Publications

cloning and expression in escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis of the hemolysin (cereolysin) determinant from bacillus cereus.	from a cosmid gene bank of bacillus cereus gp4 in escherichia coli we isolated clones which, after several days of incubation, formed hemolysis zones on erythrocyte agar plates. these clones contained recombinant cosmids with b. cereus dna insertions of varying lengths which shared some common restriction fragments. the smallest insertion was recloned as a psti fragment into pjkk3-1, a shuttle vector which replicates in bacillus subtilis and e. coli. when this recombinant plasmid (pjkk3-1 hly-1) ...	1983	6307975
cefotaxime versus ampicillin, methicillin and netilmicin in combination for treatment of febrile episodes in patients with haematologic malignancy.	a prospective, randomized trial comparing treatment of 61 febrile episodes with cefotaxime (ctx) versus a combination of ampicillin, methicillin, and netilmicin (amn) was carried out in 58 patients with leukaemia or malignant lymphoma, of whom 28 had a granulocyte count of less than or equal to 500 x 10(6)/l. the overall response frequency was 63% for ctx against 49% for the amn combination, the latter figure being lower than generally reported in the literature. the difference was not statistic ...	1983	6308965
alternative induction of alpha/beta interferons and gamma interferon by listeria monocytogenes in mouse spleen cell cultures.	production of interferon (ifn) by listeria monocytogenes (lm) in nonimmunized mouse spleen cell cultures was studied. ifn-gamma defined by virtue of its acid stability and antigenicity was produced in spleen cell cultures obtained from ddy mice, c57bl/6 mice, and balb/c mice in response to heat-killed (hk) lm within 24 hr. on the other hand, production of ifn-alpha/beta was demonstrated in spleen cell cultures obtained from one of four nude mice (balb/c, nu/nu). therefore, it is important to kno ...	1983	6187478
effects of various coryneforms on mononuclear phagocyte system function and on production of tumour necrosis factor in mice.	vaccines of 6 strains of the genera corynebacterium and propionibacterium were tested for induction of hepatosplenomegaly and stimulation of clearance of injected colloidal carbon and viable listeria monocytogenes. these effects were compared with the ability of these strains to support the endotoxin-induced liberation of tumour necrosis factor, interferon and heat-stable cytostatic factors in mouse circulation. five strains caused good stimulation of macrophage functions and induced high levels ...	1983	6190428
effect of interferon inducers and purified mouse interferon on the susceptibility of mice to infection with listeria monocytogenes.		1983	6191531
[interferon induction by proteins as exemplified by a human plasma fraction cryoprecipitate].		1983	6191730
[antibiotic therapy in the compromised host--presented as a model for listeriosis in the mouse. ii. effect of tetracycline].	the effectiveness of tetracycline therapy on listeria-infection in compromised host was evaluated in three different murine models. in normal adult mice infected with a tetracycline susceptible strain of listeria monocytogenes, treatment with this antibiotic caused a reduced rate of multiplication of bacteria. that is, a low bacterial count was found in the spleen. when the macrophage system which in listeria-infection represents a major defense mechanism was blocked through dextran sulfate 500, ...	1983	6194102
fate of pasteurella hemolytica in conventionally raised and germfree mice.	when pasteurella hemolytica was introduced into conventionally raised icr mice by a variety of routes (intraperitoneal, aerogenic, and oral), the inoculum was rapidly eliminated, and none of the mice died. even when the inoculum was injected intraperitoneally into sublethally irradiated (600 rads) mice, the organisms were eliminated rapidly unless suspended in 10% hog gastric mucin. when germfree icr mice were orally infected with p. hemolytica, the infection established itself in the intestinal ...	1983	6218093
production of migration inhibitory factor by listeria-immune mouse t lymphocytes, but not b lymphocytes.	antigens and b cell mitogens have been reported to induce migration inhibition factor (mif) production by mouse b cells. immune resistance to the intracellular bacterium, listeria monocytogenes is thought to involve t cells, but not b cells. since listeria-derived components are b cell, but not t cell mitogens, it was important to determine whether these materials could stimulate secretion of the lymphokine, mif by t cells, b cells, or both. thus populations of whole, unfractionated spleen cells ...	1983	6336723
influence of early weaning and dietary fat on immune responses in adult rats.	equal numbers of female rats, either prematurely weaned at 14 days of age or allowed to nurse for 21 days, were pair-fed a diet containing either vegetable oil or cholesterol-enriched animal fat for 95 days. thereafter all animals received the animal fat diet until 11 months of age. rats were then immunized with sheep erythrocytes and the antibody response quantified. there was no significant effect of early weaning or diet on the number of plaque-forming splenocytes or on serum hemolysins. a si ...	1983	6338173
bacterial meningitis--1982.	the etiologic agents in bacterial meningitis vary with time, geography, and patient age. predominant pathogens are escherichia coli, group b streptococci, listeria monocytogenes, haemophilus influenzae, neisseria meningitidis, and streptococcus pneumoniae. approximately 70 percent of all cases occur in children under the age of five. the case-fatality rate in the united states in 1978 was 13.6 percent, but it is known that underreporting of cases, and therefore of case-fatalities, occurs. preven ...	1983	6349348
impaired macrophage functions as a possible basis of immunomodification by microbial agents, tilorone and dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide.	four microbial and two chemically defined immunomodulating agents namely viable bcg, killed mycobacterium butyricum, killed lactobacillus plantarum, zymosan, tilorone, and dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (dda) were studied for their effects on macrophage functions in vitro and in vivo. all agents induced a dose-dependent mortality of macrophages as determined by trypan blue exclusion. dda and especially tilorone were rather toxic for macrophages in vitro. all agents except tilorone and dda i ...	1983	6351737
bacterial meningitis in older neonates.	during a five-year period, 24 patients' conditions (age range, 2 to 6 weeks) were diagnosed, and they were treated for bacterial meningitis. organisms recovered from the csf included group b streptococcus (n = 6), escherichia coli (n = 5), listeria monocytogenes (n = 5), hemophilus influenzae (n = 4), streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 2), and group d and group a streptococcus (one each). initial antimicrobial therapy must include antibiotics that are effective across this spectrum of potential patho ...	1983	6356881
[favorable prognosis of listeria monocytogenes infections in kidney transplant patients].		1983	6358719
epidemic listeriosis--evidence for transmission by food.		1983	6401354
effect of acute nutritional deprivation on immune function in mice. i. macrophages.	this study was designed to explore the effects of acute nutritional deprivation (starvation) on macrophage function in mice. in vivo macrophage activity was increased by starvation, as determined by multiplication of listeria monocytogenes in both spleens and livers after intravenous injection. similarly, in vitro studies revealed that the capacity of peritoneal macrophages to kill listeria was enhanced by starvation. this function was increased further by the addition of small concentrations of ...	1983	6402445
equine abortion caused by listeria monocytogenes serotype 4.		1983	6402475
interferon-gamma production by listeria monocytogenes-specific t cells active in cellular antibacterial immunity.	cultures of peritoneal exudate t lymphocyte-enriched cells (petlec) from listeria monocytogenes-immune mice, antigen-presenting cells (apc) and heat-killed l. monocytogenes produced high amounts of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma). high ifn titers were also observed after stimulation of l. monocytogenes-immune cell cultures with the t cell mitogens concanavalin a and phytohemagglutinin. l. monocytogenes-immune petlec produced several fold higher ifn titers than normal cell cultures in response to mi ...	1983	6403361
time course of antilisterial activity by immunologically activated murine peritoneal macrophages.	murine peritoneal macrophages were rapidly rendered listericidal after exposure to lymphokine-rich supernatants (lrss) derived from antigen-pulsed listeria monocytogenes-immune spleen cells. a 6-h incubation period with lrss was sufficient to induce microbicidal activity in resident macrophages. in vitro induction of macrophage listericidal activity by constant exposure to lrss persisted for 18 h, after which time spleen cell factors were no longer capable of modifying intracellular inactivation ...	1983	6403458
human peritoneal macrophage phagocytic, killing, and chemiluminescent responses to opsonized listeria monocytogenes.	opsonization with normal human serum, purified immunoglobulin g, or immunoglobulin g-deficient serum promoted phagocytosis of listeria monocytogenes by human peritoneal macrophages. however, normal human serum was the most effective opsonin in elicting killing and chemiluminescent responses. macrophages phagocytized and killed almost as much as polymorphonuclear leukocytes but produced considerably less chemiluminescence.	1983	6403471
bcg-induced susceptibility of mice to challenge with pseudomonas aeruginosa.	mice infected with mycobacterium bovis, bcg, were shown to be highly susceptible to subsequent challenge with pseudomonas aeruginosa. the susceptibility was characterized by the enhanced mortality and shortened survival after challenge with p. aeruginosa. bcg-treated mice did not show any enhanced susceptibility to challenge with gram-positive bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus or listeria monocytogenes. bcg-treated mice eliminated p. aeruginosa from their organs in a pattern similar to that ...	1983	6403661
protective activity of thymosin against opportunistic infections in animal models.	animal models for opportunistic infections were developed by using mice immunosuppressed by 5-fu. these mice were susceptible to various microorganisms, while normal mice had greater tolerance to such microbial infections. in these models, thymosin alpha 1 was found to protect mice against lethal infections with candida albicans, listeria monocytogenes, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and serratia marcescens when it was administered during 5-fu treatment prior to the infections. thymosin alpha 1 was eff ...	1983	6404549
restriction in adoptive transfer of resistance to listeria monocytogenes. i. influence of non-h-2 loci.	in vivo adoptive transfer of t-cell-mediated immunity to the facultative intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes is restricted, not only by the h-2 haplotype of the mice, but also by incompatibilities at non-h-2 loci. thus, transfer between h-2 identical strains of mice with different background genes was reproducibly and significantly less efficient than transfer between completely syngeneic mice, although the restriction was less marked than that across the h-2 barrier. restriction also ...	1983	6404560
chemical composition and biological functions of listeria monocytogenes cell wall preparations.	a crude listeria cell wall fraction, a purified fraction (pf) with demonstrated biological activity, as well as a third fraction of base-hydrolyzed pf (bhpf) were analyzed for chemical composition and activities not previously described. listeria cell wall fraction and pf contained significant quantities of lipid, whereas bhpf was lipid depleted. fatty acid compositions were typical of gram-positive bacteria. pf and bhpf were depleted in protein. alanine, glutamic acid, diaminopimelic acid, gluc ...	1983	6404818
lack of correlative enhancement of passive transfer of delayed-type hypersensitivity and antilisterial resistance when using concanavalin a-stimulated primed spleen cells.	the adoptive transfer of resistance to listeria monocytogenes can be significantly enhanced by in vitro incubation of primed murine spleen cells with concanavalin a (cona) before transfer into syngeneic recipients. the level of transferred resistance, as measured by clearance of infectious organisms, can approach that observed in actively immunized mice. when delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) responses of passive transfer recipients were compared, there was no difference in the level of hypers ...	1983	6404821
in vitro propagation of antigen-specific t lymphocytes that adoptively transfer resistance to listeria monocytogenes.	murine t cells generated against heat-killed listeria monocytogenes or listeria intracellular product (lip) were propagated in a source of interleukin 2. both t-cell cultures were greater than 98% lyt 1+, 2/3- and proliferated specifically against lip and l. monocytogenes crude whole-cell antigen in vitro. proliferation of both t-cell cultures required the presence of antigen and accessory cells syngeneic to the t cells at the left end of the major histocompatibility complex. the ability of thes ...	1983	6404832
[biochemical differentiation of the "listeria monocytogenes" (sensu lato) genomic groups].	camp-tests with staphylococcus aureus and rhodococcus equi and acid production from d-xylose allowed to separate the five dna relatedness groups described for listeria monocytogenes sensu lato; acid production from l-rhamnose and alpha-methyl-d-mannoside are secondary markers.	1983	6405670
course of infection and development of immunity in experimental infection of mice with listeria serotypes.	nmri mice were experimentally infected with listeria monocytogenes serotypes 1/2b, 3a, 4b, and 4d and listeria innocua serotype 6b by different means. the course of infection was monitored, using bacteriological and histological methods. the following typical features of experimental infection with the various l. monocytogenes and l. innocua serotypes were observed. (i) on the basis of the mean lethal dose, l. monocytogenes 4b, 4d, and 1/2b proved to be mouse pathogenic, although to different de ...	1983	6406363
hemolytic phenomenons under the cultivation of listeria innocua.	it was proved that listeria innocua is able to hemolyze rabbit erythrocytes in blood agars when oxoid or difco nutrient agars are used as basic substrate. after 48 h incubation at 37 degrees c and a further 24 h at 4 degrees c the hemolytic effect was clearly expressed. the hot-cold incubation was inevitable. unlike the hemolytic effect of l. monocytogenes, the hemolytic phenomenon of l. innocua was not enhanced by the equi-factor.	1983	6407238
delayed bactericidal activity of beta-lactam antibiotics against listeria monocytogenes: antagonism of chloramphenicol and rifampin.	penicillins are considered to be the drugs of choice for the treatment of listeric meningitis, and relapse of infection is rare when treatment is given in appropriate doses for at least 14 days. despite this, in vitro studies by others have shown that penicillins are bacteriostatic against listeria spp. we have shown that thienamycin, penicillin g, and ampicillin are the most active beta-lactam antibiotics against listeria spp. of 10 strains tested, 9 were killed by less than or equal to 8 micro ...	1983	6407393
restriction in adoptive transfer of resistance to listeria monocytogenes. ii. use of congenic and mutant mice show transfer to be h-2k restricted.	adoptive transfer of cell-mediated immunity to the facultative intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes is restricted by the h-2 complex of mice. using c57bl/10 and c57bl/6 congenic strains of mice it was shown that compatibility of the h-2k locus, not the i region, was essential and sufficient for adoptive transfer and that h-2d compatibility was not relevant. mutation at the h-2k locus prevented adoptive transfer, while mutation at the ia-1 locus, as in the b6.c-h-2bm12 mutant of c57bl/6 ...	1983	6407759
in vitro production of immune interferon (ifn gamma) by murine spleen cells when different sensitizing antigens are used in vivo and in vitro.	ok-432, a killed preparation of streptococcus pyogenes, as well as bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) and corynebacterium parvum are all known to induce immune interferon (ifn gamma) in mice. to examine the mechanisms of ifn gamma induction by ok-432, ddi mice were sensitized with various doses of ok-432, either by a single injection of a 1-mg dose or repeated injections of 0.1-mg doses given intraperitoneally. spleen cells removed from the mice 7-9 days after the last injection produced high-titere ...	1983	6407761
[a case of cholelithiasis, in which listeria monocytogenes type 3 was isolated from the patient's bile].		1983	6408201
[recent results in the microbiology and epidemiology of human listeriosis in east germany].		1983	6408813
listeriosis of roe-deer in hungary.		1983	6408852
cellular mechanisms of resistance to listeria monocytogenes.		1983	6408902
natural resistance to listeria monocytogenes as a function of macrophage inflammatory response.		1983	6408903
effect of acute nutritional deprivation on host defenses against listeria monocytogenes--macrophage function.		1983	6408904
[inflammation and antibacterial resistance. iii. influence of an inflammatory reaction induced by the injection of polyacrylamide gels on the resistance of mice to listeria monocytogenes infection].	inflammation was induced in the dorsal area of pathogen-free mice following subcutaneous injection of polyacrylamide microbeads (biogel) of varying particle size (200-400 mesh) and pore size (exclusion limit ranging from a molecular weight of 2,000 to 300,000). six days after injection of the microbeads, mice were infected with 10(5) listeria monocytogenes. only animals injected with "biogel p2, p4, p6" (exclusion limit 2,000, 4,000 and 6,000 respectively) survived this lethal inoculum of lister ...	1983	6408974
beta-lactam antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria responsible for neonatal meningitis.	neonatal meningitis is caused by group b streptococci (gbs), escherichia coli, and listeria monocytogenes, in order of frequency. newly developed cephalosporins with a broad spectrum of activity have altered the therapy of meningitis due to gram-negative bacilli. however, we found that clinical isolates of gbs and l. monocytogenes did not demonstrate uniform susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics. antibiotic potencies for gbs tested were: cefotaxime, penicillin, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin, cefa ...	1983	6409519
toxoplasma gondii: decreased resistance to intracellular bacteria in mice.	the effect of sublethal inocula of toxoplasma gondii on the course of listeriosis and salmonellosis in mice was investigated. intravenous injection of t. gondii 24 hr after inoculation of listeria monocytogenes increased mortality from 16% (l. monocytogenes alone) to 68% (l. monocytogenes + t. gondii) (p less than 0.001). multiplication of l. monocytogenes in spleens also was increased significantly in mice given t. gondii. by 3 days after infection, mice that had received t. gondii and l. monoc ...	1983	6409658
listeria monocytogenes in northern nigeria.	during a one-year prospective study, the clinical conditions in which listeria monocytogenes was isolated from nineteen patients (six females, thirteen males) included meningitis, meningoencephalitis, spontaneous peritonitis, septicaemia, arthritis, pelvic infection and urethritis. all isolates were type 4 serotype. both apparently well persons and patients with already compromised immune systems were observed. subtyping of ascitic fluid lymphocytes in one patient with peritonitis showed predomi ...	1983	6409967
killing of listeria monocytogenes by human neutrophils and monocytes, but not by monocyte-derived macrophages.	acquired resistance to listeriosis is thought to require immunological activation of mononuclear phagocytes to an enhanced microbicidal state. in this study we found that both neutrophils and mononuclear phagocytes from nonimmunized human donors killed listeria monocytogenes in vitro as well as they killed salmonella typhimurium and escherichia coli. bactericidal activity was detectable using both adherent cell and cell suspension bactericidal assays; however, bactericidal activity was greater w ...	1983	6410063
listeria monocytogenes prosthetic valve endocarditis.	listeria monocytogenes is a rare cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis and in all of the four reported cases has occurred as a late complication. bacteriologic cure of the infection has been obtained in all reported patients, using a standard regimen of either penicillin or penicillin and an aminoglycoside. the two deaths were associated with starr-edwards prostheses in the aortic position and have been attributed to embolic phenomena occurring after bacteriologic sterilization of the infected ...	1983	6410519
[effect of moderate protein-calorie deprivation on cell-mediated immunity in mice].	mild protein-calorie deprivation in mice decreases their early nonspecific inflammatory response to an injection of bcg or tuberculin into the footpad. after an injection of bcg, the size of the granuloma and the delayed hypersensitivity reaction to tuberculin significantly decreased. this decrease in cell-mediated immunity was paradoxically accompanied by a fall in bacillus multiplication at the popliteal ganglion, i.e. the site of bcg injection. a reduction in microbial multiplication was also ...	1983	6410973
listeria meningitis--in vitro sensitivities to co-trimoxazole, penicillins and gentamicin.		1983	6411056
structural and immunochemical studies of teichoic acid of listeria monocytogenes.	an immunologically active teichoic acid component was isolated from the cell wall of listeria monocytogenes strain egd. the teichoic acid component, accounting for about 20% of the weight of cell wall, contained n-acetylglucosamine, rhamnose, ribitol, and phosphorus in a molar ratio of 0.95 : 1.0 : 0.97 : 0.98. the molecular weight of the teichoic acid chain was about 120,000 as analyzed by gel filtration. the probable structure was deduced from the results of methylation analysis, smith degrada ...	1983	6411698
kinetics of killing listeria monocytogenes by macrophages: rapid killing accompanying phagocytosis.	the kinetics of bactericidal activity of activated macrophages can be precisely described by a mathematical model in which phagocytosis, killing, digestion, and release of degraded bacterial material are considered to occur continuously. to gain a better understanding of these events, i have determined the period of time between first contact of bacteria with macrophages and the onset of killing. activated rat peritoneal macrophages were incubated for various times up to 15 min with listeria mon ...	1983	6411918
electric field effects on bacteria and yeast cells.	comparative studies were carried out describing the lethal effects of electric pulses on gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, and yeast cells. microorganisms are killed by the pulse treatment without visible morphological destruction. the observed survival rates are figured as functions of the field strength e and the treatment time t (pulse number x time constant) revealing three explicit parameters as sufficient to explain the kinetics of the results. these parameters are determined ...	1983	6412279
surface thermodynamics of bacterial adhesion.	the adhesion of five strains of bacteria, i.e., staphylococcus aureus (strain 049), staphylococcus epidermidis (strain 047), escherichia coli (strains 055 and 2627), and listeria monocytogenes, to various polymeric surfaces was studied. the design of the experimental protocol was dictated by thermodynamic considerations. from the thermodynamic model for the adhesion of small particles from a suspension onto a solid substratum, it follows that the extent of adhesion is determined by the surface p ...	1983	6412629
comparison between immunopotency tests and specific active or passive acquired resistance against mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice induced with three different preparations of bcg pasteur vaccine.	tests, exploring hallmarks of cell-mediated immunity (cmi), were used in order to compare immunogenecity of same numbers of viable units from three different preparations of bcg vaccine derived from the same strain. specific and non-specific cellular immune responses were assessed by several tests including, active and adoptive acquired resistance to mycobacterium tuberculosis, local and systemic granuloma formation. bcg persistence in the spleen, delayed type hypersensibility (dth) to tuberculi ...	1983	6413106
[icteric hepatitis in listeriosis?].	icteric hepatitis was observed in a 21-year-old female patient. titres of the agglutination reaction for listeria monocytogenes supported the likelihood of listeria infection. further serological studies of potentially relevant viruses and bacteria remained negative.	1983	6413189
antibacterial activity of microbicidal cationic proteins 1 and 2, natural peptide antibiotics of rabbit lung macrophages.	microbicidal cationic proteins 1 and 2, peptides derived from rabbit lung macrophages, were tested for bactericidal activity against various bacterial species. both were highly active against diverse gram-positive and gram-negative organisms under conditions of near-neutral ph (between 7 and 8) and relatively low ionic strength. susceptible species included staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, listeria monocytogenes, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneu ...	1983	6413408
resistance and susceptibility of mice to bacterial infection. iv. functional specificity in natural resistance to facultative intracellular bacteria.	the effect of opsonic antibody on resistance of susceptibility of three strains of mice, c57bl/10, balb/c, and cba to the intracellular bacteria listeria monocytogenes, salmonella typhimurium, and brucella abortus was tested. bacteria were opsonized by serum treatment before their injection into mice, or the mice were preimmunized by injection with alcohol killed bacteria which induces antibody without macrophage activation. antibody did not increase the rate of clearance of listeria from the bl ...	1983	6413682
[processes of bacterial l transformation and l form reversion in the body of argasid ticks].	the experimental infection of tampan ticks (ornithodoros moubata) with the bacterial cultures of listeria monocytogenes and salmonella typhimurium, as well as with their l-forms, was carried out. these experiments demonstrated that both the l-transformation of bacteria and the reversion of their l-forms into the initial bacterial culture could occur in the body of the ticks.	1983	6414200
immunoactive peptides, fk-156 and fk-565. i. enhancement of host resistance to microbial infection in mice.	the protective effect of an immunoactive peptide, d-lactoyl-l-alanyl-gamma-d-glutamyl-(l)-meso-diaminopimelyl-(l)-glycine (fk-156) and a related compound, heptanoyl-gamma-d-glutamyl-(l)-meso-diaminopimelyl-(d)-alanine (fk-565) was determined in mice with various kinds of microbial infections. fk-156 and fk-565 were given to mice either subcutaneously or orally before challenge. the drugs enhanced significantly the defense of mice against acute systemic infections induced by various extracellular ...	1983	6415029
lipoteichoic acid from listeria monocytogenes.	a lipoteichoic acid (lta) was extracted from listeria monocytogenes (serotype 1) by phenol-water partition and isolated by gel-filtration chromatography. the lta exhibited amphiphilic properties by changes in gel-filtration mobility in the presence of detergent buffers and after mild base hydrolysis. in a hemagglutination assay, listeria lta bound antibody prepared against a known lta from streptococcus spp. listeria lta inhibited the binding of anti-lta antibody to a lactobacillus lta in a hema ...	1983	6415040
evaluation of rifampin and other antibiotics against listeria monocytogenes in vitro and in vivo.	the activity of rifampin and other antibiotics against listeria monocytogenes in vitro and in experimental animal models of listeriosis is reviewed. rifampin appears to be bacteriostatic against listeria in vitro, and it is reported to be no more effective than penicillin against experimental listeria meningitis in the rabbit. however, because of insufficient clinical data, the optimal antibiotic regimen for listeriosis in humans remains conjectural. at present, the most frequently recommended r ...	1983	6415782
outbreak of listeria meningoencephalitis in young lambs.	an outbreak of listeriosis occurred in five-week-old lambs in a flock of 200 dorset ewes and 240 lambs in-wintered. nine lambs were lost within a period of 10 days. no cases of stillbirth or abortion or cerebral listeriosis occurred in the ewes. silage had been fed on this farm to both cattle and sheep for 10 years without any previous problems. a description of the outbreak and the findings are reported.	1983	6415890
[comparative virulence of the 5 genomic groups of listeria monocytogenes (sensu lato)].	virulence of the five genomic groups of listeria monocytogenes (sensu lato) was tested toward mice by determination of ld50 and growth or survival kinetics in vivo. virulent strains included l. monocytogenes (sensu lato) (genomic group 1) and "l. bulgarica" (genomic group 2). the three other genomic groups, "l. innocua", "l. welshimeri" and "l. seeligeri", were apathogenic and avirulent under these experimental conditions.	1983	6416124
the mode of immunopotentiating action of bestatin: enhanced resistance to listeria monocytogenes infection.		1983	6417097
infection, haemorrhagia and death of chick embryos experimentally inoculated with listeria monocytogenes by the intra-allantoic route.	when allantoic sacs of embryonated (spf) chicken eggs were inoculated with different doses to investigate the pathogenicity of two strains of listeria monocytogens (4379 and nctc 5214), infection resulted which spread rapidly throughout the embryonated eggs. when low doses were used small pock lesions on the chorio-allantoic membrane (cam), generalized haemorrhage (especially on the head region) and deaths of the embryos with necrotic foci on the liver and heart were observed. neither the pock l ...	1983	6417944
in vitro effect of combinations of antimicrobial agents and edta-tromethamine on certain gram-positive bacteria.	combinations of edta-tromethamine and 7 antimicrobial agents (chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, oxytetracycline, penicillin, polymyxin-b, streptomycin, and a triple sulfonamide preparation) were tested for synergistic activities against staphylococcus aureus, corynebacterium renal, listeria monocytogenes, erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, and a beta-hemolytic streptococci. two in vitro tests were used--minimal inhibitory concentrations of the drugs and a 2-dimensional microtiter checkerboard techniqu ...	1983	6418038
the effects of severe protein-calorie malnutrition on antibacterial defense mechanisms in the rat lung.	protein-calorie malnutrition (pcm) impairs systemic immunity in humans and animals, but its effects on regional defense mechanisms in the lung are not clear. therefore, we investigated lung phagocytic antibacterial defenses in vivo and in vitro in an animal model of pcm. matched groups of weanling rats consumed isocaloric diets containing either 0.8% (pcm) or 24% protein (control, c). a third group of animals was fed the c diet in restricted amounts to match the daily caloric intake of the pcm a ...	1983	6418043
[listeria monocytogenes infections in the adult. experience in the last decade of 1971-1981].		1983	6419301
phage typing of listeria monocytogenes in hungary.	ninety-eight (39.6%) out of 247 listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from a variety of sources were typable by 27 phases. of the 31 human strains only 3 belonged to phage types occurring in cattle, sheep and surface waters. a close correlation existed between serotype and phage type of the strains. serotype 1/2 and 4 strains isolated in hungary were less frequently typable than cultures originating from france. phage typing is a useful tool for epidemiological tracing but, for a more effectiv ...	1983	6419533
effect of bacillus calmette-guérin infection on delayed footpad reaction to listeria monocytogenes.	the role of peritoneal macrophages induced by bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) in the induction of immune responses to listeria monocytogenes was studied in mice. the peritoneal macrophages from mice treated with bcg 14 days previously contained a high proportion of ia-bearing macrophages (approximately 56%) and the cells showed not only a high level of listericidal activity but also a strong ability for presentation of listerial antigen to listeria-immune t cells. an intraperitoneal inoculation w ...	1984	6420081
the regulation of macrophage activity in congenitally athymic mice.	it has been suggested that non-t cell-mediated cellular immune mechanisms might be elevated in nude mice, which could contribute to their partial resistance to intracellular infectious agents and to the development of spontaneous tumors. in this study we have examined macrophages (m phi) from athymic, euthymic and athymic t cell-reconstituted mice in terms of their phagocytic capacity, microbicidal and tumoricidal activity, and the production of hydrogen peroxidase and superoxide anions. these s ...	1984	6420167
evaluation of mycobacterium leprae immunogenicity via adoptive transfer studies.	the immune response of mice to live, heat-killed, or autoclaved mycobacterium leprae was investigated. after sensitization with 10(7) organisms in each group, recipient mice were transfused with the sensitized splenocytes 28 days later. a selected number of these mice were infected with 5 x 10(3) m. leprae, and the remaining animals were sacrificed at scheduled intervals for evidence of cell-mediated immunity to the m. leprae cell extract. data from these and the bacteriological assays showed th ...	1984	6360910
biological activities of a murine t-cell clone with reactivity to mycobacterium leprae.	mice were immunized subcutaneously with killed mycobacterium leprae in incomplete freund's adjuvant and draining lymph nodes removed. lymph node cells were propagated in vitro and cloned at limiting dilution in the presence of syngeneic accessory cells, antigen, and t-cell growth factor. cloned t cells were restricted by the h-2i-a sublocus. in vitro interaction(s) of cloned t cells with accessory cells presenting m. leprae-derived determinants resulted in t-cell proliferation, interleukin secre ...	1984	6362895
effect of triphenyltin hydroxide on the immune system of the rat.	to evaluate the functional significance of triphenyltin hydroxide (tpth)-induced lymphopenia and lymphocyte depletion in thymus-dependent areas of spleen and lymph nodes, various immune function studies were carried out after 3 or 4 weeks tpth exposure. weaned male rats were fed a diet containing 25 mg tpth/kg, a concentration that did not influence food intake and weight gain. tbto exposure was continued during the course of the function tests. as parameters of the cell-mediated immunity in 2 e ...	1984	6367147
anti-viral immune response of allogeneic irradiation bone marrow chimeras: cytotoxic t cell responsiveness depends upon h-2 combination and infectious agent.	allogeneic irradiation bone marrow chimeras c57bl/10 (h-2b) leads to b10.br (h-2k) and b10.br (h-2k) leads to c57bl/10 (h-2b) were raised under specific pathogen-free (spf) conditions; they survived very well and were healthy under spf for 3-4 months and subsequently, under conventional housing conditions, for 1 to 8 months. their immune response against third-party alloantigens was comparable with that of controls. anti-vaccinia virus responses were very low when compared with syngeneic control ...	1984	6198181
murine model for therapy of listeriosis in the compromised host. iii. the effect of rifampicin.	10 different strains of listeria monocytogenes tested in vitro were found to be susceptible to rifampicin showing minimal inhibitory concentrations between 0.0075 and 0.06 microgram/ml. mice infected with a virulent strain of l. monocytogenes were treated with this antibiotic. bacterial counts rapidly declined. in dextran sulfate-treated animals, deprived of their macrophage system and consequently highly susceptible to listeria infection, rifampicin was able to protect the animals. furthermore, ...	1984	6199164
suppression of bcg cell wall-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity by pretreatment with killed bcg: induction of nonspecific suppressor t cells by the adjuvant portion (mdp) and of specific suppressor t cells by the antigen portion (tap).	we showed previously that antigen-nonspecific suppressor t cells induced by i.v. injection of heat-killed bacillus calmette-guérin (bcg) were involved in suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth). we suggested that the adjuvant portion of bcg might be involved in the induction of these cells. in this report, we show that bcg cell wall-induced dth responses in mice pretreated with muramyl dipeptide (mdp), a minimum adjuvant constituent of bcg, were suppressed nonspecifically. in addition ...	1984	6202761
suppression of the immune response to listeria monocytogenes. i. immune complexes inhibit resistance.	murine infection with the facultative intracellular pathogen listeria monocytogenes was studied as a model of cell-mediated immunity. overwhelming lethal infection with listeria developed when mice were given a secondary challenge with a protein antigen at the same time as listeria infection. three days after infection, mice immunized with ovalbumin and then challenged with listeria and ovalbumin had up to 2.1(10)6 times as many viable listeria organisms in their spleens as mice challenged only ...	1984	6202779
t cell clones and their products: experimental clues for the immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy of intracellular bacterial infections?	in this paper experimental models utilizing murine t cell clones specific for the intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes are described and some matters of possible relevance to the development of novel immunological strategies against intracellular bacterial infections discussed. improved vaccines against intracellular bacteria should be selected for their expression of a maximum amount of immunoprotective epitopes and their lack of immunosuppressive epitopes. analysis of these epitopes ...	1984	6203841
non-specific suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity by intrathymic injection of killed bacteria.	previous intrathymic injection of 50 micrograms of killed bcg as well as killed listeria in mice produced suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity responsiveness induced with bcg cell walls (cw) or live listeria. this finding was analysed in vitro by the macrophage migration inhibition test. non-adherent spleen cells from mice that had been injected intrathymically with killed bcg or killed listeria were tested for the ability to regulate the migration inhibition response of peritoneal exuda ...	1984	6205480
the significance of alpha/beta interferons and gamma interferon produced in mice infected with listeria monocytogenes.	interferon (ifn)-alpha/beta was induced in the circulation of mice infected intravenously with listeria monocytogenes 24 to 72 hr after infection, but was not induced by the administration of heat-killed listeria, listerial cell wall fraction (lcwf), or listerial soluble fraction. appearance of ifn-alpha/beta showed a pattern similar to that of the growth of bacteria in the spleen and the liver of mice. ifn-alpha/beta production was abrogated by pretreatment of mice with anti-asialo gm1 antibody ...	1984	6206958
effect of splenectomy on production of interferon and colony-stimulating factor in listeria monocytogenes-infected mice.	splenectomy of mice genetically susceptible to listeria monocytogenes genetically susceptible mouse strains increased their resistance to l. monocytogenes infection but had no effect on the course of infection in l. monocytogenes-resistant mice. however, splenectomy led to a dramatic decrease in the production of colony-stimulating factor and interferon after l. monocytogenes infection in all mouse strains examined.	1984	6209225
introduction of pam beta 1 into listeria monocytogenes by conjugation and homology between native l. monocytogenes plasmids.	the broad host range antibiotic resistance plasmid pam beta 1 was transferred from streptococcus faecalis to 9 of 15 listeria monocytogenes strains by conjugation. l. monocytogenes transconjugates could transfer the plasmid either among l. monocytogenes strains or back to s. faecalis. transfer between the various strains occurred without any detectable plasmid dna rearrangements. the pam beta 1 replicon was stable in l. monocytogenes--it was retained without antibiotic selection when the bacteri ...	1984	6323313
immunotoxic effects of diethylstilbestrol on host resistance: comparison with cyclophosphamide.	to evaluate the usefulness of host resistance assays for measurement of immunotoxicologic effects of chemicals, the immunosuppressive effects of exposure to diethylstilbestrol (des) were compared with the effects of treatment with the known immunosuppressive drug cyclophosphamide (cps). a panel of six host resistance models was evaluated, including infection with the bacterium listeria monocytogenes, herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2), and encephalomyocarditis virus (emc), the yeast cryptococcu ...	1984	6323603
antibacterial activity of coumermycin alone and in combination with other antibiotics.	coumermycin has been shown to inhibit staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis strains that are susceptible and those that are resistant to methicillin at concentrations less than or equal to 0.05 micrograms/ml. listeria monocytogenes and corynebacterium spp. resistant to cephalosporins were inhibited by less than or equal to 1.6 micrograms of coumermycin ml, and streptococcal species, with the exception of streptococcus faecalis, were inhibited by 0.1 micrograms/ml. cross-resistance ...	1984	6331295
the mediators of acquired resistance to listeria monocytogenes are contained within a population of cytotoxic t cells.	t cells from peritoneal exudates induced in rats convalescing from a recent infection of listeria monocytogenes were fractionated into two subsets based on their ability to bind monoclonal antibodies to cell-surface determinants that are expressed on some but not all peripheral t cells. two phenotypically distinct subsets, one recognized by the antibody mrc ox8 and the other by w3/25, were assayed for their protective capacity in listeria-challenged recipients, and for their ability to kill unmo ...	1984	6331897
impaired resistance to listeria monocytogenes in mice chronically exposed to cadmium.	it is shown in this work that resistance to listeria monocytogenes is greatly impaired in c57bl/6 mice chronically exposed to cadmium (cd) chloride. animals received 0.5 mg/kg cd by an intraperitoneal route three times a week during a 4-week period and were then infected with l. monocytogenes. susceptibility to this pathogenic bacteria was not due to a defect of the specific immune response, since mice developed normal levels of anti-listeria t cell-mediated immunity and did not show any impairm ...	1984	6332063
modulation of macrophage ia-expression by lipopolysaccharide. i. induction of ia expression in vivo.	experiments were performed to analyze the modulation of macrophage ia expression and biosynthesis by salmonella minnesota-derived lipopolysaccharide (lps) in vivo. the i.p. injection of lps into lps-responder mice caused a dramatic increase in the ia expression of the peritoneal macrophage population harvested 1 wk after injection. as little as 1 ng of lipid-rich re595 lps per mouse caused a significant i-ak increase, and 1 microgram was optimal; wild-type s. minnesota lps was less active. no i- ...	1984	6332135
comparative in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of fr 17027, a new orally active cephalosporin.	fr 17027, a new orally absorbed cephalosporin ester, inhibited group a and b streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae at less than or equal to 0.1 micrograms/ml, which is similar to the inhibition concentration of amoxicillin and cefaclor, and was more active than cephalexin. it was less active (mic, 25 micrograms/ml) against staphylococci than was cephalexin, and it did not inhibit streptococcus faecalis or listeria monocytogenes. fr 17027 inhibited beta-lactamase-producing isolates of neisser ...	1984	6333207
[effect of psk on the recovery of macrophage function and t cell-mediated immunity in tumor-bearing mice].	the effect of psk on the depressed bactericidal activity of macrophages and delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) to listeria monocytogenes in balb/c mice bearing transplantable meth a fibrosarcoma was studied. in tumor-bearing mice pretreated with psk, l. monocytogenes was cleared rapidly from the circulating blood and bacterial growth in the liver was inhibited effectively in the early phase of infection. this resistance to the infection could be transferred with peritoneal exudate cells (pec) b ...	1984	6333849
depression of macrophage functions and t-cell-mediated immunity to listeria infection in tumor-bearing mice and its prevention by psk.	the effect of psk on the depressed bactericidal activity of macrophages and delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) to listeria monocytogenes in balb/c mice bearing transplantable meth a fibrosarcoma was studied. in tumor-bearing mice pretreated with psk, l. monocytogenes was cleared rapidly from the circulating blood and bacterial growth in the liver was inhibited effectively in the early phase of infection. this resistance to the infection could be transferred with adherent peritoneal exudate cell ...	1984	6334552
ribonuclease-sensitive ribosomal vaccines.	this paper presents an analysis of the protective properties of the components in ribonuclease (rnase)-sensitive ribosomal vaccines, in particular the ribonucleic acid (rna). the protective activities in mice of purified ribosomes derived from pseudomonas aeruginosa and from listeria monocytogenes were compared. both ribosomal vaccines had to be combined with the adjuvant dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (dda) in order to be protective, and both lost their activity after rnase treatment. the ...	1984	6084981
microbicidal activity and morphological characteristics of lung macrophages in mycobacterium bovis bcg cell wall-induced lung granuloma in mice.	morphological and functional changes in lung macrophages from mice injected intravenously with mycobacterium bovis bcg cell walls (cws) were studied. in bcg cw high-responder mice (c57bl/6 [b6] strain), an increase in the size and the acid phosphatase activity of lung macrophages was observed. these lung macrophages showed greater microbicidal activity to m. bovis ravenel and listeria monocytogenes egd, enhanced superoxide anion production index, and greater macrophage migration inhibition activ ...	1984	6086525
relationships between oxidative metabolism, macrophage activation, and antilisterial activity.	previous reports from this laboratory have revealed that macrophages obtained from 7-day listeria-immune mice elicited 15 h before harvest with heat-killed homologous microorganisms were able to kill listeria monocytogenes while resident or elicited cells were not [14, 16]. in the present study, experiments were conducted to determine if phagocytosis-associated oxidative metabolic activity participates in the enhanced destruction of listeria by activated macrophages. investigations into producti ...	1984	6090558
rationale for clinical trials evaluating ceftriaxone in the therapy of bacterial meningitis.	ceftriaxone is a promising antimicrobial agent in the therapy of bacterial meningitis. the rationale for the clinical evaluation of ceftriaxone in patients with meningitis is based on the following favorable characteristics: ceftriaxone has excellent in vitro activity (mbc90 0.25 microgram/ml or less) against the major meningeal pathogens including meningococci, pneumococci, group b streptococci, hemophilus influenzae, and escherichia coli, but it is inactive against listeria monocytogenes; ceft ...	1984	6093518
a comparison of ampicillin-cefotaxime and ampicillin-chloramphenicol in childhood bacterial meningitis: an experience in 55 patients.	ampicillin-cefotaxime was tested as initial therapy of presumptive bacterial meningitis in 55 children greater than or equal to 2 months of age at our hospital. during the first year of this ongoing trial, 11 patients, 10 whose csf yielded ampicillin-resistant haemophilus influenzae type b (mic greater than 16 mg/l, beta-lactamase +) and one, indole-negative proteus (mic 4 mg/l), were begun on ampicillin-cefotaxime and then continued on cefotaxime alone. all did well clinically except one who co ...	1984	6094437
differences in the response of inbred mouse strains to the factor increasing monocytopoiesis.	previous studies have shown that monocyte production during an inflammatory response is controlled by the factor increasing monocytopoiesis (fim), secreted by macrophages at the site of inflammation. the inflammatory reaction to latex particles and a saline-soluble extract of listeria monocytogenes (sel), expressed as the number of monocytes in the circulation and of macrophages at the site of inflammation, was about twice as strong in c57bl/10 mice compared with cba mice. this raised the questi ...	1984	6693834
impaired function of immune reactivity to listeria monocytogenes in diet-fed mice.	mice fed a diet high in cholesterol, lard, and sucrose were shown to exhibit an impairment of specific immunity to listeria monocytogenes. whereas titers of l. monocytogenes in livers of normal mice decreased rapidly after 6 days of infection, l. monocytogenes persisted in livers of diet-fed mice. adoptive transfer experiments indicated that l. monocytogenes-immune spleen cells are generated in diet-fed mice. however, the function of immune spleen cells from donors of either nutritional status w ...	1984	6698604
genetic control of resistance to listeria monocytogenes: regulation of leukocyte inflammatory responses by the hc locus.	the control mechanisms responsible for the innate resistance of c57bl/6j (b) mice and for the innate susceptibility of a/j (a) mice to infection with listeria monocytogenes were studied by typing the recombinant inbred (ri) strains derived from these two progenitors for the trait of listeria resistance/susceptibility. the strain distribution pattern (sdp) of this trait obtained in the 13 axb/bxa ri strains studied suggests that an allelic difference at a major locus (lr-1) is responsible for the ...	1984	6699408
epidemic perinatal listeriosis.	during the 11 months beginning in january, 1980, 22 cases of perinatal listeria monocytogenes infection occurred at three obstetric hospitals in auckland, new zealand. most cases were due to type 1b strains. since the previous epidemic here in 1969, about one perinatal infection has been diagnosed annually in the same area. women presented in preterm (11 of 22 cases) or term labor with signs of amnionitis (11 of 22 cases) and associated fetal distress and/or meconium-stained liquor (14 of 19 cas ...	1984	6701102
listeriosis in beige mice and their heterozygous littermates.	the ability to resist the facultative intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes was not impaired in the beige mutants of c57bl/6j mice which are known to be deficient in a number of immune functions. the intravenous ld50 of listeria in beige (bg/bg) mice and their normal heterozygous (bg +) littermates was approximately 5 x 10(5). growth of listeria in the spleen and liver during primary and secondary infections was similar in the two groups of mice, and each was able to act efficiently in ...	1984	6706378
the adverse effect of pregnancy on macrophage activation.	recently a remarkable decrease in the resistance to infection with listeria monocytogenes and toxoplasma gondii in pregnant mice was demonstrated. since activated macrophages are important in the resistance against these organisms, studies were performed to determine whether pregnancy has an adverse effect on the activation of macrophages and effector functions of these macrophages. peritoneal macrophages from normal pregnant and virgin mice or from pregnant and virgin mice previously injected w ...	1984	6713543
[listeria monocytogenes meningoencephalitis as a possible differential diagnosis of apoplexy].	a 67-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with the diagnosis of vascular stroke. fever and an atypical beginning of the patient being disorientated let us suspect an encephalitis. in the csf grew listeria monocytogenes. treatment with ampicillin intravenously was followed by a sudden relief of the neurological signs. symptoms and treatment are discussed in referring to the literature.	1984	6719999