Publications

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rapid quantification of vibrio vulnificus in clams (protochaca staminea) using real-time pcr.we used a rapid dna extraction and purification method to obtain the dna from vibrio vulnificus seeded into clam tissue homogenates for real-time pcr quantification of the organism. without enrichment, the limit of detection was 1 x 10(2) cfu/g of tissue with a linear detection range of 1 x 10(2) to 1 x 10(8) cfu/g. with a 5 h non-selective enrichment, the limit of detection was 1 cfu/g of tissue with a linear detection range of 1 to 1 x 10(6) cfu/g of tissue. we found a 10-fold higher detection ...200616943079
inactivation of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus in phosphate-buffered saline and in inoculated whole oysters by high-pressure processing.inactivation studies for vibrio parahaemolyticus tx-2103 (serotype o3:k6) and vibrio vulnificus mo-624 (clinical isolate) were conducted in phosphate-buffered saline (pbs) and in inoculated oysters under high-pressure processing conditions. v. parahaemolyticus was more resistant than v. vulnificus in pbs at all pressures and times. a 6-log reduction of v. parahaemolyticus and v. vulnificus in pbs at 241 mpa required 11 and 5 min, respectively, which included a 3-min pressure come-up time. a 4.5- ...200616541691
tropical dermatology: bacterial tropical diseases.bacterial infections are common in tropical parts of the world and can include those species also seen regularly in temperate climates. many tropical bacterial infections, however, are rarely diagnosed in temperate parts of the world and include bartonellosis, tropical ulcer, tropical pyomyositis, granuloma inguinale, lymphogranuloma venereum, yaws, pinta, melioidosis, and glanders. some tropical bacterial diseases, eg, plague and anthrax, are associated with high mortality rates and are of pote ...200616546577
effect of the crp mutation on the utilization of transferrin-bound iron by vibrio vulnificus.cyclic amp-camp receptor protein (crp) complex plays an essential role in the global regulation of vibrio vulnificus virulence. we found that growth retardation of v. vulnificus caused by mutation of the crp gene encoding crp was exacerbated under iron-limited conditions. accordingly, we investigated the effect of crp mutation on the expression of the vulnibactin-mediated iron-uptake system and the ability of v. vulnificus to utilize transferrin-bound iron, and thus to grow in cirrhotic ascites, ...200616553865
a dish best served hot. 200616564770
coactivation of vibrio vulnificus putap operon by camp receptor protein and putr through cooperative binding to overlapping sites.the camp receptor protein (crp) positively regulates the expression of vibrio vulnificus putap genes encoding a proline dehydrogenase and a proline permease. in the present study, an open reading frame encoding putr was identified downstream of the putap genes and a mutational analysis revealed that the putr protein was also involved in regulating the putap transcription by activating pput promoter. although crp acts as a primary activator and the influence of putr on pput is mediated by crp, th ...200616573699
occurrence of vibrio parahaemolyticus, v. cholerae, and v. vulnificus in norwegian blue mussels (mytilus edulis).vibrio parahaemolyticus, v. cholerae, and v. vulnificus were isolated from 10.3%, 1.0%, and 0.1% of 885 blue mussel samples, respectively. four of the samples contained trh(+) v. parahaemolyticus, while no tdh-positive isolates were detected. the v. cholerae isolates were non-o:1/non-o:139 serotypes and were ctxa negative.200616598019
rapidly progressive necrotising fasciitis following a stonefish sting: a report of two cases.two patients developed rapidly progressive necrotising fasciitis after being stung by a stonefish. both were given a hot-water bath for pain relief. the hot water may have accelerated bacterial growth and the consequent development of necrotising fasciitis. vibrio vulnificus was cultured from one patient. it is recommended that patients should receive high dose of oral and intravenous antibiotic prophylaxis for vibrio prevention. antibiotics should be given before or during, not after, a hot-wat ...200616598091
cloning, sequencing and analysis of the 16s-23s rdna intergenic spacers (igss) of two strains of vibrio vulnificus.according to the conserved sequences flanking the 3' end of the 16s and the 5' end of the 23s rdnas, pcr primers were designed, and the 16s-23s rdna intergenic spacers (igss) of two strains of vibrio vulnificus were amplified by pcr and cloned into pgem-t vector. different clones were selected to be sequenced and the sequences were analyzed with blast and the software dnastar. analyses of the igs sequences suggested that the strain zsu006 contains five types of polymorphic 16s-23s rdna intergeni ...200616625835
two cases of sucrose-fermenting vibrio vulnificus infection in which 16s rdna sequencing was useful for diagnosis.vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative bacterium which is associated with severe infections in humans. we experienced two cases of sucrose-fermenting v. vulnificus infection. the causative agents in both cases were unidentifiable by conventional identification systems because of their unique characteristics, and sequencing of 16s rdna was found to be useful for diagnosis.200616632910
vibrio vulnificus vulnibactin, but not metalloprotease vvpe, is essentially required for iron-uptake from human holotransferrin.the roles of metalloprotease (vvpe) and catechol-siderophore (vulnibactin) in the uptake of iron from human transferrins by vibrio vulnificus have been determined using different experimental conditions and methods. therefore, in this study, we attempted to elucidate the roles of vvpe and vulnibactin using the same methods and experimental conditions, in an in vitro and a human ex vivo system, and in accordance with the molecular version of koch's postulates. neither vvpe mutation nor in trans v ...200616651718
vibrio vulnificus serovar a: an emerging pathogen in european anguilliculture.the spread of the emerging pathogen vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 serovar a in danish anguilliculture is reported. serovar a was originally isolated in a spanish eel farm in 2000 and occurred in denmark in the summer of 2004, affecting eels of 5-10 g body weight cultured in fresh water. the danish eels showed clinical signs different from those reported for spanish eels, such as severe haemorrhages in the head and gill region with necrosis of the soft tissues. danish isolates were biochemically an ...200616677318
antibiotic resistance and plasmid profile of environmental isolates of vibrio species from mai po nature reserve, hong kong.in this study, three environmental isolates of vibrio species were isolated from water and sediment samples of mai po nature reserve, hong kong sar. they were identified to be vibrio cholerae mp-1, vibrio aestuarianus mp-2 and vibrio vulnificus mp-3 by both biochemical test and subsequent full-length 16s rdna sequencing. both disc diffusion susceptibility test and microplate dilution technique were used to investigate the antibiotic resistance profile of these three bacteria. results from both a ...200616680524
atypical manifestation of vibrio vulnificus septicaemia.vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative marine bacterium that may cause local wound infection, gastroenteritis, or septicaemia. fatal septicaemia usually presents with fever, shock, and large haemorrhagic bullae on the legs. this report is about a man who had severe v. vulnificus septicaemia but presented with atypical features of leg pain and diffuse purpuric skin lesions. v. vulnificus septicaemia should be suspected if the following are present: septic shock, leg pains associated with diffuse pu ...200616714493
swarming differentiation of vibrio vulnificus downregulates the expression of the vvhba hemolysin gene via the luxs quorum-sensing system.swarming has proven to be a good in vitro model for bacterial surface adherence and colonization, and the swarming differentiation of a bacterium has been shown to be coupled with changes in the expression of virulence factors associated with its invasiveness, particularly in the early stages of infection. in this study, we attempted to determine whether the expression of vvha, which encodes for hemolysin/cytolysin (vvha), is either upregulated or downregulated during the swarming differentiatio ...200616728960
evidence for an intermediate colony morphology of vibrio vulnificus.vibrio vulnificus causes both food-borne disease and wound infections. most v. vulnificus strains express capsular polysaccharide (cps), which is required for the virulence of this organism. under standard growth conditions, cps expression is lost at a relatively high frequency (10(-3) to 10(-4)), resulting in a switch from an opaque (op, cps+) colony morphology to a translucent (tr, cps-) colony morphology. the wzb gene, which encodes a phosphatase required for cps expression, has been proposed ...200616751551
[proteases of genus vibrio as the pathogenic factor]. 200616780123
[distribution of vibrio vulnificus along the coastal area of shimane prefecture and contamination of retail fish and shellfish with v. vulnificus in shimane prefecture, japan].we studied distribution of vibrio vulnificus in sea water, sediment, and shellfish along the coast and contamination of retail fish and shellfish with v. vulnificus in shimane prefecture, japan between 2001 and 2004. v. vulnificus was isolated from 77 (68.1%) of 113 sea water samples with < or =10(5) mpn/l, 88 (70.4%) of 125 sediment samples with < or = 10(7) mpn/100g, 8 (17.2%) of 46 fish samples with < or = 10(6) cfu/10 g and 68 (43.8%) of 156 shellfish samples with < or = 10(6) mpn/10g. this ...200616780128
caenorhabditis elegans as a simple model host for vibrio vulnificus infection.vibrio vulnificus is a human opportunistic pathogen which causes fatal septicemia and necrotic wound infection, resulting in a high mortality (over 50%). caenorhabditis elegans has been studied as a model experimental host for v. vulnificus infection. v. vulnificus was shown to kill c. elegans effectively on different growth media and culture conditions. a marked reduction was observed in the life spans of worms when they were fed on v. vulnificus rather than on the ordinary laboratory food sour ...200616782063
detection of free-living and plankton-bound vibrios in coastal waters of the adriatic sea (italy) and study of their pathogenicity-associated properties.culturable vibrios were isolated from water and plankton fractions collected during an 18-month sampling study performed along the north-central coast of the adriatic sea (italy). unculturable vibrio vulnificus and v. parahaemolyticus were detected in plankton fractions by polymerase chain reaction amplification of dna sequences for cytotoxin-haemolysin and thermolabile haemolysin respectively. the presence of v. parahaemolyticus, v. vulnificus and v. cholerae virulence genes and the expression ...200616817938
molecular cloning and characterization of a large subunit of salmonella typhimurium glutamate synthase (gogat) gene in escherichia coli.two pathways of ammonium assimilation and glutamate biosynthesis have been identified in microorganisms. one pathway involves the nadp-linked glutamate dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the amination of 2-oxoglutarate to form glutamate. an alternative pathway involves the combined activities of glutamine synthetase, which aminates glutamate to form glutamine, and glutamate synthase, which transfers the amide group of glutamine to 2-oxoglutarate to yield two molecules of glutamate. we have cloned th ...200616820760
post-hurricane katrina challenge: vibrio vulnificus.to describe the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vibrio vulnificus, a rare organism that surfaced following huricane katrina and caused serious problems for many victims.200616827837
suppression and inactivation of vibrio vulnificus hemolysin in cirrhotic ascites, a human ex vivo experimental system.to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the in vivo suppression and inactivation of vibrio vulnificus hemolysin (vvha), we used cirrhotic ascites fluid as a human ex vivo experimental system. vvha expression was suppressed in proportion to the amount of cirrhotic ascites. the expression of vvha in undiluted cirrhotic ascites could be suppressed further by the addition of glucose, a constituent of cirrhotic ascites. vvha was readily inactivated in the presence of cirrhotic ascites by a cholesterol ...200616831209
a gyrb-based pcr for the detection of vibrio vulnificus and its application for direct detection of this pathogen in oyster enrichment broths.a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method based on the gyrb (encoding gyrase b or topoisomerase ii) gene sequence was developed for the detection of vibrio vulnificus in seafood. the gyrb primers detected all laboratory isolates of v. vulnificus and did not cross react with other vibiro and non-vibrio species examined in this study. the sensitivity of detection of v. vulnificus by gyrb pcr was 300 cfu/g in artificially seeded oyster homogenate without enrichment while, 30 cfu/g could be detected ...200616854484
use of a marker plasmid to examine differential rates of growth and death between clinical and environmental strains of vibrio vulnificus in experimentally infected mice.vibrio vulnificus is gram-negative bacterium that contaminates oysters, causing highly lethal sepsis after consumption of raw oysters and wound infection. we previously described two sets of v. vulnificus strains with different levels of virulence in subcutaneously inoculated iron dextran-treated mice. both virulent, clinical strains and attenuated, environmental strains could be recovered in high numbers from skin lesions and livers; however, the attenuated environmental strains required signif ...200616856938
fate of staphylococcus aureus, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, and vibrio vulnificus in raw oysters treated with chitosan.the fate of staphylococcus aureus, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, and vibrio vulnificus in oysters treated with chitosan was investigated. three concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0%) of chitosan in 0.5% hydrochloric acid were prepared and coated onto raw oysters, which were then stored at 4 degrees c for 12 days. untreated oysters and oysters coated with 0.5% hydrochloric acid without chitosan were used as controls. s. aureus cells were most sensitive to 2.0% chitosan followed by 0.5 and ...200616865892
the role of quorum sensing and the effect of environmental conditions on biofilm formation by strains of vibrio vulnificus.it has been suggested that vibrio vulnificus attaches to plankton and algae and is found in large numbers in the environment. factors affecting attachment, biofilm formation and morphology of v. vulnificus have not been thoroughly investigated. this study evaluated the role of quorum sensing (qs) and environmental conditions on biofilm development of v. vulnificus. it was found that biofilm development by v. vulnificus was affected by nutrient and glucose concentration, but not by nacl concentra ...200617290858
a bacterial flagellin, vibrio vulnificus flab, has a strong mucosal adjuvant activity to induce protective immunity.flagellin, the structural component of flagellar filament in various locomotive bacteria, is the ligand for toll-like receptor 5 (tlr5) of host cells. tlr stimulation by various pathogen-associated molecular patterns leads to activation of innate and subsequent adaptive immune responses. therefore, tlr ligands are considered attractive adjuvant candidates in vaccine development. in this study, we show the highly potent mucosal adjuvant activity of a vibrio vulnificus major flagellin (flab). usin ...200616369026
identification of the vibrio vulnificus wbpp gene and evaluation of its role in virulence.a wbpp gene encoding a putative udp-n-acetyl-d-glucosamine c(4) epimerase was identified and cloned from vibrio vulnificus. the functions of the wbpp gene, assessed by the construction of an isogenic mutant and by evaluating its phenotype changes, demonstrated that wbpp is essential in both the pathogenesis and the capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis of v. vulnificus.200616369029
isolation of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus from wild aquatic birds in japan.vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus were isolated from faecal samples of wild aquatic birds in winter. although v. parahaemolyticus and v. vulnificus were present in low numbers in seawater in the area where the faecal samples of the birds were collected, the pathogens were isolated from the faeces of the birds. this study demonstrates that wild aquatic birds are a vehicle for v. parahaemolyticus and v. vulnificus to survive in winter.200616371182
human serum albumin enhances the hemolytic activity of vibrio vulnificus.vibrio vulnificus hemolysin (vvha) is inactivated in the late growth phase by its oligomerization. albumin is known to affect the activities of many bacterial toxins. in this study, we investigated the effects of human or bovine serum albumin (hsa or bsa) on the production and activity of vvha. hsa did not affect v. vulnificus growth and vvha transcription. however, vvha hemolytic activity in culture supernatants was significantly higher in the presence of hsa than in the absence of hsa. by west ...200616394536
proteomic analysis of pathogenic bacterium vibrio vulnificus.in this study we have constructed a proteome reference map of the pathogenic bacterium vibrio vulnificus. from the reference map, we identified several virulence-related proteins, such as toxr and toxs, as well as numerous proteins involved in diverse cellular functions. to search for additional virulence-related proteins, we compared the whole proteomes from the wild-type and toxr mutant of v. vulnificus and found that several proteins were up- or down-regulated in the toxr mutant. we suggest t ...200616421934
vibrio vulnificus infection of the hand. 200616437355
more on the emergency response to the gulf coast devastation by hurricanes katrina and rita: experiences and impressions. 200616439289
genomic island identification in vibrio vulnificus reveals significant genome plasticity in this human pathogen.genomic islands (gis) are large chromosomal regions present in a subset of bacterial strains that increase the fitness of the organism under specific conditions. we compared the complete genome sequences of two vibrio vulnificus strains yj016 and cmcp6 and identified 14 regions (ranging in size from 14 to 117 kb), which had the characteristics of gis. bioinformatic analysis of these 14 gi regions identified the presence of phage-like integrase genes, aberrant gc content and genome signature (din ...200616443635
crystal structure and functional studies reveal that pas factor from vibrio vulnificus is a novel member of the saposin-fold family.pas factor is a novel putative bacterial secretion factor thought to induce secretion of periplasmic proteins. we solved the crystal structure of pas factor from vibrio vulnificus at 1.8a resolution and found it to be comprised of five alpha helices that form an antiparallel bundle with an up-and-down topology, and to adopt the saposin-fold characteristic of a family of proteins that bind to membranes and lipids. pas factor lacks the disulfide bridge characteristic of mammalian saposin-fold prot ...200616318855
vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio vulnificus and microorganisms of fecal origin in mussels (mytilus galloprovincialis) sold in the puglia region (italy).mytilus galloprovincialis is one of the most commonly consumed of all bivalve molluscs. the consumption of raw bivalve molluscs has caused outbreaks of food poisoning due to vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus. this paper reports the results of a survey on the presence of v. parahaemolyticus, v. vulnificus fecal coliform bacteria, escherichia coli and salmonella spp. in 600 m. galloprovincialis samples collected from retail outlets in the puglia region. v. parahaemolyticus and v. vulni ...200616226820
discrimination of viable vibrio vulnificus cells from dead cells in real-time pcr.ethidium bromide monoazide (ema) was utilized to selectively allow the real-time pcr (rt-pcr) amplification of a targeted dna sequence in viable but not dead cells of vibrio vulnificus. the optimized light exposure time to achieve cross-linking of dna by the ema in dead cells and to photolyse the free ema in solution was at least 15 min. the use of 3.0 microg/ml or less of ema did not inhibit the pcr amplification of dna derived from viable cells of v. vulnificus. the minimum amount of ema to co ...200615932774
detection and differentiation of vibrio vulnificus in seawater and plankton of a coastal zone of the mediterranean sea.vibrio vulnificus, a human and animal pathogen, is present in low numbers in the mediterranean sea. seawater and plankton samples were collected from a marine coastal zone of the straits of messina in the mediterranean sea (italy) in order to investigate v. vulnificus as free-living (>0.2 microm) and associated with small (>64 microm) and large plankton (>200 microm) utilizing cultural and molecular techniques. characteristic colonies, grown on thiosulfate, citrate, bile salts and sucrose agar p ...200616129581
vibrio vulnificus septicemia after handling tilapia species fish: a canadian case report and review.vibrio vulnificus can cause a necrotizing soft tissue infection or primary septicemia; these infections are collectively known as vibriosis. this bacterium is commonly found within molluscan shellfish. primary septicemia is often fatal, principally affecting persons with chronic liver disease.200618418489
aphb influences acid tolerance of vibrio vulnificus by activating expression of the positive regulator cadc.a mutant of vibrio vulnificus that was more sensitive to low ph was screened from a library of mutants constructed by random transposon mutagenesis. by use of a transposon-tagging method, an open reading frame encoding a lysr homologue, aphb, was identified and cloned from v. vulnificus. the deduced amino acid sequence of aphb from v. vulnificus was 80% identical to that reported from v. cholerae. a mutational analysis demonstrated that the gene product of aphb contributes to acid tolerance of v ...200616952939
genetic distinctions among clinical and environmental strains of vibrio vulnificus.vibrio vulnificus causes rare but frequently fatal septicemia associated with raw oyster consumption by persons with underlying hepatic or immune system dysfunction. the virulence potential of environmental reservoirs appears widely distributed, because most strains are virulent in animal models; however, several investigations recently demonstrated genetic divergence among strains from clinical versus environmental origin at independent genetic loci. the present study used pcr to screen dna pol ...200616957239
vibrio vulnificus infection and metalloprotease.vibrio vulnificus is ubiquitous in aquatic environments; however, it occasionally causes serious and often fatal infections in humans. these include invasive septicemia contracted through consumption of raw seafood, as well as wound infections acquired through contact with brackish or marine waters. in most cases of septicemia, the patients have underlying disease(s), such as liver dysfunction or alcoholic cirrhosis, and the secondary skin lesions including cellulitis, edema and hemorrhagic bull ...200616958802
development of monoclonal antibodies for simple identification of vibrio alginolyticus.the present study was aimed to produce monoclonal antibodies (mabs) for simple and specific identification of vibrio alginolyticus infection in shrimp.200616965376
vibrio vulnificus wound infections after contact with the baltic sea, germany. 200616966781
transcriptional regulatory cascade for elastase production in vibrio vulnificus: luxo activates luxt expression and luxt represses smcr expression.vibrio vulnificus causes diseases through actions of various virulence factors, including the elastase encoded by the vvpe gene. through transposon mutagenesis of v. vulnificus, vvpe expression was shown to be increased by luxo mutation. since the vvpe gene is known to be positively regulated by smcr via direct binding to the vvpe promoter, the role of luxo in smcr expression was investigated. the luxab-transcriptional fusions containing different lengths of the smcr promoter region indicated th ...200616971386
cutaneous injury and vibrio vulnificus infection. 200616972360
validation of a green fluorescent protein-labeled strain of vibrio vulnificus for use in the evaluation of postharvest strategies for handling of raw oysters.in this paper we describe a biological indicator which can be used to study the behavior of vibrio vulnificus, an important molluscan shellfish-associated human pathogen. a v. vulnificus atcc 27562 derivative that expresses green fluorescent protein (gfp) and kanamycin resistance was constructed using conjugation. strain validation was performed by comparing the gfp-expressing strain (vv-gfp) and the wild-type strain (vv-wt) with respect to growth characteristics, heat tolerance (45 degrees c), ...200616980431
identification of ompu of vibrio vulnificus as a fibronectin-binding protein and its role in bacterial pathogenesis.vibrio vulnificus is a pathogenic bacterium that causes gastroenteritis and primary septicemia. to identify factors involved in microbial adherence to the host cells, we investigated bacterial proteins capable of binding to fibronectin, one of the main components comprised of the extracellular matrix of mammalian cells. a protein of approximately 35 kda was purified from the extracts of v. vulnificus by its property to bind to immobilized fibronectin. this protein was identified as ompu, one of ...200616988233
lysine decarboxylase expression by vibrio vulnificus is induced by soxr in response to superoxide stress.lysine decarboxylase expression by vibrio vulnificus, which is up-regulated by cadc in response to acid stress, is also induced by soxr in response to superoxide stress. soxr binds to the promoter region of the cadba operon, coding for a lysine-cadaverine antiporter (cadb) and a lysine decarboxylase (cada). the induction of cadba transcription by soxr is independent of cadc. cadaverine, which neutralizes the external medium, also appears to scavenge superoxide radicals, since increasing cellular ...200617012399
two type iv pili of vibrio parahaemolyticus play different roles in biofilm formation.vibrio parahaemolyticus rimd2210633 has two sets of type iv-a pilus genes. one set is similar to that found in other gram-negative bacteria, such as pseudomonas aeruginosa, vibrio cholerae (chitin-regulated pilus; chirp), and vibrio vulnificus. the other is homologous to the genes for the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (msha) pilus. in this study, we analyzed the effects of the deletions in the pilin genes for each type iv pilus (the chirp and the msha pilus) on biofilm formation. although the ...200617020553
vibrio vulnificus bacteremia associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and hepatic cirrhosis: relation to host and exposure factors in 252 v. vulnificus infections reported in louisiana.vibrio vulnificus infection in persons with b-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (b-cll) or hypogammaglobulinemia has been reported infrequently.200617031249
antibacterial spectrum of plant polyphenols and extracts depending upon hydroxyphenyl structure.the relationship between the structure and antibacterial activity of 22 polyphenols was analyzed by using minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) as a criterion against 26 species of bacteria which can grow in mueller-hinton medium. there was no clear correlation between gram-staining and bacterial susceptibility to polyphenols, and the extent of the susceptibility was approximately dependent on the species of bacteria. in the same gram-negative bacteria, the antibacterial activity of the polyphe ...200617077519
necrotising fasciitis causing compartment syndrome of the forearm and septic shock due to vibrio vulnificus: a case report.compartment syndrome caused by necrotising fasciitis has rarely been described. we report a case of systemic vibrio vulnificus necrotising fasciitis presented with compartmental syndrome of the forearm and septic shock. the patient was treated with systemic antibiotic treatment and urgent surgical decompression followed by multiple necrotic tissue debridements. the patient recovered with some limited motion of the hand function. prompt recognition and immediate treatment with antibiotics and sur ...200617080535
vibrio vulnificus metalloprotease vvpe has no direct effect on iron-uptake from human hemoglobin.this study was designed to determine whether or not vibrio vulnificus metalloprotease vvpe can promote iron uptake via the proteolytic cleavage of human hemoglobin. we found that v. vulnificus utilized hemoglobin as an iron source more efficiently via the vulnibactin-mediated iron-uptake system than via the hupa-mediated iron-uptake system and, of the proteases produced by v. vulnificus, vvpe was found to be the only protease capable of destroying hemoglobin. however, vvpe expression, on both th ...200617082748
[a collective review of vibrio vulnificus infection in japan].vibrio vulnificus is found globally in marine coastal waters. infection with this organism, via ingestion of raw shellfish or exposure to marine water, can cause necrotizing fasciitis and sepsis, which have high mortality and short latency. in japan, many cases have been reported since 1980, mainly from hospitals in western prefectures. however, because of the sporadic nature of infection outbreaks, a thorough epidemiologic survey has not been done. we studied the epidemiological and clinical ch ...200617176855
surveillance for waterborne disease and outbreaks associated with recreational water--united states, 2003-2004.since 1971, cdc, the u.s. environmental protection agency, and the council of state and territorial epidemiologists have collaboratively maintained the waterborne disease and outbreak surveillance system for collecting and reporting waterborne disease and outbreak (wbdo)-related data. in 1978, wbdos associated with recreational water (natural and treated water) were added. this system is the primary source of data regarding the scope and effects of wbdos in the united states.200617183230
susceptibility of the heat-, acid-, and bile-adapted vibrio vulnificus to lethal low-salinity stress.as a marine pathogenic bacterium that inhabits seawater or seafood, vibrio vulnificus encounters low salinity and other stresses in the natural environment and during food processing. this investigation explores the cross-protective response of sublethal heat-, acid-, or bile-adapted v. vulnificus yj03 against lethal low-salinity stress. experimental results reveal that the acid (ph 4.4)- and heat (41 degrees c)-adapted v. vulnificus were not cross-protected against the lethal low-salinity chall ...200617186660
the structure of vibrio cholerae extracellular endonuclease i reveals the presence of a buried chloride ion.the crystal structure of a periplasmic/extracellular endonuclease from vibrio cholerae has been solved at low and at neutral ph. crystals grown at ph 4.6 and 6.9 diffracted to 1.6 a (on bm01a at the esrf) and 1.95 a (on a rotating-anode generator), respectively. the structures of the endonuclease were compared with the structure of a homologous enzyme in v. vulnificus. the structures of the v. cholerae enzyme at different ph values are essentially identical to each other and to the v. vulnificus ...200617057343
prognostic factors and antibiotics in vibrio vulnificus septicemia.immunocompromised patients with vibrio vulnificus septicemia are at high risk for fatality. when a hemorrhagic bullous necrotic cutaneous lesion (hbncl) and decreased blood pressure develop, approximately 50% of v vulnificus septicemic patients die within 48 hours. this study aimed to evaluate the risk factor(s) for fatality among patients with v vulnificus septicemia, emphasizing the role of prescribed antimicrobial agents in general and the therapeutic efficacy of the combination of a third-ge ...200617060542
article of shaham and coworkers ("methadone maintenance" volume 28, number 3, 1991) 20061526758
effect of postdischarge surveillance on rates of infectious complications after cesarean section.decreases in length of stay for surgical procedures and increased outpatient surgery affect accuracy of surgical wound infection rates. to assess accuracy of rates for infectious complications after delivery by cesarean section, we implemented postdischarge surveillance at our hospital (4800 annual deliveries). physician questionnaires were used. response rate was greater than 90%. during the 5 months before postdischarge surveillance the overall infection rate was 1.6%; afterward the rate incre ...20061326238
acute myocardial infarction after blunt chest trauma in young people: need for prompt intervention.we describe four cases of acute myocardial infarction in young patients, secondary to blunt chest trauma. one case was treated with intracoronary thrombolysis and angioplasty, two cases received systemic thrombolysis, and the last one did not have any reperfusion therapy. the coronary angiograms of the left anterior descending artery showed thrombosis in two cases, coronary dissection in one case, and no morphological lesions in the other. we encourage the early performance of angiographic studi ...20061764738
transcatheter management of pseudoaneurysms complicating pancreatitis.hemorrhage from rupture of an arterial pseudoaneurysm is a potentially fatal complication of pancreatitis. seventeen patients underwent transcatheter embolization of 23 arteries for the treatment of 20 arterial pseudoaneurysms secondary to pancreatitis. their records were reviewed retrospectively to evaluate the clinical benefit of transcatheter therapy. at presentation, 15 of the 17 patients had gastrointestinal, intrasplenic, retroperitoneal, intraperitoneal, or postoperative wound bleeding. t ...20061797219
transcatheter management of pseudoaneurysms complicating pancreatitis.hemorrhage from rupture of an arterial pseudoaneurysm is a potentially fatal complication of pancreatitis. seventeen patients underwent transcatheter embolization of 23 arteries for the treatment of 20 arterial pseudoaneurysms secondary to pancreatitis. their records were reviewed retrospectively to evaluate the clinical benefit of transcatheter therapy. at presentation, 15 of the 17 patients had gastrointestinal, intrasplenic, retroperitoneal, intraperitoneal, or postoperative wound bleeding. t ...20061797219
[fundus plication with or without proximal selective vagotomy?].the aim of this study was to determine the influence of proximal gastric vagotomy on the outcome after fundoplication. of 141 patients operated on for reflux disease between 1972 and 1988, 53 had fundoplication alone (group a) and 88 fundoplication combined with proximal gastric vagotomy (group b). the two groups were similar with regard to the severity of the reflux disease (esophagitis: a 69%, b 73%) but had a different incidence of concomitant ulcer disease (a 2%, b 55%). after a mean follow- ...20061621082
carbohydrate specificity of the receptor sites of mistletoe toxic lectin-i.the carbohydrate specificity of mistletoe toxic lectin-i (ml-i) was studied by haemagglutination-inhibition assay. the results indicated that ml-i has a broad range of affinity for gal alpha,beta linked sequences. the galabiose (e, gal alpha 1----4gal) sequence, a receptor of the uropathogenic e. coli ligand, was one of the best disaccharide inhibitors tested. the lectin also exhibits affinity for lac(gal beta 1----4glc), t(gal beta 1----3galnac), i/ii(gal beta 1----3/4glcnac) and b(gal alpha 1- ...20061525184
"raynaud's disease" in migraineurs: one entity or two?two cases are reported of patients who were diagnosed as having both migraine and raynaud's disease. because they were able to achieve effective control of both headaches and extremity temperature after undergoing a comprehensive approach--utilizing medication, biofeedback, and psychotherapy--it is suggested that both conditions are manifestations of the same disorder. it is recommended that a first step in approaching concurrent diagnoses of this type involve combined treatment as is often used ...20061446993
[derivative spectroscopy and its use in sanitary hygiene control].an analytical method is developed for defining the residual quantities of rodenticide "brodifacoum" (talon) used in the control of harmful field rodents and especially for species microtus. the method is based on extracting the pesticide with chloroform and making use of spectrophotometry in the ultraviolet field in intervals 340-240 nm. the second derivative of the absorption is utilized as well as the band with maximum 288 nm and minimum 228 nm. the peak height in this interval is in proportio ...20072099444
regulation of alcohol consumption by the renin-angiotensin system: a review of recent findings and a possible mechanism of action.the renin-angiotensin system has traditionally been associated with the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance. in this review we summarize the data which ascribes a completely new function to this system, i.e., the regulation of alcohol consumption. in addition, we suggest a possible mechanism for this effect based on the concept of a satiety or stop process. the approach taken was to examine the effect on alcohol intake of a wide variety of drug, genetic, dietary, surgical and neurosurgic ...20071852316
discordant expression of tuberous sclerosis in monozygotic twins.a set of 20-year-old female japanese twins, most probably monozygotic, had clinical evidence of tuberous sclerosis (ts). they were discordant for symptoms. one of the twins exhibited facial red-brown papules (adenoma sebaceum), a dorsal shagreen patch, intracerebral calcifications, angiomyolipoma in the right kidney, and hypopigmented macules; the other had only a few hypopigmented macules. modification of ts gene expression by the effects of environmental (extrinsic) factors is suggested.20071885853
imaging of the temporomandibular joint in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. 20071932822
[the development of osseointegrated implants]. 20071932767
[the topographic anatomical basis for ventriculosinusal shunting in hydrocephalus in nursing and young infants].the peculiarities in the structure and topographic anatomical relations of the superior longitudinal, lateral, and sigmoid sinuses were studied on block preparations of the posterior cranial fossa of 14 children under 3 years of age who died from somatic diseases. it was shown that intrasinus inclusions preventing catheterization of the sinus (bands and septa) were absent at the junction of the first angle of the sigmoid sinus with its descending part. the authors recommend this area for shuntin ...20072168650
genetic analysis of spontaneous lactose-utilizing mutants from vibrio vulnificus.wild-type v. vulnificus cannot grow using lactose as the sole carbon source or take up the sugar. however, prolonged culture of this species in media containing lactose as the sole carbon source leads to the generation of a spontaneous lactose-utilizing (lu) mutant. this mutant showed strong beta- galactosidase activity, whereas the wild-type strain showed a barely detectable level of the activity. a mutant with a lesion in a gene homologous to the lacz of e. coli in the bacterium no longer show ...200718167454
the growth of vibrio vulnificus and the habitat of infected patients in kumamoto.in japan, vibrio vulnificus (v. vulnificus) infection is very rare, and most infections have occurred in kumamoto prefecture (1), and especially around the ariake and yatsushiro seas. to investigate the relationship between the occurrence of v. vulnificus infection and environmental factors, including the salinity of seawater and the amount of rain in the ariake and yatsushiro seas, we measured the most probable number (mpn) of v. vulnificus in seawater and sea mud. in the ariake sea, we also ob ...200720103883
a real-time pcr assay for the rapid determination of 16s rrna genotype in vibrio vulnificus.in a terminal restriction fragment polymorphism (t-rflp) study, we recently reported a significant association between the type b 16s rrna gene and clinical strains of vibrio vulnificus associated with the consumption of raw oysters. in the present study we describe a real-time pcr assay for the rapid determination of the 16s rrna type of v. vulnificus isolates. this assay was used to reexamine the 16s rrna gene type in the strains studied previously by t-rflp and additional isolates from select ...200717070612
a chromogenic substrate culture plate for early identification of vibrio vulnificus and isolation of other marine vibrios.vibrio vulnificus infection can result in necrotizing fasciitis and sepsis, which have short latentcy periods and high mortality rates. thus, an easy and quick detection method is needed to improve the outcome. to distinguish v. vulnificus from other pathogens that cause necrotizing fasciitis, we developed a selective isolation culture agar plate (chromochecker vibrio agar-1; cva-1) for use in environmental monitoring and in the clinical setting. one hundred four strains of v. vulnificus, alread ...200718000289
cadaverine protects vibrio vulnificus from superoxide stress.an electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) signal characteristic of the 5,5'-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-n-oxide (dmpo)-oh spin adduct, which is formed from the reaction of dmpo with superoxide radicals generated by xanthine oxidase-mediated reaction, was significantly reduced by the cadaverine or escherichia coli mn-containing superoxide dismutase (mnsod). likewise, cytochrome c reduction by superoxide was inhibited by cadaverine, and the inhibition level increased in proportion to the level of cadaveri ...200718051370
the virulence of vibrio vulnificus is affected by the cellular level of superoxide dismutase activity.the virulence of superoxide dismutase (sod) mutants of vibrio vulnificus, as tested by intraperitoneal injection into mice, decreases in the order of sodc mutant, soda mutant, and sodb mutant lacking cuznsod, mnsod, and fesod, respectively. the survival of sod mutants under superoxide stress also decreases in the same order. the virulence of soxr mutant, which is unable to induce mnsod in response to superoxide, is similar to that of the soda mutant, as the survival of the soxr mutant under supe ...200718051612
ivet-based identification of virulence factors in vibrio vulnificus mo6-24/o.vibrio vulnificus is an opportunistic pathogen that causes septicemia in humans. to identify the genes associated with its pathogenicity, in vivo expression technology (ivet) was used to select genes specifically expressed in a host, yet not significantly in vitro. random lacz-fusions in the genome of v. vulnificus strain mo6-24/o were constructed using an ivet vector, psg3, which is a suicide vector containing promoterless-aph and -lacz as reporter genes. a total of approximately 18,000 resulti ...200718051754
identification and functional analysis of vibrio vulnificus smcr, a novel global regulator.recently, quorum sensing has been implicated as an important global regulator controlling the production of numerous virulence factors such as capsular polysaccharides in bacterial pathogens. the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of smcr, a homolog of v. harveyi luxr identified from v. vulnificus atcc29307, were analyzed. the amino acid sequence of smcr from v. vulnificus was 72 to 92% similar to those of luxr homologs from vibrio spp. functions of smcr were assessed by the constructio ...200718051765
a widespread deferoxamine-mediated iron-uptake system in vibrio vulnificus.vibrio vulnificus can use the standard iron chelator deferoxamine (desferal) for efficient iron-uptake via the specific receptor desa, which is encoded by desa. we investigated the ubiquity of the deferoxamine-mediated iron-uptake system in v. vulnificus strains and the potential risk of the system. by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), desa was found in 10 of 10 clinical strains and in 9 of 10 environmental strains, and their growth was stimulated by deferoxamine. by reverse-transcriptase pcr, de ...200718008234
low-density lipoprotein protects vibrio vulnificus-induced lethality through blocking lipopolysaccharide action.lipoprotein plays a role in the host defense against bacterial infection, and its serum level has been demonstrated to be an important prognosis factor of survival. we have previously demonstrated that ldl directly inactivates the hemolytic activity of vibrio vulnificus cytolysin (vvc) in vitro. the object of this study was therefore to examine whether the ldl-mediated inactivation of vvc leads to protection against lethal infection of v. vulnificus in vivo, using wild and vvc-deficient v. vulni ...200718059143
[vibrio vulnificus pollution of imported frozen black tiger shrimps in japan].the ariake sea area of japan is endemic for vibrio vulnificus infection. v vulnificus was isolated from slime from tidal flats, seawater, and fish sea year-round as we reported previously. to identify new routes and factors of v vulnificus infection, we studied v. vulnificus pollution of imported frozen black tiger shrimps purchased from a fish market in kurume, fukuoka, japan. v. vulnificus was isolated from 9 of 100 tails (9%) of philippines products, 3 of 100 tails (3%) of indonesia products, ...200718095471
[sepsis and cellulitis by vibrio vulnificus in cirrhotic patient]. 200718198957
vibrio vulnificus peritonitis after eating raw sea fish in a patient undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd). 200717205959
supra dietary levels of vitamins c and e enhance antibody production and immune memory in juvenile milkfish, chanos chanos (forsskal) to formalin-killed vibrio vulnificus.juveniles of milkfish, chanos chanos (forsskal), were fed two independent supra dietary levels of vitamins c (500 and 1500 mg kg(-1) feed, t1 and t2) and e (50 and 150 mg kg(-1), t3 and t4). milkfish fed diets with supra (in addition to the vitamins present in the control diet) and normal levels (t5 containing 90 and 1.2mg of vitamins c and e, respectively, kg(-1) of feed) of vitamins were immunized (ip) with formalin-killed vibrio vulnificus (fkvv). priming and booster antibody responses to the ...200717208456
the insect metalloproteinase inhibitor gene of the lepidopteran galleria mellonella encodes two distinct inhibitors.the insect metalloproteinase inhibitor (impi) from the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella, represents the first and to date only specific inhibitor of microbial metalloproteinases reported from animals. here, we report on the characterization including carbohydrate analysis of two recombinant constructs encoded by impi cdna either upstream or downstream of the furin cleavage site identified. rimpi-1, corresponding to native impi purified from hemolymph, is encoded by the n-terminal part of th ...200717214556
simultaneous flow cytometric assessment for cellular types and phagocytic abilities of the haemocytes of the hard clam, meretrix lusoria.the aim of this study was to devise a simple protocol for flow cytometric analysis to separate various haemocytic populations of the hard clam meretrix lusoria based on the mitochondrial membrane potential diversity detected by the fluorescence probe 3,3-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide (dioc6). compared with the traditional technique for separation of haemocytic populations, continuous percoll gradient centrifugation, our novel method was more efficient and yielded a higher ratio in separating the ...200717218115
first description of nonmotile vibrio vulnificus strains virulent for eels.nonmotile vibrio vulnificus strains were isolated as pure cultures from body ulcers and internal organs of wild diseased european eels caught in a mediterranean freshwater coastal lagoon. all 54 v. vulnificus isolates were nonmotile, indole-, ornithine decarboxilase-, mannitol- and cellobiose-positive, developed the opaque variant in culture, belonged to the o-antigenic serovar a and were highly virulent for eels by both intraperitoneal injection and immersion challenges. the nonmotile phenotype ...200717233719
positive regulation of fur gene expression via direct interaction of fur in a pathogenic bacterium, vibrio vulnificus.in pathogenic bacteria, the ability to acquire iron, which is mainly regulated by the ferric uptake regulator (fur), is essential to maintain growth as well as its virulence. in vibrio vulnificus, a human pathogen causing gastroenteritis and septicemia, fur gene expression is positively regulated by fur when the iron concentration is limited (h.-j. lee et al., j. bacteriol. 185:5891-5896, 2003). footprinting analysis revealed that an upstream region of the fur gene was protected by the fur prote ...200717237166
role of ntrc in biofilm formation via controlling expression of the gene encoding an adp-glycero-manno-heptose-6-epimerase in the pathogenic bacterium, vibrio vulnificus.to identify the genetic elements required for biofilm formation, we screened a pool of random vibrio vulnificus mutants for their ability to form biofilms. one mutant displaying significantly decreased biofilm-forming activity was found to contain a transposon insertion in the ntrc gene. the ntrc gene encodes a well-known transcriptional activator. we examined how this regulator modulates a biofilm-forming process in v. vulnificus by searching for ntrc target gene(s). comparison of the proteomes ...200717241201
necrotizing fasciitis from vibrio vulnificus in a patient with undiagnosed hepatitis and cirrhosis.necrotizing fasciitis due to vibrio vulnificus may result in overwhelming sepsis, leading to death in some patients. significant risk factors for severe disease include preexisting liver disease. we report a case of vibrio vulnificus necrotizing fasciitis in a patient with previously undiagnosed chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis.200717251404
vibrio vulnificus metalloprotease vvpe is essentially required for swarming.bacterial swarming constitutes a good in vitro model for surface adherence and colonization, and is accompanied by expressions of virulence factors related to invasiveness. in this study, it was determined that vibrio vulnificus swarming was abolished by mutation of the vvpe gene encoding a metalloprotease vvpe and this swarming defect was recovered by complementation of the vvpe gene. expression of the vvpe gene began simultaneously with the beginning of swarming and increased along with expres ...200717263846
vibrio vulnificus-necrotizing fasciitis in patient with cirrhosis. 200717268133
multiplex pcr assay for detection of vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 and simultaneous discrimination of serovar e strains.in the present work we develop a multiplex pcr assay for the detection and identification of the fish pathogen vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 with discriminating potential for zoonotic strains (serovar e). the pcr assay allowed the identification of two new biotype 2 serovar e human isolates from culture collections. finally, the multiplex was successfully applied to both diagnosis and carrier detection in field samples.200717277209
membrane cholesterol is required for activity of vibrio vulnificus cytolysin.vibrio vulnificus cytolysin (vvc) forms a pore in the plasma membrane and induces cytolysis of various cells including erythrocytes, neutrophil and endothelial cells. the cytolytic activity of vvc is inhibited by exogenously added cholesterol, suggesting that membrane cholesterol might be required for vvc cytolytic activity. however, there is no direct evidence that membrane cholesterol is involved in vvc-induced cytolysis. herein we demonstrate that membrane cholesterol is required for binding ...200717285326
comparing antibiotic resistance in commensal and pathogenic bacteria isolated from wild-caught south carolina shrimps vs. farm-raised imported shrimps.the objective of this study was to assess and differentiate wild-caught south carolina (sc) shrimps from imported shrimps on the basis of microbiological analysis. seven wild-caught sc shrimp and 13 farm-raised imported shrimp samples were analyzed. total plate counts from wild-caught shrimp samples ranged from 4.3 to 7.0 log10 cfu/g, whereas counts from imported shrimp samples ranged from 3.2 to 5.7 log10 cfu/g. there was no difference (p > 0.05) between total bacterial counts of wild-caught sc ...200717898847
evaluation of postharvest-processed oysters by using pcr-based most-probable-number enumeration of vibrio vulnificus bacteria.postharvest processing (php) is used to reduce levels of vibrio vulnificus in oysters, but process validation is labor-intensive and expensive. therefore, quantitative pcr was evaluated as a rapid confirmation method for most-probable-number enumeration (qpcr-mpn) of v. vulnificus bacteria in php oysters. qpcr-mpn showed excellent correlation (r(2) = 0.97) with standard mpn and increased assay sensitivity and efficiency.200717905883
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