Publications

faecal bacterial flora in patients with colon cancer and control subjects.	faeces from 10 colon cancer patients and from 10 control subjects were studied by quantitative and qualitative aerobic and anaerobic techniques using a variety of non selective, selective and differential media. in several cases, there were significantly different numbers of organisms of specific types recovered from the two groups studied. most prominent and meaningful findings were the higher frequency of isolation and counts of bacteroides species (especially b. fragilis group) and of c. para ...	1981	7199237
anaerobic bacteria in suppurative infections of the male genitourinary system.	cultures were done to determine the prevalence of anaerobic bacteria in 18 male patients with suppurative infections of the genitourinary tract. the types of infections studied were scrotal abscess, prostatic abscess, scrotal gangrene and perinephric abscess. anaerobic bacteria were recovered in 16 of the 18 specimens examined. these 16 specimens yielded a total of 48 anaerobic strains and 19 aerobic or facultative strains. the dominant organism isolated was bacteroides fragilis, which was found ...	1981	7206087
model of intraabdominal abscess in mice.	intraperitoneal inoculation of sterile mouse feces into mice produced intraabdominal abscesses. the addition of bacteroides fragilis increased the incidence and the number of abscesses.	1981	7216456
animal model for anaerobic lung abscess.	there are no satisfactory animal models for the study of anaerobic lung abscess. aspiration of food, gastric mucin, or hydrochloric acid, or any combination of these, along with oropharyngeal bacteria, is commonly believed to cause aspiration pneumonia and lung abscess. in the animal model described, none of the adjuvants was effective in producing anaerobic lung abscesses. anaerobic bacteria derived from dental scrapings of a healthy adult (peptococcus morbillorum, fusobacterium nucleatum, euba ...	1981	7216463
bacteroides fragilis resistant to clindamycin.		1981	7216941
neuraminidases of bacteroidaceae die neuraminidasen von bacteroidaceen.	neuraminidases can be detected in members of the anaerobic gram-negative non-sporing rods (bacteroidaceae), especially in the genus bacteroides. b. fragilis, the most virulent species, has the highest neuraminidase activity, while the other intestinal species exhibit markedly lower activities or the enzyme is completely absent. members of the bacteroides oralis group, so far investigated, degrade only substrates of lower molecular weight.	1981	7223133
effect of adding cysteine to brain-heart infusion broth on the isolation of bacteroides fragilis from experimental blood cultures.	adding 0.05% cysteine to brain-heart infusion broth greatly improved the recovery of three strains of bacteroides fragilis from simulated blood cultures. no bacteroides were isolated after 24 hours' incubation in brain-heart infusion broth without added cysteine, and this was therefore a poor medium for the isolation of b. fragilis. results with brain-heart infusion broth containing 0.05% cysteine were similar to those obtained with commercially prepared thiol and brewer's thioglycollate media.	1981	7229105
antibiotic choice in the nonoperative management of acute diverticulitis coli.		1981	7235382
cefuroxime and metronidazole in gynaecological surgery.	the predominant potential pathogens in the vaginal flora, sampled before operation in 41 patients undergoing gynaecological surgery, included e. coli, alpha-haemolytic streptococci, streptococcus faecalis, anaerobic gram-positive cocci and bacteroides fragilis. all the aerobic gram-negative bacilli and 89.7 per cent of the streptococci isolated were sensitive to 4 microgram/ml of cefuroxime. most of the anaerobes were also very sensitive to cefuroxime, although the minimum inhibitory concentrati ...	1981	7236556
anaerobic paronychia.	during 1 year 116 patients with paronychia had bacteriological cultures of the pus. aerobic bacteria, predominantly staphylococcus aureus were isolated from 81. anaerobic bacteria were isolated from 35, and in 31 of these aerobes were also present. anaerobic paronychias were less acute that those caused by aerobes but otherwise the clinical features and management were the same. the anaerobes isolated were those found as oro-pharyngeal commensals and did not include the colonic commensal bactero ...	1981	7237072
bacteria and gallstones. etiological significance.	two hundred consecutive gallstone cases have been subjected to bacteriological study employing improved anaerobic culture techniques. in addition to clostridia species, species of anaerobes such as bacteroides fragilis, peptococcus, veillonella, and eubacterium are found to be present, some of which possessed beta-glucuronidase activity. this finding has a certain bearing on the etiology of bile pigment calcium stones. in addition to escherichia coli, bacteroides and clostridium often found in t ...	1981	7238247
igg antibodies against anaerobic bacteria in blood donor sera.	fifty-six blood donor sera were examined by indirect immunofluorescence for igg antibodies to a selection of anaerobic bacterial strains, often isolated from wound cultures. another 25 sera were examined by igg antibodies to six nctc bacteroides strains. a wide range of igg antibody titres were found against fusobacterium, clostridium, and anaerobic streptococcal species. very low titres were found against the bacteroides strains. it is suggested that the testing of a single serum specimen for i ...	1981	7240431
antimicrobial activity and synergism of cefuroxime on anaerobic bacteria.	in vitro efficacy of cefuroxime was tested against 333 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria, including 80 strains of bacteroides fragilis. its activity was compared with that of cefamandole and cefoxitin. in addition, the antimicrobial synergism of cefuroxime was tested in combination with either penicillin or carbenicillin against b. fragilis. at 16 microgram/ml, cefuroxime inhibited 70% of all anaerobic bacteria, but it was ineffective against 64% of b. fragilis strains tested. cefuroxime i ...	1981	7249787
clindamycin phosphate in the treatment of endometritis due to anaerobic bacteria.	treatment of endometritis due to anaerobic pathogens demands early isolation and identification of the offending pathogen by the appropriate culture and optimum use of antibiotics according to the sensitivity test. clindamycin phosphate has been used as a highly active antibiotic against both gram-positive and gram-negative anaerobic pathogens, including bacteroides fragilis. the concentration of clindamycin phosphate in blood from the uterus was tested in 30 women after administration of one si ...	1981	7251234
penetration of clindamycin into experimental infections with bacteroides fragilis.		1981	7251540
complicated diverticulitis: treatment with cefoxitin sodium.		1981	7252306
in-vitro activity of erythromycin against anaerobic microorganisms.	minimum inhibitory concentrations of erythromycin were determined, in the absence of co2, for 256 strains of anaerobic microorganisms recently isolated from clinical practice. of 126 strains of bacteroides fragilis, 93% were inhibited by 6 mg/l, or less, of erythromycin. of the remaining 130 isolates, 92% were inhibited by 6 mg/l, or less, of erythromycin. these findings suggest that the majority of anaerobic microorganisms would be inhibited by the serum levels achieved by administering 1 g of ...	1981	7254109
[nosocomial infections--a consequence of modern therapeutic and diagnostic methods (author's transl)].	nosocomial infections are an increasingly observed complication of modern therapeutic and diagnostic procedures. they may arise exogenously, i.e. during nursing or medical care (contaminated instruments, catheters, inhalers, infusions) or endogenously by the patient's own bacterial flora. characteristic of exogenous nosocomial infections are enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas strains; they are of low virulence, are generally highly resistant to antibiotics and able to survive for long periods ev ...	1981	7258571
effect of oxygen radicals and peroxide on survival after ultraviolet irradiation and liquid holding recovery of bacteroides fragilis.	the survival of bacteroides fragilis cells after far-ultraviolet irradiation under anaerobic and aerobic conditions and the liquid holding recovery under aerobic conditions were not affected by peroxide or quenchers of toxic oxygen derivatives.	1981	7263618
an intracellular structure in bacteroides fragilis.	an unusual intracellular circular or oval structure was discovered during a morphological study of bacteroides fragilis by electronmicroscopy. the structure is complex, composed of multiple concentric layers surrounding a central region. the dimensions and profile are consistent in all the sections observed. the sections illustrated may represent various stages in the morphogenesis of the complete structure.	1981	7265168
the activity of nitro-compounds against bacteroides fragilis is related to their electron affinity.		1981	7275885
anaerobes in mixed infections.		1981	7276633
perforated appendix and antibiotics.	60 consecutive children operated for perforated appendicitis were treated randomly with either penicillin and streptomycin or with clindamycin and gentamycin. suppurative complications occurred somewhat more often and were definitely more severe in the former group. the number of hospital days spent in the treatment of these complications were three times as great in the former than in the latter group. bacteroides fragilis could be isolated in most of the severe infections treated without clind ...	1981	7282067
absence of tolerance to cefoxitin in anaerobic bacteria.	none of the 46 strains of anaerobic bacteria tested, including 26 strains of bacteroides fragilis, showed tolerance (minimal bactericidal concentration/minimum inhibitory concentration ratio >32) to cefoxitin.	1981	7283412
bacteroides fragilis septicemia during cefamandole therapy.		1981	7284925
antibiotic prophylaxis with cefoxitin in colorectal surgery: effect on the colon microflora and septic complications--a clinical model for prediction of the benefit and risks in using a new antibiotic in prophylaxis.	cefoxitin was administered parenterally in doses of 2 g, every six hours for two days, to 20 patients undergoing colorectal surgery. blood and fecal specimens were obtained for five days for analysis of cefoxitin concentrations. tissue samples from the gut wall were obtained at surgery. the maximum serum concentrations during surgery varied between 25 and 100 microgram/ml, and the cefoxitin concentrations for the fecal samples were 1.5-35 microgram/g and for the tissue samples, 2.0-50 microgram/ ...	1981	7011219
effect of bacteroides fragilis on the peritoneal clearance of escherichia coli in mice.	a report that bacteroides fragilis inhibited the killing of facultative anaerobes by human leukocytes in vitro prompted us to look for such inhibition in the peritoneal cavities of mice. no evidence that this phenomenon was operative could be found.	1981	7012034
preventing anaerobic infection in surgery of the colon.	a randomized prospective study of antibiotic prophylaxis was carried out in patients who underwent elective surgery of the colon. the wound infection rate in 70 patients who received cephradine intravenously in the perioperative period (group 1) was 25%, compared with 8% in 60 patients who received metronidazole and erythromycin base orally before operation (group 2). both bacteroides fragilis and escherichia coli were cultured from the majority of wound infections in group 1, but b. fragilis wa ...	1981	7013957
bacteremia due to bacteroides fragilis after elective appendectomy in renal transplant recipients.	bacteremia caused by bacteroides fragilis occurred in four of 75 children after renal transplantation, and b. fragilis was the most common cause of postoperative bacteremia. bacteroides bacteremia was significantly associated with performance of elective appendectomy at the time of transplantation (p less than 0.01) and with profound lymphocytopenia (p = 0.01). no patient received antibiotics at the time of surgery or prior to the first positive blood culture, yet b. fragilis was the single orga ...	1981	7017018
premature labor. ii. bacterial sources of phospholipase.	human term labor is thought to be initiated by amniotic and chorionic phospholipase a2, an enzyme that liberates arachidonic acid esters from the phospholipids of these membranes, leading to the synthesis of prostaglandins by the placental membranes. the striking association of premature labor with intrauterine infection or contamination, urinary tract infection, and early neonatal sepsis led us to study the microorganisms present in these infections for phospholipase a2 activity. activity was f ...	1981	7017516
antibacterial activity of ro 13-9904 and preliminary experience in gonorrhoea and chronic urinary tract infections.	ro 13-9904, a new broad-spectrum, beta-lactamase-resistant, cephalosporin, was given as a single i.m. injection at doses of 500, 250, and 125 mg in 3 groups of male patients each consisting of 10, 6, and 6 patients respectively, suffering from uncomplicated acute but recurrent gonococcal urethritis. all patients were cured both clinically and bacteriologically without relapsing after a 7-day follow-up. 11 patients suffering from chronic urinary tract infections without flow obstruction but with ...	1981	7018852
colonic bacteria: a source of gamma-aminobutyric acid in blood.		1981	7019921
[anaerobic bacteria in clinical specimens of a hospital laboratory (author's transl)].	over a 14-month period 261 clinical specimens were cultured anaerobically, this figure representing about 3% of the total specimens submitted to the microbiological laboratory. not accepted for anaerobic culture were stools, sputa, urines, vaginal and urethral swabs and swabs from superficial skin lesions. all materials were sent to the laboratory in an anaerobic transport medium and processed according to the recommendations of the american society for microbiology and the center for disease co ...	1981	7020261
evaluation of a direct fluorescent antibody staining method for rapid identification of members of the bacteroides fragilis group.	a direct fluorescent antibody test kit (fluorotec-f, pfizer inc., new york, new york) designed for rapid identification of members of the bacteroides fragilis group (bfg) was evaluated. tested were 228 clinical specimens (144 direct smears of clinical material, 14 smears of positive blood cultures, and 70 smears of colonies isolated from clinical material) and 49 reference strains of anaerobic bacteria, including 23 members of the bfg. fluorotec-f detected 68 of 69 (98.5%) members of the bfg, in ...	1981	7020409
the treatment of the carrier state of group a beta-hemolytic streptococci with clindamycin.	20 children who were chronic carriers of group a beta-hemolytic streptococci (gabhs) were treated with oral clindamycin. surface tonsillar cultures were obtained prior to therapy and 2 weeks after termination of therapy. they were processed for aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. mixed aerobic and anaerobic flora were obtained from all cultures. prior to therapy, the average yield was 9 isolates (5 aerobes and 4.1 anaerobes) per specimen; after completion of therapy, the average yield was 5.7 ...	1981	7021079
rapid serotyping of bacteria of the 'bacteroides fragilis' group by direct immunofluorescence, serotype specific conjugates.		1981	7024234
activity of metronidazole on bacteroides fragilis and/or escherichia coli in vitro and in vivo.		1981	7024242
[the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect of amniotic fluid (author's transl)].	the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect of 100 samples of amniotic fluid (la) was studied against 5 bacterial species that are responsible for neonatal infections. these results show that there is a bacteriostatic activity in liquor. 52 specimens of liquor amnii (52%) were shown to be active against at least one of the 5 bacterial specimens studied. 32 samples of liquor (32%) were active against listeria monocytogenes, 21 (21%) against flavobacterium meningosepticum, 18 (18%) against escheric ...	1981	7024394
therapeutic efficacy of 29 antimicrobial regimens in experimental intraabdominal sepsis.	an animal model of colonic perforation was used to examine the efficacy of 29 antimicrobial regimens in the treatment of intraabdominal sepsis. efficacy was judged on mortality during the first 12 days after challenge and on the incidence of intraabdominal abscess noted at necropsy upon completion of the experiment. in general, antimicrobial agents that are active against coliform bacteria prevented early mortality, whereas drugs that are active against bacteroides fragilis were most effective i ...	1981	7025151
effects of live escherichia coli and bacteroides fragilis on metabolism and hepatic po2.	rats were infused intraaterially with 10(9) live e coli, or 10(10) live b fragilis, or 0.9% nacl solution. within 6 hr or sooner e coli-treated rats extensive hepatic hypoxia (mean hepatic po2 less than 5 mm hg), hypoglycemia, lactacidemia, and microscopic evidence of sinusoidal damage and hepatocyte hypoxia. mortality was 100% within 24 hr. rats which received b fragilis showed significantly less hepatic hypoxia (mean hepatic po2 13.8 mm hg) and lactacidemia and were euglycemic at 6 hr. hepatic ...	1981	7026081
[synergistic effect of thiamphenicol and cephalothin on bacterioides fragilis (author's transl)].	synergistic effect of thiamphenicol (tp) and cephalothin (cet) on bacteroides fragilis was proved in vitro. especially its effect was much clear on b. fragilis which is possible to produce beta-lactamase. synergistic bactericidal effect of tp and cet was proved. chemotherapeutic effect of tp and cet against experimental mixed infectious mouse due to e. coli (beta-lactamase -) and b. fragilis (beta-lactamase +) was proved.	1981	7026821
[restudies on antibacterial activity of sulbenicillin against anaerobic bacteria (author's transl)].		1981	7026824
rapid identification and serotyping of 'bacteroides fragilis' in clinical material by direct immunofluorescence.		1981	7028710
vaginitis associated with vaginal malodour.	in two general practices in perth, western australia, the most common microbiological causes of vaginal discomfort in 368 patients were candida albicans. gardnerella (haemophilus) vaginalis, trichomonas vaginalis and bacteroides fragilis. amongst patients with abnormal vaginal odour, with or without vaginitis, the most common cause of odour was g. vaginalis. the writers advocate that heavy growths of group b streptococci, escherichia coli, and enterococci should be considered to be the possible ...	1981	7029228
amniotic fluid activity against bacteroides fragilis and group b streptococci.	the antimicrobial capacity of amniotic fluid (af) against b. fragilis, group b streptococci and escherichia coli, the latter as a reference indicator, was investigated in samples from 30 patients. in order to study trimester as well as individual variations in the antibacterial activity, 10 individual samples from each trimester of pregnancy (af1, af2, af3), were separately tested. with b. fragilis all trimester samples showed initial inhibition lasting for 8 h, the bacteria then regaining growt ...	1981	7029235
septicemia as a complication of liver biopsy.	although bacteremia is a common accompaniment of needle liver biopsy, septicemia is an extremely rare complication and normally occurs within the first eight hours after the procedure. a case of late onset septicemia, caused by e. coli and b. fragilis, secondary to bowel perforation during liver biopsy, is presented with a brief review of the recent literature.	1981	7030060
transferable plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance in bacteroides.	plasmid-mediated resistance to chloramphenicol (chlr), erythromycin (eryr), tetracycline (tetr) and clindamycin (clindr) was transferred from three clinical isolates of bacteroides fragilis and one faecal isolate of b. thetaiotaomicron to strains of b. fragilis, b. distasonis and escherichia coli, and subsequently to b. fragilis and e. coli second-and third-stage recipients in series. successful transfer was achieved by membrane-filter and centrifugation techniques that provide stable cell-to-ce ...	1981	7031249
the effect of topical povidone-iodine on the incidence of infection in surgical wounds.	a randomized stratified clinical trial of topical povidone-iodine in 627 patients undergoing abdominal procedures demonstrated a reduction in postoperative wound sepsis in female patients, in patients receiving subcutaneous low dose heparin and during the first quarter of the trial when the infection rate in control subjects was high. overall, there was no significant reduction in wound sepsis after administration of povidone-iodine due mainly to a high infection rate in povidone-iodine treated ...	1981	7008894
[anerobic infections in otolaryngology (author's transl)].	studies have shown, that the normal flora of the upper airway harbors many different anaerobic bacteria. they play an important role in many chronic diseases such as chronic sinusitis, chronic secretory otitis and chronic tonsillitis. on the other hand they may cause acute situations such as pharyngeal abscess, ludwig's angina, vincent's angina or space infections in the neck. the bacteria most frequently reported from infected sites are bacteroides sp., anaerobic cocci and fuso-bacteria. bacter ...	1981	7047954
scanning electron microscopic examination of bacteroides fragilis and gardnerella vaginalis after exposure to concentration gradients of metronidazole and tinidazole.	agar diffusion tests with metronidazole and tinidazole were performed with one strain each of bacteroides fragilis and gardnerella vaginalis (haemophilus vaginalis, corynebacterium vaginalis). their cell morphology was studied 'in situ' on agar surfaces by means of scanning electron microscopy (sem). a sharp growth end-point was found for b. fragilis, whereas with g. vaginalis there was a gradual decrease in the number and size of the colonies close to the agar well. the sem study also revealed ...	1981	6972572
antibacterial activity of ceftriaxone (ro 13-9904), a beta-lactamase-stable cephalosporin.	the in vitro activity of ceftriaxone (ro 13-9904), a parenteral cephalosporin, was compared with that of other beta-lactam antibiotics. the compound was less active against staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis than was cephalothin or cefamandole, but it was comparable to cefoxitin, cefotaxime, and moxalactam in inhibiting most isolates of s. aureus at 3.1 microgram/ml. ro 13-9904 inhibited streptococcus pyogenes and streptococcus pneumoniae at concentrations below 0.25 microgram/ ...	1981	6972729
brl 17421, a novel beta-lactam antibiotic, highly resistant to beta-lactamases, giving high and prolonged serum levels in humans.	brl 17421 is a new semisynthetic beta-lactam antibiotic with an unusual spectrum of antibacterial activity. the compound exhibits exceptional stability to a wide range of bacterial beta-lactamases and is active against the majority of enterobacteriaceae, including strains highly resistant to many of the penicillins and cephalosporins currently available. among the clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae tested, the frequency of strains resistant to brl 17421 was found to be low, and there was a ...	1981	6974539
plasmid analyses in clinical isolates of bacteroides fragilis and other bacteroides species.	plasmid analyses were performed on bacteroides strains isolated from clinical specimens. of 32 bacteroides strains, 8 were found to contain plasmids. seven of these eight strains were b. fragilis, and the other one was b. distasonis. three of these eight strains harbored only a 3.0-megadalton plasmid. two strains had only a 2.0-megadalton plasmid, and one had 2.0-, 3.0-megadalton plasmid. of the remaining two strains, one had 2.0-, 3.0-, and 5.0-megadalton plasmids, and the other had 3.0- and 5. ...	1981	6974737
cefonicid: a stable beta-lactamase inhibitor.	the stability of cefonicid (sk&f 75073) towards representatives of six major classes of beta-lactamases was determined using a spectrophotometric assay. cefonicid was stable to hydrolysis by the type i enzyme from enterobacter cloacae and by the enzyme from the anaerobe, bacteroides fragilis. it was 6 to 7 times more stable than cefamandole to the type iiia and b enzymes from escherichia coli, a little less stable than this antibiotic to the type v enzyme from e. coli, and of equal stability to ...	1981	6975269
c-19393 s2 and h2, new carbapenem antibiotics. iv. inhibitory activity against beta-lactamases.	new carbapenem antibiotics, c-19393 s2 and h2, have been found to be potent and broad-spectrum inhibitors of beta-lactamases. among 11 types of beta-lactamases tested, those from escherichia coli (plasmid-bearing), klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus vulgaris, serratia marcescens and bacteroides fragilis were especially sensitive. they also inhibited cephalosporinases insensitive to clavulanic acid. the inhibition by c-19393 s2 and h2 was of progressive type, except for the inhibition of e. coli enzy ...	1981	6975270
the need for and choice of chemotherapy for anaerobic infections.	the clostridia remain a frequent cause of anerobic infections and they also remain fully sensitive to benzylpenicillin, which continues to be the antibiotic of choice in their treatment. penicillin is also the first choice for the treatment of dental and pulmonary infections due to anaerobic bacteria. however, currently the anerobic pathogen most frequently encountered in infections related to the gastro-intestinal and genital tracts is bacteroides fragilis, an organism which produces beta-lacta ...	1981	6941452
action of clinically utilized 5-nitroimidazoles on microorganisms.	various nitroimidazoles are used as antimicrobial and radiosensitizing agents in human medicine. of these, 5-nitroimidazoles show high selective toxicity for anaerobic prokaryotes and eukaryotes. this review discusses the effects of 5-nitroimidazoles on microorganisms, i.e. microbicidal action, radiosensitizing action, inhibition of photosynthetic microorganisms, and induction of mutations. all these actions are enhanced by anaerobiosis and inhibited by aerobiosis or by the presence of certain r ...	1981	6941454
in vitro susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to nitroimidazoles.	the in vitro susceptibility of 355 swedish clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria to three nitroimidazole drugs was determined by the agar dilution method. the drugs were metronidazole, tinidazole and ornidazole. in addition the in vitro susceptibility of 32 strains of clostridium difficile to metronidazole was determined. gram-negative rods and clostridia were inhibited by 4 microgram/ml or less of all three compounds except one strain of c. difficile, which was not inhibited by 16 microgram/m ...	1981	6941455
nitroimidazoles: in vitro activity and efficacy in anaerobic infections.	nitroimidazoles, including metronidazole, tinidazole and ornidazole, are low molecular weight antimicrobial compounds with excellent activity against anaerobic microorganisms. these compounds are usually bactericidal at low concentrations and their spectrum of activity encompasses almost all the anaerobic bacteria and some capnophylic organisms. the few anaerobic bacteria known to be resistant to the nitroimidazoles include occasional anaerobic cocci, some nonsporing gram positive bacilli and pr ...	1981	6941456
antimicrobial effect of root canal cements on an obligate anaerobic organism.		1981	6942082
metronidazole: in vitro activity, pharmacology and efficacy in anaerobic bacterial infections.	metronidazole is a 5-nitroimidazole that has selective activity against anaerobic microorganisms, including bacteria and protozoa. intravenous metronidazole has recently been approved by the u.s. food and drug administration for the treatment of serious anaerobic bacterial infections. it is usually bactericidal at low concentrations, and its spectrum of activity encompasses almost all anaerobic bacteria and some capnophilic organisms. anaerobic bacteria known to be resistant to metronidazole inc ...	1981	6927601
effect of carbon dioxide and ph on susceptibility of bacteroides fragilis group to erythromycin.	we examined the effects of ph and incubation in a co(2)-containing atmosphere on the activity of erythromycin against 81 strains of the bacteroides fragilis group. a striking reduction in erythromycin activity was noted when the ph decreased below 7.0 and when the organisms were incubated with co(2).	1981	6812492
investigation into the microbial flora of healing and non-healing decubitus ulcers.	seventy-four pressure lesions in fifty-three geriatric patients were observed at weekly intervals to determine the bacterial flora and the healing index of each lesion, expressed as initial area of lesion (cm2) - final area of lesion (cm2) divided by time in days. the micro-organisms which caused infection included staphylococcus aureus, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacteroides fragilis and bacteroides asaccharolyticus. many lesions contained a mixed flora. p mirabilis and ps aerug ...	1981	6790579
topical therapeutics for otitis media.	in chronic draining ear associated with a tympanic membrane perforation, cholesteatoma, or both, the infection is that of bacterial contamination. both aerobic and anaerobic organisms are found, notably pseudomonas, staphylococcus, and enteric organisms, particularly bacteroides. the disease exists because of a structural defect in the middle ear cleft, which requires surgery as definitive treatment. medical therapy is valuable as a temporary measure in preoperative preparation, and in preventio ...	1981	6791095
antimicrobial therapy for chronic suppurative otitis media.	in chronic draining ear associated with a tympanic membrane perforation and/or cholesteatoma, the infection is that of bacterial contamination. both aerobic and anaerobic organisms are found, notably pseudomonas, staphylococcus, and enteric organisms, particularly bacteroides. the disease exists because of a structural defect in the middle ear cleft, which requires surgery as definitive treatment. medical therapy is valuable as a temporary measure, in preoperative preparation, and in prevention ...	1981	6791565
activation of the alternative complement pathway by blood culture isolates of bacteroides fragilis.	blood culture isolates of bacteroides caused depletion of alternative complement pathway hemolytic activity, but no fall in c4 titers, when incubated in vitro with normal serum or serum containing 0.002 m mgcl(2) and 0.008 m ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-n,n-tetraacetic acid.	1981	6795126
effect of carbon dioxide on in vitro susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to erythromycin.	the activity of erythromycin against 317 strains of anaerobic bacteria, including 133 strains of the bacteroides fragilis group, was tested by the agar dilution method in an anaerobic atmosphere with two different concentrations of carbon dioxide and without co2. the effect of the atmosphere of incubation on the agar surface ph was also determined. all strains grew well in the gaspak (gp) environment. however, 3.5 and 30.3% of strains failed to grow in the 2 and 0% co2 environments, respectively ...	1981	6798927
alpha-isopropylmalate synthase as a marker for the leucine biosynthetic pathway in several clostridia and in bacteroides fragilis.	alpha-isopropylmalate synthase (ec 4.1.3.12) is present in extracts of bacteroides fragilis, clostridium thermoaceticum, clostridium formicoaceticum, clostridium pasteurianum, and clostridium kluyveri with specific activities (micromol alpha-isopropylmalate formed per min and g protein) of 8.6, 8.9, 2.4, 1.9, and 0.3, respectively. the product alpha-isopropylmalate was identified by gas chromatography combined with mass spectroscopy. the presence of 5mm leucine in the growth medium represses the ...	1981	6798949
in-vitro activity of monobactam, sq 26,776, against gram-negative bacteria.		1981	6799482
serological activity of 'bacteroides fragilis' culture supernatants.		1981	6800997
serological activity of 'bacteroides fragilis' endotoxins--strains isolated in poland.		1981	6800998
macrolide, lincosamide, streptogramin and tetracycline transferable resistance in the bacteroides fragilis group.		1981	6802794
antibiotic levels in infected and sterile subcutaneous abscesses in mice.	the pharmacokinetic properties of 10 antimicrobial agents were examined in sterile and infected encapsulated subcutaneous abscesses in mice. the inoculum for sterile abscesses was autoclaved cecal contents; that for infected abscesses was autoclaved cecal contents combined with bacteroides fragilis. the antimicrobial agents examined were rosaramicin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, metronidazole, and six beta-lactam antibiotics. all antimicrobial agents entered abscesses, produced peak levels of b ...	1981	6453169
cefoperazone and cefotiam--two new cephalosporins: an in-vitro comparison.	the in vitro activity of cefoperazone (cpz) and cefotiam (ctm) was compared to other available cephalosporins. using an agar dilution procedure both ctm and cpz were more active against the enterobacteriaceae tested than cefoxitin, cefuroxime and cefazolin; ctm being slightly more active than cpz, in particular against klebsiella spp haemophilus influenzae were more susceptible to cpz. ctm had no activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa but cpz exhibited considerable activity (mode mic 4 mg/l). a ...	1981	6454675
[moxalactam - a beta-lactam antibiotic in the monotherapy of severe infections in surgery. clinico-bacteriological study of 35 patients].	moxalactam, a new beta-lactam antibiotic, was given to 35 patients at the department of surgery, cantonal hospital, st. gall. the trial period started in april 1980 and ended in october. moxalactam was not combined with any other antibiotic. the clinical course was observed closely and extensive bacteriological, mycological, and pharmacokinetic studies were carried out to evaluate the new antibiotic. most of the patients had an intra-abdominal infectious disease and primary treatment was surgery ...	1981	6456543
worldwide clinical experience with cefoperazone.	the safety and clinical efficacy of cefoperazone 1 to 2g 12-hourly was evaluated in clinical trials conducted in the united states, europe, south and latin america, and japan. 1046 patients were treated in 4 comparative and 9 non-comparative studies. an overall satisfactory clinical response for cefoperazone therapy was achieved in 540 (88%) of the 615 evaluable patients. cefoperazone was effective in 92% of lower respiratory tract infections, 81% of urinary tract infections, 98% of gynaecologic ...	1981	6456884
the effect of beta-lactam antibiotics on the growth curves of bacteroides fragilis, obtained with the ms-2 system.		1981	6457023
moxalactam therapy for bacterial infections.	moxalactam, a novel beta-lactam antimicrobial agent in which oxygen has replaced sulfur in the six-membered ring of the conventional cephem nucleus, has in vitro activity against almost all commonly isolated bacterial pathogens including staphylococcus aureus, the enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacteroides fragilis, and haemophilus influenzae. the clinical efficacy an toxicity of moxalactam alone was evaluated in the treatment of 100 infections, including 22 septicemias. thirty-two ...	1981	6458253
in vitro activity, efficacy, and pharmacology of moxalactam, a new beta-lactam antibiotic.	moxalactam, a potent new beta-lactam antibiotic with a relatively wide spectrum of activity against facultative and anaerobic gram-negative bacilli, was evaluated in vitro and in 28 patients with a variety of severe infections with moxalactam-susceptible organisms (minimum inhibitory concentration less than or equal to 31 microgram/ml). although therapy was successful in most of these patients, caution is suggested because of the development of resistance on therapy in one patient, persistence o ...	1981	6459763
factors affecting the in vitro activity of cefoperazone against the bacteroides fragilis group.	the in vitro activity of cefoperazone against 32 strains of bacteria of the bacteroides fragilis group was determined on four media by using a variety of test parameters. lower mean minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) were obtained on mueller-hinton blood agar and supplemented brain heart infusion agar than were obtained on brucella laked blood agar or wilkins-chalgren agar. higher mics were obtained with 6-h inocula than with 24-h inocula, and slightly higher mics were obtained with tests ...	1981	6459765
resistance to chloramphenicol and metronidazole in anaerobic bacteria.		1981	6279556
pediatric surgical patients with severe anaerobic infection: report of 16 t-antigen positive cases and possible hazards of blood transfusion.	red blood cells become polyagglutinable when the normally latent t-antigens of the red blood cell membrane are exposed. unmasking of t-antigens results from removal of n-acetyl-neuraminic acid by neuraminidase, an enzyme commonly produced by a variety of bacteria. red blood cells altered in this way are said to be t-activated. t-activated red blood cells can be agglutinated by anti-t, an antibody normally present in human serum, so that severe transfusion reactions may occur and have occurred, i ...	1981	6279816
in vitro activity of mk0787 (n-formimidoyl thienamycin) and other beta-lactam compounds against bacteroides spp.	the susceptibilities of 82 strains of the bacteroides fragilis group to eight beta-lactam compounds, lincomycin, and metronidazole were determined by using an agar dilution technique. mk0787 (n-formimidoyl thienamycin) was the most active compound, inhibiting all strains at a concentration of 1 microgram/ml. metronidazole was the only other drug of similar activity. of the beta-lactam compounds, cefoxitin and mk0787 showed uniform activity against all species, whereas most other compounds were r ...	1981	6282191
physical characterization of bacteroides fragilis r plasmid pbf4.	bacteroides fragilis v479-1 has previously been shown to harbor a self-transmissible 27 x 10(6)-dalton plasmid (pbf4) which confers lincosamide-macrolide resistance. the present study has focused on the physical properties of pbf4. the plasmid was found to be present in 1 to 2 copies per chromosomal equivalent. pbf4 was genetically stable, although spontaneously occurring plasmidless segregants could be detected at low frequency (approximately 1%). this frequency was unaffected by growth of cell ...	1981	6257654
[in vitro activity of cefotaxime on anaerobes (author's transl)].	the comparative activity of cefotaxime, cefazolin, cefamandole and cefoxitin was studied on 80 strains of anaerobic bacterial species: 14 clostridia, 60 bacteroides fragilis, 6 peptococcus. the new cephalosporins showed an increase in the in vitro activity against bacteroides fragilis, but their efficacy was still inferior to that of the 5-nitro-imidazole derivatives.	1981	6259592
[combined cefotaxime-amikacin treatment of infectious episodes in acute leukaemia patients with therapeutically-induced bone marrow aplasia (author's transl)].	in view of the clinical results obtained in severe septicaemia due to gram-negative organisms, cefotaxime and amikacin combination was used in leukaemic patients with chemotherapeutic aplasia. 30 infectious episodes were treated in 22 cases of acute myeloid leukaemia, one case of acute flare-up in chronic leukaemia and 7 cases of acute lymphoid leukaemia. cefotaxime was administered at daily doses of 100 mg/kg to the first 4 patients and of 60 mg/kg to the remaining 26 patients by infusion every ...	1981	6259613
in vitro comparison of three new cephalosporins: ly-127935, cefotaxime and cefoperazone.	the comparative in vitro activity of three new cephalosporin antibiotics ly-127935 (ly), cefotaxime (ctx) and cefoperazone (cfp) was examined. ly, ctx and cfp had similar activity against staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and proteus mirabilis while cfp was less inhibitory than ly or ctx against klebsiella spp.; indole + proteus and gentamicin (gm)-susceptible serratia. ly and ctx were effective while cfp was inactive against enterobacter spp. and gm-resistant serratia. cfp was more active ...	1981	6260435
stability in escherichia coli of an antibiotic resistance plasmid from bacteroides fragilis.	a bacteroides fragilis strain resistant to penicillin g, tetracycline, and clindamycin was screened for the presence of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (dna). agarose gel electrophoresis of ethanol-precipitated dna from cleared lysates of this strain revealed two plasmid dna bands. the molecular weights of the plasmids were estimated by their relative mobility in agarose gel and compared with standard plasmids with known molecular weights. the molecular weights were 3.40 +/- 0.20 x 10(6) and 1.95 ...	1981	6260738
head-space gas chromatography as a tool in the identification of anaerobic bacteria and diagnosis of anaerobic infections.	the identification of anaerobic bacteria to the species level can be a laborious and time consuming procedure. gas chromatography offers a diagnostic aid, and the advantages of the recently introduced head-space gas chromatography technique are: it is rapid, accurate and easy to perform; it provides more information of differential diagnostic value; and the identification process can be automated by connecting the head-space gas chromatograph to an automatic injection unit and a computer which i ...	1981	6264591
susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to nine antimicrobial agents and demonstration of decreased susceptibility of clostridium perfringens to penicillin.	the activity of moxalactam, cefoxitin, cephalothin, cefamandole, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, metronidazole, and ticarcillin was determined against 344 isolates of anaerobic bacteria. the activity of penicillin g was determined as well for 234 isolates not of the bacteroides fragilis group. moxalactam was more active than cephalothin and cefamandole and slightly less active than cefoxitin. metronidazole was the most active antimicrobial agent against the b. fragilis group, whereas chloramphenic ...	1981	6264842
comparative in vitro studies of ro 13-9904, a new cephalosporin derivative.	the in vitro activity of ro 13-9904, a new cephalosporin derivative, was compared with the activities of cephalothin, cefamandole, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, and moxalactam against 591 clinical isolates of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. the spectra of activity and potency of ro 13-9904 and cefotaxime were quite similar; they were the most active agents against enterobacteriaceae, streptococcus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and neisseria meningitidis. moxalactam ...	1981	6264845
deconjugation of bile salts by bacteroids and clostridium.	deconjugation of bile salts by four strains of bacteroides and four strains of clostridium was studied by use of resting cells and cell-free culture supernatants. bacteroids strains yielded active cells but showed relatively low bile salt hydrolase (bsh) activity in the culture supernatants while the reverse was the case for the spore-forming clostridial strains. bsh was formed constitutively and was oxygen insensitive. the optimum ph was between 4.5 and 5.0. marked substrate specificity was fou ...	1981	6265737
transposon-like structures in the bacteroides fragilis mls plasmid plp 410.	homoduplexes of plasmid plp 410 encoding mls resistance in bacteroides fragilis strain 92 revealed two "transposon-like" structures: a 17.4 kb loop flanked by 0.75 inverted repeats, and a 4.5 kb loop flanked by 0.2 kb inverted repeats. the large structure is deleted in a derivative plasmid harboured by a mls susceptible strain. we have also showed that the long and short inverted repeats are structurally related.	1981	6267427
use of cefotaxime, a beta-lactamase stable cephalosporin, in the therapy of serious infections, including those due to multiresistant organisms.	cefotaxime is a cephalosporin active against most gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, including streptococci, staphylococcus aureus, enterobacteriaceae, proteus, and many pseudomonas and bacteroides fragilis--all but the latter two are inhibited at concentrations below 0.5 micrograms/ml. we evaluated cefotaxime as the sole therapy for 32 infections in 31 patients. infection sites included 18 bacteremias; pulmonary, urinary tract, deep tissue infections; and meningitis. clinical cures were ...	1981	6269426
[bacteriological and clinical studies on cefotaxime in obstetrics and gynecology (author's transl)].	fundamental and clinical studies of cefotaxime (ctx), a new semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic were carried out in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. the following results were obtained. 1. ctx was almost equally active to sce-1365 and less active than cefotiam (ctm) and cefazolin (cez) against s. aureus, much more active than these 3 antibiotics against e. coli, more active than the 3 antibiotics against enterobacter, equally active to sce-1365 and a little weaker than cez against anae ...	1981	6270399
antibacteroides and beta-lactamase inhibitory activities of moxalactam.		1981	6271727
6 beta-iodopenicillanic acid (ui-38,006), a beta-lactamase inhibitor that extends the antibacterial spectrum of beta-lactam compounds: initial bacteriological characterization.	uk-38,006, 6 beta-iodopenicillanic acid, was shown to be a potent inhibitor of beta-lactamase enzymes. it potentiated the antibacterial action of ampicillin in vitro against beta-lactamase-producing strains of staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae, bacteroides fragilis. neisseria gonorrhoeae, and many enterobacteriaceae. this ability to synergize with ampicillin was also demonstrated in vivo after oral administration of uk-38,006 to experimentally infected mice. uk-38,006 was also shown ...	1981	6272628
in vitro activity of ceftizoxime against bacteroides fragilis: comparison with benzylpenicillin, cephalothin, and cefoxitin.	minimum inhibitory concentrations of ceftizoxime for seven clinical isolates of bacteroides fragilis were found to be markedly affected by inoculum size; the very low minimum inhibitory concentration values (less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml) obtained in tests with most strains were not sustained when the inoculum was raised 100-fold. benzylpenicillin and cephalothin were also affected by inoculum size, but cefoxitin was not. antibiotic assays showed that the strains inactivated ceftizoxim ...	1981	6272629
[study of the minimum inhibiting concentration of a new cephalosporin (hr 756): comparative data with other beta-lactamic antibiotics].	hr 756 is a new beta-lactamase resistant cephalosporin. the activity of hr 756 was compared in vitro to that of cefamandole, cefoxitine, cefuroxime and cephalothin. a concentration of 1 microgram/ml inhibited practically all isolates of e. coli, salmonella, shigella, proteus indole + and indole --, klebsiella, etc. a lower activity in vitro has been found regarding to enterobacter, serratia, citrobacter and pasteurella. the cefotaxime has some anti-pseudomonas activity at concentrations of 7.5-1 ...	1981	6272823
bacteriology of acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis of the aged.	bacteriological examination was performed on bile from 23 patients with acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis. of 23 bile cultures, 15 yielded aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and 8 yielded aerobic bacteria only. no specimen grew anaerobic bacteria only. a total of 20 cultures yielded a polymicrobial flora, and 3 cultures grew one single aerobic bacterium. escherichia coli, klebsiella sp., enterococci, bacteroids fragilis, and clostridium perfringens were the predominant bacterial flora in bil ...	1981	6273452