Publications

bartonella henselae exists as a mosaic of different genetic variants in the infected host.	bartonella henselae is a fastidious bacterium associated with infections in humans and cats. the mechanisms involved in the long-term survival of bartonellae despite vigorous host immune responses are poorly understood. generation of genetic variants is a possible strategy to circumvent the host specific immune responses. the authors have recently demonstrated the coexistence of different genetic variants within the progeny of three primary b. henselae isolates from berlin by pfge analysis. aims ...	2007	17600049
bartonella quintana lipopolysaccharide is a natural antagonist of toll-like receptor 4.	bartonella quintana is a gram-negative microorganism that causes trench fever and chronic bacteremia. b. quintana lipopolysaccharide (lps) was unable to induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines in human monocytes. interestingly, b. quintana lps is a potent antagonist of toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4), as it inhibited both mrna transcription and the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1beta (il-1beta), and il-6 by escherichia coli lps in human monocytes, at ratios ranging f ...	2007	17606598
diagnostic approaches for patients with suspected encephalitis.	encephalitis represents a diagnostic challenge, with an infectious etiology identified in only 40% to 70% of cases. more than 100 agents have been either definitively or anecdotally associated with encephalitis. important considerations for diagnosis include selection of the appropriate clinical specimen (serum vs cerebrospinal fluid), determining the most sensitive diagnostic assay (serology vs polymerase chain reaction), and assessing causality when an organism is identified outside of the cen ...	2007	17618552
evaluation of an internally controlled real-time polymerase chain reaction assay targeting the groel gene for the detection of bartonella spp. dna in patients with suspected cat-scratch disease.	bartonella (b.) henselae is the causative agent of cat-scratch disease (csd), which usually presents as a self-limiting lymphadenopathy. this study reports the development and evaluation of an internally controlled real-time polymerase chain reaction targeting the groel gene for detection of bartonella spp. dna was extracted using the magna pure system. the lower detection limit was 10-100 fg dna and the in vitro sensitivity of the assay was not affected by duplexing with an internal control pcr ...	2007	17624560
phylogenetic diversity and the structural basis of substrate specificity in the beta/alpha-barrel fold basic amino acid decarboxylases.	the beta/alpha-barrel fold type basic amino acid decarboxylases include eukaryotic ornithine decarboxylases (odc) and bacterial and plant enzymes with activity on l-arginine and meso-diaminopimelate. these enzymes catalyze essential steps in polyamine and lysine biosynthesis. phylogenetic analysis suggests that diverse bacterial species also contain odc-like enzymes from this fold type. however, in comparison with the eukaryotic odcs, amino acid differences were identified in the sequence of the ...	2007	17626020
bartonella henselae in ixodes ricinus ticks removed from dogs.	bartonella spp. is an etiologic agent of vector-borne infections. bartonella spp. was searched for in adult ixodes ricinus ticks removed from dogs and cats using specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequence analysis of glta gene. bartonella henselae dna was detected in 5 of 102 tested ticks. all pcr-positive ticks were removed from dogs. four of were engorged, one was unfed. the data demonstrate that b. henselae is able to inhabit ticks. this is the first report about the existence of b ...	2007	17627437
molecular diagnosis of infective endocarditis by real-time broad-range polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequencing directly from heart valve tissue.	traditionally, infective endocarditis (ie) has been microbiologically diagnosed by blood cultures or serology. however, conventional microbiologic methods do not always provide an etiologic diagnosis. we conducted the current study to evaluate the usefulness of a universal real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of the 16s rrna gene followed by sequencing for the diagnosis of ie in explanted heart valve tissue (hv) as part of the routine of a clinical microbiology laboratory, and to compare it ...	2007	17632260
vaccines for emerging infections.	emerging infectious diseases represent a grave threat to animal and human populations in terms of their impact on global health, agriculture and the economy. vaccines developed for emerging infections in animals can protect animal health and prevent transmission of zoonotic diseases to humans. examples in this paper illustrate how industry and public health can collaborate to develop a vaccine to prevent an emerging disease in horses (west nile virus vaccine), how poultry vaccination can protect ...	2007	17633303
association of bartonella with the fleas (siphonaptera) of rodents and bats using molecular techniques.	bartonella spp. are putatively vector-borne bacterial agents of humans and animals. fleas have been incriminated as vectors of bartonella spp. and are suspected of transmitting bartonella of rodents and bats, but some of these bartonella spp. have not yet been directly detected in wild caught fleas. we report the molecular detection of bartonella tribocorum, bartonella vinsonii subsp. vinsonii, and two novel genotypes of bartonella from the fleas xenopsylla cheopis, ctenophthalmus pseudagyrtes, ...	2007	17633432
role of magnetic resonance imaging and scintigraphy in the diagnosis and follow-up of osteomyelitis in cat-scratch disease.	cat-scratch disease (csd) is a self-limiting infectious disease characterised with lymphadenopathy in a patient with a history of cat contact. cases of bone involvement in patients with csd are rare. we reported a case of 11-year-old boy with prolonged intermittent fever, inguinal lymphadenopathy and osteomyelitis. he had a history of exposure to kittens. the physical examination revealed a febrile boy without an apparent site of infection except an enlarged inguinal lymph node. its histopatholo ...	2007	17635689
transverse myelitis in 2 patients with bartonella henselae infection (cat scratch disease).	cat scratch disease is usually a benign, self-limiting condition. neurological manifestations are uncommon and may consist of encephalopathy, seizures, and coma. this report describes 2 cases of transverse myelitis: 1 case in a 46-year-old man who had lymph node biopsy and serological testing results that were positive for bartonella henselae and 1 case in a 13-year-old adolescent boy who had serological testing results that were positive for b. henselae. these are 2 of the only 3 cases of trans ...	2007	17638185
ecological differences and coexistence in a guild of microparasites: bartonella in wild rodents.	the study of ecological differences among coexisting microparasites has been largely neglected, but it addresses important and unusual issues because there is no clear distinction in such cases between conventional (resource) and apparent competition. here patterns in the population dynamics are examined for four species of bartonella (bacterial parasites) coexisting in two wild rodent hosts, bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) and wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus). using generalized linear model ...	2007	17645030
[development of a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for detecting bartonella henselae].	to develop a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for detecting bartonella henselae.	2007	17649663
familial occurrence of cat-scratch disease, with varying clinical expression.	cat-scratch disease, primarily caused by bartonella henselae, typically presents with regional adenopathy, and the role of antibiotics in the treatment is debatable. we present a report of b. henselae infection transmitted by the same kitten to 4 different individuals, each with different clinical characteristics, treatment, and evolution.	2007	17654352
acquisition of nonspecific bartonella strains by the northern grasshopper mouse (onychomys leucogaster).	rodent-associated bartonella species are generally host-specific parasites in north america. here evidence that bartonella species can 'jump' between host species is presented. northern grasshopper mice and other rodents were trapped in the western usa. a study of bartonella infection in grasshopper mice demonstrated a high prevalence that varied from 25% to 90% by location. bartonella infection was detected in other rodent species with a high prevalence as well. sequence analyses of glta identi ...	2007	17672850
bartonella-induced endothelial cell proliferation is mediated by release of calcium from intracellular stores.	the facultative intracellular bacterium bartonella henselae induces unique angiogenic lesions in immunocompromised hosts. to determine the role of intracellular calcium pools in b. henselae-induced endothelial cell proliferation, we generated b. henselae-conditioned medium (bcm) and tested the ability of these cell-free proteins to induce human umbilical vein endothelial cell (huvec) proliferation, cxcl8 production, and intracellular ca2+ signals. huvecs incubated with bcm for 3 days had higher ...	2007	17678436
biomedical evaluation of free-ranging ring-tailed lemurs (lemur catta) in three habitats at the beza mahafaly special reserve, madagascar.	complete physical examinations and biomedical sample collection were performed on 70 free-ranging ring-tailed lemurs (lemur catta) from three different habitats in the beza mahfaly special reserve (bmsr), in southern madagascar, to assess the impact of humans and habitat on lemur health. lemurs were chemically immobilized with ketamine and diazepam administered via blow darts for concurrent biomedical, morphometric, and behavioral studies. subsets of the animals had blood analyzed for hematology ...	2007	17679503
seroprevalence of bartonella henselae in dogs and cats in sassari.		2007	17682904
mixed infections, cryptic diversity, and vector-borne pathogens: evidence from polygenis fleas and bartonella species.	coinfections within hosts present opportunities for horizontal gene transfer between strains and competitive interactions between genotypes and thus can be a critical element of the lifestyles of pathogens. bartonella spp. are alphaproteobacteria that parasitize mammalian erythrocytes and endothelial cells. their vectors are thought to be various biting arthropods, such as fleas, ticks, mites, and lice, and they are commonly cited as agents of various emerging diseases. coinfections by different ...	2007	17693558
[abscessing lymphadenitis in a 1.5-year-old boy].	at present, bartonella species are increasingly important as infectious agents in both animals and humans. bartonella henselae, the most frequently diagnosed species, is known to cause numerous clinical syndromes in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. in healthy individuals, the infection is most commonly manifested as the so-called cat scratch disease. the manifestations include erythema or papule at the point of entry of infection (site of injury) and regional lymphadenitis. t ...	2007	17703405
bone infection in cat-scratch disease: a review of the literature.	to describe the main features of bone infection associated with cat-scratch disease (csd).	2007	17140668
characterization of th1 activation by bartonella henselae stimulation in balb/c mice: inhibitory activities of interleukin-10 for the production of interferon-gamma in spleen cells.	this study was conducted to analyze cytokine production mechanisms in mice after bartonella henselae stimulation. balb/c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 3 x 10(6) colony forming units of b. henselae (houston-1 strain) twice at 10-day interval. spleen cells were harvested from the mice and stimulated with the organisms. following the stimulation, interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and interleukin-4 (il-4), il-10, il-12 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) were measured in the culture ...	2007	17005337
prevalence of mycoplasma haemofelis, 'candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum', bartonella species, ehrlichia species, and anaplasma phagocytophilum dna in the blood of cats with anemia.	hemoplasmas are known causes of anemia in some cats and some bartonella species have been associated with anemia in people and in dogs. in this retrospective study, we used polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays to determine the prevalence rates of mycoplasma haemofelis, 'candidatus m haemominutum', a phagocytophilum, ehrlichia species, and bartonella species dna in the blood of cats with anemia and a control group of healthy cats. dna of the organisms was amplified from 22 of 89 cats with anemi ...	2007	16846745
analysis of the first australian strains of bartonella quintana reveals unique genotypes.	bartonella quintana is increasingly recognized as a cause of clinical disease in various geographical locations. we characterized three australian strains associated with endocarditis, using established molecular-typing techniques, the 16s/23s rrna intergenic spacer (its) region, and multispacer typing (mst). all strains examined demonstrated novel its and/or mst genotypes. further characterization of australian strains is required to determine whether there is an association between genotype an ...	2007	17428928
[atypical cat scratch disease in an immunocompetent school-aged child].		2007	17430722
from cat scratch disease to endocarditis, the possible natural history of bartonella henselae infection.	most patients with infectious endocarditis (ie) due to bartonella henselae have a history of exposure to cats and pre-existing heart valve lesions. to date, none of the reported patients have had a history of typical cat scratch disease (csd) which is also a manifestation of infection with b. henselae.	2007	17442105
characterization of an immunogenic outer membrane autotransporter protein, arp, of bartonella henselae.	bartonella henselae is a recently recognized pathogenic bacterium associated with cat scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis, and bacillary peliosis. this study describes the cloning, sequencing, and characterization of an antigenic autotransporter gene from b. henselae. a cloned 6.0-kb bcli-ecori dna fragment expresses a 120-kda b. henselae protein immunoreactive with 21.2% of sera from patients positive for b. henselae immunoglobulin g antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence, with 97.3% spe ...	2007	17785470
bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii endocarditis in a dog from saskatchewan.	a dog referred for lameness was diagnosed with culture-negative endocarditis. antibodies to bartonella spp. were detected. antibiotic treatment resulted in transient clinical improvement, but the dog developed cardiac failure and was euthanized. bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii genotype iv was identified within the aortic heart valve lesions by pcr amplification and dna sequencing.	2007	17824328
quantitative analysis of proliferation and excretion of bartonella quintana in body lice, pediculus humanus l.	although body louse is a well-known vector of trench fever, the growth kinetics of bartonella quintana in body lice has not been fully understood. we performed a quantitative analysis of bacterial multiplication rate. b. quintana started proliferation in body lice 4 days after ingestion and was constantly excreted in the feces for at least 3 weeks. the number of bacteria in feces reached the maximum 10(7)/louse per day on day 15. the doubling time of b. quintana estimated from logistic regressio ...	2007	17827380
bartonella strains in small mammals from dhaka, bangladesh, related to bartonella in america and europe.	ecological and bacteriologic observations of small mammals captured in dhaka, bangladesh, indicated that bartonella infections occurred in high prevalence among lesser bandicoot rats (bandicota bengalensis), black rats (rattus rattus), and house shrews (suncus murinus). sequence analysis of the citrate synthase gene of bartonella isolates showed that small mammals in bangladesh harbored a diverse assemblage of strains. some cultures were genetically related to bartonella elizabethae, a species i ...	2007	17827381
bartonella henselae in the human environment in poland.	the aim of the study was to determine the occurrence of bartonella henselae reservoir and vectors of infection in the close surroundings of human beings in urban areas of central poland. the study included mammals (54 dogs, 137 cats) and 102 adult ixodes ricinus ticks removed from cats and dogs. blood samples were drawn from each animal and cultured on chocolate agar plates and in mouse fibroblasts l-929 cell line culture. the levels of bartonella henselae igg antibodies were determined by indir ...	2007	17852890
[generalized lymphadenitis associated with hashimoto's thyroiditis].	a 26-year-old pakistani woman was admitted to hospital with fever, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain and general weakness for the previous two weeks, but no diarrhea or constipation. antibiotic therapy as an out-patient had not provided relief. she also had enlarged cervical lymph nodes. she reported that she had always been in good health before onset of the described symptoms.	2007	17443443
emerging zoonoses and vector-borne infections affecting humans in europe.	the purpose of this study was to assess and describe the current spectrum of emerging zoonoses between 2000 and 2006 in european countries. a computerized search of the medline database from january 1966 to august 2006 for all zoonotic agents in european countries was performed using specific criteria for emergence. fifteen pathogens were identified as emerging in europe from 2000 to august 2006: rickettsiae spp., anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi, bartonella spp., francisella tula ...	2007	17445320
[pediatric pneumonia, pleural effusion, and pericarditis following cat scratch disease and serological cross-reactions among bartonella henselae and rickettsia japonica determined by indirect fluorescence antibodies].	cat scratch disease is associated with a variety of systemic manifestations. we report a pediatric case associated with pneumonia, pleural effusion, and pericarditis. a 3-year-old boy developed prolonged fever unresponsive to antibiotic treatment, including azithromycin and minocycline. although the fever resolved with corticosteroid treatment, bartonella henselae igg titer was positive in indirect fluorescence antibodies, as was rickettsia japonica igg titer. both titers were significantly redu ...	2007	17447481
molecular mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics in bartonella bacilliformis.	bartonella bacilliformis is the aetiological agent of carrion's disease. although ciprofloxacin, rifampicin and erythromycin have been successfully used in the treatment of the disease, failures and relapses have been reported. the objective of our study was to select in vitro mutants resistant to antibiotics in order to determine the frequency of mutations and to characterize the mechanism of resistance at the molecular level.	2007	17449882
[bacillary angiomatosis caused by bartonella quintana in an human immunodeficiency virus positive patient].	we report the first case of bacillary angiomatosis due to bartonella quintana affecting a chilean a hiv positive patient in chile. he was a 27 years old, heterosexual male, indigent man known to be hiv positive serological status known from september, 2003, under irregular medical control. on april, 2005, he presented a progressive abscess in the frontal region and erythematous papules in the extremities, that extended to face, thorax and mucoses, becoming nodular and violaceous lesions. bacilla ...	2007	17453076
bartonella henselae infection presenting as a unilateral acute maculopathy.	the purpose of this article is to report an unusual ocular manifestation of cat scratch disease (csd) presenting as a unilateral acute maculopathy (uam). we describe and review the clinical, laboratory, fluorescein angiography (fa), indocyanine green angiography (icg) and optical coherence tomography (oct) records of a patient with csd.	2007	17458800
detection of opportunistic infections by low-density microarrays: a diagnostic approach for granulomatous lymphadenitis.	in molecular diagnosis of infectious diseases often more than 1 pathogen has to be considered. as a consequence, a series of labor-intensive and time-consuming polymerase chain reaction (pcr) approaches specific for different putative pathogens have to be carried out. to speed up diagnosis, we established a low-density microarray for simultaneous detection of diverse putative pathogens causing a disease such as granulomatous lymphadenitis. nucleic acids from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tis ...	2007	17471154
idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma: a multicentre prospective study of 30 cases.	idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma (ifag) was recently described in a single-centre retrospective study as a skin condition that occurs specifically in childhood.	2007	17493068
cat scratch disease from a domestic dog.	cat scratch disease (csd), caused by bartonella henselae, is a zoonosis and characterized by self-limited lymphadenopathy. it is transmitted commonly by scratch or bite from cats or kitten. we report an unusual case of csd caused by a domestic dog scratch that we believe is the first report in taiwan. a 23-year-old healthy woman developed cervical lymphadenopathy, mild fever, headache, and malaise 3 days after dog scratch. her symptoms improved after azithromycin treatment. serology proved b. he ...	2007	17493900
unusual concurrent detection by polymerase chain reaction of bartonella henselae and parvovirus b19 in an immunocompetent child with erythema nodosum and hepatic granulomatous disease.	we report an unusual case of documented bartonella henselae genotype i from hepatic tissue in an italian immunocompetent girl presenting with erythema nodosum and hepatic granulomata. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was performed on biopsied liver sample to confirm the etiologic role of b. henselae and to identify the genetic variant of this organism. a pcr on the same liver biopsy for parvovirus b19 was also positive, but the clinical meaning of this was not clear.	2007	17532594
detection of bartonella henselae dna in two dogs with pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis.	1 dog evaluated because of inappetence and lameness of the left hind limb of 1 day's duration and 1 dog evaluated because of inappetence, fever, and lymphadenopathy of 2 weeks' duration.	2007	17331050
recurrent expressive aphasia as a presentation of cat-scratch encephalopathy.	cat-scratch disease is a common disease, occurring in an estimated 24,000 patients annually in the united states, and is one of the most common causes of chronic lymphadenitis in children. a wide array of neurologic complications occurs as a result of cat-scratch disease. however, there have been no reports of acute-onset, self-resolving, recurrent, expressive aphasia, as we report here in an adolescent boy. in our case, establishing the diagnosis of cat-scratch encephalopathy saved time and res ...	2007	17332191
cat scratch disease during etanercept therapy.	lymphadenopathy in a patient taking tnfalpha antagonist therapy may indicate lymph node tuberculosis or a hematological malignancy. although histological evidence of granuloma suggests tuberculosis, many other infections responsible for granulomatous reactions have been reported in patients on tnfalpha antagonist therapy. we report a case of granulomatous lymphadenopathy due to bartonella henselae in a patient taking etanercept to treat ankylosing spondylitis.	2007	17337229
cat scratch disease with epidural extension while on antimicrobial treatment.	we report the first case of a child with an epidural abscess caused by bartonella henselae. this case is unique in that the diagnosis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of the abscess fluid. a 3-year-old male was admitted with a 1-week history of fever and lower back pain. magnetic resonance imaging (mri) of the lumbar spine revealed a paraspinal soft tissue abnormality extending from the t(12) to the l(4) level, and a computed tomography (ct) scan of the lumbar spine showed osteom ...	2007	17337934
detection of rickettsia rickettsii and bartonella henselae in rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks from california.	sixty-two questing adult rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille) ticks were collected by direct removal from blades of turfgrass and adjacent concrete walkways at a suburban home in riverside county, ca, and tested for the presence of rickettsia, bartonella, and ehrlichia dna. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to amplify fragments of the 17-kda antigen gene and the rompa gene of the spotted fever group rickettsiae. one male tick contained r. rickettsii dna; its genotype differed from r. rick ...	2007	17294935
an hiv-positive patient with cervical lymphadenopathy and skin lesions.		2007	17304465
proteomic and immunoblot analyses of bartonella quintana total membrane proteins identify antigens recognized by sera from infected patients.	bartonella quintana is a fastidious, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that causes prolonged bacteremia in immunocompetent humans and severe infections in immunocompromised individuals. we sought to define the outer membrane subproteome of b. quintana in order to obtain insight into the biology and pathogenesis of this emerging pathogen and to identify the predominant b. quintana antigens targeted by the human immune system during infection. we isolated the total membrane proteins of b. quinta ...	2007	17307937
living without fur: the subtlety and complexity of iron-responsive gene regulation in the symbiotic bacterium rhizobium and other alpha-proteobacteria.	the alpha-proteobacteria include several important genera, including the symbiotic n(2)-fixing "rhizobia", the plant pathogen agrobacterium, the mammalian pathogens brucella, bartonella as well as many others that are of environmental or other interest--including rhodobacter, caulobacter and the hugely abundant marine genus pelagibacter. only a few species--mainly different members of the rhizobia--have been analyzed directly for their ability to use and to respond to iron. these studies, howeve ...	2007	17310401
adult systemic cat scratch disease associated with therapy for hepatitis c.	we describe the first case of systemic cat scratch disease in a patient receiving peginterferon alpha-2a and ribavirin for treatment of hepatitis c. cases of adult systemic csd are extremely infrequent and immunomodulatory treatment for hepatitis c has been associated with aberrant host responses to common pathogens.	2007	17319959
experimental infection of domestic cats with passaged genotype i bartonella henselae.	the influence of in vitro passage on bartonella henselae pathogenesis in cats has not been thoroughly evaluated. our objective was to examine the bacterial kinetics and humoral immune responses in cats experimentally infected with three different in vitro passages of b. henselae f1, a genotype i strain of feline origin. the f1 strain was in vitro passaged 20 and 40 times, and each was inoculated into a group of 5 cats. the kinetics of bacteremia and the feline humoral immune response to bacteria ...	2007	17321078
a combined approach for the enhanced detection and isolation of bartonella species in dog blood samples: pre-enrichment liquid culture followed by pcr and subculture onto agar plates.	historically, direct plating, lysis centrifugation, or freeze-thaw approaches have proven to be highly insensitive methods for confirming bartonella species infection in dogs. a prospective study was designed to compare diagnostic methods for the detection of bartonella using samples submitted to the vector-borne disease diagnostic laboratory at north carolina state university. methods included indirect immunofluorescence assay, pcr, direct inoculation of a blood agar plate (trypticase soy agar ...	2007	17346836
encephalitis lethargica following bartonella henselae infection.		2007	17351727
[molecular genetic methods of typing of the bartonellae].	the primer systems for the pcr detection of four house-keeping genes of bartonellae in clinical material were developed and tested. the tactics of the species rflp typing was also developed and tested. the scheme of the species rflp typing of bartonellae was tested using as an example two strains for the first time isolated in russia from patients with endocarditis and fever of uncertain origin. the results of the typing were supported by sequencing of the amplicons obtained. according to the se ...	2007	17354603
seropositivity rates for bartonella henselae, toxocara canis and toxoplasma gondii in new zealand blood donors.	bartonella henselae, toxocara canis and toxoplasma gondii organisms can all cause vision-threatening posterior segment disease. diagnosis relies heavily on clinical findings, but detection of antibodies in the patient's serum may be helpful in some cases. the significance of a positive serology result depends on the seroprevalence in the general population. seroprevalence rates for these organisms vary widely around the world and this study aimed to determine the rates for a new zealand populati ...	2007	17362453
presumed oculoglandular syndrome from bartonella quintana.	to describe a case of clinically diagnosed oculoglandular syndrome in a 17-year-old patient that was presumed to be due to bartonella quintana, as suggested by a positive serologic titer.	2007	17365807
molecular detection of bartonella species infecting rodents in slovenia.	rodents, collected in three zoogeographical regions across slovenia, were tested for the presence of bartonellae using direct pcr-based amplification of 16s/23s rrna gene intergenic spacer region (its) fragments from splenic dna extracts. bartonella dna was detected in four species of rodents, apodemus flavicollis, apodemus sylvaticus, apodemus agrarius and clethrionomys glareolus, in all three zoogeographic regions at an overall prevalence of 40.4%. the prevalence of infection varied significan ...	2007	17374132
serological testing for bartonella henselae infections in the netherlands: clinical evaluation of immunofluorescence assay and elisa.	cat-scratch disease (csd), caused by bartonella henselae infection, can mimic malignancy and can manifest atypically. reliable serological testing is therefore of great clinical importance. the diagnostic performance of immunofluorescence assay (ifa) and elisa was evaluated in a group of dutch patients with proven csd (clinical diagnosis confirmed by pcr). sera of 51 csd patients and 56 controls (patients with similar symptoms, but who were b. henselae pcr-negative and had an alternative confirm ...	2007	17378931
development of discriminatory multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis for bartonella henselae.	bartonella henselae is a zoonotic bacterium that infects cats and humans. several attempts have been made to develop typing techniques for epidemiological purposes; however, most of the techniques developed do not appear to be sufficiently discriminatory or easy to use. in order to develop multilocus variable number tandem repeat (vntr) analysis (mlva) for b. henselae, 30 vntr candidates were selected from the genome sequence of the reference strain houston 1 (h1). the vntr candidates were initi ...	2007	17379723
evaluation of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multi-locus sequence typing for the analysis of clonal relatedness among bartonella henselae isolates.	pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) represents the gold standard among band-based methods for the molecular typing of bartonella henselae. smai and noti have been frequently used for typing b. henselae by pfge. however, their appropriateness for the analysis of genetic relatedness among b. henselae isolates has not been assessed systematically hitherto. aim of the present study was to evaluate smai, noti, and three additional endonucleases for typing b. henselae isolates by pfge and to compa ...	2007	17398157
chronic vasculitis and polyneuropathy due to infection with bartonella henselae.	bartonella henselae, the causative agent of cat scratch disease and bacillary angiomatosis, is associated with an expanding spectrum of diseases. here, we report on a 40-year-old patient suffering from chronic recurrent painful ulcers of the toes, distal axonal sensomotor polyneuropathy and raynaud's phenomenon. biopsy of the sural nerve demonstrated an axonal neuropathy with a neurogenic muscular atrophy. treatment with high dose corticosteroids had no beneficial effect. a biopsy taken from a r ...	2007	17401716
controlled trial of a 5-day course of telithromycin versus doxycycline for treatment of mild to moderate scrub typhus.	new antibiotics are required to have the antibacterial activity against doxycycline-resistant orientia tsutsugamushi. an in vitro sensitivity study showed that telithromycin was more effective than erythromycin for rickettsia, bartonella, and coxiella burnetii. in this prospective, open-label, randomized trial, we enrolled patients with mild-to-moderate scrub typhus. we compared the efficacy and safety of a 5-day telithromycin therapy with those of a 5-day doxycycline therapy at chosun universit ...	2007	17404000
presence of bartonella spp. in various human populations.	bartonella spp. bacteria are significant human pathogens and the agents of bacterial zoonosis acquired from an animal companion. the aim of the study was to determine the seroprevalence of two of the most common bartonella species b. henselae and b. quintana in various human populations. the studied groups included: alcoholics, intravenous drug users, veterinarians, cats' owners. blood samples were collected and cultured on chocolate agar plates and in mouse fibroblasts l-929 cell line culture. ...	2007	17419187
encephalopathy complicated by guillain-barre syndrome and hydrocephalus and associated with acute bartonella quintana infection.	we describe a 16-month-old girl who suffered from encephalopathy leading to intensive care unit hospitalization, complicated by guillain-barre syndrome and hydrocephalus, and who had serologic and molecular evidence of central nervous system infection by b. quintana. the possible association of b. quintana with guillain-barre syndrome and hydrocephalus has not been previously described and demonstrates the growing spectrum of neurologic complications of bartonella spp. infections.	2007	17721391
inhibition of toll-like receptor 4 breaks the inflammatory loop in autoimmune destructive arthritis.	degeneration of extracellular matrix of cartilage leads to the production of molecules capable of activating the immune system via toll-like receptor 4 (tlr-4). the objective of this study was to investigate the involvement of tlr-4 activation in the development and progression of autoimmune destructive arthritis.	2007	17763416
identification of bacteria from clinical samples using bartonella alpha-proteobacteria growth medium.	in an effort to overcome historical problems associated with the isolation of bartonella species from animal and human blood samples, our laboratory developed a novel, chemically modified, insect-based, liquid culture medium (bartonella alpha-proteobacteria growth medium, bapgm). in this study, we describe the isolation of non-bartonella bacteria from aseptically obtained human blood and tissue samples that were inoculated into bapgm pre-enrichment culture medium, and were obtained during attemp ...	2007	17889384
[using direct enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of igg antibody on bartonella henselae among healthy people in changping, beijing].	to detect bartonella henselae igg antibody among healthy people in changping, beijing.	2007	18069561
infective endocarditis with negative blood cultures.	culture-negative endocarditis is important as it has a relatively poor prognosis. the principal reason for negative cultures is prior antibiotic therapy although fastidious organisms such as bartonella spp. and coxiella burnetii are also important. pcr may offer significant advantages in diagnosis but tests require standardisation. modification of current diagnostic criteria is required. empirical cover of mrsa needs to be considered.	2007	17890062
[evaluation of a in house serology reagent for the diagnosis of cat-scratch disease defined by pcr].	evaluate the sensitivity and the specificity of the cat scratch disease serology by indirect immunofluorescence assay, realized from an in-house antigenic suspension, with pcr defined cases. describe the epidemiological characteristics of the cases.	2007	17905531
[hematozoon cenoses of small rodents and insectivora in the orenburg region].	a total of 2942 specimens of 15 species of ground rodents and insectova in the orenburg region were caught and examined during long-term studies. the investigators detected 7 taxonomic groups of hematozoons: rickettsia (anaplasma sp., grahamella sp., haemobartonella sp.), protozoa (trypanosoma sp., plasmodium sp., piroplasma sp.), and nematodes (filariidae spp., larval stages). the authors give information on the species composition and infection extensiveness of individual systematic groups of ...	2007	17912832
cat-scratch disease lymphadenitis.		2007	17915663
the use of bartonella henselae-specific age dependent igg and igm in diagnostic models to discriminate diseased from non-diseased in cat scratch disease serology.	cat scratch disease (csd) is caused by bartonella henselae infection and is a common cause of regional lymphadenopathy. the diagnosis of csd largely depends on serology, but is hampered by both low sensitivity and specificity of the applied igg and igm assays. using an in-house elisa, we detected a significant age-dependent increase in the igg levels in the general population compared to csd patients. with this knowledge, we developed diagnostic models to differentiate diseased from non-diseased ...	2007	17916395
bartonella and rickettsia from fleas (siphonaptera: ceratophyllidae) of prairie dogs (cynomys spp.) from the western united states.	fleas of prairie dogs have been implicated in the transmission of bartonella spp. we used pcr to test dna extracts from 47 fleas of prairie dogs from 6 states. we amplified dna from 5 unique genotypes of bartonella spp. and 1 rickettsia sp. from 12 fleas collected in north dakota, oklahoma, texas, and wyoming. sequences from the bartonella spp. were similar, but not identical, to those from prairie dogs and their fleas in colorado.	2007	17918386
prevalence of antibodies to bartonella henselae in dogs in italy.		2007	17921442
a case of fatal disseminated bartonella henselae infection (cat-scratch disease) with encephalitis.	cat-scratch disease resulting from bartonella henselae infection is usually a benign, self-limited process in immunocompetent children. even the rare cases associated with neurologic manifestations are not generally fatal. we report a case of a previously healthy 6-year-old boy with cat-scratch disease, systemic dissemination, and encephalitis that led to his death. autopsy revealed perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates and microglial nodules in the brain. to our knowledge, this finding has not b ...	2007	17922599
bivalvular bartonella henselae prosthetic valve endocarditis.	prosthetic valve endocarditis is an uncommon manifestation of infection with bartonella species. herein, we report a case of bartonella henselae endocarditis involving prosthetic mitral and aortic valves. the patient had a favorable outcome with combined medical and surgical therapy. concomitant crescentic glomerulonephritis led to an initial mistaken diagnosis of wegener's granulomatosis.	2007	17942646
genetic diversity of bartonella henselae in human infection detected with multispacer typing.	we applied multispacer typing (mst) by incorporating 9 variable intergenic spacers to bartonella henselae dna detected in lymph node biopsy specimens from 70 patients with cat-scratch disease (csd), in cardiac valve specimens from 2 patients with endocarditis, and in 3 human isolates from patients with bacillary angiomatosis, csd, and endocarditis. sixteen mst genotypes were found, 5 previously identified in cats and 11 new. of the studied dna, 78.7% belonged to 2 genotypes, which were phylogene ...	2007	17953088
osler's nodes and janeway lesions.	the pathogenesis of osler's nodes and janeway lesions remains a mystery despite vigorous debate over the last 113 years. they are given great emphasis among the clinical signs of bacterial endocarditis but are seldom seen in practice. two cases of subacute bacterial endocarditis are presented. a 66-year-old woman with bartonella henselae endocarditis developed osler's nodes on the hands postoperatively, and a 23-year-old man with streptococcus oralis endocarditis developed tender macules with an ...	2007	17956487
[cat-scratch disease].		2007	17969956
multifocal osteomyelitis due to bartonella henselae in a child without focal pain.	we describe a case of an 11-year-old girl who presented with osteomyelitis of the vertebrae and right femur due to bartonella henselae. her only symptom was prolonged fever without focal pain. magnetic resonance imaging (mri) and nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were useful for the diagnosis. osteomyelitis due to b. henselae should be considered in cases of prolonged fever of unknown origin.	2007	17982727
phylogenetic analysis of bartonella detected in rodent fleas in yunnan, china.	previous studies have demonstrated a diversity of bartonella spp. in rodent populations in yunnan province, china. although bartonella spp. have been isolated from cat fleas and cattle ticks collected from their animal hosts, little is known about bartonella carried by rodent fleas. in this study, bartonella dna was detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in two of five species of rodent fleas. these included xenopsylla cheopis and ctenophthalmus lushuiensis, which were collected from rattus ...	2007	17984255
spatial analysis of the exposure of dogs in rural north-coastal california to vectorborne pathogens.	between 0 and 50 per cent of the dogs in eight rural villages in far northern california with a high risk of tickborne diseases were seropositive for anaplasma phagocytophilum and bartonella vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii, and between 0 and 10 per cent were seropositive for borrelia burgdorferi. the odds ratio for the co-exposure of individual dogs to b vinsonii berkhoffii and a phagocytophilum was 18.2. none of the diseases was associated with the sex of the dogs, whether they slept out of door ...	2007	17993656
surveillance for zoonotic vector-borne infections using sick dogs from southeastern brazil.	for many vector-borne organisms, dogs can be used as sentinels to estimate the risk of human infection. the objective of this study was to use dogs as sentinels for multiple vector-borne organisms in order to evaluate the potential for human infection with these agents in southeastern brazil. blood from 198 sick dogs with clinicopathological abnormalities consistent with tick-borne infections were selected at the são paulo state university veterinary teaching hospital in botucatu and tested for ...	2007	18021025
[cat scratch disease: report of a case].		2007	18021527
immunological response in cases of complicated and uncomplicated bartonellosis during pregnancy.	bartonellosis (carrion's disease) during pregnancy is associated with high rates of maternal and perinatal mortality. we report the immunological patterns in two cases of human bartonellosis during pregnancy. one patient had an uncomplicated course while the second patient developed life threatening anasarca and cardiac tamponade. the patient with a complicated course had a th1 response with a higher elevation of il-10. this elevation has been associated with poor outcome pregnancies during bact ...	2007	18026643
genomic analysis of bartonella identifies type iv secretion systems as host adaptability factors.	the bacterial genus bartonella comprises 21 pathogens causing characteristic intraerythrocytic infections. bartonella bacilliformis is a severe pathogen representing an ancestral lineage, whereas the other species are benign pathogens that evolved by radial speciation. here, we have used comparative and functional genomics to infer pathogenicity genes specific to the radiating lineage, and we suggest that these genes may have facilitated adaptation to the host environment. we determined the comp ...	2007	18037886
encephalopathy with retinitis due to cat-scratch disease.	cat-scratch disease is one of several diseases known to be caused by bartonella species. some infections due to bartonella resolve spontaneously without treatment with antibiotics, but in other cases the disease can be fatal without treatment. this case study reports a 7-year-old male who presented with an unexplained encephalopathy and unusual retinal findings associated with evidence supporting infection by b. henselae. the 7-year-old male presented with a 2-week history of general malaise and ...	2007	18039241
detection of rickettsia amblyommii in association with a tick bite rash.	in the summer of 2006, an amblyomma americanum tick was removed from a woman in central north carolina, who subsequently developed a rash at the site of tick attachment. when examined by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for borrelia, anaplasma, ehrlichia, babesia, rickettsia, and bartonella dna, only the rickettsia primers generated an amplicon, which was identified as "r. amblyommii" by sequencing. to our knowledge, this is the first case in which r. amblyommii was temporally associated with a r ...	2007	18052716
[stroke as a manifestation of acute bartonella henselae endocarditis].	bartonella, a small gram-negative bacillus, causes a variety of diseases and presents with different clinical manifestations, one of which is infective endocarditis (ie). ie due to b. henselae is associated with a high risk of morbidity and mortality due to the destructive potential of the organism to the heart valves and due to the great risk of embolic complications.	2007	18087840
do bartonella infections cause agitation, panic disorder, and treatment-resistant depression?	bartonella is an emerging infection found in cities, suburbs, and rural locations. routine national labs offer testing for only 2 species, but at least 9 have been discovered as human infections within the last 15 years. some authors discuss bartonella cases having atypical presentations, with serious morbidity considered uncharacteristic of more routine bartonella infections. some atypical findings include distortion of vision, abdominal pain, severe liver and spleen tissue abnormalities, throm ...	2007	18092060
multi-locus sequence typing of bartonella henselae isolates from three continents reveals hypervirulent and feline-associated clones.	bartonella henselae is a zoonotic pathogen and the causative agent of cat scratch disease and a variety of other disease manifestations in humans. previous investigations have suggested that a limited subset of b. henselae isolates may be associated with human disease. in the present study, 182 human and feline b. henselae isolates from europe, north america and australia were analysed by multi-locus sequence typing (mlst) to detect any associations between sequence type (st), host species and g ...	2007	18094753
bartonella henselae infects human erythrocytes.	bartonella henselae, a facultative intracellular bacterium, has been known as the agent of cat scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis, peliosis hepatis, endocarditis, and bacteremic syndrome in humans. bartonella species can cause intraerythrocytic infections and have been isolated from the bloodstream of patients by several methods. it was demonstrated that b. bacilliformis and b. quintana infect human endothelial cells and human erythrocytes and b. henselae infects erythrocytes of cats. the a ...	2007	18098053
severe anemia, panserositis, and cryptogenic hepatitis in an hiv patient infected with bartonella henselae.	bartonella spp. constitute emerging pathogens of worldwide distribution. bacillary angiomatosis is the most frequent skin manifestation of bartonelloses; nevertheless, b. henselae infection should always be considered systemic, especially in immunodeficient individuals. the authors report the case of an aids patient with bacillary angiomatosis, who had concurrent severe anemia, hepatitis, peritonitis, pleuritis, and pericarditis. clinical manifestation, electronic microscopic examination of eryt ...	2007	18098054
[a case of cat scratch disease].	cat scratch disease (csd) which is usually seen in children and young adults and characterized by self limited lymphadenopathy, is caused by bartonella henselae. in this report, a 30-year-old male patient who was admitted to the outpatient clinic with the complaint of lymphadenopathy, was presented. erythrocyte sedimentation rate and c reactive protein values of the patient were normal, and anti-hiv, brucella agglutination and anti-toxoplasma igm and igg tests were negative. no bacterial growth ...	2007	18173081
musculoskeletal manifestations of cat scratch disease.	musculoskeletal manifestations (mms) are considered to be rare in cat scratch disease (csd) and are not well characterized. we aimed to study mms of csd.	2007	18190312
from cat scratch disease to bartonella henselae infection.		2007	18190313
co-circulating microorganisms in questing ixodes scapularis nymphs in maryland.	ixodes scapularis can be infected with borrelia burgdorferi, anaplasma phagocytophilum, bartonella spp., babesia microti, and rickettsia spp., including spotted-fever group rickettsia. as all of these microorganisms have been reported in maryland, the potential for these ticks to have concurrent infections exists in this region. to assess the frequency of these complex infections, 348 i. scapularis nymphs collected in 2003 were screened for these microorganisms by pcr with positives being confir ...	2007	18260514
endocarditis in cattle caused by bartonella bovis.	this study aimed to determine the role of bartonella as an endocarditis agent in cattle. bartonella bovis was identified by pcr, gene sequences analysis, and specific internal transcribed spacer amplicon product size in 2 bovine endocarditis cases with high antibody titers, which demonstrates that b. bovis is a pathogen for cattle.	2007	18252116
isolation of bartonella sp. from sheep blood.	a bartonella sp. was isolated from sheep blood. bacterial identification was conducted by using electron microscopy and dna sequencing of the 16s rrna, citrate synthase, riboflavin synthase, and rnaase p genes. to our knowledge, this is the first report of ovine bartonella infection.	2007	18258009
bartonella dna in dog saliva.	bartonella species, transmitted by arthropods or animal bites and scratches, are emerging pathogens in human and veterinary medicine. pcr and dna sequencing were used to test oral swabs collected from dogs. results indicated the presence of 4 bartonella species: b. bovis, b. henselae, b. quintana, and b. vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii.	2007	18258056