrnas) of 20-30 nucleotides (nt) have been intensively studied in mammals and plants, and are known to be implicated in significant diseases and metabolic disorders. elucidation of biogenesis mechanisms and functional characterization of smrnas are often achieved using tools, such as separation of small-sized rna and high-throughput sequencing. although rna interference pathways such as quelling and meiotic silencing have been well ...201222589132
extracellular biosynthesis of platinum nanoparticles using the fungus fusarium oxysporum.nanoscience is a blooming field and promises a better future. in order to fabricate nanoparticles in an eco-friendly and inexpensive manner, significant efforts are being made to replace the chemical and physical methods currently being used with the biological methods. chemical methods are toxic while the physical ones are very expensive. biological methods, apart from being cost-effective, also provide protein capped nanoparticles which are thus very stable, have good dispersity and do not flo ...201222580481
efficacy of sludge and manure compost amendments against fusarium wilt of cucumber.fusarium wilt of cucumber caused by the fungus, fusarium oxysporum, is one of the most destructive soilborne diseases and can result in serious economic loss. no efficient fungicide is currently available to control the disease. the aim of this study was to examine the disease suppression ability of pig manure and sludge composts in peat-based container media and explore the possible disease suppression mechanisms. pig manure and sewage sludge compost were made in laboratory-scale tanks. plant g ...201222729873
biocontrol of verticillium wilt and colonization of cotton plants by an endophytic bacterial isolate.to explore biocontrol potential of 39 daeb isolates (doubly antagonistic towards both verticillium dahliae kleb and fusarium oxysporum) against verticillium wilt of cotton and to elucidate colonization and category characteristics of an endophytic bacterium with significant biocontrol activity.201222726297
individual variability of mytimycin gene expression in mussel.the antifungal peptide mytimycin (mytm) is synthesized by hemocytes of the mediterranean mussel, mytilus galloprovincialis. in addition to sequence and gene structure diversities previously reported from pooled hemocytes, the present report focused on the expression of mytm gene in individual m. galloprovincialis, before and after challenge. within untreated mussel, mytm mrna was observed by ish in about 42% of circulating hemocytes, characterized by large, diffuse nucleus. injection with fusari ...201222750680
synthesis and characterization of dithiocarbamate chitosan derivatives with enhanced antifungal activity.in this study, ammonium dithiocarbamate chitosan (adtccs) and triethylene diamine dithiocarbamate chitosan (tedadtccs) derivatives were obtained respectively by mixing chitosan with carbon disulfide and ammonia (triethylenediamine). their structures were confirmed by ft-ir, 1h nmr, xrd, dsc, sem, and elemental analysis. antifungal properties of them against the plant pathogenic fungi fusarium oxysporum and alternaria porri were investigated at concentrations ranged from 31.25 to 500 mg/l. the di ...201224750734
identification and regulation of fusa, the polyketide synthase gene responsible for fusarin production in fusarium fujikuroi.fusarins are a class of mycotoxins of the polyketide family produced by different fusarium species, including the gibberellin-producing fungus fusarium fujikuroi. based on sequence comparisons between polyketide synthase (pks) enzymes for fusarin production in other fusarium strains, we have identified the f. fujikuroi orthologue, called fusa. the participation of fusa in fusarin biosynthesis was demonstrated by targeted mutagenesis. fusarin production is transiently stimulated by nitrogen avail ...201222865073
fungal-mediated nano silver: an effective adulticide against mosquito.fungi as such are known to be an effective mosquito control agent. in the present investigation, the effect of silver nanoparticles synthesized with chrysosporium keratinophilum, verticillium lecanii, and fusarium oxysporum f.sp. pisi has been evaluated against the adult mosquito of filariasis vector culex quinquefasciatus. the silver nanoparticles were characterized by using the uv-vis spectrophotometer and x-ray diffraction techniques. the micrographs of silver nanoparticles were obtained by t ...201222864863
sesquiterpenes from the conifer root rot pathogen heterobasidion occidentale.investigation of the production of secondary metabolites of heterobasidion occidentale led to the isolation and identification of six sesquiterpenes (illudolone a and b, illudolactone a and b, deoxyfomannosin a and b) along with the well-known sesquiterpene fomannosin and the previously described benzohydrofuran fomannoxin. the structures and relative configurations of the compounds were determined by 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopic analysis as well as by hrms. their absolute configuration and biosy ...201222831894
integrated approach for disease management and growth enhancement of sesamum indicum l. utilizing azotobacter chroococcum tra2 and chemical fertilizer.azotobacter chroococcum tra2, an isolate of wheat rhizosphere displayed plant growth promoting attributes including indole acetic acid, hcn, siderophore production, solubilization of inorganic phosphate and fixation of atmospheric nitrogen. in addition, it showed strong antagonistic effect against macrophomina phaseolina and fusarium oxysporum. it also caused degradation and digestion of cell wall components, resulting in hyphal perforations, empty cell (halo) formation, shrinking and lysis of f ...201222828791
genetic basis of carotenoid overproduction in fusarium oxysporum.the phytopathogenic fungus fusarium oxysporum is a model organism in the study of plant-fungus interactions. as other fusarium species, illuminated cultures of f. oxysporum exhibit an orange pigmentation because of the synthesis of carotenoids, and its genome contains orthologous light-regulated car genes for this biosynthetic pathway. by chemical mutagenesis, we obtained carotenoid overproducing mutants of f. oxysporum, called cars, with upregulated mrna levels of the car genes. to identify the ...201222750191
a nonpathogenic fusarium oxysporum strain enhances phytoextraction of heavy metals by the hyperaccumulator sedum alfredii hance.low biomass and shallow root systems limit the application of heavy metal phytoextraction by hyperaccumulators. plant growth-promoting microbes may enhance hyperaccumulators'phytoextraction. a heavy metal-resistant fungus belonged to the fusarium oxysporum complex was isolated from the zn/cd co-hyperaccumulator sedum alfredii hance grown in a pb/zn mined area. this fusarium fungus was not pathogenic to plants but promoted host growth. hydroponic experiments showed that 500 μm zn(2+) or 50 μm cd( ...201222749969
degradation of aromatic compounds through the β-ketoadipate pathway is required for pathogenicity of the tomato wilt pathogen fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.plant roots react to pathogen attack by the activation of general and systemic resistance, including the lignification of cell walls and increased release of phenolic compounds in root exudate. some fungi have the capacity to degrade lignin using ligninolytic extracellular peroxidases and laccases. aromatic lignin breakdown products are further catabolized via the β-ketoadipate pathway. in this study, we investigated the role of 3-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate lactonizing enzyme (cmle), an enzyme of ...201222827542
structure determination of two new trichothecenes from a halotolerant fungus myrothecium sp. gs-17 by nmr spectroscopy.two new trichothecenes, named 8α-hydroxyroridin h and myrothecin a, along with six known compounds, 8α-acetoxy roridin h, isororidin k, verrucarin a, verrucarin j, verrucarin l and 8α-acetoxy verrucarin l, were isolated from the fermentation broth of a halotolerant fungus myrothecium sp. gs-17, which was separated from the soil sample of a salina. structure elucidation and nmr signal assignments were achieved on the basis of spectroscopy. in addition, compounds 1 and 2 were active against plant ...201222806769
expression of the cameleon calcium biosensor in fungi reveals distinct ca(2+) signatures associated with polarized growth, development, and pathogenesis.calcium is a universal messenger that translates diverse environmental stimuli and developmental cues into specific cellular and developmental responses. while individual fungal species have evolved complex and often unique biochemical and structural mechanisms to exploit specific ecological niches and to adjust growth and development in response to external stimuli, one universal feature to all is that ca(2+)-mediated signaling is involved. the lack of a robust method for imaging spatial and te ...201222683653
bacillus strains isolated from rhizosphere showed plant growth promoting and antagonistic activity against phytopathogens.seven bacterial isolates screened from rhizosphere of common bean growing at uttarakhand himalaya showed potential plant growth promoting (pgp) and antagonistic activities. based on 16s rrna gene sequence the isolate bpr7 was identified as bacillus sp. bpr7. the strain bpr7 produced iaa, siderophore, phytase, organic acid, acc deaminase, cyanogens, lytic enzymes, oxalate oxidase, and solubilized various sources of organic and inorganic phosphates as well as potassium and zinc. strain bpr7 strong ...201222677517
molecular characterization of stress resistance-related chitinase genes of brassica rapa.brassica is an important vegetable group worldwide that is impacted by biotic and abiotic stresses. molecular biology techniques offer the most efficient approach to address these concerns. inducible plant defense responses include the production of pathogenesis-related (pr) proteins, and chitinases are very important pr proteins. we collected 30 chitinase like genes, three from our full-length cdna library of brassica rapa cv. osome and 27 from brassica databases. sequence analysis and comparis ...201222796900
physiological and biochemical aspects of the resistance of banana plants to fusarium wilt potentiated by silicon.silicon amendments to soil have resulted in a decrease of diseases caused by several soilborne pathogens affecting a wide number of crops. this study evaluated the physiological and biochemical mechanisms that may have increased resistance of banana to fusarium wilt, caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, after treatment with silicon (si) amendment. plants from the grand nain (resistant to f. oxysporum f. sp. cubense) and "maçã" (susceptible to f. oxysporum f. sp. cubense) were grown in pl ...201222784251
arsenate reduction and methylation in the cells of trichoderma asperellum sm-12f1, penicillium janthinellum sm-12f4, and fusarium oxysporum cz-8f1 investigated with x-ray absorption near edge structure.synchrotron radiation-based x-ray absorption near edge structure (xanes) was introduced to directly analysis chemical species of arsenic (as) in the cells of trichoderma asperellum sm-12f1, penicillium janthinellum sm-12f4, and fusarium oxysporum cz-8f1 capable of as accumulation and volatilisation. after exposure to as(v) of 500 mg l(-1) for 15 days, a total of 60.5% and 65.3% of the accumulated as in the cells of t. asperellum sm-12f1 and p. janthinellum sm-12f4, respectively, was as(iii), fol ...201223122191
discovery of a new source of resistance to fusarium oxysporum, cause of fusarium wilt in allium fistulosum, located on chromosome 2 of allium cepa aggregatum group.this study was carried out to evaluate the antifungal effect of allium cepa aggregatum group (shallot) metabolites on fusarium oxysporum and to determine the shallot chromosome(s) related to fusarium wilt resistance using a complete set of eight allium fistulosum - shallot monosomic addition lines. the antifungal effects of hexane, butanol, and water extraction fractions from bulbs of shallot on 35 isolates of f. oxysporum were examined using the disc diffusion method. only hexane and butanol fr ...201223199574
de novo characterization of the banana root transcriptome and analysis of gene expression under fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 infection.bananas and plantains (musa spp.) are among the most important crops in the world due to their nutritional and export value. however, banana production has been devastated by fungal infestations caused by fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (foc), which cannot be effectively prevented or controlled. since there is very little known about the molecular mechanism of foc infections; therefore, we aimed to investigate the transcriptional changes induced by foc in banana roots.201223170772
synthesis and antifungal activity of n-(substituted pyridinyl)-1-methyl(phenyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1h-pyrazole-4-carboxamide derivatives.a series of n-(substituted pyridinyl)-1-methyl(phenyl)-3-trifluoromethyl-1h-pyrazole-4-carboxamide derivatives were synthesized. all target compounds were characterized by spectral data (¹h-nmr, ¹³c-nmr, ir, ms) and elemental analysis and were bioassayed in vitro against three kinds of phytopathogenic fungi (gibberella zeae, fusarium oxysporum, cytospora mandshurica). the results showed that some of the synthesized n-(substituted pyridinyl)-1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1h-pyrazole-4-carboxamides e ...201223201640
synthesis of novel 12-aryl-8,9,10,12-tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthene-11-thiones and evaluation of their biocidal effects.novel 12-aryl-8,9,10,12-tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthene-11-thiones have been synthesized in high yields by treatment of the corresponding oxo analogs with lawesson's reagent. the structure has been confirmed by x-ray analysis. the compounds were tested for in vitro antifungal activity against rhizoctonia bataticola, sclerotium rolfsii, fusarium oxysporum and alternaria porii. the compounds exhibited moderate to good activity against all pathogens. insecticidal activity of these compounds against spod ...201223153816
a genetic mechanism for emergence of races in fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici: inactivation of avirulence gene avr1 by transposon insertion.compatible/incompatible interactions between the tomato wilt fungus fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (fol) and tomato solanum lycopersicum are controlled by three avirulence genes (avr1-3) in fol and the corresponding resistance genes (i-i3) in tomato. the three known races (1, 2 and 3) of fol carry avr genes in different combinations. the current model to explain the proposed order of mutations in avr genes is: i) fol race 2 emerged from race 1 by losing the avr1 and thus avoiding host res ...201222952887
temporal and spatial changes in phenolic compounds in response to fusarium wilt in chickpea and pigeonpea.plant phenolic compounds are known to play an important role in innate plant defense and are reported to show temporal and spatial changes in response to abiotic and biotic stress including invading pathogens. in the present study, spatial and temporal variations in phenolic compounds in response to infection by wilt pathogen, fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (foc) and fusarium udum (fud) were studied in wilt resistant and wilt susceptible cultivars of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) and pigeonpea ...201223273197
cloning and expression analysis of squalene synthase, a key enzyme involved in antifungal steroidal glycoalkaloids biosynthesis from solanum nigrum.steroidal glycoalkaloids (sgas) are a family of nitrogenous secondary metabolites produced in solanaceous plants. in our present study, γ-solamargine and its aglycone solasodine from solanum nigrum were found to inhibit hyphae formation of fusarium oxysporum. as phytoalexins, the formation of sgas was significantly increased in the plants when infected with the spore of f. oxysporum. in order to understand this inducible defense mechanism, the rate-limiting enzyme squalene synthase in the biosyn ...201223229144
bilateral fusarium oxysporum keratitis after laser in situ keratomileusis.we report the successful management of a rare case of bilateral post-laser in situ keratomileusis (lasik) fusarium oxysporum keratitis and propose a therapeutic strategy. a 19-year-old white man with no systemic diseases was referred to our emergency service 3 days after microkeratome-assisted myopic bilateral lasik correction. he complained of blurred-vision, photophobia, and ocular pain. clinical findings (satellite lesions, hypopyon) suggested fungal keratitis. flaps were immediately lifted a ...201223079318
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