Publications

isolation of shiga toxin-resistant vero cells and their use for easy identification of the toxin.	shiga toxin-resistant vero cells were isolated by treatment of the cells with nitrosoguanidine. these mutant cells were not affected by shiga toxin at more than 1 microgram/ml, although the parent vero cells were sensitive to 25 pg of the toxin per ml. immunofluorescence studies showed that all the mutant cells had lost toxin-binding capacity. the cytotoxic activities of various bacterial cultures against the parent and mutant cells were compared. all samples from 10 strains of shigella dysenter ...	1988	3045003
cloning and sequencing of a shiga-like toxin type ii variant from escherichia coli strain responsible for edema disease of swine.	a shiga-like toxin type ii variant (slt-iiv) is produced by strains of escherichia coli responsible for edema disease of swine and is antigenically related to shiga-like toxin type ii (slt-ii) of enterohemorrhagic e. coli. however, slt-iiv is only active against vero cells, whereas slt-ii is active against both vero and hela cells. the structural genes for slt-iiv were cloned from e. coli s1191, and the nucleotide sequence was determined and compared with those of other members of the shiga toxi ...	1988	3045088
congo red binding and salt aggregation as indicators of virulence in shigella species.	smooth strains of shigella dysenteriae type 1, shigella flexneri, shigella boydii, and shigella sonnei which form pigmented colonies (pcr+) on congo red agar were virulent in the sereny test. smooth variants unable to bind congo red (pcr-) were avirulent. measurements of dye uptake from solution showed that s. dysenteriae type 1 bound the most dye, followed in order of uptake by s. flexneri, s. boydii, and s. sonnei. using the salt aggregation test (sat) to determine cell surface hydrophobicity, ...	1988	3045151
the primary structure of the operons coding for shigella dysenteriae toxin and temperature phage h30 shiga-like toxin.	nucleotide(nt) sequences were determined for the toxin (sht) operon present in the chromosome of shigella dysenteriae 1 and for the shiga-like toxin (slt) operon found in the lambdoid phage h30 genome. the coding sequences of the sht and slt genes differ in 4 nt with 1 nt change responsible for an amino acid replacement. the deduced amino acid sequence in the a chain of the toxins is highly homologous to that of the a chain of ricin, a plant toxin. sht-coding mrnas were detected by mapping the 5 ...	1988	3049254
dna probes to identify shiga-like toxin i- and ii-producing enteric bacterial pathogens isolated from patients with diarrhea in thailand.	when shigella species, escherichia coli, and five other bacterial enteric pathogens isolated from children with diarrhea in thailand were tested for hybridization under stringent conditions with probes for shiga-like toxins i and ii, only 30 shigella dysenteriae 1 hybridized with the shiga-like toxin i probe.	1988	3049664
deletion of the shiga toxin gene in a chlorate-resistant derivative of shigella dysenteriae type 1 that retains virulence.	we used a probe specific for detecting the structural-gene sequences of shiga toxin to analyze the genetic nature of toxin synthesis in mutant derivatives of shigella dysenteriae type 1. a chlorate-resistant (chl) mutant (725-78) of s. dysenteriae type 1 strain 3818t, which had retained virulence but had lost production of high levels of cytotoxic activity associated with shiga toxin synthesis, contained a complete deletion of the shiga toxin structural-gene sequences. these structural-gene sequ ...	1988	3049838
[differentiation of virulent strains of shigella and entero-invasive escherichia from their avirulent variants using modified indirect immunoenzyme analysis].	the data obtained in this investigation confirm that the modified indirect enzyme immunoassay (eia) permits the differentiation of virulent bacteria of the genus shigella and enteroinvasive escherichia (group 1), regularly containing virulence plasmids with a molecular weight of 120-140 md, from their avirulent variants which have lost these plasmids (group 2). the ratio of the optic density (od) values of the positive control samples (the od of group 1) to the od values of the negative ones (th ...	1988	3051808
the ecology and pathogenicity of urease-producing bacteria in the urinary tract.	urease activity is a physiological function of many bacteria that enables these organisms to utilize urea as a source of nitrogen. the association of ureolytic bacteria with human or animal hosts varies widely from a commensal relationship as demonstrated with skin microflora, a symbiotic relationship in the gastrointestinal tract, to a pathogenic relationship in the urinary tract. since similar or identical species of bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus are found in all three environments, t ...	1988	3053050
the ecology and pathogenicity of urease-producing bacteria in the urinary tract.	urease activity is a physiological function of many bacteria that enables these organisms to utilize urea as a source of nitrogen. the association of ureolytic bacteria with human or animal hosts varies widely from a commensal relationship as demonstrated with skin microflora, a symbiotic relationship in the gastrointestinal tract, to a pathogenic relationship in the urinary tract. since similar or identical species of bacteria such as staphylococcus aureus are found in all three environments, t ...	1988	3053050
development of dna probes for cytotoxin and enterotoxin genes in enteric bacteria.	dna probes to identify the genes encoding toxins in enteric bacteria have been developed. use of these probes reduces the number of animals required for toxicity testing, as suspect bacteria can be directly tested for the presence of toxin. we have augmented the gene probes available by developing probes against the escherichia coli enterotoxin ltii and shiga toxin from shigella dysenteriae 1. the ltii gene from e. coli 357900 was identified and characterised and a suitable internal probe was ob ...	1988	3053231
antibody response to lipopolysaccharide antigen in shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection.		1988	3053437
role of shiga toxin in the pathogenesis of bacillary dysentery, studied by using a tox- mutant of shigella dysenteriae 1.	a tox- mutant of shigella dysenteriae 1, sc501, was genetically engineered by cloning the shiga toxin operon, inserting a cassette into the a subunit gene, and exchanging this in vitro-mutagenized sequence with the wild-type gene. sc501 produced a low amount of residual cytotoxicity which was not neutralized by a rabbit immune serum directed against shiga toxin. invasion of cultured cells demonstrated that shiga toxin had no effect on the rate of intracellular growth of bacteria or on the rapid ...	1988	3053452
extraintestinal manifestations of shigellosis during an epidemic of bacillary dysentery in port blair, andaman & nicobar island (india).		1988	3053630
plasmid analysis of shigella dysenteriae type 1 isolates obtained from widely scattered geographical locations.	plasmid profiles and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of 343 strains of shigella dysenteriae type 1, obtained from 18 different geographical locations, were analyzed. three plasmids, with molecular sizes of 140, 6, and 2 megadaltons (mda), were present in 94, 98, and 96%, respectively, of the 343 strains isolated during either epidemic or nonepidemic periods from 1965 to 1987. in addition to these plasmids, 83% of the strains harbored a 4-mda plasmid and 25% harbored a 20-mda plasmid. vario ...	1988	3053762
head posture and hyo-mandibular function in man. a synchronized electromyographic and videofluorographic study of the open-close-clench cycle.	synchronized electromyography and videofluorography (lateral projection) were used to investigate the influence of altered head posture on hyo-mandibular movements, suprahyoid muscle length, suprahyoid working angle, and timing of suprahyoid and masseter muscle activity. twelve adult male subjects with normal dentofacial morphology were investigated during the open-close-clench cycle. using upright head position (frankfort horizontal) as reference, several statistically significant observations ...	1988	3055938
head posture and hyo-mandibular function in man. a synchronized electromyographic and videofluorographic study of the open-close-clench cycle.	synchronized electromyography and videofluorography (lateral projection) were used to investigate the influence of altered head posture on hyo-mandibular movements, suprahyoid muscle length, suprahyoid working angle, and timing of suprahyoid and masseter muscle activity. twelve adult male subjects with normal dentofacial morphology were investigated during the open-close-clench cycle. using upright head position (frankfort horizontal) as reference, several statistically significant observations ...	1988	3055938
anticytotoxin-neutralizing antibodies in immune globulin preparations: potential use in hemolytic-uremic syndrome.	the pathogenesis of primary (classic) hemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus) is thought to be related to cytotoxin-producing enteric pathogens such as shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and escherichia coli serotypes o157:h7 and 026:h11. the relevant cytotoxins include shiga toxin and the closely related shiga-like toxins (slts) produced by some e. coli strains. intravenously administered immune globulin (ivig) therapy has been reported to be beneficial in a few children with hus. we therefore examined co ...	1988	3057156
transferable or mobilisable antibiotic resistance in shigella dysenteriae types 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 isolated in ethiopia during 1974-85.	a total of 199 shigella dysenteriae isolates resistant to one or more antibiotics and belonging to types 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7 was examined by one-step broth mating with escherichia coli k12 and, if non-conjugative, additionally by triparental crosses with the conjugative plasmids x and delta. of the s. dysenteriae type 1 (shiga's bacillus) strains, 96% harboured conjugative plasmids. during 1974-79, isolates of shiga's bacillus carried conjugative plasmids coding for acssut (ampicillin, chloramph ...	1988	3058982
[etiologic structure of bacterial dysentery in the ussr in 1983-1985].	the etiological structure of dysentery in the ussr in 1983-1985 is characterized. sonne dysentery was found to prevail in the territories with adequate water supply, while dysentery caused by shigella flexneri prevailed at the territories with unsatisfactory water supply. s. dysenteriae and s. boydii were found to play a limited role in the etiology of dysentery. in the presence of global pandemic, an increase in the isolation rate of s. dysenteriae i in the ussr is observed. the data on the bio ...	1988	3061262
[the world-wide pandemic and drug resistance of the causative agent of grigor'ev-shiga dysentery].	one of the factors facilitating the global pandemic of grigor'ev-shiga dysentery is considered in detail. all shigella dysenteriae 1 strains, irrespective of the geographical zone of their spread, showed medicinal resistance. as pandemic developed, the spectrum of medicinal resistance constantly increased in all hyperendemic foci. the presence of pronounced relationships between the strains circulating in each of three hyperendemic foci and the strains circulating in different hyperendemic foci ...	1988	3064514
differing expression of insulin-like growth factor i in the developing and in the adult rat cerebellum.	insulin-like growth factor i (igf-i; somatomedin c) is a trophic peptide of importance for the development of several tissues and organs. in the present study we have mapped the cellular distribution and dynamic changes of igf-i immunoreactivity in the rat cerebellum from its postnatal development to maturity. in vitro hybridization of igf-i mrna was used to demonstrate that the igf-i immunoreactive material was synthesized in the cerebellum during a limited time period of cerebellar differentia ...	1988	3067513
shiga toxin as inhibitor of protein synthesis.		1988	3068485
selective destruction of vagal sensory neurons using shigella cytotoxin.		1988	3068486
genetic relatedness of the basic replicon of the virulence plasmid in shigellae and enteroinvasive escherichia coli.	the regions required for replication (rep) and for stable maintenance (stb) of the 230 kilobase virulence plasmid, pmysh6000, in shigella flexneri 2a ysh6000 were identified on the restriction enzyme sa/l fragments, c and o, respectively. the stable plasmid, pmysh6610, consisting of adjacent fragments c and o was found to belong to the incompatibility group fl. in all strains of shigellae and enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) tested, virulence plasmids were found to be highly homologous wit ...	1988	3070262
identity of molecular structure of shiga-like toxin i (vt1) from escherichia coli o157:h7 with that of shiga toxin.	the primary structures of the a and b subunits of shiga toxin and of shiga-like toxin i (vt1), isolated from the culture supernatants of shigella dysenteriae 1 and escherichia coli o157:h7, respectively, were analyzed by edman degradation of intact proteins and peptides in their digests with trypsin or achromobacter protease i and also by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of the digests. the results indicated that the a and b subunits of shiga toxin and shiga-like toxin i have the same pri ...	1988	3070268
a small nonconjugative plasmid encoded for streptomycin-resistant character in shigella dysenteriae.	conjugative transfers of drug-resistant plasmids in shigella dysenteriae type 1 isolated from the epidemic in west bengal were unsuccessful. the plasmids were non-transmissible in spite of having the fertility factor f, genetically labelled with kanamycin-resistant transposon tn903 (pws 7). a small 2.5 kb nonconjugative plasmid encoded for the streptomycin-resistant character. cured plasmid-less strains of s. dysenteriae 1 showed resistance to sulfonamides.	1988	3071516
the rate of dam-mediated dna adenine methylation in escherichia coli.		1988	3074008
plasmid profile as a useful marker of a shigella dysenteriae type 1 strain causing an epidemic of shigellosis.	plasmid profiles of 60 shigella dysenteriae type 1 isolates obtained during an epidemic period (april - october 1983) were compared with that of 74 other shigella species isolated during the same period of time and also with that of 20 s. dysenteriae type 1 isolates obtained before the epidemic period (1969 - 1982). all samples were collected during an epidemic of shigellosis from diarrhoeal patients being treated at the dhaka treatment centre of the international centre for diarrhoeal disease r ...	1988	3077946
[familial occurence of osteosarcoma (author's transl)].		1988	266820
[legal aspects: are the hands which provide care harmless].		1988	259575
inclusion vs. exclusion of the female in education of the male on the resumption of sex post first myocardial infarction.		1988	259408
[comparative data from radioisotopic and x-ray methods of study in osteogenic group tumors].	a comparative analysis of the data of roentgenography-angiography, scanning and radiometry with strontium-85 in 54 patients showing osteogenic sarcoma and osteoblastoclastoma has demonstrated a relationship between the quantitative characteristics of the radioactive sr inclusion and the intensity of reactive osteoformation, mineralization of neoplastic tissues, an activity of the pathological process, and the rate of vascularization, as well.	1988	266309
guidance on symptoms of illness in babies: a further service from the fsid.		1988	259593
mandibular staple bone plate implant and prosthesis. report of a case.	a case treated by the mandibular staple implant fastener system and prosthesis is presented. the phases of therapy, involving preprosthetic surgical preparation, construction of conventional dentures, implantation of the orthopedic appliance, preparation of an interim postsurgical prosthesis, and construction of the definitive prosthesis, are described and illustrated.	1988	266676
parallel studies of hla antigens in patients with rheumatic heart disease and scleritis: comparisons with three control populations.	parallel studies were carried out on hla antigens in patients with rheumatic heart disease and scleritis. comparison with one control population showed a significant excess of bw15 in both disease samples, while a comparison with two other control populations, showed the excess not to be significant. possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed, together with the effect on statistical significance of a small percentage of false antigen assignments in one of the samples. a small systematic ...	1988	266606
hla b27 in ankylosing spondylitis: differences in frequency and relative risk in american blacks and caucasians.	twenty-eight hla alleles of the a and b loci were determined in 23 american blacks and 50 caucasians with primary ankylosing spondylitis (as). the prevalence of hla b27 was significantly increased in american black patients (48 per cent) vs black controls (two per cent), but was much less than the 94 per cent found in caucasian patients (controls eight per cent). the lower prevalence of b27 in american black patients vs caucasian patients was significant (p less than 0.001), and indicated that s ...	1988	266595
recent advances in genetic counselling.		1988	259242
postoperative scars and cleavage lines.	we elucidated the pattern of skin cleavage lines of the neck of japanese cadavers and studied the scarring in 42 cases of radical neck dissection for the removal of metastatic nodules from the malignant tumors of the oral region, in the operation of which one incision was made parallel to, and another perpendicular to, the cleavage lines. from this study we came to the following conclusions: 1) the cleavage lines run parallel in ring-form around the neck, with the exception of the back and the l ...	1989	267516
relationship of oral complications to peripheral blood leukocyte and platelet counts in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy.	patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy often suffer from oral complications as a result of their disease and its treatment. the effects of the chemotherapy on the bone marrow and oral mucosa, coupled with the patient's immunosuppressed state and altered oral microbial flora, predispose these patients to oral mucositis, infection, and hemorrhage. the oral mucosa appears to mirror the effects of the chemotherapy on the bone marrow, as there appears to be a direct relationship between the changing ...	1989	313547
occlusal and craniofacial growth changes during puberty.		1989	267438
possible torsade in a patient with aids.		1989	2115530
primary aldosteronism-recognition and management.		1989	267288
[estrogen therapy and carcinoma of the endometrium (author's transl)].	the public discussion and the discussion among gynaecologists about the possible increased risk to develop carcinoma of the endometrium following post menopausal treatment with estrogens has lead to insecurity and restricted attitudes in the prescriptions of estrogens. in a statistic comparison of matched pairs of 130 cases of carcinoma of the endometrium with an equal number of selected control cases the following findings were elucidated: 1. any estrogen preparations do not increase the relati ...	1989	210085
improved sexual function in hemodialysis patients on recombinant erythropoietin: a possible role for prolactin.	as it was reported that correction of anemia in long-term hemodialysis patients by recombinant human erythropoietin (r-huepo) is associated with improved sexual function, we conducted the present study to further delineate the mechanism(s) by which this is brought about. serum prolactin, testosterone, and parathyroid hormone (pth) levels were followed during 4 months of r-huepo therapy. within 4 months of treatment with r-huepo, hematocrit values rose from 23.7 +/- 1.2 to 35.7 +/- 0.2% and hemog ...	1989	2914405
arthrodesis of metatarsophalangeal joints in a dog.	chronic osteomyelitis and septic arthritis involving the 3rd and 4th metatarsophalangeal joints were diagnosed in a doberman pinscher. arthrodesis of the 3rd and 4th metatarsophalangeal joints resulted in a subtle persistent gait abnormality, but limb function was preserved. arthrodesis of metatarsophalangeal joints is an alternative to amputation, especially when main weight-bearing digits are involved.	1989	2914800
the protective effect of thromboxane synthetase inhibition on renal function in systemic sepsis.	to study the role of thromboxane in systemic sepsis and renal failure, peritonitis was induced surgically in 22 sheep, leading to local and systemic sepsis. a selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, u63,557a (upjohn co, kalamazoo, mi) was given before surgery in five animals and 30 minutes after surgery in five animals. a typical picture of volume-loaded, normotensive, vasodilated septic shock developed in all animals. twenty four hours after induction of sepsis, the control group showed a m ...	1989	2916566
sensitivity of campylobacter pylori to colloidal bismuth subcitrate.		1989	2921366
three potassium currents in mouse motor nerve terminals.	a study of the k conductance of the presynaptic membrane has been performed in the triangularis sterni muscle of the mouse. external currents generated in the presynaptic terminals upon invasion by action potentials have been recorded using microelectrodes inserted into the perineurium of preterminal nerve bundles. the voltage-dependent k current could be pharmacologically dissected into fast (ikf) and slow (iks) components. while both are sensitive to 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-dap), only ikf is ...	1989	2928092
nontraditional pedagogy for implementing human genetics education.		1989	2929601
adp-ribosylatable content of elongation factor-2 changes during cell cycle of normal and cancerous human cells.	the amount of protein elongation factor ef-2 that can be inactivated by diphtheria toxin-mediated adp-ribosylation, a measure of its active content, decreases by 45% and 66% in g1-arrested normal human fibroblasts and in hela cells respectively. on restimulation of cells with fresh serum, the amounts of adp-ribosylatable ef-2 begin to increase within 4 h. whereas the level of active ef-2 returns to normal (exponential phase of growth) in 20 h in the case of fibroblasts, only 47% recovery was obs ...	1989	2930555
production and characterisation of monoclonal antibodies to verotoxins 1 and 2 from escherichia coli of serotype o 157:h7.	fourteen hybridoma cell lines were isolated that produced monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to purified verotoxins 1 and 2 (vt1, vt2) of escherichia coli of serotype o157:h7. of these mabs, eight were obtained by immunisation of balb/c mice with purified vt1, and six were obtained from balb/c mice immunised with purified vt2. with the exception of mab 1c5, with a heavy chain of igg2b class, antibodies produced from mice immunised with heat-treated toxin were of igm class. mabs produced from mice immu ...	1989	2479749
effect of detoxification processes on the interferon-inducing activity of bacterial endotoxins.	the interferon (ifn)-inducing activity of detoxified lipopolysaccharide (lps) was tested in rabbits treated with lps preparation derived from escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, salmonella enteritidis and shigella dysenteriae serovar 1. of the detoxification procedures used, alkaline hydrolysis, hydroxylaminolysis, formalization, treatment with sodium deoxycholate and the radiodetoxification (fast or slow) methods had no appreciable effects on the ifn-inducing potential of lps. in contrast, acet ...	1989	2484274
studies on shiga-like toxin produced by enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli: purification and characterization of the toxin and development of methods for identifying the toxin.	a simple purification method using deae cellulose column chromatography and immunoaffinity column chromatography was developed for purifying shiga-like toxin produced by escherichia coli o157:h7. about 0.75 mg of purified toxin was obtained from 5 liters of culture (62% recovery). the purified toxin was demonstrated to be immunologically, biologically and structurally indistinguishable from shiga toxin. a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for detection of shiga-lik ...	1989	2485395
[imported myiasis: analysis of 5 cases].	five cases of furuncular myiasis imported by spanish travelers from tropical countries are reported. after reviewing the cycle of the infecting organism and the characteristics of the human disease, a table with the clinical and epidemiological data of our patients is presented. the relevance of an adequate clinical and geographical anamnesis in these patients is discussed. finally, the effectiveness of a simple, nonaggressive treatment is reported, which permits the patient to verify by himself ...	1989	2490857
nonrandom rearrangement of chromosome 14 at band q32.33 in human lymphoid malignancies with mature b-cell phenotype.	chromosomes were studied in 61 patients with differentiated b-cell malignancies including 21 with non-hodgkin's lymphoma (nhl), three with hairy cell leukemia (hcl), eight with waldenström's macroglobulinemia (wm), and 29 with plasma cell disorder. chromosomally abnormal clones were identified in 35 of 61 patients studied: all with nhl, all with hcl, three of eight with wm, and eight of 29 with plasma cell disorder. the most recurrent chromosomal abnormality, observed in 26 of the 35 patients wh ...	1989	2492904
four new provisional serovars of shigella.	four bacterial strains are described that possess the biochemical characteristics of shigella species but do not belong to any of the established shigella serovars or to any previously described provisional serovar. one strain fermented mannitol, and it is proposed that this be the type strain for a new provisional serovar of shigella boydii. the remaining strains did not ferment mannitol and belonged to three different serovars. these strains are proposed as type strains for three new provision ...	1989	2501349
hemagglutinating properties of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and other shigella species.	strains of shigella dysenteriae type 1 cultured in casamino acids-yeast extract broth medium in the presence of 1 mm calcium chloride at 37 degrees c for 22 h induced hemagglutination of erythrocytes that was inhibited by n-acetylneuraminic acid, n-acetylneuramin-lactose, and alpha 1-glycoprotein. the hemagglutination was heat labile, and the absence of cell-surface appendages suggested a nonfimbrial adhesin(s). under the same conditions, strains of shigella flexneri (types 1a, 1b, 2a, and 2b) s ...	1989	2503449
[increased efficiency in the disinfection of sewage by lactic acid bacteria].	the antimicrobic properties have been studied in 30 strains of lactobacilli. as a result a strain, the strongest antagonist relative to choleric vibrios and other enteropathogenic microorganisms, is selected. lactobacilli are found to retain their viability and biological activity in the activated sludge during the whole period of observation (6 months). biological disinfection of sewage is shown possible to be intensified using the activated sludge inoculated by the culture of the selected lact ...	1989	2514340
[in vitro susceptibility of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli to quinolone antibiotics].	in this study, in vitro susceptibilities of 24 campylobacter strains isolated from fecal samples were tested for quinolone antibiotics. 13 of the strains were identified as c. jejuni and 11 of them were c. coli. antibiotics which were included in this study were ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin and fleroxacin. antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed on mueller-hinton agar (supplemented with 5% sheep blood) using the agar dilution method. results showed that quinolone antibiotics are v ...	1989	2518646
identification of shiga-like toxin in escherichia coli strains, etiological agents of diarrheal disease.	shiga-like toxin presence, in 20 e. coli strains, etiological agents of diarrheal diseases, is studied by preparing extracts at +4 degrees c, in the presence of chloroform and by i.v. inoculation in mice. in 4 out of 20 strains, shiga-like toxin in high titres was identified. most of the strains presented an inconstant and variable production of shiga-like toxin in comparison with shigella dysenteriae type 1 (shiga) reference strain. the authors also confirm the existence of shiga-like toxin und ...	1989	2520669
[the dependence of hemoglobin and iron reserve indices on habitat conditions (sampling research in osh province, the kirghiz ssr)].	sampling investigation of female population (896 subjects) was conducted in five regions with opposite environmental conditions. a relatively low incidence of iron deficiency anemia and high incidence of exhausted iron reserves in the women living in the high mountains indicates the participation of the adaptive-compensatory mechanisms in the development of iron-deficiency. a high rate of iron deficiency incidence in the regions of intensive tobacco growing and association of iron-deficiency ane ...	1989	2533125
effects of the nmda receptor antagonist mk-801 against amygdaloid-kindled seizures in the rat.	the effects of acute and subchronic administration of the noncompetitive nmda receptor antagonist mk-801 on the duration and severity of amygdaloid-kindled seizures in rats were determined to evaluate its anticonvulsant activity. both the highest acute (1000 micrograms/kg) and subchronic regimens (2 x 300 micrograms/kg, 7 days) produced significant reductions in the seizure stage and afterdischarge duration. although ataxia may have affected the seizure stage, mk-801 attenuated the primary after ...	1989	2536332
multiple cooperative interactions constrain bpv-1 e2 dependent activation of transcription.	transcription directed by the bpv-1 long control region (lcr) is conditional upon activation by the virally encoded e2 protein. within the 1.0 kb lcr there are five separate regions, a to e, that contain e2 responsive enhancers. the smallest functional region, a, is only 38 bp and contains two copies of the consensus sequence acc(n)6ggt that is known to function as an e2 binding site in vitro. we show that a pair of these constitutes a minimal functional e2 responsive enhancer element but that t ...	1989	2542891
dual function of a nuclear factor i binding site in mmtv transcription regulation.	using linker-scanning mutagenesis we had previously identified four elements within the mmtv ltr which are necessary for transcriptional stimulation by glucocorticoid hormones. two of them overlapped with regions to which the glucocorticoid receptor binds in vitro. the third element contained a nf-i binding site, and the fourth the tata box. here we show that mutations that abolish in vitro binding of nf-i had a negative effect also on the basal activity of the mmtv promoter of ltr-containing pl ...	1989	2542892
influence of diethyldithiocarbamate on nickel-induced hepatic metallothionein in rats.	the influence of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (ddc) on 63nickel chloride-induced metallothionein (mt) and alterations in essential metal levels in the liver of rats was investigated. the induction of mt, zn and cu levels of the hepatic cytosolic "heat stable fraction" (hsf) by ddc increased with time up to 24 hr. although mt, zn and cu were significantly greater at 17 hr than those at 6.5 hr after 63ni administration, the ni level decreased. the treatment with ddc at 6 hr, but not at 10 min, pr ...	1989	2548306
phosphate regulon in members of the family enterobacteriaceae: comparison of the phob-phor operons of escherichia coli, shigella dysenteriae, and klebsiella pneumoniae.	the structure and function of the phob and phor genes of shigella dysenteriae strains and klebsiella pneumoniae, which are involved in regulation of the phosphate regulon, were analyzed. complementation tests among the genes of escherichia coli, s. dysenteriae strains, and k. pneumoniae for production of alkaline phosphatase indicate that s. dysenteriae serotype 2 and serotype 3 strains and k. pneumoniae are phoa+ phob+ phor+ but s. dysenteriae sh and serotype 1 strains are phoa phob+ phor. nucl ...	1989	2556368
characterization of the rela1 mutation and a comparison of rela1 with new rela null alleles in escherichia coli.	the most widely studied "relaxed" mutant of the rela locus, the rela1 allele, is shown here to consist of an is2 insertion between the 85th and 86th codons of the otherwise wild-type rela structural gene, which normally encodes a 743-amino acid (84 kda) protein. the rela protein is a ribosome-dependent atp:gtp (gdp) pyrophosphoryltransferase that is activated during the stringent response to amino acid starvation and thereby occasions the accumulation of guanosine 3',5'-bispyrophosphate (ppgpp). ...	1989	2556396
[acute maternal anterior poliomyelitis in a non-endemic zone].	the authors report the case of a 26 year old woman with acute anterior poliomyelitis contracted during the vaccination of her baby. despite having been herself vaccinated in infancy she was not protected against the poliovirus. the clinical interest of this uncommon case is a severe paralytic state with definitive paraplegia. the authors suggest serologic testing of patients born before 1967 especially if they are at risk of encountering the virus.	1989	2561040
endocytosis from coated pits of shiga toxin: a glycolipid-binding protein from shigella dysenteriae 1.	evidence is presented that endocytosis is involved in the transport to the cytosol of the cytotoxin from shigella dysenteriae 1, shiga toxin, which acts by removal of a single adenine residue in 28-s ribosomal rna. inhibition of endocytosis by atp depletion of the cells prevented toxin uptake. exposure of hela s3 and vero cells to toxin at low extracellular ph, where translocation to the cytosol, but not endocytosis is inhibited, allowed the toxin to accumulate in a compartment where it was prot ...	1989	2564398
shigella dysenteriae type 1 infections in us travellers to mexico, 1988.	in 1988, the number of shigella dysenteriae type 1 (sd1) infections reported in the usa increased five-fold over the annual mean from the previous decade. 44 (94%) of 47 interviewed patients reported recent travel to mexico; 33 (75%) of these had been tourists to the yucatan peninsula. 27 patients who had travelled to mexico were admitted to hospital, of whom 2 had a haemolytic uraemic syndrome; none died. the antimicrobial resistance pattern and plasmid profile of the yucatan strain were simila ...	1989	2570242
expression and desensitisation of a2 purinoceptors on cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells.	purine nucleotides and their metabolites are important mediators of vascular tone. adenosine promotes relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, acting on the a2 subclass of purinoceptors. there is some evidence that these receptors are also present on vascular endothelial cells. we have therefore examined cultured aortic endothelial cells for adenosine (a2) sensitivity. bovine aortic endothelial cells (ag4762) were obtained from the institute of aging cell repository (usa), and cultured in monolayer ...	1989	2590913
causes of death and the histopathologic findings in fatal shigellosis.	thirty-seven children (median age, 2 years) with shigellosis in bangladesh were subjected to postmortem examination to determine causes of death and the spectrum of intestinal histopathology. infecting species were: shigella dysenteriae 1, 7 cases; s. dysenteriae 2, 2 cases; shigella flexneri, 23 cases; shigella boydii, 4 cases; and mixed infection with shigella boydii and shigella sonnei, 1 case. complicating conditions detected before death included malnutrition in 25 cases, pneumonia in 11 ca ...	1989	2594452
[risk factors for condylomata. a case control study].	the present study involves 214 patients whose cervical smear showed signs of human papilloma virus infection (hpv), matched with 1042 controls. we demonstrate increasing odds ratio with the total number of sexual partners since first sexual intercourse (p less than 0.0001). moreover the cases have more often changed partners in the year preceding the diagnosis (odds ratio 2.6 p less than 0.0001). their male partners more often have occupations that expose them to "extra-conjugal adventures" (p = ...	1989	2600372
cockroaches (periplaneta americana) as carriers of agents of bacterial diarrhoea in accra, ghana.	bodies and intestinal contents of 208 cockroaches (periplaneta americana), collected from kitchens in accra and some surrounding villages were cultured for enteric bacterial pathogens. six of them harboured three different serogroups of salmonella, one had shigella dysenteriae, 64 had coliforms, 13 had proteus species, two had pseudomonas species and the rest (122) carried none of the bacterial species mentioned above. the presence of salmonella species shigella dysenteriae and coliforms in thes ...	1989	2611875
histotypic differentiation of neonatal mouse retina in organ culture.	retinae from neonatal mice were explanted in toto, with or without the retinal pigment epithelium (rpe) and adjoining mesenchymal cells, and maintained in organ culture for up to 3 weeks. the explants remained flat, rosette formation was minimal and histogenetic changes followed in the normal sequence. after 11, 14 and 21 days in vitro the three cellular layers--the outer nuclear layer including well differentiated rod and cone perikarya, the inner nuclear layer and the ganglion cell layer--with ...	1989	2612197
histotypic differentiation of neonatal mouse retina in organ culture.	retinae from neonatal mice were explanted in toto, with or without the retinal pigment epithelium (rpe) and adjoining mesenchymal cells, and maintained in organ culture for up to 3 weeks. the explants remained flat, rosette formation was minimal and histogenetic changes followed in the normal sequence. after 11, 14 and 21 days in vitro the three cellular layers--the outer nuclear layer including well differentiated rod and cone perikarya, the inner nuclear layer and the ganglion cell layer--with ...	1989	2612197
indomethacin blocks the anorexic action of interleukin-1.	it has been reported recently that the central nervous system actions of interleukin-1 are mediated by the prostaglandin system in the brain. the present study was therefore performed in order to examine the hypothesis that indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis, might alleviate the interleukin-1-induced suppression of food intake in rats. the i.p. injection of interleukin-1 (2 micrograms/rat) resulted in a significant decrease in food intake. the pre-injection of indomethacin ...	1989	2620696
indomethacin blocks the anorexic action of interleukin-1.	it has been reported recently that the central nervous system actions of interleukin-1 are mediated by the prostaglandin system in the brain. the present study was therefore performed in order to examine the hypothesis that indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis, might alleviate the interleukin-1-induced suppression of food intake in rats. the i.p. injection of interleukin-1 (2 micrograms/rat) resulted in a significant decrease in food intake. the pre-injection of indomethacin ...	1989	2620696
isolation of inhibitors of adenylate cyclase from dan-shen, the root of salvia miltiorrhiza.	the effect of dan-shen extract, the root of salvia miltiorrhiza, on adenylate cyclase was investigated in both rat brain and rat erythrocytes. the etoac fraction of the meoh extract was proved to have significant inhibitory activity. potent inhibitory principles in the etoac fraction were isolated and identified as 4 polyphenolic acids, rosemarinic acid, lithospermic acid, and their methyl ester derivatives.	1989	2630095
[detection of streptococci from various serological groups in animals].	during the period from 1985 to 1988 we determined 228 strains of streptococci isolated from samples of various sorts of biomaterials, mainly animals. from this set of streptococci we classified 207 strains into serological groups according to the lancefield classification and about 30% strains into species by means of serological and biochemical methods. most of the strains were allocated to group c (37.28%) and group q (17.39%). 89 streptococci strains originated from pigs, 40 strains from hors ...	1989	2631378
[serological diagnosis of campylobacter jejuni infections].	antibody level to campylobacter in 28 sera of patients of whom campylobacter infection was confirmed by germ isolation from feces was tested. the investigation was performed using passive haemagglutination technique and as antigens heated and acid glycine extraction prepared from homologous and reference strains. for the method used the heated antigen proved to be superior. out of 28 tested patients of whom 92.8% were children, 8 sera were positive, 9 doubtful and 9, derived mainly from neonates ...	1989	2640683
detection of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli after polymerase chain reaction amplification with a thermostable dna polymerase.	the direct identification of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli from clinical specimens was examined by using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for amplifying the heat-labile toxin (lt) gene. two synthetic primers, each of which was 20 bases in length, were used with the thermostable dna polymerase from thermus aquaticus to amplify the lt gene. the amplified pcr products were detected by either gel electrophoresis or hybridization to a 24-base synthetic oligonucleotide probe conjugated to alkali ...	1989	2644292
introduction and spread of multi-resistant shigella dysenteriae i in thailand.	outbreaks of shigella dysenteriae i occurred in northeastern thailand in the fall of 1986 and again in the spring and fall of 1987 for the first time in over 20 years. the epidemic strain of s. dysenteriae i was resistant to tetracycline, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, but susceptible to ampicillin. trimethoprim resistance was chromosomally encoded by type i dihydrofolate reductase. in ubon province, where 10,000 cases of dysentery were reported, there were 3-5 ...	1989	2644859
plasmid dna analysis by agarose gel electrophoresis on an epidemic-associated strain of trimethoprim resistant shiga's bacillus from gimira wereda (keffa administrative region, southwest ethiopia).	a combination of genetic mating experiments and plasmid dna analysis by gel electrophoresis was carried out on an epidemic-associated shiga's bacillus with resistance type acssuttp, isolated in 1983 from gimira wereda, keffa administrative region, south west ethiopia. the donor strain contained 9 plasmid species. their sizes in megadaltons (mdal) were: 120, 40, 35, 12.5, 6.0, 5.1, 4.3, 2.5 and 1.7. analysis of escherichia coli k12 transconjugants revealed that the 40, 35, and 4.3 mdal plasmids c ...	1989	2646117
renin: endocrine, paracrine, or part-paracrine control of blood pressure?		1989	2650710
pathogenesis of shigella diarrhea. xiv. analysis of shiga toxin receptors on cloned hela cells.	binding kinetics of shiga toxin to hela ccl-2 cells and to cell lines cloned by limiting dilutions were determined. lines with a wide range of sensitivity to shiga toxin were obtained. binding data, analyzed by a computer-based scatchard model program, revealed two classes of binding sites, one of low affinity and high capacity and one of high affinity and low capacity. the number of high affinity, but not low affinity, sites present on the clones correlated with their sensitivity to toxin. tuni ...	1989	2651533
interaction of shigella toxin with globotriaosyl ceramide receptor-containing membranes: a fluorescence study.	the interaction of the b-subunit of shigella toxin with a globotriaosyl ceramide receptor incorporated into phosphatidylcholine vesicles was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. from the position of the maximum in the emission spectrum and the accessibility to acrylamide quenching, it is concluded that a single tryptophan of a free b-chain is located in a highly polar environment, most likely on the surface of the folded polypeptide chain. binding of b-subunits to the membrane-associated globot ...	1989	2653314
malignant hyperpyrexia.		1989	2653537
unusual nucleotide arrangement with repeated sequences in the escherichia coli k-12 chromosome.	between 59 and 60 min on the escherichia coli genetic map, there is a highly conserved sequence of 29 base pairs, containing an inverted repeat of seven base pairs that appears 14 times, 32 or 33 base pairs apart, downstream of the iap gene coding region. about 24 kilobase pairs downstream of the 14 repeats, a similar 29-base-pair sequence with a spacing of 32 base pairs appears seven times. nucleotide sequences hybridizing with the 29-base-pair fragment were also detected in shigella dysenteria ...	1989	2656660
inoculum size in shigellosis and implications for expected mode of transmission.		1989	2656880
[survey on overseas traveller's diarrhea at narita airport quarantine station--the species of bacteria isolated and the suspected countries for infection].		1989	2657132
[clinical features of overseas travellers' infectious enteritis admitted in the hospitals for infectious diseases].		1989	2657133
secretory immunoglobulin a response to shiga toxin in rabbits: kinetics of the initial mucosal immune response and inhibition of toxicity in vitro and in vivo.	although the role of shiga toxin in dysentery is unknown, the toxin is cytotoxic to hela cells, causes fluid secretion in rabbit intestine, and is lethal to rabbits and mice when injected parenterally. in the present study, rabbits received three weekly doses of shiga toxin directly into chronically isolated ileal loops. within a week, secretions from these loops contained immunoglobulin a (iga) anti-shiga toxin. the titer of iga anti-shiga toxin increased after weekly doses 2 and 3. little igg ...	1989	2659525
epidemic shigellosis due to shigella dysenteriae type 1 in south asia.		1989	2661420
quantitation of the rabbit intestinal glycolipid receptor for shiga toxin. further evidence for the developmental regulation of globotriaosylceramide in microvillus membranes.	shiga toxin, produced by shigella dysenteriae 1, causes enterotoxic, cytotoxic, and neurotoxic effects, which may be mediated by a glycolipid receptor, globotriaosylceramide, gb3. to study the relationship of this receptor and toxin effects, globotriaosylceramide was quantitated and further characterized in rabbit small intestinal microvillus membranes at various ages. glycolipids were extracted from rabbit microvillus membranes, purified on unisil columns, and quantitated by high-performance li ...	1989	2663611
congo red-mediated regulation of levels of shigella flexneri 2a membrane proteins.	the ability of shigella spp. to bind congo red from agar medium is generally correlated with their virulence properties. we used a metabolically active culture of shigella flexneri 2a to determine the effect of congo red on its membrane protein profiles. virulent s. flexneri grown in the presence of congo red at 37 degrees c showed increased levels of three proteins with mrs of 43,000, 58,000, and 63,000 (43k, 58k, and 63k proteins) in the sarkosyl-soluble membrane fractions. the observed phenom ...	1989	2663721
rapid method to detect shiga toxin and shiga-like toxin i based on binding to globotriosyl ceramide (gb3), their natural receptor.	shiga toxin and the closely related shiga-like toxins produced by escherichia coli represent a group of very similar cytotoxins that may play an important role in diarrheal disease and hemolytic uremic syndrome. these toxins have the same biologic activities and according to recent studies also share the same binding receptor, globotriosyl ceramide (gb3). they are currently detected, on the basis of their ability to damage several cell lines, by using expensive and tedious assays that require fa ...	1989	2666433
use of monoclonal antibodies to type shigella flexneri in bangladesh.	a panel of 10 mouse and rat monoclonal antibodies specific for different type- and group-specific o-antigenic determinants of shigella flexneri lipopolysaccharide was used to serotype 240 isolates of s. flexneri from bangladesh. three immunoglobulin m antibodies were used in a direct slide agglutination test; seven immunoglobulin g antibodies were absorbed to staphylococcus aureus and used in a coagglutination assay. all but 13 of the isolates could be serotyped by using the monclonal antibodies ...	1989	2666435
cryptococcus neoformans in the seminal fluid of an aids patient. a contribution to the clinical course of cryptococcosis.	in a 33-year-old hiv-positive homosexual male suffering from unexplained headache, cryptococcosis was diagnosed in a progressive secondary stage. after treatment with the standard combination therapy of amphotericin b + flucytosine for 34 d, the patient was clinically symptom-free and discharged, upon his own request, from the hospital. he remained under ambulatory mycological control. after an interval of 65 d during which the urine had been free from cryptococcus neoformans (cr.n.), the fungus ...	1989	2666852
purification, crystallization, and preliminary x-ray diffraction studies of the flavoenzyme mercuric ion reductase from bacillus sp. strain rc607.	the flavoenzyme mercuric ion reductase from bacillus sp. strain rc607 was purified by dye-ligand affinity chromatography. the protein was crystallized from solutions of high ionic strength, and one of the two crystal forms obtained has proven suitable for x-ray diffraction studies. preliminary analysis showed that these crystals belong to the tetragonal space group 1422. the unit cell dimensions are a = b = 180.7 a; c = 127.9 a. the diffraction pattern extends to better than 3 a resolution. crys ...	1989	2668287