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segregation distortion and genome-wide digenic interactions affect transmission of introgressed chromatin from wild cotton species.this study reports transmission genetics of chromosomal segments into gossypium hirsutum from its most distant euploid relative, gossypium mustelinum . mutilocus interactions and structural rearrangements affect introgression and segregation of donor chromatin. wild allotetraploid relatives of cotton are a rich source of genetic diversity that can be used in genetic improvement, but linkage drag and non-mendelian transmission genetics are prevalent in interspecific crosses. these problems necess ...201728801756
transfer of tomato immune receptor ve1 confers ave1-dependent verticillium resistance in tobacco and cotton.verticillium wilts caused by soilborne fungal species of the verticillium genus are economically important plant diseases that affect a wide range of host plants and are notoriously difficult to combat. perception of pathogen(-induced) ligands by plant immune receptors is a key component of plant innate immunity. in tomato, race-specific resistance to verticillium wilt is governed by the cell surface-localized immune receptor ve1 through recognition of the effector protein ave1 that is secreted ...201728796297
a high-throughput standard pcr-based genotyping method for determining transgene zygosity in segregating plant populations.in crop research programs that implement transgene-based strategies for trait improvement it is necessary to distinguish between transgene homozygous and hemizygous individuals in segregating populations. direct methods for determining transgene zygosity are technically challenging, expensive, and require specialized equipment. in this report, we describe a standard pcr-based protocol coupled with capillary electrophoresis that can identify transgene homozygous and hemizygous individuals in a se ...201728791034
genetic diversity and structure of elite cotton germplasm (gossypium hirsutum l.) using genome-wide snp data.cotton (gossypium spp.) is the most important natural textile fiber crop, and gossypium hirsutum l. is responsible for 90% of the annual cotton crop in the world. information on cotton genetic diversity and population structure is essential for new breeding lines. in this study, we analyzed population structure and genetic diversity of 288 elite gossypium hirsutum cultivar accessions collected from around the world, and especially from china, using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (sn ...201728755130
association mapping analysis of fiber yield and quality traits in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).fiber yield and quality are the most important traits for upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.). identifying high yield and good fiber quality genes are the prime concern of researchers in cotton breeding. association mapping offers an alternative and powerful method for detecting those complex agronomic traits. in this study, 198 simple sequence repeats (ssrs) were used to screen markers associated with fiber yield and quality traits with 302 elite upland cotton accessions that were evaluated i ...201728748394
suppressing a putative sterol carrier gene reduces plasmodesmal permeability and activates sucrose transporter genes during cotton fiber elongation.plasmodesmata (pds) play vital roles in cell-to-cell communication and plant development. emerging evidence suggests that sterols are involved in pd activity during cytokinesis. however, whether sterols contribute to pd gating between established cells remains unknown. here, we isolated ghscp2d, a putative sterol carrier protein gene from elongating cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fibers. in contrast to wild-type fiber pds, which opened at 5 to 10 d postanthesis (dpa) and closed only at 15 to 25 dpa ...201728747422
global analysis of dna methylation in young (j1) and senescent (j2) gossypium hirsutum l. cotyledons by medip-seq.dna methylation is an important epigenetic modification regulating gene expression, genomic imprinting, transposon silencing and chromatin structure in plants and plays an important role in leaf senescence. however, the dna methylation pattern during gossypium hirsutum l. cotyledon senescence is poorly understood. in this study, global dna methylation patterns were compared between two cotyledon development stages, young (j1) and senescence (j2), using methylated dna immunoprecipitation (medip-s ...201728715427
identification and functional analysis of two p450 enzymes of gossypium hirsutum involved in dmnt and tmtt biosynthesis.the homoterpenes (3e)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (dmnt) and (e,e)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene (tmtt) are major herbivore-induced plant volatiles that can attract predatory or parasitic arthropods to protect injured plants from herbivore attack. in this study, dmnt and tmtt were confirmed to be emitted from cotton (gossypium hirsutum) plants infested with chewing caterpillars or sucking bugs. two cyp genes (ghcyp82l1 and ghcyp82l2) involved in homoterpene biosynthesis in g. hirsu ...201728710782
regulation of cotton (gossypium hirsutum) drought responses by mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase cascade-mediated phosphorylation of ghwrky59.drought is a key limiting factor for cotton (gossypium spp.) production, as more than half of the global cotton supply is grown in regions with high water shortage. however, the underlying mechanism of the response of cotton to drought stress remains elusive. by combining genome-wide transcriptome profiling and a loss-of-function screen using virus-induced gene silencing, we identified gossypium hirsutum ghwrky59 as an important transcription factor that regulates the drought stress response in ...201728700082
proteomic analysis of differences in fiber development between wild and cultivated gossypium hirsutum l.upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) is one of the world's most important fiber crops, accounting for more than 90% of all cotton production. while their wild progenitors have relatively short and coarse, often tan-colored fibers, modern cotton cultivars possess longer, finer, stronger, and whiter fiber. in this study, the wild and cultivated cottons (yu-3 and tm-1) selected show significant differences on fibers at 10 days postanthesis (dpa), 20 dpa, and mature stages at the morphological leve ...201728683551
the pin gene family in cotton (gossypium hirsutum): genome-wide identification and gene expression analyses during root development and abiotic stress responses.cell elongation and expansion are significant contributors to plant growth and morphogenesis, and are often regulated by environmental cues and endogenous hormones. auxin is one of the most important phytohormones involved in the regulation of plant growth and development and plays key roles in plant cell expansion and elongation. cotton fiber cells are a model system for studying cell elongation due to their large size. cotton is also the world's most utilized crop for the production of natural ...201728673242
genome-wide analysis of salinity-stress induced dna methylation alterations in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) using the me-dip sequencing technology.cytosine dna methylation is a significant form of dna modification closely associated with gene expression in eukaryotes, fungi, animals, and plants. although the reference genomes of cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) have been publically available, the salinity-stress-induced dna methylome alterations in cotton are not well understood. here, we constructed a map of genome-wide dna methylation characteristics of cotton leaves under salt stress using the methylated dna immunoprecipitation sequencing ...201728671256
effect of boron deficiency on anatomical structure and chemical composition of petioles and photosynthesis of leaves in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).the main symptom of boron (b) deficiency in cotton is the formation of brown rings on leaf petioles. the objective of the present study was to determine the changes in the anatomical structure and chemical composition of petioles and photosynthesis of leaves in cotton under b deficiency. compared to the control, b deficiency treatment resulted in large increases in the number of petioles with brown rings per plant (160.0%) and the number of rings on the petiole per functional leaf (711.1%) in co ...201728667263
ghvln4 is involved in cell elongation via regulation of actin organization.ghvln4 exhibited activity of cross-linking actin filaments into bundles. overexpression of ghvln4 increased the abundance of thick actin bundles and resulted in longer cell phenotypes. actin bundle is a dynamic, higher-order cytoskeleton structure that is essential for cell expansion. villin is one of the major proteins responsible for crosslinking actin filaments into bundles. however, this kind of actin binding protein has rarely been investigated in cotton. in the present work, a cotton villi ...201728647813
simultaneous silencing of ghfad2-1 and ghfatb enhances the quality of cottonseed oil with high oleic acid.cottonseed oil has become an important source of edible oil due to its significant cost advantage. however, there is a growing concern over its fatty acid composition and nutritional value. in gossypium hirsutum, ghfad2-1 and ghfatb encoding the microsomal oleate desaturase and palmitoyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase, respectively, play critical roles in regulating the proportions of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in cottonseed lipids. in this study, rnai technology was used to si ...201728644971
cotton ascorbate oxidase promotes cell growth in cultured tobacco bright yellow-2 cells through generation of apoplast oxidation.ascorbate oxidase (ao) plays an important role in cell growth through the modulation of reduction/oxidation (redox) control of the apoplast. here, a cotton (gossypium hirsutum) apoplastic ascorbate oxidase gene (ghao1) was obtained from fast elongating fiber tissues. ghao1 belongs to the multicopper oxidase (mco) family and includes a signal peptide and several transmembrane regions. analyses of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) and enzyme activity showed that ghao1 was ...201728644407
genome-wide identification and characterization of micrornas differentially expressed in fibers in a cotton phytochrome a1 rnai line.cotton fiber is an important commodity throughout the world. fiber property determines fiber quality and commercial values. previous studies showed that silencing phytochrome a1 gene (phya1) by rna interference in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l. cv. coker 312) had generated phya1 rnai lines with simultaneous improvements in fiber quality (longer, stronger and finer fiber) and other key agronomic traits. characterization of the altered molecular processes in these rnai genotypes and its wild ...201728614407
single-base resolution methylomes of upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) reveal epigenome modifications in response to drought stress.dna methylation, with a cryptic role in genome stability, gene transcription and expression, is involved in the drought response process in plants, but the complex regulatory mechanism is still largely unknown.201728407801
comparative genomic study of aldh gene superfamily in gossypium: a focus on gossypium hirsutum under salt stress.aldehyde dehydrogenases (aldhs) are a superfamily of enzymes which play important role in the scavenging of active aldehydes molecules. in present work, a comprehensive whole-genomic study of aldh gene superfamily was carried out for an allotetraploid cultivated cotton species, g. hirsutum, as well as in parallel relative to their diploid progenitors, g. arboreum and g. raimondii. totally, 30 and 58 aldh gene sequences belong to 10 families were identified from diploid and allotetraploid cotton ...201728489898
within-plant distribution and dynamics of thrips species (thysanoptera: thripidae) in cotton.a 2-yr study in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) was conducted to determine the abundance and species composition of thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) on different plant parts throughout the season in alabama, georgia, north carolina, south carolina, and virginia. plant parts sampled included seedlings, terminals with two expanded leaves, leaves from the upper, middle, and lower sections of the canopy, white flowers, and medium-sized bolls. adult thrips were significantly more abundant on seedlings ...201728475718
potassium deficiency affects the carbon-nitrogen balance in cotton leaves.potassium (k) plays important roles in the metabolism of carbon (c) and nitrogen (n), but studies of k deficiency affecting c-n balance are lacking. this study explored the influence of k deficiency on c-n interaction in cotton leaves by conducting a field experiment with cotton cultivar dp0912 under two k rates (k0: 0 kg k2o ha-1 and k67: 67 kg k2o ha-1) and a controlled environment experiment with k-deficient solution (k1: 0 mm k+) and k-sufficient solution (k2: 6 mm k+). the results showed th ...201728441628
characterization of two tt2-type myb transcription factors regulating proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in tetraploid cotton, gossypium hirsutum.two tt2-type myb transcription factors identified from tetraploid cotton are involved in regulating proanthocyanidin biosynthesis, providing new strategies for engineering condensed tannins in crops. proanthocyanidins (pas), also known as condensed tannins, are important secondary metabolites involved in stress resistance in plants, and are health supplements that help to reduce cholesterol levels. as one of the most widely grown crops in the world, cotton provides the majority of natural fabric ...201728421329
micrornas involved in auxin signalling modulate male sterility under high-temperature stress in cotton (gossypium hirsutum).male sterility caused by long-term high-temperature (ht) stress occurs widely in crops. micrornas (mirnas), a class of endogenous non-coding small rnas, play an important role in the plant response to various abiotic stresses. to dissect the working principle of mirnas in male sterility under ht stress in cotton, a total of 112 known mirnas, 270 novel mirnas and 347 target genes were identified from anthers of ht-insensitive (84021) and ht-sensitive (h05) cotton cultivars under normal-temperatur ...201728635129
high efficient multisites genome editing in allotetraploid cotton (gossypium hirsutum) using crispr/cas9 system.gossypium hirsutum is an allotetraploid with a complex genome. most genes have multiple copies that belong to at and dt subgenomes. sequence similarity is also very high between gene homologues. to efficiently achieve site/gene-specific mutation is quite needed. due to its high efficiency and robustness, the crispr (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/cas9 system has exerted broad site-specific genome editing from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. in this study, we utilized a cri ...201828499063
water quality of surface runoff and lint yield in cotton under furrow irrigation in northeast arkansas.use of furrow irrigation in row crop production is a common practice through much of the midsouth us and yet, nutrients can be transported off-site through surface runoff. a field study with cotton (gossypium hirsutum, l.) was conducted to understand the impact of furrow tillage practices and nitrogen (n) fertilizer placement on characteristics of runoff water quality during the growing season. the experiment was designed as a randomized complete block design with conventional (ct) and conservat ...201828910718
genome wide identification of cotton (gossypium hirsutum)-encoded microrna targets against cotton leaf curl burewala virus.cotton leaf curl burewala virus (clcubv, genus begomovirus) causes devastating cotton leaf curl disease. among various known virus controlling strategies, rnai-mediated one has shown potential to protect host crop plants. micro(mi) rnas, are the endogenous small rnas and play a key role in plant development and stress resistance. in the present study we have identified cotton (gossypium hirsutum)-encoded mirnas targeting the clcubv. based on threshold free energy and maximum complementarity scor ...201828964896
the terpene synthase gene family in gossypium hirsutum harbors a linalool synthase ghtps12 implicated in direct defence responses against herbivores.herbivore-induced terpenes have been reported to function as ecological signals in plant-insect interactions. here, we showed that insect-induced cotton volatile blends contained 16 terpenoid compounds with a relatively high level of linalool. the high diversity of terpene production is derived from a large terpene synthase (tps) gene family. the tps gene family of gossypium hirsutum and gossypium raimondii consist of 46 and 41 members, respectively. twelve tps genes (ghtps4-15) could be isolate ...201829044662
relay cropping of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) improves the profitability of cotton-wheat cropping system in punjab, pakistan.delayed sowing of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in cotton-based system reduces the productivity and profitability of the cotton-wheat cropping system. in this scenario, relay cropping of wheat in standing cotton might be a viable option to ensure the timely wheat sowing with simultaneous improvement in wheat yields and system profitability. this 2-year study (2012-2013 and 2013-2014) aimed to evaluate the influence of sowing dates and relay cropping combined with different management techniques o ...201829063403
quantifying within-plant spatial heterogeneity in carbohydrate availability in cotton using a local-pool model.within-plant spatial heterogeneity in the production of and demand for assimilates may have major implications for the formation of fruits. spatial heterogeneity is related to organ age, but also to position on the plant. this study quantifies the variation in local carbohydrate availability for the phytomers in the same cohort using a cotton growth model that captures carbohydrate production in phytomers and carbohydrate movement between phytomers.201829373640
identification of gossypium hirsutum long non-coding rnas (lncrnas) under salt stress.long non-coding rnas (lncrnas) represent a class of riboregulators that either directly act in long form or are processed into shorter micrornas (mirnas) and small interfering rnas. long noncoding rnas (lncrnas) are arbitrarily defined as rna genes larger than 200 nt in length that have no apparent coding potential. lncrnas have emerged as playing important roles in various biological regulatory processes and are expressed in a more tissue-specific manner than mrna. emerging evidence shows that ...201829370759
identification of the group iia wrky subfamily and the functional analysis of ghwrky17 in upland cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.).wrky transcription factors play important roles in plant defense, stress response, leaf senescence, and plant growth and development. previous studies have revealed the important roles of the group iia ghwrky genes in cotton. to comprehensively analyze the group iia ghwrky genes in upland cotton, we identified 15 candidate group iia ghwrky genes in the gossypium hirsutum genome. the phylogenetic tree, intron-exon structure, motif prediction and ka/ks analyses indicated that most group iia ghwrky ...201829370286
a pectin methylesterase inhibitor enhances resistance to verticillium wilt.pectins are major components of the primary plant cell wall, which functions as the primary barrier against pathogens. pectin methylesterases (pmes) catalyze the demethyl esterification of the homogalacturonan domains of pectin in the plant cell wall. their activity is regulated by pectin methylesterase inhibitors (pmeis). here, we provide evidence for the role of the pectin methylesterase-inhibiting protein ghpmei3 from gossypium hirsutum in plant responses to verticillium dahliae infection; gh ...201829363564
the cotton (gossypium hirsutum) nac transcription factor (fsn1) as a positive regulator participates in controlling secondary cell wall biosynthesis and modification of fibers.cotton (gossypium hirsutum) fibers are the highly elongated and thickened single-cell trichomes on the seed epidermis. however, little is known about the molecular base of fiber cell wall thickening in detail. in this study, a cotton nac transcription factor (ghfsn1) that is specifically expressed in secondary cell wall (scw) thickening fibers was functionally characterized. the ghfsn1 transgenic cotton plants were generated to study how fsn1 regulates fiber scw formation. up-regulation of ghfsn ...201829105766
itraq-based comparative proteomic analysis provides insights into somatic embryogenesis in gossypium hirsutum l.key message: itraq based proteomic identified key proteins and provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying somatic embryogenesis in cotton. somatic embryogenesis, which involves cell dedifferentiation and redifferentiation, has been used as a model system for understanding molecular events of plant embryo development in vitro. in this study, we performed comparative proteomics analysis using samples of non-embryogenic callus (nec), embryogenic callus (ec) and somatic embryo (s ...201829214424
changes in activities of both photosystems and the regulatory effect of cyclic electron flow in field-grown cotton (gossypium hirsutum l) under water deficit.to clarify the influence of water deficit on the functionality of the photosynthetic apparatus of cotton plants, leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and p700 redox state were examined in field-grown cotton gossypium hirsutum l. cv. xinluzao 45. in addition, we measured changes in the p515 signal and analyzed the activity of atp synthase and the trans-thylakoid proton gradient (δph). with increasing water deficit, the net co2 assimilation rate (an) and stomatal conductance (gs) signifi ...201829156245
genome-wide investigation and expression profiling of apx gene family in gossypium hirsutum provide new insights in redox homeostasis maintenance during different fiber development stages.ascorbate peroxidase (apx) is a member of heme-containing peroxidases which catalyze the h2o2-dependent oxidation of a wide range of substrates in plants and animals. as is known, h2o2 acts as a signaling molecule in the regulation of fiber development. our previous work reported that ascorbate peroxidase 1 (ghapx1) was important for cotton fiber elongation. however, knowledge about apx gene family members and their evolutionary and functional characteristics in cotton is limited. here, we repor ...201829307114
inducement and identification of chromosome introgression and translocation of gossypium australe on gossypium hirsutum.we previously reported the development of a set of gossypium hirsutum-g. australe alien chromosome addition lines. naturally, however, g. hirsutum-g. australe chromosome exchanges were very limited, impeding the stable transference of useful genes from g. australe (g2g2 genome) into the most cultivated cotton, g. hirsutum (aadd).201829301494
genome-wide identification and comparative analysis of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase (hmgr) gene family in gossypium.terpenes are the largest and most diverse class of secondary metabolites in plants and play a very important role in plant adaptation to environment. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase (hmgr) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the process of terpene biosynthesis in the cytosol. previous study found the hmgr genes underwent gene expansion in gossypium raimondii, but the characteristics and evolution of the hmgr gene family in gossypium genus are unclear. in this study, genome-wide identifi ...201829364830
calcium-dependent protein kinases in cotton: insights into early plant responses to salt stress.soil salinization is one of the major environmental constraints to plant growth and agricultural production worldwide. signaling components involving calcium (ca2+) and the downstream calcium-dependent protein kinases (cpks) play key roles in the perception and transduction of stress signals. however, the study of cpks in cotton and their functions in response to salt stress remain unexplored.201829343239
genetic dissection of the fuzzless seed trait in gossypium barbadense.cotton fibres are single-celled trichomes arising from the epidermal cells of the seed coat and may be either long (lint) or very short (fuzz). the dominant fuzzless n1 of gossypium hirsutum is a defective allele of the at-subgenome homoeolog of myb25-like, but the genetic components underlying the recessive fuzzless trait from g. barbadense (gb) are unknown. we have identified five genetic loci, including a major contributing locus containing myb25-like_dt, associated with gb fuzzless seeds bas ...201829351643
qtl mapping for fiber quality and yield traits based on introgression lines derived from gossypium hirsutum × g. tomentosum.the tetraploid species gossypium hirsutum is cultivated widely throughout the world with high yield and moderate fiber quality, but its genetic basis is narrow. a set of 107 introgression lines (ils) was developed with an interspecific cross using g. hirsutumacc. 4105 as the recurrent parent and g. tomentosum as the donor parent. a specific locus amplified fragment sequencing (slaf-seq) strategy was used to obtain high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers. in total, 3157 high- ...201829342893
improvement of verticillium wilt resistance by applying arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to a cotton variety with high symbiotic efficiency under field conditions.arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) play an important role in nutrient cycling processes and plant stress resistance. to evaluate the effect of rhizophagus irregularis cd1 on plant growth promotion (pgp) and verticillium wilt disease, the symbiotic efficiency of amf (sea) was first investigated over a range of 3% to 94% in 17 cotton varieties. the high-sea subgroup had significant pgp effects in a greenhouse. from these results, the highest-sea variety of lumian 1 was selected for a two-year fiel ...201829342876
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