Publications

lipoarabinomannan from mycobacterium tuberculosis induces the production of tumour necrosis factor from human and murine macrophages.	we show here that purified lipoarabinomannan (lam) from mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause the release of tumour necrosis factor (tnf) in vitro from human blood monocytes and activated mouse peritoneal macrophages, and the production of tnf in vivo in mice pretreated with propionibacterium acnes, with a potency comparable to that of lipopolysaccharide (lps) from gram negative bacteria. like lps, lam binds to polymyxin b. we confirmed that its activity was distinct from any contaminating lps an ...	1989	2503277
discrepancy in the abilities of lymphokines and bacteria to mediate tumor protection in vivo and/or tumoricidal activity by macrophages in vitro.	in the present study, the ability of lymphokines (maf and ifn gamma) and microbial agents (cp and lm) to induce and maintain tumoricidal activity in bmmp in vitro and to enhance local resistance to the da rat d-12 ascites tumor in vivo was assessed comparatively. under standard conditions in vitro, i.e., when present during the 24-hr induction and the 36-hr effector phase, both lymphokines and microbes were similarly potent for eliciting tumoricidal activity in bmmp. when the activating agents w ...	1989	2506137
lung-phase immunity to schistosoma mansoni. flow cytometric analysis of macrophage activation states in vaccinated mice.	a delayed-type hypersensitivity response has been postulated as the effector mechanism of lung-phase immunity to schistosoma mansoni. we have sought evidence for this response by examining the state of alveolar macrophage activation in c57bl/6 mice vaccinated with radiation-attenuated cercariae, and challenged with normal parasites. as an index of activation, the capacity of macrophages to produce an oxidative burst upon stimulation with pma, was measured at the single cell level by a flow cytom ...	1989	2506284
abilities of activated macrophages to manifest tumoricidal activity and to generate reactive nitrogen intermediates: a comparative study in vitro and ex vivo.	the abilities of lymphokines and heat-killed bacteria to induce and to maintain tumoricidal activity and/or the secretion of reactive nitrogen intermediates (rni) were comparatively assessed in bone marrow-derived mononuclear phagocytes (bmm phi) in vitro and in adherent peritoneal cells (apc) ex vivo. in showing that the kinetics of tumoricidal activity and of secretion of rni induced by macrophage-activating agents in bmm phi and/or in peritoneal cells do largely parallel each other, the prese ...	1989	2511844
erythromycin resistant propionibacteria in antibiotic treated acne patients: association with therapeutic failure.	erythromycin resistant (emr) propionibacteria were isolated from the skin surface of 51% of patients treated with oral erythromycin and 42% of patients treated with topical clindamycin compared with 3% of untreated control subjects (p less than 0.001). amongst the topical clindamycin-treated patients, there was a higher incidence of emr propionibacterial carriage in those patients who had previously been treated with oral erythromycin (64%) than in patients with no known previous exposure to ery ...	1989	2527056
acne necroticans (varioliformis) versus propionibacterium acnes folliculitis.		1989	2527876
role of propionibacterium acnes in cancer risk.		1989	2528369
[azelaic acid in the treatment of acne].	this review is an update of the literature accumulated over the past 6 years following the original observation that topically applied azelaic acid, a non-toxic c9 dicarboxylic acid, has a beneficial therapeutic effect on acne vulgaris. these studies have shown that azelaic acid has a modulating influence on the process of keratinization, and that it acts as a keratolytic and anti-comedogenic agent. there is evidence that it inhibits mitochondrial and microsomal oxido-reductases, including 5-alp ...	1989	2530163
microscopic changes of the urinary bladder in patients with primary tumors locally treated with corynebacterium parvum.	the study covered 34 patients with tumors of the urinary bladder treated surgically by transurethral resection and, as an adjuvant therapy, with corynebacterium parvum intravesically administered. microscopic observations were performed on smears stained with blue polychrome-tannin and the histologic study used preparata stained with hematoxylin-eosin and van gieson. after the second series of instillations, many biopsies from the same patient were taken. the investigation revealed the negativit ...	1989	2533966
[mechanism of azelaic acid action in acne].	the physiopathologic mechanism of acne seems to be dependent on four main factors: a) sebum production and excretion; b) type of keratinization of the follicular channel; c) microbial colonization of the pilosebaceous unit and d) inflammatory reaction of the perifollicular area. azelaic acid is effective in the treatment of acne because it possesses an activity against all of these factors. azelaic acid is a competitive inhibitor of mitochondrial oxidoreductases and of 5 alpha-reductase, inhibit ...	1989	2534550
effect of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, corynebacterium parvum and mycobacterium cell wall extract on in vitro blastogenic responses of bovine blood lymphocytes.	in vivo inoculation of three-month-old calves with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (dtc), killed corynebacterium parvum or mycobacterium cell wall extract (mcwe) resulted in an enhancement of in vitro peripheral blood lymphocyte blastogenic responses to mitogens phytohemagglutinin (pha) and concanavalin a (con a) in the first three days after treatment. in a separate experiment, blood lymphocytes isolated from a healthy nontreated calf were incubated in vitro in presence of each of the same immuno ...	1989	2536308
delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol inhibits macrophage protein expression in response to bacterial immunomodulators.	the objective of this study was to determine the effect of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-thc), the major psychoactive component of marihuana, on macrophage protein expression in response to bacterial immunomodulators. peritoneal macrophages of (b6c3)f1 mice receiving propionibacterium acnes exhibited a novel protein profile when compared to resident or vehicle-treated macrophages. in contrast, macrophages from mice treated with p. acnes in concert with delta-9-thc exhibited profiles for ...	1989	2537903
regulation of macrophage functions by l-arginine.	sites of inflammation with prominent macrophage infiltration, such as wounds and certain tumors, are uniquely deficient in free arginine. the effects of arginine availability on macrophage physiology were investigated. when cultured in media containing less than 0.1 mm l-arginine, rat resident peritoneal macrophages exhibited enhanced spreading, tumor cytotoxicity, superoxide production, phagocytosis, and protein synthesis. thus, arginine concentrations similar to those found in sites of inflamm ...	1989	2538541
aetiology of kawasaki disease.	thirteen serum samples from nine children with kawasaki disease and 23 control samples gave negative results on screening for antibodies to hog cholera virus, border disease of sheep, bovine diarrhoea virus, and equine arteritis virus. the sera from two children with kawasaki disease were cytotoxic; a possible link with cytotoxin from propionibacterium acnes is considered.	1989	2539788
bronchoalveolar leukocyte response in experimental silicosis: modulation by a soluble aluminum compound.	the biological properties of quartz have been related to its surface reactivity. we have addressed the role of particle surface reactivity in mediating the biological activity of quartz in mixed dusts, by treating the quartz with aluminum lactate. intratracheal instillation of untreated quartz in rats caused a rapid, sustained alveolitis and bronchoalveolar leukocytes obtained from these animals had enhanced activity in degrading fibronectin, but reduced ability to mount a respiratory burst. qua ...	1989	2552617
susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to meropenem.	the activity of meropenem was determined against 350 strains of anaerobic bacteria by an agar dilution method. it was compared with those of piperacillin, cefoxitin, imipenem, clindamycin, metronidazole and chloramphenicol. meropenem and imipenem were the most active agents tested. on the basis of these results, meropenem appears to be a promising antimicrobial agent for anaerobic infections and warrants further clinical investigation.	1989	2553656
ischaemic mouse thigh model for evaluation of pathogenicity of non-clostridial anaerobes.	a mouse thigh model has been devised in which the growing culture of non-clostridial anaerobe in the ischaemic tissue produces inflammatory swelling and death. the swelling of the right thigh served as an index of pathogenicity of the test strain in comparison to the negatively reacting left thigh which received injection of the control strain of bifidobacterium infantis. actinomyces naeslundii exceptionally caused death in all animals within 24 h. mortality and thigh swelling were pronounced (g ...	1989	2914729
modulation of hematoporphyrin derivative-sensitized phototherapy with corynebacterium parvum in murine transitional cell carcinoma.	the interaction of photodynamic therapy (pdt) with hematoporphyrin derivative (hpd) and immunotherapy with corynebacterium parvum (cp) was studied in a murine transitional cell carcinoma (mbt-2) model. c3h/he mice were transplanted subcutaneously in the hind limb with 2.5 x 10(5) tumor cells. one day after transplantation, mice were randomized into groups to receive saline (control), pdt, cp 25 micrograms, cp 250 micrograms, cp 25 micrograms + pdt, and cp 250 micrograms + pdt. pdt was administer ...	1989	2919485
peptostreptococcus magnus does not cause hematogenous infections in experimental arthroplasties.	rabbits with cemented endoprostheses in the knee joints were given 1-ml intravenous injections of suspensions containing peptostreptococcus magnus (3 x 10(8) colony-forming units/ml) on three consecutive days seven weeks postoperatively. the animals were killed after another seven weeks. the bacterial challenge did not result in infection. this is in contrast to a previous study using the same experimental system with another anaerobic bacterial species, propionibacterium acnes, which caused inf ...	1989	2924473
endophthalmitis due to propionibacterium acnes sequestered between iol optic and posterior capsule.	a 68-year-old woman had delayed onset, persistent uveitis following routine extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. the patient initially responded to topical steroids, but developed a whitish capsular plaque through to represent possible propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis. a vitrectomy and capsular biopsy yielded cultures positive for p. acnes only after nine days. the intraocular lens was left in place. light and electron microscopy revealed ...	1989	2927902
characteristics of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1-induced lectin-like activity and inhibitor(s) in rabbit serum.	in adult rabbits intravenously injected with toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (tsst-1) or staphylococcal enterotoxin b, serum lectin-like activity (detectable by cation-dependent agglutination of bacteria) developed. this activity was sensitive to heat, trypsin, and formaldehyde but resistant to neuraminidase or galactose oxidase. formaldehyde-fixed propionibacterium acnes or escherichia coli cells reactive with plant lectins provided sensitive targets for titration of serum agglutination activity t ...	1989	2928648
anaerobic bacterial bacteremia: 12-year experience in two military hospitals.	clinical and microbiologic data of 296 patients with anaerobic bacteremia were reviewed. anaerobes were isolated with aerobic or facultative bacteremia in 23 instances. the bacteroides fragilis group accounted for 148 (70%) of 212 isolates of bacteroides species. b. fragilis accounted for 78% and b. thetaiotaomicron for 14%. among other species, there were 20 (6%) fusobacterium organisms, 63 (18%) clostridium isolates, and 53 (15%) anaerobic cocci. seventy-five patients died: 40 had b. fragilis ...	1989	2584754
[studies of the effects of bcg and corynebacterium parvum vaccines in experimental infection of mice with influenza virus. foot pad test, splenic indicator and histologic changes in the thymus gland, spleen and lymph nodes].	evaluation of the influence of bcg and coparvax on reticulo-endothelial system in mouse was performed. mice were stimulated i.p. with bcg vaccine and coparvax vaccine. spleen index and histological changes in thymus, spleen and lymph nodes were evaluated after 14 days in mice vaccinated with bcg and after 7 days in mice vaccinated with coparvax. foot pad test was also performed by giving vaccine into three feet. tuberculin was injected into mouse foot pad on the day 7th and 14th and a lysate of ...	1989	2586194
effect of intracerebrally injected corynebacterium parvum on the development and growth of metastatic brain tumor in mice.	using kht tumor in a mouse metastatic tumor model, we examined the effect of intracerebral and/or intraperitoneal injections of corynebacterium parvum on the growth of metastatic brain tumor and the development of an inflammatory response in the central nervous system (cns). c. parvum given intraperitoneally had no effect on the development and growth of cns tumor, but did prolong the survival of mice by inhibiting the growth of systemic metastatic tumor, which was the cause of death in our tumo ...	1989	2586725
comparison of the nasal bacterial floras in two groups of healthy subjects and in patients with acute maxillary sinusitis.	the nasal bacterial flora was studied in 183 healthy men entering military service (entry group), 103 healthy recruits in service (service group), and 185 recruits with acute maxillary sinusitis. the 267 nasal and ipsilateral sinus aspirate findings in the same patients with acute maxillary sinusitis were compared pairwise. in the entry group presumed sinus pathogens were only rarely isolated from the nasal cavities: haemophilus influenzae in 4%, streptococcus pneumoniae in 1%, branhamella catar ...	1989	2592539
studies on antibacterial agents. i. synthesis of substituted 6,7-dihydro-1-oxo-1h,5h-benzo[i,j]quinolizine-2-carboxylic acids.	a series of substituted 6,7-dihydro-1-oxo-1h,5h-benzo[i,j]quinolizine-2-carboxylic acids was synthesized and tested for antibacterial activities. among them, 9-fluoro-6,7-dihydro-5-methyl-8-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-1-oxo-1h,5h- benzo[i,j]quinolizine-2-carboxylic acid (opc-7241) exhibited potent antibacterial activity against gram-positive and -negative bacteria, including staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 9-fluoro-6,7-dihydro-8-(4-hydroxy-1-piperidyl)-5-methyl-1-oxo-1h, 5h-be ...	1989	2598310
studies on route of immunization with a mixture of killed parasites and adjuvants against babesia rodhaini infection in mice.	a series of experiments were undertaken to determine the most effective route of immunization with a mixture of killed babesia rodhaini antigen (s antigen) and formalin-fixed corynebacterium parvum (propionibacterium acnes) bacterin (cpb) against challenge infection with b. rodhaini 3 weeks later. the mice pretreated with s antigen and cpb mixture intraperitoneally, but not intramuscularly, were significantly resistant to intraperitoneal (ip) or intravenous (iv) challenge with 10(6) organisms. t ...	1989	2601229
effect of corynebacterium parvum bacterin on artificial immunity against babesia rodhaini infection in mice.		1989	2601237
effects of synthetic retinoids on the growth of bacteria and their susceptibility to antibiotics.	in patients treated with oral retinoids the recovery of propionibacterium acnes and other anaerobic bacteria in the skin is markedly reduced, whereas an increased colonization of the skin and a significant rise in the incidence of cutaneous staphylococcal infections are observed. since very little is known about the effects of retinoids on bacteria, in the present study we investigated the influence of 4 retinoids (isotretinoin, etretinate, arotinoid ethyl ester, arotinoid sulfone) in 15 differe ...	1989	2614503
propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis: an unusual manner of presentation.	an unusual clinical presentation of propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis as a solitary nodule on the corneal endothelial surface at the superior limbus in association with granulomatous uveitis is reported. the patient had previous extracapsular cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation and two subsequent yag laser capsulotomies. the organism was grown from a microbiopsy of the nodule after a negative anterior chamber tap. the patient was treated with systemic antibiotics, his condi ...	1989	2614715
dissimilatory nitrate reduction by propionibacterium acnes.	propionibacterium acnes p13 was isolated from human feces. the bacterium produced a particulate nitrate reductase and a soluble nitrite reductase when grown with nitrate or nitrite. reduced viologen dyes were the preferred electron donors for both enzymes. nitrous oxide reductase was never detected. specific growth rates were increased by nitrate during growth in batch culture. culture ph strongly influenced the products of dissimilatory nitrate reduction. nitrate was principally converted to ni ...	1989	2624464
[cariogenicity of propionibacterium acnes, streptococcus intermedius and streptococcus mutans in germ-free rats].	a comparative study has been made on the cariogenic potentials of propionibacterium acnes atcc 11828, streptococcus intermedius oe-1 and streptococcus mutans oz-1. the strains of p. acnes and s. intermedius have chondroitinase activity. as metabolic end-products, the p. acnes strain produces mainly a weak acid, propionic acid, whereas strong lactic acid is the main product of the strains of s. intermedius and s. mutans. five germ-free rats were used for infection with each bacterial strain. the ...	1989	2637631
protection of mice against vaccinia and herpes simplex virus infection by propionibacterium acnes.	heat-killed cell suspension of several propionibacterium acnes strains were prepared and studied for their protective activity in viral infection of mice and immunomodulating properties. majority of the strains caused marked spleen enlargement in the treated mice. these changes persisted for several weeks. only some of the tested strains enhanced significantly primary humoral immune response against sheep red blood cells. there was no increase, however, in neutralizing or hemagglutination-inhibi ...	1989	2639640
propionibacterium acnes immunotherapy in chronic recurrent canine pyoderma. an adjunct to antibiotic therapy.	in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, dogs with chronic recurrent pyoderma were treated with antibiotics plus intravenous injections of either propionibacterium acnes or placebo. responses (an increase, decrease, or clearing of lesions) were measured and evaluated statistically. eighty percent (12 of 15) of the dogs treated with antibiotics and p acnes compared with 38% (five of 13) of the dogs treated with antibiotics and placebo responded with significant improvement or comp ...	1989	2647969
regulation of insulin and interleukin-1 release after propionibacterium acnes-induced macrophage activation in mice.	the administration of a potent activator of macrophages (m phi), propionibacterium acnes, in nondiabetic mice was associated with the release of significant amounts of interleukin-1 (il-1) in the peritoneal cavity and plasma within 4 hours after treatment. shortly before il-1 peaks were observed, the levels of pancreatic insulin, [3h]leucine-proinsulin, and insulin/total protein ratio were elevated, and followed by a transient but marked hyperinsulinemia at 4 hours after treatment. a single dose ...	1989	2648066
soluble malarial antigens are toxic and induce the production of tumour necrosis factor in vivo.	heat-stable soluble products of rodent malarial parasites induce activated peritoneal macrophages to secrete tumour necrosis factor (tnf) in vitro. since heat-stable parasite antigens are known to be present in the circulation of patients with malaria and it has been suggested that much of the pathology of malaria is due to tnf, we investigated the ability of such antigens to induce the production of tnf in vivo and to be toxic to mice. injection of antigens obtained from plasmodium yoelii or fr ...	1989	2654012
propionibacterium acnes in sarcoidosis.		1989	2657925
intravascular coagulation in the development of massive hepatic necrosis induced by corynebacterium parvum and endotoxin in rats.	when escherichia coli endotoxin was intravenously injected into rats given killed corynebacterium parvum 6 days previously, fibrin deposition and endothelial cell injury occurred in hepatic sinusoids at 1.5 h and were intensified thereafter. serum alanine aminotransferase values were increased along with prothrombin time and decreased plasma levels of antithrombin iii and coagulation factor viii:c at 5 h. antithrombin iii concentrate (plus heparin) or superoxide dismutase infused concurrently wi ...	1989	2660248
characterization of a new spontaneously developed murine mammary adenocarcinoma in syngeneic balb/c hosts.	a mouse mammary tumor cell line, designated jc, has been established from a spontaneously developed primary adenocarcinoma of an aged virgin female balb/c mouse. isoenzyme analyses including glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, and peptidase proved that this cell line is of murine origin and devoid of contamination from other species. karyotyping revealed that the number of chromosome ranged from 26 to 100, with a modal number of 40. electron microscopic examination detected ...	1989	2666384
propionibacterium acnes causes postoperative brain abscesses unassociated with foreign bodies: case reports.	propionibacterium acnes was isolated in pure culture from brain abscesses that occurred in two patients after intracranial surgery. although such infections are usually associated with cerebrospinal fluid shunts and other foreign bodies, these cases clearly demonstrate the pathogenicity of this anaerobic diphtheroid in the absence of such. progression of p. acnes infection in the central nervous system can be insidious. to treat such infections adequately, therapy cannot rely upon some standard ...	1989	2666880
[bacterial skin flora, host defense and skin infections].	resident skin flora consists of coagulase-negative staphylococci, micrococci, aerobic and anaerobic coryneform organisms (i.e. propionibacterium acnes) as well as gram-negative rods (i.e. acinetobacter). their growth is favoured by increased temperature and humidity and modified by body location, age, sex and chronic diseases (i.e. diabetes mellitus). occupation, hospitalization, soaps and disinfectants as well as medications exert promoting and inhibiting influences, too. in addition, environme ...	1989	2693140
suppression of resistance to salmonella typhimurium in young chickens inoculated with corynebacterium parvum.	the effect of corynebacterium parvum on resistance to salmonella typhimurium infection was evaluated in young chickens. one-day-old chickens were inoculated subcutaneously (sc) or intraperitoneally (ip) with 1.4 mg killed c. parvum and challenged by ip injection with 5.0 x 10(7) s. typhimurium 4 days later. spleen and bursa of fabricius weights were not altered in the c. parvum-inoculated chickens. a transient increase in thymus weight occurred 3 days after inoculation with c. parvum. phytohemag ...	1989	2695051
role of respiratory-burst products from polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the antitumor activity of propionibacterium acnes vaccine.	tumor cells injected into balb/c mice together with heat-killed 48-h p. acnes cells were rendered nontumorigenic as early as 12 h after injection, as determined by the inability of the tumor cells to give rise to tumors when transferred to a new host. determination of tumor cell antigen levels by elisa indicated that the tumour antigens had virtually disappeared by 24 h after injection of tumor cells and p. acnes. in contrast, in control animals injected with tumor cells only, there was an initi ...	1989	2706641
[sepsis due to propionibacterium acnes?].		1989	2707126
effects of bile acids on liver cell injury by cultured supernatant of activated liver adherents cells.	when heat-killed propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) is intravenously injected into mice followed by an intravenous injection of a small amount of lipopolysaccharide (lps) 7 days later, most of the mice die of massive hepatic cell necrosis within 24 hours of lps injection. in addition, when the liver adherent cells including kupffer cells are separated from the mice 7 days after p. acnes injection and incubated in vitro with lps, remarkable activity of the cytotoxic factor is found in the culture ...	1989	2707549
activation of murine peritoneal macrophages by saikosaponin a, saikosaponin d and saikogenin d.	macrophage activation by saikosaponins and saikogenins was investigated and compared with that by other saponins and macrophage stimulants. saikosaponins a and d induced a marked cell accumulation in the peritoneal cavity when administered intraperitoneally. among saikosaponins and saikogenins tested, saikosaponin d significantly activated peritoneal macrophages in terms of enhancement of phagocytic activity, increased level of cellular lysosomal enzyme (acid phosphatase), induction of cytostati ...	1989	2707937
automated analysis of 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-d-glucuronic acid by cation exchange chromatography with fluorometric postcolumn derivatization.	2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxy-d-glucuronic acid (diaminoglucuronic acid) occurs as its di-n-acetyl derivative as a unique constituent of some bacterial cell walls. a sensitive chromatographic method for its determination is described. diaminoglucuronic acid was well separated from glucosamine and galactosamine in about 80 min on a dionex dc-6a cation exchange column (0.9 x 18 cm, 50 degrees c) with a sodium citrate buffer (ph 5.28) containing boric acid (0.2 m). the amino sugars in the eluate were mon ...	1989	2712291
hyperthermia induced polyphosphate changes in propionibacterium acnes as studied by 31p nmr.	the polyphosphate component in 31p nmr spectra of the gram-positive propionibacterium acnes increased after hyperthermia treatment. the cells were exposed to temperatures in the interval from 15 degrees c to 45 degrees c. the amount of polyphosphate increased with increasing temperature. there were no temperature induced changes in the other phosphorous components seen in the spectra with exception of a decrease in atp for higher temperatures. the increase in polyphosphates was less than that ob ...	1989	2712997
role of novel adjuvants in specific active immunotherapy.		1989	2717639
role of lipids in augmenting the antibacterial activity of benzoyl peroxide against propionibacterium acnes.	antimicrobial activity and physicochemical properties of benzoyl peroxide (bp) were investigated to determine the mechanism of action for the compound as an antiacne agent. the mics and mbcs against nine strains of propionibacterium acnes ranged between 100 and 800 micrograms/ml in a nutrient broth system, with a median fourfold increase in activity demonstrated when lipid was added. the partition coefficient of bp in a 50:50 artificial skin lipid and water system was greater than 2,500, with th ...	1989	2729927
augmentation of mouse liver-associated natural killer activity by biologic response modifiers occurs largely via rapid recruitment of large granular lymphocytes from the bone marrow.	a variety of biologic response modifiers (brm) can potently augment nk activity in nonlymphoid organs. by using the liver as a model organ, we have shown that this augmentation of organ-associated nk activity is coincident with a 10- to 15-fold increase in the number of large granular lymphocytes (lgl) which can be isolated. the present study was designed to investigate the mechanism by which brm induce this increase in liver-associated lgl and the coincident increase in hepatic nk activity. ini ...	1989	2732472
lymphocytes generated by in vivo priming and in vitro sensitization demonstrate therapeutic efficacy against a murine tumor that lacks apparent immunogenicity.	the adoptive transfer of sensitized lymphocytes is an effective means to mediate the regression of established tumors. however, successful therapy can only be demonstrated in animal models where tumors are intrinsically immunogenic, capable of eliciting systemic immunity. to explore the potential of this therapeutic approach to tumors of less immunogenicity, we have selected and used a murine tumor, mca 102, for the current study because all attempts to immunize syngeneic mice failed. we report ...	1989	2738408
focal infections of the central nervous system due to propionibacterium acnes.	propionibacterium acnes as the single cause of intracranial infections has rarely been described. we present four patients in whom the infection arose as a result of a breach of skin tegument, and postulate that p. acnes is an under-recognised pathogen.	1989	2745987
chemiluminescence in a macrophage cell line modulated by biological response modifiers.	we have studied a murine macrophage cell line, j774, and found these cells capable of a zymosan-triggered chemiluminescent oxidative burst. such activity was enhanced by preincubation with corynebacterium parvum (cp), bacillus calmette-guerin, and lipopolysaccharide (lps). under similar conditions, cp and lps were shown to enhance j774-mediated tumor cell lysis. we have also demonstrated that murine interferon alpha + beta rendered j774 cells more sensitive to the actions of cp and lps. these re ...	1989	2746137
[antibody activity to propionibacterium acnes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in sarcoidosis].	while increased levels of circulating antibody to various microorganisms have been reported in sarcoidosis patients, the pathogenesis of the disease is still unknown. in this report, the levels of antibody activities against propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) in patients with sarcoidosis, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. each immunoglobulin class of antibody activity to p. acnes was corrected by albumin concentrations in balf ...	1989	2747059
serotonin and tryptamine metabolism in the acute hepatic failure model: changes in tryptophan and its metabolites in the liver, brain and kidney.	when heat-killed propionibacterium acnes, a gram-positive anaerobe, is intravenously injected into mice followed by an intravenous injection of gram-negative lipopolysaccharide (lps) 7 days later, most of the mice die of massive hepatic cell necrosis within 24 hours of lps injection. using this experimental model, acute hepatic failure was induced in mice, and the tryptophan metabolism in the liver, brain and kidney was studied. as a result, the tryptophan level was remarkably high in all three ...	1989	2748146
non-specific resistance to babesia divergens in the mongolian gerbil (meriones unguiculatus).	inoculation of mature gerbils with bcg gave protection to subsequent infection with b. divergens when inoculated by the intracardiac and intraperitoneal routes, the latter showing a dose dependent relationship. bcg vaccination was most effective in immature gerbils (less than 4 weeks old), which are innately resistant to b. divergens. vaccination of gerbils with killed propionesbacterium acne and zymosan a failed to elicit a protective response, which contrasts conspicuously with rodent babesia ...	1989	2759766
[changes in production of platelet activating factor by adherent hepatocytes of mice with experimental liver failure].	it is thought that the platelet activating factor (paf) enhances the immune response and inflammatory reaction. we studied the production of paf from liver adherent cells. as a result, liver adherent cells produced paf, when they were stimulated with calcium ionophore. in addition, when mice were treated with heat-killed propionibacterium acnes and the mononuclear cells were infiltrated into the liver, a significantly larger amount of paf was produced compared to normal mice.	1989	2770018
diphtheroids as ocular pathogens.	unlike corynebacterium diphtheriae and propionibacterium acnes, the pleomorphic gram-positive rods known as diphtheroids are generally regarded as nonpathogenic contaminants of the human external eye. we reviewed five years of microbiology records at wills eye hospital and studied a series of eight cases of apparently infectious keratitis associated with heavy growth of diphtheroids on cultures of ulcer scrapings. all of these cases included indolent ulcers that occurred almost exclusively in el ...	1989	2774033
hematologic interactions of endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf alpha), interleukin 1, and adrenal hormones and the hematologic effects of tnf alpha in corynebacterium parvum-primed rats.	endotoxin reduces the release among other cytokines of tumor necrosis factor (tnf) and interleukin 1 (il-1) and causes peripheral lymphopenia and a dose-response-dependent initial neutropenia followed by a monophasic neutrophilia. tnf alone induces lymphopenia and an initial neutropenia followed by a biphasic neutrophilia. il-1 alone induces lymphopenia and a monophasic neutrophilia. tnf-plus-il-1 caused a greater lymphopenia than either monokine alone, suggesting that both monokines contribute ...	1989	2786048
analysis of the proinflammatory property of epidermal cyst contents: chemotactic c5a anaphylatoxin generation.	we investigated in vitro the contents of epidermal cysts for complement activation and found that they activated complement mainly through the alternative pathway. chemotactic c5a anaphylatoxin produced by the cyst contents after contact with serum most likely plays a significant role in the initiation and aggravation of inflammation in ruptured epidermal cysts. our additional study disclosed that components of three representative follicular resident microorganisms (pityrosporum ovale, propioni ...	1989	2786384
[interleukin-2 production and receptor expression of alveolar lymphocytes stimulated by propionibacterium acnes in sarcoidosis].	we previously reported that alveolar lymphocytes in patients with active sarcoidosis are sensitized to propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) which may play a significant role in the induction of alveolitis in these patients. however, the mechanism of lymphocyte activation is not fully understood. in this study, we further investigated the production of interleukin-2 (il-2), and the responsiveness to il-2 of alveolar lymphocytes obtained from sarcoidosis patients and stimulated by p. acnes in vitro. ...	1989	2787441
[infections by anaerobes in children: frequency of isolation and antimicrobial resistance].	we studied the frequency of isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility of strict anaerobic bacteria isolated in a paediatric hospital. a total of 1,753 samples from purulent material and hemocultures were processed. one hundred and thirty strains were isolated from 95 children: 44 from 48 cases of peritonitis (91.7%), 2 from 8 brain abscesses (25%), 23 from 124 soft tissue abscesses (18.5%), 4 from 64 empyemas or lung abscesses (6.3%) and 22 from 1,509 hemocultures (1.5%). mixed infection (anaer ...	1989	2788434
management options for propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis.	the authors reviewed the management of nine culture-proven cases of propionibacterium acnes endophthalmitis which presented at an average of 4 months after extracapsular cataract extraction (ecce) and posterior chamber intraocular lens (pc iol) implantation. the initial signs included a white intracapsular plaque (9/9), vitritis (9/9), granulomatous uveitis (4/9), nongranulomatous uveitis (5/9), hypopyon (4/9), beaded fibrin strands in the anterior chamber (3/9), and diffuse intraretinal hemorrh ...	1989	2788852
[comparison of the effectiveness and adverse effects of a corynebacterium parvum vaccine made in czechoslovakia with coparvax, a british preparation made by wellcome, in the treatment of malignant pleural effusions].	malignant pleural effusion complicates various malignant diseases, most frequently lung and breast cancer. a group of 20 patients with this complication were treated with the czechoslovak vaccine corynebacterium parvum and the english preparation coparvax, and their effects and side-effects were compared. within 4 weeks following the application, 7 patients died. in 9 surviving patients, the exudate ceased to be replenished and in 4 persons, after intrapleural application of the preparation, it ...	1989	2790915
toxicity of il-2 and corynebacterium parvum following direct intracranial injection.	the toxicity of il-2 and/or c. parvum when injected directly into the mouse brain was examined by survival and histopathology using different numbers of injections, different doses of il-2, different solvents for the il-2, and different doses and routes of administration of c. parvum. two injections was found significantly to increase mortality (19%) over a single injection (4%). mortality from two injections of 30,000 u (23%) or 60,000 u (20%) was higher than from two injections of 15,000 u (12 ...	1989	2795120
intralenticular abscess.	intralenticular abscess is an uncommon complication of surgery or trauma. a case of intralenticular abscess following penetrating trauma is presented. in this case, the offending organism was identified as propionibacterium acnes. this organism is considered to be a cause of slowly progressing endophthalmitis and has been implicated as a cause of the so-called toxic lens syndrome.	1989	2803777
propionibacterium acnes isolated from explanted intraocular lens in pseudophakic bullous keratopathy.	propionibacterium acnes is an anaerobic bacterium that has been reported to produce ocular infection or inflammation following surgery or penetrating trauma. it has been well documented as an etiologic agent associated with infections of prosthetic implants, including intraocular lenses (iols). p. acnes is part of the natural flora of the external eye and has biological properties that may promote, heighten, or prolong an inflammatory response. it not only resists in vitro degradation by reticul ...	1989	2805713
an experimentally-induced acute hepatic failure model in various strains of mice.	when balb/cajc1 mice are intravenously injected with heat-killed propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) followed by an intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (lps) 7 days later, massive necrosis is induced in the liver tissue and most of the mice die within 24 hours of lps injection. using this experimental model, acute hepatic failure was induced in various strains of mice and the difference in the response was studied. as a result, as in balb/cajc1 mice, acute hepatic failure was also induced ...	1989	2806831
[the response of alveolar lymphocytes induced by propionibacterium acnes in pulmonary sarcoidosis: correlation with clinical studies, pulmonary function studies and bronchoalveolar lavage].	current concepts of the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis suggest that the alveolitis in this disorder is related to increased numbers of helper t-cells within the lungs. however, the mechanism of this accumulation of lymphocytes is not known. we have reported that proliferation of alveolar lymphocytes induced by p. acnes is increased in patients with active sarcoidosis. to determine whether the response of alveolar lymphocytes would be useful in staging the activity of pulmonary sarcoidosis, we studi ...	1989	2810973
[spondylitis of the cervical spine caused by non-sporogenic anaerobes].		1989	2811118
infectious arthritis caused by propionibacterium acnes: a report of two cases.	propionibacterium acnes, a micro-organism with low pathogenicity, rarely causes arthritis in a joint without a prosthesis. this report deals with two cases of p acnes infectious arthritis probably caused by direct penetration of the micro-organism into the joint space during arthrocentesis, despite the use of strict disinfection procedures. p acnes isolated from synovial fluid cannot be dismissed as a bothersome contaminant without due consideration of the clinical status of the individual patie ...	1989	2818021
two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of ribosomal proteins from propionibacterium acnes and granulosum.	ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) from a type i strain (atcc 11827) and a type ii strain (atcc 11828) of propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) and from a propionibacterium granulosum (p. granulosum) strain (atcc 11829-2) were analyzed using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (two-dimensional page), for the purpose of genetical analysis of the p. acnes type i and type ii strains and the p. granulosum strain. among the fifty r-proteins in all, almost all of the proteins were electrophor ...	1989	2818796
in vitro bactericidal activity of the glycopeptide compounds vancomycin, teicoplanin and ramoplanin (a-16686/mdl 62,198).		1989	16312373
activity of capryloyl collagenic acid against bacteria involved in acne.	synopsis capryloyl collagenic acid (lipacide c8co) has similar bacteriostatic activity in vitro to that of benzoyl peroxide towards the bacteria found in acne lesions (staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis and propionibacterium acnes) (mic between 1 and 4 mg ml(-1) for c8co, and between 0.5 and 5 mg ml(-1) for benzoyl peroxide). the presence of emulgine m8 did not affect the bacteriostatic activity of c8co. a 4% w/v solution of c8co (incorporating emulgine m8) fulfilled the criteria ...	1989	19456955
mechanism of gram variability in select bacteria.	gram stains were performed on strains of actinomyces bovis, actinomyces viscosus, arthrobacter globiformis, bacillus brevis, butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, clostridium tetani, clostridium thermosaccharolyticum, corynebacterium parvum, mycobacterium phlei, and propionibacterium acnes, using a modified gram regimen that allowed the staining process to be observed by electron microscopy (j. a. davies, g. k. anderson, t. j. beveridge, and h. c. clark, j. bacteriol. 156:837-845, 1983). furthermore, since ...	1990	1689718
tetracycline and 13-cis-retinoic acid inhibit production and activity of granulocyte activating factor (gaf) from propionibacterium acnes.	the aim of this study was to evaluate different treatment schedules on release or activity of a granulocyte activating factor (gaf) from propionibacterium acnes. incubation of p. acnes in physiological saline (30 min, 37 degrees c) resulted in release of a soluble factor that elicited considerable chemiluminescence response and chemotactic stimulus on human granulocytes. pretreatment of the microorganisms with subinhibitory concentrations of tetracycline or incubation of granulocytes with 13-cis ...	1990	1698375
corynebacterium parvum (propionibacterium acnes): an inducer of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and monocytes in vitro.	the present study investigates the potential capacity of the immunostimulant corynebacterium parvum (c.p.) to induce tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) and blood monocytes (bmo) in vitro. both at the mrna and protein level, stimulation of pbmc and bmo upon c.p. induces tnf-alpha. compared to the hitherto used tnf-alpha inducers in vitro such as sendai virus, phytohemagglutinin or lipopolysaccharide the c.p. stimulus displayed a threefold st ...	1990	1698632
the effects of tetracyclines and erythromycin on complement activation in vitro.	the effects of tetracycline, minocycline and erythromycin on complement activation in vitro were studied. at concentrations of 100 mg/l or less, these antibiotics did not inhibit the capacity of propionibacterium acnes to cleave c3 in normal human serum or in serum chelated of ca2+ allowing complement activation by the alternative pathway alone. the antibiotics had no effect (at 100 mg/l) on total haemolytic activity of complement in normal human serum. this study did not provide evidence to sup ...	1990	1981435
possible involvement of platelet-activating factor in the induction of liver cell injury.	in order to examine whether the platelet-activating factor (paf) plays a role in the induction of liver cell injury, the effects of a paf antagonist were studied in an experimental model of mice with acute liver cell injury induced by intravenous injection of heat-killed propionibacterium acnes (p. acnes) and lipopolysaccharide. as a result, an intravenous injection of the paf antagonist was shown to improve the histological changes in the liver, reducing the degree of focal tissue necrosis. in ...	1990	2074969
diagnosis of propionbacterium acnes endophthalmitis.		1990	2089549
[inhibition of growth and metastases of lung carcinoma in c57bl/6 mice by corynebacterium parvum and its antitumor mechanism].	cocrynebacterium parvum (cp) was injected around the tumor and tumor cells were inoculated subcutaneously with activated peritoneal macrophages. the effects on the growth and metastases of lewis lung carcinoma in c57bl/6 mice were observed. experimental results indicated that cp had significant inhibitory effect on the tumor growth and lung metastases. the cytotoxic effects of activated peritoneal macrophages in mice on target tumor cells (l5178y) in vitro were studied with the technique of 3h-t ...	1990	2093073
nontoxic concentration of ceftazidime and flomoxef sodium for intravitreal use--evaluated by in-vitro erg.	the effects of ceftazidime (caz) and flomoxef sodium (fmox) on the in-vitro electroretinogram (erg) of albino rabbits were studied. the a-wave, the b-wave and the oscillatory potential (op) were unchanged by 0.3mm (0.19mg/ml) caz-containing solution. the op was suppressed by 0.5mm (0.32mg/ml) caz. the a-wave, the b-wave and the op were unchanged by 0.5mm (0.26mg/ml) fmox. the op was suppressed and its peak latency was delayed by 2mm (0.52mg/ml) fmox. the concentration of 0.3mm (0.19mg/ml) caz wa ...	1990	2100186
the effect of adherent peritoneal exudate cells (apecs) and their products on the rpc-5 plasmacytoma growth in vitro.	the ability of peritoneal exudate cells (pecs) and their adherent (apecs) and nonadherent (napecs) fractions to enhance rpc-5 plasmacytoma growth in vitro was studied. the capability of these cells to bind rpc-5 cells and influence of the binding on cytolysis tumor cells by activated with c. parvum macrophages was also determined. the effector cells were harvested from mice injected i.p. with pristane, thioglicollate medium or c. parvum or from intact mice. the effect of supernatants from the in ...	1990	2102659
lymphokines and bacteria, that induce tumoricidal activity, trigger a different secretory response in macrophages.	the abilities of various macrophage-activating agents to trigger tumoricidal activity and/or the secretion of prostaglandin e2 (pge2), interleukin 6 (il 6) and transforming growth factor beta (tgf beta) in bone marrow-derived mononuclear phagocytes (bmm phi) in vitro were comparatively assessed. induction of tumoricidal activity by lymphokines, that is only short-lived, was not associated with enhanced secretion of these activities by bmm phi; in contrast, incubation with heat-killed facultative ...	1990	2108046
recurrent postoperative endophthalmitis.	we treated five patients for postoperative endophthalmitis who demonstrated an initially good response to intravitreal management of their infection and then suffered a later recurrence. four of the five patients received a single intravitreal injection of antibiotics as the only intravitreal therapy, and the fifth patient received a single antibiotic injection in addition to a partial vitrectomy. all recurrent infections occurred between 10 and 21 days after the original intravitreal injection ...	1990	2109672
production of interferon-gamma by in vivo tumor-sensitized t cells: association with active antitumor immunity.	the state of active immunity to meth a fibrosarcoma in mice immunized with an admixture of meth a cells and propionibacterium acnes is associated with possession by the host of spleen cells capable of producing interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) upon in vitro restimulation with irradiated tumor cells. the ability of spleen cells from immunized mice to produce ifn-gamma in response to irradiated meth a cells decays as active antitumor immunity is replaced by a state of immunological memory. the ifn-pro ...	1990	2109780
changes in leukotrienes and prostaglandins in the liver tissue of rats in the experimental massive hepatic cell necrosis model.	when heat-killed propionibacterium acnes is intravenously injected into rats followed by an intravenous injection of a small amount of gram-negative lipopolysaccharide (lps) 7 days later, massive hepatic cell necrosis is induced and most of the rats die within 24 hours of lps injection. using this experimental model, we studied the changes in the levels of leukotrienes (lts) and prostaglandins (pgs) in the liver tissue and bile of rats with experimentally-induced massive hepatic cell necrosis. b ...	1990	2117292
mechanisms of macrophage-mediated tumor cell killing: a comparative analysis of the roles of reactive nitrogen intermediates and tumor necrosis factor.	the roles of tumor necrosis factor (tnf alpha) and reactive nitrogen intermediates (rni) as effectors of macrophage-mediated tumor cell killing were investigated in a variety of tumor cell lines. three tnf alpha-sensitive tumor targets were also susceptible to resting bone-marrow-derived mononuclear phagocytes (bmmp). this macrophage lytic activity was markedly diminished or even abolished by anti-tnf alpha, indicating that tnf alpha is the major effector of macrophage-mediated killing of these ...	1990	2120138
resistance to a non-immunogenic tumor, induced by corynebacterium parvum or listeria monocytogenes, is abrogated by anti-interferon gamma.	the complex processes that determine the outcome of the interaction of tumor and host were explored in the operationally simple and reproducible rat d-12 ascites tumor model. animals exhibit weak spontaneous resistance against this tumor that is not augmented by repeated inoculation, by various routes, of irradiated syngeneic d-12 tumor cells, but considerably enhanced after local administration of heat-killed corynebacterium parvum (cp) or listeria monocytogenes (lm) organisms. inoculation of c ...	1990	2120139
the correlation between specific protein synthesis and tumoricidal function in murine peritoneal macrophages.	macrophages from the lipopolysaccharide (lps)-responsive c3h/hen mouse strain and the closely related lps-nonresponsive c3h/hej strain were compared for tumoricidal activation and protein synthetic changes following in vivo and in vitro stimulation, utilizing two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of [35s]methionine-labeled proteins. peritoneal macrophages elicited from c3h/hen mice with heat-killed propionibacterium acnes exhibited tumoricidal activity in a 16-hr cytolytic assay and ...	1990	2121374
[evaluation of immunostimulation of sheep with propionibacterium acnes strain cn 5936 in the prevention of listeriosis].	the purpose of this work was to observe and estimate immune reaction taking place in pregnant sheep and their progeny after applying immunomodulator being a formalized culture strain propionibacterium acnes cn 5936 [pa]. this biological preparation was used in order to reduce the endemic form of listeriosis in a big flock of sheep. 15 pregnant sheep were vaccinated with pa 4 weeks before the date of delivery and later, the sheep's progeny at the age of 3 weeks. during that experiment immunologic ...	1990	2132654
[community- and hospital-acquired bacteremia: a retrospective study in a regional hospital. iii. microbiological aspects].	a retrospective study was made of all blood cultures performed over a 40-month period at the ivrea-castellamonte hospital (turin, italy). a total of 4386 vials from 619 patients were examined. there were 619 positive vials (14.1%) from 131 patients (21.2%) corresponding to 145 bacteremia episodes, including 129 monomicrobial (89%) and 16 polymicrobial (11%). ten patients (1.6%) had more than one episode. there were 73 polluted vials (1.7%). a total of 165 microorganism were isolated: gram-positi ...	1990	2133330
increased numbers of black-pigmented bacteroides in induced periodontitis in monkeys.	in four young adult monkeys, periodontitis was experimentally induced by inserting elastic rubber bands around the necks of two teeth on each side of the mandible. on one side the teeth were not cleaned during the experimental period. on the control side, the teeth were cleaned by scaling and polishing weekly. after 8 weeks there were 6 mm deep pockets and great bone loss on the experimental side. subgingival plaque was collected from experimental and control sides under anaerobic conditions and ...	1990	2133437
[lysis of the cells of propionibacterium acnes by the culture supernatant of actinomyces viscosus].	ecologically there seemed to be antagonistic relations between actinomyces viscosus and propionibacterium acnes. the supernatant of a. viscosus was shown to possess a lytic activity on the growing cells of p. acnes. the results obtained were as follows: 1. only a small number of p. acnes was isolated in samples from which numerous a. viscosus were isolated. on the other hand, p. acnes were frequently isolated in samples from which few cells of a. viscosus were isolated. 2. the concentrate with a ...	1990	2135129
in-vitro studies with ramoplanin (mdl 62,198): a novel lipoglycopeptide antimicrobial.	ramoplanin is a novel lipoglycopeptide antimicrobial complex, isolated from the fermentation products of a strain of actinoplanes sp. (atcc 33076), which comprises three closely related polypeptides, each containing chlorinated phenyl moieties and d-mannose. the in-vitro activity of ramoplanin was compared with those of vancomycin and teicoplanin. ramoplanin was very active against staphylococcus spp., irrespective of methicillin susceptibility, with all isolates inhibited by 1 mg/l or less. con ...	1990	2139436
the pathogenesis and treatment of acne.	acne is a follicular disorder of the skin occurring in specialized pilosebaceous units on the face and trunk. an abnormality of the keratinizing epithelium of these follicles, thought to be due to the action of sebum synthesized and secreted by the androgen-sensitive sebaceous glands, leads to inflammation induced by the follicular bacterium, propionibacterium acnes. therapy involves treatments that modify these pathogenic factors and includes drugs with antikeratinizing, antibacterial, and anti ...	1990	2139553
in vitro activity of teicoplanin, vancomycin, a16686, clindamycin, erythromycin and fusidic acid against anaerobic bacteria.	the in vitro activity of teicoplanin and a16686, two new glycopeptide antibiotics was determined against 196 isolates of anaerobic bacteria. the activity of teicoplanin and a16686, in comparison with that of vancomycin, clindamycin, erythromycin and fusidic acid was 2 to 16 times higher against the gram positive anaerobes, namely, propionibacterium acnes, clostridium perfringens, clostridium difficile, clostridium species, peptococcus species and peptostreptococcus species. however, bacteroides ...	1990	2139737
bacteria of human physiological microflora liberate immunomodulating peptides.	human isolates of propionibacterium acnes and staphylococcus saprophyticus could be shown to liberate low molecular weight peptides (mw less than 6.500 d) with immunomodulating activity. facs analyses of balb/c-mouse lymphoid cells from the thymus and spleen revealed an enhanced percentage of t-helper cells after peptide administration. intestinal microflora decontamination of balb/c-mice considerably reduced immune cell function and lymphatic tissue proliferation. apparently, lack of peptide pr ...	1990	2141788
binding of monomeric immunoglobulins by bone marrow-derived mononuclear phagocytes; its modulation by interferon-gamma.	the ability of resting and activated rat bone marrow-derived mononuclear phagocytes (bmm phi) to bind monomeric rat, mouse, and human igg was determined by means of flow cytometry. rat igg2b bound with high affinity (kd approximately equal to 3 x 10(-9) m); binding was optimal at 4 degrees c and was only little affected by trypsin treatment. the other igg bound with only low affinity (rat igg2a, mouse and human igg) or not at all to rat bmm phi (rat igg1, rat igg2c). the binding of rat igg2b was ...	1990	2145176