Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [in vitro activity of arbekacin against clinical isolates of staphylococcus species and gram-negative bacilli]. | methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and some gram-negative bacilli are very prevalent nosocomial pathogens, commonly causing mixed infections, and are often resistant to multiple drugs. arbekacin is an aminoglycoside used for the treatment of mrsa infections, but is also active against some gram-negative bacilli. the aim of this study was to determine in vitro activity of arbekacin against recent clinical isolates of staphylococci and gram-negative bacilli. materials and | 2007 | 18094591 |
| detection and identification of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 and vibrio cholerae o139 using oligonucleotide microarray. | the rapid and accurate detection and identification of the new subtype of the pathogens is crucial for diagnosis, treatment and control of the contagious disease outbreak. here, in this study, an approach to detect and identify escherichia coli o157:h7 and vibrio cholerae o139 was established using oligonucleotide microarray. we coupled multiplex pcr with oligonucleotide microarray to construct an assay suitable for simultaneous identification of two subtypes of the pathogens. | 2007 | 18154687 |
| spontaneous citrobacter freundii infection in an immunocompetent patient. | 2007 | 17224563 | |
| chromosome-encoded narrow-spectrum ambler class a beta-lactamase gil-1 from citrobacter gillenii. | a novel beta-lactamase gene was cloned from the whole-cell dna of an enterobacterial citrobacter gillenii reference strain that displayed a weak narrow-spectrum beta-lactam-resistant phenotype and was expressed in escherichia coli. it encoded a clavulanic acid-inhibited ambler class a beta-lactamase, gil-1, with a pi value of 7.5 and a molecular mass of ca. 29 kda. gil-1 had the highest percent amino acid sequence identity with tem-1 and shv-1, 77%, and 67%, respectively, and only 46%, 31%, and ... | 2007 | 17242148 |
| multicenter beta trial of the genexpert enterovirus assay. | the genexpert dx system (cepheid, sunnyvale, ca) is a fully integrated and automated nucleic acid sample preparation, amplification, and real-time detection system. it consists of an instrument, a personal computer, and disposable fluidic cartridges. the analytical sensitivity and specificity of the genexpert enterovirus assay (gxea) were determined with a panel of 63 different enterovirus serotypes and 24 other microorganisms, respectively. the potential for blood, hemoglobin, white blood cells ... | 2007 | 17251395 |
| predictors of in-hospital mortality for bloodstream infections caused by enterobacter species or citrobacter freundii. | to identify predictors of in-hospital mortality among patients with bacteremia caused by enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, or citrobacter freundii. | 2007 | 17253909 |
| monitoring bacterial communities in raw milk and cheese by culture-dependent and -independent 16s rrna gene-based analyses. | the diversity and dynamics of bacterial populations in saint-nectaire, a raw-milk, semihard cheese, were investigated using a dual culture-dependent and direct molecular approach combining single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) fingerprinting and sequencing of 16s rrna genes. the dominant clones, among 125 16s rrna genes isolated from milk, belonged to members of the firmicutes (58% of the total clones) affiliated mainly with the orders clostridiales and the lactobacillales, followed by ... | 2007 | 17259356 |
| erythromycin resistance-conferring plasmid prsb105, isolated from a sewage treatment plant, harbors a new macrolide resistance determinant, an integron-containing tn402-like element, and a large region of unknown function. | the erythromycin resistance plasmid prsb105 was previously isolated from an activated sludge bacterial community of a municipal wastewater treatment plant. compilation of the complete prsb105 nucleotide sequence revealed that the plasmid is 57,137 bp in size and has a mean g+c content of 56.66 mol%. the prsb105 backbone is composed of two different replication and/or partitioning modules and a functional mobilization region encoding the mobilization genes mobcde and mobba. the first replicon (re ... | 2007 | 17261525 |
| first identification of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates producing a kpc-type carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase. | in medellin, colombia, three pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates with high-level carbapenem resistance (mic>or=256 microg/ml) and an isolate of citrobacter freundii with reduced susceptibility to imipenem produced the plasmid-mediated class a carbapenemase kpc-2. this is the first report of a kpc-type beta-lactamase identified outside of the family enterobacteriaceae. | 2007 | 17261621 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of pd 0305970 and pd 0326448, new bacterial gyrase/topoisomerase inhibitors with potent antibacterial activities versus multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups. | pd 0305970 and pd 0326448 are new bacterial gyrase and topoisomerase inhibitors (quinazoline-2,4-diones) that possess outstanding in vitro and in vivo activities against a wide spectrum of bacterial species including quinolone- and multidrug-resistant gram-positive and fastidious organism groups. the respective mics (microg/ml) for pd 0305970 capable of inhibiting>or=90% of bacterial strains tested ranged from 0.125 to 0.5 versus staphylococci, 0.03 to 0.06 versus streptococci, 0.25 to 2 versus ... | 2007 | 17261623 |
| evaluation of a new selective chromogenic agar medium for detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae. | a novel chromogenic agar medium (esbl-bx; biomérieux, marcy l'etoile, france) was compared to macconkey agar supplemented with 2 mg ceftazidime/liter (mckc) for the selective isolation and presumptive identification of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae directly from clinical samples. of a total of 644 clinical specimens (including 551 fecal samples), 496 yielded no growth and 148 yielded growth on one or both media. overall, 44 esbl-producing enterobacteriaceae ... | 2007 | 17182756 |
| biodiversity of bacterial ecosystems in traditional egyptian domiati cheese. | bacterial biodiversity occurring in traditional egyptian soft domiati cheese was studied by pcr-temporal temperature gel electrophoresis (ttge) and pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge). bands were identified using a reference species database (j.-c. ogier et al., appl. environ. microbiol. 70:5628-5643, 2004); de novo bands having nonidentified migration patterns were identified by dna sequencing. results reveal a novel bacterial profile and extensive bacterial biodiversity in domia ... | 2007 | 17189434 |
| biodiversity of bacterial ecosystems in traditional egyptian domiati cheese. | bacterial biodiversity occurring in traditional egyptian soft domiati cheese was studied by pcr-temporal temperature gel electrophoresis (ttge) and pcr-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge). bands were identified using a reference species database (j.-c. ogier et al., appl. environ. microbiol. 70:5628-5643, 2004); de novo bands having nonidentified migration patterns were identified by dna sequencing. results reveal a novel bacterial profile and extensive bacterial biodiversity in domia ... | 2007 | 17189434 |
| molecular mechanism of the regulation of bacillus subtilis gltab expression by gltc. | in bacillus subilis, glutamate synthase, a major enzyme of nitrogen metabolism, is encoded by the gltab operon. significant expression of this operon requires the activity of gltc, a lysr-family protein, encoded by the divergently transcribed gene. we purified a soluble, active form of gltc and found that it requires alpha-ketoglutarate, a substrate of glutamate synthase, to fully activate glta transcription in vitro, and that its activity is inhibited by glutamate, the product of glutamate synt ... | 2007 | 17134717 |
| molecular mechanism of the regulation of bacillus subtilis gltab expression by gltc. | in bacillus subilis, glutamate synthase, a major enzyme of nitrogen metabolism, is encoded by the gltab operon. significant expression of this operon requires the activity of gltc, a lysr-family protein, encoded by the divergently transcribed gene. we purified a soluble, active form of gltc and found that it requires alpha-ketoglutarate, a substrate of glutamate synthase, to fully activate glta transcription in vitro, and that its activity is inhibited by glutamate, the product of glutamate synt ... | 2007 | 17134717 |
| sensitive quantitative detection of commensal bacteria by rrna-targeted reverse transcription-pcr. | a sensitive rrna-targeted reverse transcription-quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr) method was developed for exact and sensitive enumeration of subdominant bacterial populations. using group- or species-specific primers for 16s or 23s rrna, analytical curves were constructed for escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, clostridium perfringens, and pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the threshold cycle value was found to be linear up to an rna amount of 10(-3) cell per rt-pcr. the number o ... | 2007 | 17071791 |
| sensitive quantitative detection of commensal bacteria by rrna-targeted reverse transcription-pcr. | a sensitive rrna-targeted reverse transcription-quantitative pcr (rt-qpcr) method was developed for exact and sensitive enumeration of subdominant bacterial populations. using group- or species-specific primers for 16s or 23s rrna, analytical curves were constructed for escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, clostridium perfringens, and pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the threshold cycle value was found to be linear up to an rna amount of 10(-3) cell per rt-pcr. the number o ... | 2007 | 17071791 |
| comparison of media for the isolation of enterobacter sakazakii. | enterobacter sakazakii is associated with neonatal infections and is occasionally present at low levels (<1 cfu/g) in powdered infant formula milk (ifm). it has been previously reported that some e. sakazakii strains do not grow in standard media for enterobacteriaceae and coliform bacteria; therefore, a reliable method is needed for recovery of the organism. three e. sakazakii enrichment broths-enterobacteriaceae enrichment broth (ee), e. sakazakii selective broth (essb), and modified lauryl su ... | 2007 | 17071794 |
| comparison of media for the isolation of enterobacter sakazakii. | enterobacter sakazakii is associated with neonatal infections and is occasionally present at low levels (<1 cfu/g) in powdered infant formula milk (ifm). it has been previously reported that some e. sakazakii strains do not grow in standard media for enterobacteriaceae and coliform bacteria; therefore, a reliable method is needed for recovery of the organism. three e. sakazakii enrichment broths-enterobacteriaceae enrichment broth (ee), e. sakazakii selective broth (essb), and modified lauryl su ... | 2007 | 17071794 |
| are laboratory-based antibiograms reliable to guide the selection of empirical antimicrobial treatment in patients with hospital-acquired infections? | antibiograms are often taken into account to define a rational selection of an empirical antimicrobial therapy for treating patients with hospital-acquired infections. in this study, we performed a paired comparison between the antibiogram constructed with laboratory-based data and that formed with data subjected to prior clinical validation. | 2007 | 17079239 |
| functional analysis of replication and stability regions of broad-host-range conjugative plasmid ctx-m3 from the incl/m incompatibility group. | plasmid ctx-m3 (89 kb) isolated from citrobacter freundii from a warsaw hospital is a mosaic plasmid with replication functions 100% identical with those of pmu407.1 of the incl/m group, conjugative operons with up to 60% homology to colib-p9 (inci) and stability functions originating either from nr1(r100) (incfii) or colib-p9 /r1/nr1 plasmids. we established the broad-host-range for pctx-m3 and defined its minireplicon in escherichia coli. we analyzed the role of stability cassettes and showed ... | 2007 | 17087993 |
| intracellular accumulation of linezolid in escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii and enterobacter aerogenes: role of enhanced efflux pump activity and inactivation. | the oxazolidinone class of antibiotics such as linezolid have a narrow spectrum of activity that targets gram-positive bacteria. we hypothesized that the poor activity of linezolid in gram-negative bacteria is in part caused by relatively low intracellular concentration due to efflux. | 2007 | 16971414 |
| citrobacter infections in a tertiary care hospital in northern india. | this prospective study was carried out to look for the frequency of isolation of citrobacter species from clinical specimens and study their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. | 2007 | 16815552 |
| in vitro activities of cg400549, a novel fabi inhibitor, against recently isolated clinical staphylococcal strains in korea. | the in vitro activities of cg400549, a novel fabi inhibitor, were compared to those of linezolid and commonly used antimicrobials against recent bacterial isolates. cg400549 had an mic(90) of 0.5 microg/ml for staphylococcus aureus strains and was more potent than either linezolid or vancomycin. | 2007 | 17420210 |
| biochemical characterization of per-2 and genetic environment of blaper-2. | per-2 was the first detected and the second most prevalent extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in clinical pathogens isolated in argentina and was also reported only in other south american countries. citrobacter freundii 33587 was isolated in 1999 in buenos aires and was resistant to all tested beta-lactams except cephamycins and carbapenems. the strain produced both plasmid-borne tem-1 and per-2 (pi 5.4), which could be transferred by conjugation. by pcr screening, thermal asymmetric interlaced p ... | 2007 | 17438050 |
| time-kill and synergism studies of ceftobiprole against enterococcus faecalis, including beta-lactamase-producing and vancomycin-resistant isolates. | ceftobiprole (bal9141) is an investigational cephalosporin with broad in vitro activity against gram-positive cocci, including enterococci. ceftobiprole mics were determined for 93 isolates of enterococcus faecalis (including 16 beta-lactamase [bla] producers and 17 vancomycin-resistant isolates) by an agar dilution method following the clinical and laboratory standards institute recommendations. ceftobiprole mics were also determined with a high inoculum concentration (10(7) cfu/ml) for a subse ... | 2007 | 17438057 |
| the taxonomy of enterobacter sakazakii: proposal of a new genus cronobacter gen. nov. and descriptions of cronobacter sakazakii comb. nov. cronobacter sakazakii subsp. sakazakii, comb. nov., cronobacter sakazakii subsp. malonaticus subsp. nov., cronobacter turicensis sp. nov., cronobacter muytjensii sp. nov., cronobacter dublinensis sp. nov. and cronobacter genomospecies 1. | enterobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause infections such as necrotizing enterocolitis, bacteraemia, meningitis and brain abscess/lesions. when the species was defined in 1980, 15 biogroups were described and it was suggested that these could represent multiple species. in this study the taxonomic relationship of strains described as e. sakazakii was further investigated. | 2007 | 17439656 |
| surface charge influences enterococcal prevalence in mixed-species biofilms. | to study the influence of 15 microbial isolates on the prevalence of charge-heterogeneous and charge-homogeneous enterococcus faecalis strains, all isolated from biliary stents, in mixed-species biofilms. | 2007 | 17448160 |
| periodontal disease as reservoir for multi-resistant and hydrolytic enterobacterial species. | this investigation aimed to isolate enteric rods from subgingival sites of patients presenting chronic periodontitis lesions, and to assess antimicrobial resistance and expression of hydrolytic enzymes. | 2007 | 17451514 |
| prevalence of community-occurring extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae in brazil. | the occurrence of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing strains in the community was investigated in a private laboratory located in juiz de fora, brazil. all enterobacterial isolates analysed were collected from urine of human patients between the years 2000 and 2002. esbl production was confirmed by double disk screening, combination disk method, and etest esbl strip. the isoelectric point of each beta-lactamase was determined in the crude extracts from each isolate. detection of e ... | 2007 | 17457648 |
| characterization of the zinc-containing metalloprotease encoded by zpx and development of a species-specific detection method for enterobacter sakazakii. | enterobacter sakazakii causes a severe form of neonatal meningitis that occurs as sporadic cases as well as outbreaks. the disease has been epidemiologically associated with consumption of reconstituted, dried infant formulas. very little information is available regarding pathogenicity of the organism and production of virulence factors. clinical and environmental strains were screened for production of factors which have activity against chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells in tissue culture. pol ... | 2007 | 17483271 |
| evaluation of phoenix automated microbiology system for detecting extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among chromosomal ampc-producing enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, citrobacter freundii, and serratia marcescens. | we evaluated the bd phoenix extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) detection test among chromosomal ampc-producing enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, citrobacter freundii, and serratia marcescens. the study was conducted on 72 non-repetitive esbl producers (33 e. cloacae, 13 e. aerogenes, 14 c. freundii, and 12 s. marcescens) and 77 esbl non-producers (33 e. cloacae, 9 e. aerogenes, 6 c. freundii, and 29 s. marcescens). the organisms were selected as suspected esbl-producers based on ... | 2007 | 17311873 |
| resistance to gram-negative organisms due to high-level expression of plasmid-encoded ampc beta-lactamase blacmy-4 promoted by insertion sequence isecp1. | a klebsiella pneumoniae strain, ku6500, which showed resistance to extended-spectrum beta-lactams and produced the plasmid-encoded ampc beta-lactamase cmy-4, was identified from clinical isolates in japan. the aim of this study was to identify the mechanism of the high-level expression of blacmy-4. sequence analysis indicated that the promoter element of citrobacter freundii was conserved, but the insertion sequence isecp1 coding with the putative promoter element, was inserted into the ampr bin ... | 2007 | 17334724 |
| influence of vitamin b12 and cocultures on the growth of dehalococcoides isolates in defined medium. | bacteria belonging to the genus dehalococcoides play a key role in the complete detoxification of chloroethenes as these organisms are the only microbes known to be capable of dechlorination beyond dichloroethenes to vinyl chloride (vc) and ethene. however, dehalococcoides strains usually grow slowly with a doubling time of 1 to 2 days and have complex nutritional requirements. here we describe the growth of dehalococcoides ethenogenes 195 in a defined mineral salts medium, improved growth of st ... | 2007 | 17337553 |
| development of a simple latex agglutination assay for detection of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) by using polyclonal antibody against stec. | rabbit antiserum raised against the whole-cell antigen of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) strain vt3 (stx1+ stx2+ eae+) was repeatedly adsorbed with heat-killed cells of different non-stec strains and other enteric bacteria. thus, the antiserum obtained was designated vt3 antiserum. vt3 antiserum reacted with intimin type gamma. we assessed the reactivity of vt3 antiserum to whole-cell lysates of 87 strains of e. coli and other enteric bacteria by immunoblotting. the antiserum reco ... | 2007 | 17344348 |
| colicin biology. | colicins are proteins produced by and toxic for some strains of escherichia coli. they are produced by strains of e. coli carrying a colicinogenic plasmid that bears the genetic determinants for colicin synthesis, immunity, and release. insights gained into each fundamental aspect of their biology are presented: their synthesis, which is under sos regulation; their release into the extracellular medium, which involves the colicin lysis protein; and their uptake mechanisms and modes of action. co ... | 2007 | 17347522 |
| first detection of a vim-1 metallo-beta-lactamase in a carbapenem-resistant citrobacter freundii clinical isolate in an acute hospital in germany. | we report the first detection of a carbapenem-resistant citrobacter freundii clinical strain in germany. it was isolated from an abscess of a patient with acute necrotic pancreatitis in an acute hospital. pcr and sequencing experiments revealed that the carbapenem resistance was mediated by a vim-1 metallo-beta-lactamase, located on a plasmid encoded class 1 integron. carbapenem resistance in enterobacteriaceae is so far a rare event and 1 of the major therapeutic concerns in the future. | 2007 | 17366062 |
| dissemination and persistence of a plasmid-mediated tem-3-like beta-lactamase, tem-139, among enterobacteriaceae in bulgaria. | during a survey of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) in bulgaria from 1996 to 2003, a tem-3-like esbl was detected in strains of klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii and klebsiella oxytoca from three centres in three different towns. the nucleotide sequence of the cloned gene was identical to that of tem-3, except for one substitution (c347a) causing an amino acid exchange at position 49 from leucine to methionine. this tem-3 variant with both a unique nucleotide ... | 2007 | 17382521 |
| high-frequency phage-mediated gene transfer among escherichia coli cells, determined at the single-cell level. | recent whole-genome analysis suggests that lateral gene transfer by bacteriophages has contributed significantly to the genetic diversity of bacteria. to accurately determine the frequency of phage-mediated gene transfer, we employed cycling primed in situ amplification-fluorescent in situ hybridization (cprins-fish) and investigated the movement of the ampicillin resistance gene among escherichia coli cells mediated by phage at the single-cell level. phages p1 and t4 and the newly isolated e. c ... | 2007 | 17384307 |
| increased expression of ampc in pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants selected with ciprofloxacin. | two pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants exhibiting increased expression of ampc were selected during exposure to ciprofloxacin. these mutants also exhibited significant increases in mexcd-oprj expression, but further studies failed to show a link between the increased expression of mexcd-oprj and ampc. increased ampc expression was not related to mutations within ampr, the ampc-ampr intergenic region, ampd, ampdh2, or ampdh3 or to changes in the levels of expression of these amidase genes. however, a ... | 2007 | 17517839 |
| antimicrobial resistance predicts death in tanzanian children with bloodstream infections: a prospective cohort study. | bloodstream infection is a common cause of hospitalization, morbidity and death in children. the impact of antimicrobial resistance and hiv infection on outcome is not firmly established. | 2007 | 17519011 |
| efficacy of ertapenem in the treatment of early ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing organisms in an intensive care unit. | ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) is a frequent complication of patients admitted to intensive care units (icus). ertapenem is a newer carbapenem with good in vitro activity against extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing organisms. however, there are no clinical data to support the use of ertapenem in vap. our purpose is to evaluate the usefulness and safety of ertapenem in the treatment of vap caused by susceptible esbl strains. | 2007 | 17540673 |
| new plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone efflux pump, qepa, found in an escherichia coli clinical isolate. | plasmid-mediated qnr and aac(6')-ib-cr have been recognized as new molecular mechanisms affecting fluoroquinolone (fq) resistance. c316, an escherichia coli strain demonstrating resistance to various fqs, was isolated in japan. resistance to fqs was augmented in an e. coli csh2 transconjugant, but pcr failed to detect qnr genes, suggesting the presence of novel plasmid-mediated fq resistance mechanisms. susceptibility tests, dna manipulation, and analyses of the gene and its product were perform ... | 2007 | 17548499 |
| population-based laboratory surveillance for ampc beta-lactamase-producing escherichia coli, calgary. | in the calgary health region during 2000-2003, prospective, active, population-based laboratory surveillance for all cefoxitin-resistant escherichia coli isolates was performed. isolates were screened with an inhibitor-based disk test, and plasmid-mediated types were identified by multiplex pcr with sequencing. a total of 369 ampc beta-lactamase-producing e. coli isolates were identified; annual incidence rates were 1.7, 4.3, 11.2, and 15 per 100,000 residents for each year, respectively. ampc b ... | 2007 | 17552098 |
| quorum sensing has an unexpected role in virulence in the model pathogen citrobacter rodentium. | the bacterial mouse pathogen citrobacter rodentium causes attaching and effacing (ae) lesions in the same manner as pathogenic escherichia coli, and is an important model for this mode of pathogenesis. quorum sensing (qs) involves chemical signalling by bacteria to regulate gene expression in response to cell density. e. coli has never been reported to have n-acylhomoserine lactone (ahl) qs, but it does utilize luxs-dependent signalling. we found production of ahl qs signalling molecules by an a ... | 2007 | 17557113 |
| fola, a new member of the tyrr regulon in escherichia coli k-12. | the fola gene was identified as a new member of the tyrr regulon by genomic selex. binding of tyrr to two sites in fola activated its transcription. mutations in the n-terminal or central domain of tyrr, the alpha subunit of rna polymerase, or integration host factor all abolished activation of the fola promoter. | 2007 | 17557822 |
| nosocomial meningitis caused by enterobacteriaceae: risk factors and outcome in 18 cases in 1992-2007. | nosocomial neuroinfections due to enterobacteriaceae represented 9.5% in our cohort of 171 cases of paediatric meningitis within last 15 years. commonest etiologic agents was e. coli - 9 (50%) followed by klebsiella pneumoniae - 3 (16,7%) and enterobacter cloacae. citrobacter freundii, proteus mirabilis and salmonella enteritidis (1 each). commonest risk factors were neonatal age 13 - (72.2%), very low birth weight 5 (27.8%), craniocerebral trauma - 4 (22.2%) and neurosurgery - 5 (27.8%). all bu ... | 2007 | 17558373 |
| multiplex pcr for detection of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance qnr genes in esbl-producing enterobacterial isolates. | to develop a rapid and reliable single-tube-based pcr technique for detecting simultaneously the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance qnra, qnrb and qnrs genes. | 2007 | 17561500 |
| selection of restriction endonucleases using artificial cells. | we describe in this article an in vitro system for the selection of restriction endonucleases using artificial cells. the artificial cells are generated in the form of a water-in-oil emulsion by in vitro compartmentalization. each aqueous compartment contains a reconstituted transcription/translation mix along with the dispersed dna templates. in the compartments containing endonuclease genes, an endonuclease expressed in vitro cleaves its own dna template adjacent to the gene, leaving a sticky ... | 2007 | 17567609 |
| cefotaxime-resistant citrobacter freundii in isolates from blood in a tertiary teaching hospital in northern taiwan. | from january 2002 to december 2003, 12 patients in a tertiary teaching hospital in northern taiwan had bloodstream infections caused by citrobacter freundii. seven of the 12 isolates were resistant to cefotaxime. using polymerase chain reaction and dna sequencing, 3 of the 7 cefotaxime-resistant c. freundii isolates were found to carry extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl). ampc beta-lactamase genes were also detected in all strains of c. freundii. all strains of c. freundii with mics >or=4 mg ... | 2007 | 17572502 |
| evaluation of methods to identify the klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase in enterobacteriaceae. | the klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenem (kpc) beta-lactamase occurs in enterobacteriaceae and can confer resistance to all beta-lactam agents including carbapenems. the enzyme may confer low-level carbapenem resistance, and the failure of susceptibility methods to identify this resistance has been reported. automated and nonautomated methods for carbapenem susceptibility were evaluated for identification of kpc-mediated resistance. ertapenem was a more sensitive indicator of kpc resistance than mer ... | 2007 | 17581941 |
| bacterial pathogens recovered from vegetables irrigated by wastewater in morocco. | the authors obtained 50 vegetable samples from various regions in morocco and examined them to determine the microbiological quality of these products. aerobic count, coliform, enterococci, and staphylococcus aureus were evaluated. this analysis revealed high levels of enterococci, fecal coliforms, and total coliforms. no coagulase-positive staphylococcus aureus was detected in any of the samples analyzed. biochemical identification of enterobacteriaceae showed the presence of citrobacter freund ... | 2007 | 17583296 |
| prevalence, microbiology, and clinical characteristics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacter spp., serratia marcescens, citrobacter freundii, and morganella morganii in korea. | we examined the prevalence and characteristics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing clinical isolates among enterobacter spp., serratia marcescens, citrobacter freundii, and morganella morganii, and evaluated screening criteria, clinical characteristics and outcomes of infections caused by esbl-producing organisms. between january and june 2005, a total of 493 nonduplicate consecutive isolates were collected at asan medical center, a 2,300-bed tertiary hospital in seoul, republic ... | 2007 | 17587073 |
| in vivo efficacy of ceftaroline (ppi-0903), a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin, compared with linezolid and vancomycin against methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-intermediate staphylococcus aureus in a rabbit endocarditis model. | using the rabbit endocarditis model, we compared the activity of a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin, ceftaroline, with those of linezolid and vancomycin against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. after a 4-day treatment, ceftaroline exhibited superior bactericidal in vivo activity against resistant s. aureus strains and appeared to be the most effective drug against a heterogeneous glycopeptide-intermediate s. aureus strain. | 2007 | 17591849 |
| marine algae: screening for a potent antibacterial agent. | this study was done to investigate the antimicrobial potentiality of the marine algae collected from different coastal regions of gujarat and screened for the same. twenty-six marine algae belonging to rhodophyceae, chlorophyceae and phaeophyceae were screened for their potential antibacterial activity against five clinically important bacterial strains, namely bacillus cereus, micrococcus flavus, citrobacter freundii, klebsiella pneumoniae and pseudomonas testosterone. acetone and methanol were ... | 2007 | 17594989 |
| convenient test using a combination of chelating agents for detection of metallo-beta-lactamases in the clinical laboratory. | although transmissible metallo-beta-lactamases (mbls) are a serious threat to beta-lactam antibiotic therapy, the clsi currently does not recommend testing methods for the detection of mbls. the aim of this study was to evaluate the capability of double-disk tests (ddts) by using disks containing a combination of the chelators 2-mercaptopropionic acid (mpa) and tris-edta (te) to detect mbls. sixteen isolates (4 acinetobacter baumannii isolates, 6 pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, 1 serratia marce ... | 2007 | 17596358 |
| good pregnancy outcome with emergent cerclage placed in the presence of intra-amniotic microbial invasion. | cervical insufficiency with dilation can be associated with amniotic fluid microbial invasion. cerclage placement in the presence of infection is contraindicated because it is associated with poor fetal and maternal outcome. a 30-year-old gravida 4 para 0 with cervical insufficiency had emergent cervical suture placement at 19 weeks. the patient underwent amniocentesis to screen for infection. after the screen for infection using amniotic fluid glucose and white blood cells had indicated negativ ... | 2007 | 17597442 |
| partial characterisation of the acrab locus in two citrobacter freundii clinical isolates. | we studied the mechanisms of resistance to fluoroquinolones in two citrobacter freundii strains (1.44 and 1.38) isolated from the same patient and belonging to the same clone by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. this study allowed partial characterisation of the acra and acrb genes of this microorganism. as previously reported, the two strains showed the same substitutions in the gyra and parc proteins (thr-83-->ile and asp-87-->tyr in gyra and ser-83-->ile in parc). however, differences were ob ... | 2007 | 17631985 |
| multiplex, bead-based suspension array for molecular determination of common salmonella serogroups. | we report the development and evaluation of a salmonella o-group-specific bio-plex assay to detect the six most common serogroups in the united states (b, c(1), c(2), d, e, and o13) plus serotype paratyphi a. the assay is based on rfb gene targets directly involved in o-antigen biosynthesis; it can be completed 45 min post-pcr amplification. the assay correctly and specifically identified 362 of 384 (94.3%) isolates tested in comparison to traditional serotyping. seventeen isolates (4.4%) produc ... | 2007 | 17634307 |
| cloning, nucleotide sequencing, and analysis of the acrab-tolc efflux pump of enterobacter cloacae and determination of its involvement in antibiotic resistance in a clinical isolate. | enterobacter cloacae is an emerging clinical pathogen that may be responsible for nosocomial infections. management of these infections is often difficult, owing to the high frequency of strains that are resistant to disinfectants and antimicrobial agents in the clinical setting. multidrug efflux pumps, especially those belonging to the resistance-nodulation-division family, play a major role as a mechanism of antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative pathogens. in the present study, we cloned a ... | 2007 | 17638702 |
| a multiplex polymerase chain reaction method for rapid identification of citrobacter freundii and salmonella species, including salmonella typhi. | salmonella enterica is one of the most common enteric pathogens worldwide. conventional methods of isolation of salmonella strains take 4-7 days to complete, are laborious and require substantial manpower. we devised a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method that simultaneously uses three pairs of specific primers to detect inv, spv, and via genes of salmonella. | 2007 | 17639162 |
| comparative evaluation of the vitek 2, disk diffusion, etest, broth microdilution, and agar dilution susceptibility testing methods for colistin in clinical isolates, including heteroresistant enterobacter cloacae and acinetobacter baumannii strains. | increasing antibiotic resistance in gram-negative bacteria has recently renewed interest in colistin as a therapeutic option. the increasing use of colistin necessitates the availability of rapid and reliable methods for colistin susceptibility testing. we compared seven methods of colistin susceptibility testing (disk diffusion, agar dilution on mueller-hinton [mh] and isosensitest agar, etest on mh and isosensitest agar, broth microdilution, and vitek 2) on 102 clinical isolates collected from ... | 2007 | 17646414 |
| comparison of hand-held test kits, immunofluorescence microscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and flow cytometric analysis for rapid presumptive identification of yersinia pestis. | an in-house immunochromatographic test, plague biothreat alert test strips, abicap columns, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence microscopy were compared for the detection of the fraction 1 capsular antigen of yersinia pestis, using spiked buffer and clinical specimens. hand-held test kits proved to be excellent benchtop tools. | 2007 | 17652472 |
| characteristics of beta-lactamases and their genes (blaa and blab) in yersinia intermedia and y. frederiksenii. | the presence of beta-lactamases in y. enterocolitica has been reported to vary with serovars, biovars and geographical origin of the isolates. an understanding of the beta-lactamases in other related species is important for an overall perception of antibiotic resistance in yersiniae. the objective of this work was to study the characteristics of beta-lactamases and their genes in strains of y. intermedia and y. frederiksenii, isolated from clinical and non-clinical sources in india. | 2007 | 17407578 |
| automatic mapping of viable microbial cells distributed in the surface layer of cotton fabrics. | viable microbial cells distributed in a 130 microim thick surface layer of cotton fabrics were stained with a fluorescent glucose, 2- [n- (7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino] -2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-nbdg), and automatically mapped with an ultra-deep focusing range microscope (udf) system. the software of the udf system was upgraded and the number of candida albicans cells could be counted at a higher precision than before. bacterial cells of pseudomonas fluorescens, serratia marcescens, and ... | 2007 | 17408006 |
| dry stress and survival time of enterobacter sakazakii and other enterobacteriaceae in dehydrated powdered infant formula. | powdered infant formula is not a sterile product, and opportunistic pathogens could multiply in the reconstituted product, resulting in neonatal infections. in this study, the generation of sublethally injured enterobacteriaceae during desiccation and their persistence in dehydrated powdered infant formula was assessed during a 2.5-year period. the study included 27 strains of enterobacter sakazakii, enterobacter cloacae, salmonella enteritidis, citrobacter koseri, citrobacter freundii, escheric ... | 2007 | 17900090 |
| a pharmacodynamic analysis of resistance trends in pathogens from patients with infection in intensive care units in the united states between 1993 and 2004. | increasing nosocomial pathogen resistance to available antimicrobial agents is of growing concern. while higher mics can diminish antimicrobial effectiveness, dose adjustments often mitigate this effect. this study's objective was to ascertain whether mics among major pathogens in the icu to several commonly used agents have increased enough to significantly impact their ability to achieve bactericidal effect. | 2007 | 17908321 |
| brain abscess in infants and children: a retrospective study of 107 patients in northeast thailand. | to review the clinical manifestation, predisposing factor location of abscess, causative organism, treatment, and outcome of brain abscess. | 2007 | 17926990 |
| molecular epidemiology of blacmy-2 plasmids carried by salmonella enterica and escherichia coli isolates from cattle in the pacific northwest. | restriction analyses of bla(cmy-2)-bearing plasmids and salmonella and escherichia coli hosts identified (i) shared highly similar plasmids in these species in rare cases, (ii) a clonal host-plasmid relationship in salmonella enterica serotype newport, and (iii) a very high diversity of strain types and plasmids among commensal e. coli isolates. | 2007 | 17933916 |
| an outbreak of lawsonia intracellularis infection in a standardbred herd in ontario. | an outbreak of protein-losing enteropathy associated with lawsonia intracelluaris infection was diagnosed in 6 standardbred foals from a farm in ontario. wildlife exposure may have been involved in the perpetuation of disease in this outbreak. the clinical presentation, treatment, outcomes, and pathological findings are described. | 2007 | 17966333 |
| composition of intestinal enterobacteriaceae populations of healthy domestic pigs. | in this study, the enterobacteriaceae microbiota, including their diversity as well as the distribution of haemolytic and virulence gene-harbouring escherichia coli of 56-day-old healthy piglets, was characterized. both the composition and the diversity of enterobacteriaceae populations varied considerably between individual pigs and intestinal sections. e. coli, enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii and klebsiella pneumoniae dominated the enterobacteriaceae microbiota. however, mucosa-asso ... | 2007 | 17975092 |
| detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among enterobacteriaceae by use of semiautomated microbiology systems and manual detection procedures. | three commercially available microbiology identification and susceptibility testing systems were compared with regard to their ability to detect extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) production in enterobacteriaceae, i.e., the phoenix automated microbiology system (bd diagnostic systems, sparks, md), the vitek 2 system (biomérieux, marcy l'etoile, france), and the microscan walkaway-96 system (dade behring, inc., west sacramento, ca), using routine testing panels. one hundred fifty putative es ... | 2007 | 17287329 |
| influence of amino acids on low-density escherichia coli responses to nutrient downshifts. | a vast bibliography on nutrient effects on high-density cultures exists, while it has been overlooked that low densities of starving cells are often the rule in natural environments. by means of a novel sensitive beta-galactosidase assay, we examined escherichia coli transitions to minimal media when the cell concentration was 100 to 10,000 cells per ml. as in high-density cultures, the enzyme activity depended on amino acid availability and was subject to catabolite repression and stringent con ... | 2007 | 17293414 |
| prevalence and diversity of qnr alleles in ampc-producing enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, citrobacter freundii and serratia marcescens: a multicentre study from korea. | to investigate the prevalence of qnr determinants, their influence on quinolone susceptibility and their association with other plasmid-mediated genes in ampc-producing enterobacteriaceae without any selection criteria. | 2007 | 17660263 |
| plasmid-encoded acc-4, an extended-spectrum cephalosporinase variant from escherichia coli. | acc-4, an omega loop mutant (val(211)-->gly) of the hafnia alvei-derived cephalosporinase acc-1, was encoded by an escherichia coli plasmid. the genetic environment of bla(acc-4) shared similarities with plasmidic regions carrying bla(acc-1). kinetics of beta-lactam hydrolysis and levels of resistance to beta-lactams showed that acc-4 was more effective than acc-1 against expanded-spectrum cephalosporins. | 2007 | 17664321 |
| identification of human pathogens isolated from blood using microarray hybridisation and signal pattern recognition. | pathogen identification in clinical routine is based on the cultivation of microbes with subsequent morphological and physiological characterisation lasting at least 24 hours. however, early and accurate identification is a crucial requisite for fast and optimally targeted antimicrobial treatment. molecular biology based techniques allow fast identification, however discrimination of very closely related species remains still difficult. | 2007 | 17697354 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of the pctx-m3 plasmid and its involvement in spread of the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase gene blactx-m-3. | here we report the nucleotide sequence of pctx-m3, a highly conjugative plasmid that is responsible for the extensive spread of the gene coding for the ctx-m-3 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in clinical populations of the family enterobacteriaceae in poland. the plasmid belongs to the incl/m incompatibility group, is 89,468 bp in size, and carries 103 putative genes. besides bla(ctx-m-3), it also bears the bla(tem-1), aacc2, and arma genes, as well as integronic aada2, dfra12, and sul1, which ... | 2007 | 17698626 |
| antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative bacilli causing infections in intensive care unit patients in the united states between 1993 and 2004. | during the 12-year period from 1993 to 2004, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of 74,394 gram-negative bacillus isolates recovered from intensive care unit (icu) patients in united states hospitals were determined by participating hospitals and collected in a central location. mics for 12 different agents were determined using a standardized broth microdilution method. the 11 organisms most frequently isolated were pseudomonas aeruginosa (22.2%), escherichia coli (18.8%), klebsiella pneumoni ... | 2007 | 17715376 |
| prevalence and expression of the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant qnra1. | since its discovery, qnra has been found in most common enterobacteriaceae. ciprofloxacin mics conferred by different qnra-positive plasmids could range from 0.1 microg/ml to 2 microg/ml in escherichia coli j53. the reasons for different ciprofloxacin mics conferred by qnra have not been fully clarified. five hundred forty-one consecutive gram-negative clinical strains that were resistant or intermediate to ciprofloxacin and that were isolated in shanghai in 2005 were screened for qnra by pcr. f ... | 2007 | 17724159 |
| a canadian immigrant with coinfection of strongyloides stercoralis and human t-lymphotropic virus 1. | 2007 | 17724322 | |
| a generalized transducing phage for the murine pathogen citrobacter rodentium. | a virulent phage (phicr1) capable of generalized transduction in citrobacter rodentium was isolated from the environment and characterized. c. rodentium is a natural pathogen of mice, causing transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia. sequencing of its genome has recently been completed and will soon be fully annotated and published. c. rodentium is an important model organism for infections caused by the human pathogens enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (epec and ehec). ph ... | 2007 | 17768241 |
| impact of feed supplementation with antimicrobial agents on growth performance of broiler chickens, clostridium perfringens and enterococcus counts, and antibiotic resistance phenotypes and distribution of antimicrobial resistance determinants in escherichia coli isolates. | the effects of feed supplementation with the approved antimicrobial agents bambermycin, penicillin, salinomycin, and bacitracin or a combination of salinomycin plus bacitracin were evaluated for the incidence and distribution of antibiotic resistance in 197 commensal escherichia coli isolates from broiler chickens over 35 days. all isolates showed some degree of multiple antibiotic resistance. resistance to tetracycline (68.5%), amoxicillin (61.4%), ceftiofur (51.3%), spectinomycin (47.2%), and ... | 2007 | 17827305 |
| [the antibacterial activity of fluoroquinolones against gram-negative bacteria isolated from gifu prefecture (2005)]. | we investigated the susceptibility to 6 fluoroquinolones against 433 strains of gram-negative bacteria isolated from 6 medical facilities in gifu prefecture between january and september in 2005, determined by the agar dilution methods in according with the japan society of chemotherapy. we also investigated the correlation between the degree of resistance to fluoroquinolones and the amino acid substitutions in the quinolone resistance-determining region (qrdr). the tested clinical isolates were ... | 2007 | 17867488 |
| the continuing challenge of esbls. | since their first description more than 20 years ago, escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae possessing extended-spectrum class a beta-lactamases (esbls) continue to thwart our best clinical efforts. in the 'early years' the most common beta-lactamases were of the tem and shv varieties. now, ctx-m enzymes are being discovered throughout the world and are becoming the most prevalent beta-lactamases found in clinical isolates. the k. pneumoniae carbapenemases (kpc) (esbl-type enzymes that conf ... | 2007 | 17875405 |
| purification and characterization of enterocin 62-6, a two-peptide bacteriocin produced by a vaginal strain of enterococcus faecium: potential significance in bacterial vaginosis. | a bacteriocin produced by a vaginal isolate of enterococcus faecium strain 62-6, designated enterocin 62-6, was characterized following purification and dna sequence analysis and compared to previously described bacteriocins. enterocin 62-6 was isolated from brain heart infusion (bhi) culture supernatants using ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by elution from a sepharose cation exchange column using a continuous salt gradient (0.1-0.7 m nacl). sds-page of an active column fraction resulte ... | 2007 | 19578555 |
| incidence of multidrug-resistant organisms causing ventilator-associated pneumonia in a tertiary care hospital: a nine months' prospective study. | ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) is an important intensive care unit (icu) infection in mechanically ventilated patients. vap occurs approximately in 9-27% of all intubated patients. due to the increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant organisms in icus, early and correct diagnosis of vap is an urgent challenge for an optimal antibiotic treatment. | 2007 | 19727346 |
| evolution of the chaperone/usher assembly pathway: fimbrial classification goes greek. | many proteobacteria use the chaperone/usher pathway to assemble proteinaceous filaments on the bacterial surface. these filaments can curl into fimbrial or nonfimbrial surface structures (e.g., a capsule or spore coat). this article reviews the phylogeny of operons belonging to the chaperone/usher assembly class to explore the utility of establishing a scheme for subdividing them into clades of phylogenetically related gene clusters. based on usher amino acid sequence comparisons, our analysis s ... | 2007 | 18063717 |
| tetrameric restriction enzymes: expansion to the giy-yig nuclease family. | the giy-yig nuclease domain was originally identified in homing endonucleases and enzymes involved in dna repair and recombination. many of the giy-yig family enzymes are functional as monomers. we show here that the cfr42i restriction endonuclease which belongs to the giy-yig family and recognizes the symmetric sequence 5'-ccgc/gg-3' ('/' indicates the cleavage site) is a tetramer in solution. moreover, biochemical and kinetic studies provided here demonstrate that the cfr42i tetramer is cataly ... | 2007 | 18086711 |
| tetrameric restriction enzymes: expansion to the giy-yig nuclease family. | the giy-yig nuclease domain was originally identified in homing endonucleases and enzymes involved in dna repair and recombination. many of the giy-yig family enzymes are functional as monomers. we show here that the cfr42i restriction endonuclease which belongs to the giy-yig family and recognizes the symmetric sequence 5'-ccgc/gg-3' ('/' indicates the cleavage site) is a tetramer in solution. moreover, biochemical and kinetic studies provided here demonstrate that the cfr42i tetramer is cataly ... | 2007 | 18086711 |
| antimicrobial activities of tigecycline and other broad-spectrum antimicrobials tested against serine carbapenemase- and metallo-beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae: report from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program. | a total of 104 carbapenemase (serine- and metallo-beta-lactamase [mbetal])-producing strains of the enterobacteriaceae family collected from 2000 to 2005 in medical centers distributed worldwide were tested against tigecycline and 25 comparators by reference broth microdilution methods. the most frequent carbapenemase was kpc-2 or -3 (73 strains), followed by vim-1 (14), imp-1 (11), sme-2 (5), and nmc-a (1). all serine carbapenemases were detected in the united states, while mbetal-producing str ... | 2007 | 18070960 |
| antimicrobial activities of tigecycline and other broad-spectrum antimicrobials tested against serine carbapenemase- and metallo-beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae: report from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program. | a total of 104 carbapenemase (serine- and metallo-beta-lactamase [mbetal])-producing strains of the enterobacteriaceae family collected from 2000 to 2005 in medical centers distributed worldwide were tested against tigecycline and 25 comparators by reference broth microdilution methods. the most frequent carbapenemase was kpc-2 or -3 (73 strains), followed by vim-1 (14), imp-1 (11), sme-2 (5), and nmc-a (1). all serine carbapenemases were detected in the united states, while mbetal-producing str ... | 2007 | 18070960 |
| evaluation of the inoculation procedure using a 0.25 mcfarland standard for the bd phoenix automated microbiology system. | 2007 | 17913926 | |
| microtitre plate-based antibacterial assay incorporating resazurin as an indicator of cell growth, and its application in the in vitro antibacterial screening of phytochemicals. | the resazurin assay utilising microtitre-plate, described by drummond and waigh in 2000, has been modified to achieve more accuracy in the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) values of natural products, including crude extracts, chromatographic fractions or purified compounds against various bacterial strains. this modified resazurin method is simple, sensitive, rapid, robust and reliable, and could be used successfully to assess antibacterial properties of natural produc ... | 2007 | 17560319 |
| preservation of integron types among enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in a spanish hospital over a 15-year period (1988 to 2003). | the variable presence of integrons among extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae species (0 to 66%) is described. association between bla(esbl) and integrons occurred when these are linked to specific esbl-type genes (in60 bearing iscr1 and bla(ctx-m-9)) or when esbl genes were superimposed onto selected plasmids carrying integrons. some integrons were identical to those found during decades worldwide, illustrating the preservation of the genetic elements carrying th ... | 2007 | 17404002 |
| development of an advanced electrochemical dna biosensor for bacterial pathogen detection. | electrochemical sensors have the capacity for rapid and accurate detection of a wide variety of target molecules in biological fluids. we have developed an electrochemical sensor assay involving hybridization of bacterial 16s rrna to fluorescein-modified detector probes and to biotin-modified capture probes anchored to the sensor surface. signal is generated by an oxidation-reduction current produced by the action of horseradish peroxidase conjugated to an anti-fluorescein monoclonal fab. a prev ... | 2007 | 17384207 |
| reevaluation of clinical and laboratory standards institute disk diffusion breakpoints for tetracyclines for testing enterobacteriaceae. | we reevaluated enterobacteriaceae disk diffusion breakpoints for the tetracyclines published in the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) document m100-s16, which were (susceptible/resistant) >or=19 mm/<or=14 mm for tetracycline, >or=16 mm/<or=12 mm for doxycycline, and >or=19 mm/<or=14 mm for minocycline. a collection of 504 recent clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae were tested against these tetracycline compounds by disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods according to ... | 2007 | 17360844 |
| 16s rrna methylase-producing, gram-negative pathogens, japan. | to investigate the exact isolation frequency of 16s rrna methylase-producing, gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, we tested 87,626 clinical isolates from 169 hospitals. twenty-six strains from 16 hospitals harbored 16s rrna methylase genes, which suggests sparse but diffuse spread of pan-aminoglycoside-resistant microbes in japan. | 2007 | 17553289 |
| evaluation of the merlin micronaut system for rapid direct susceptibility testing of gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli from positive blood cultures. | bloodstream infections are life-threatening conditions which require the timely initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. we evaluated the automated merlin micronaut system for rapid direct microtiter broth antimicrobial susceptibility testing (ast) of gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli from bactec 9240 bottles with positive blood cultures in comparison to the standard method for the merlin micronaut system. this prospective study was conducted under routine working conditions ... | 2007 | 17202283 |
| modes and modulations of antibiotic resistance gene expression. | since antibiotic resistance usually affords a gain of function, there is an associated biological cost resulting in a loss of fitness of the bacterial host. considering that antibiotic resistance is most often only transiently advantageous to bacteria, an efficient and elegant way for them to escape the lethal action of drugs is the alteration of resistance gene expression. it appears that expression of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is frequently regulated, which indicates that modulation ... | 2007 | 17223624 |
| zoo animals as reservoirs of gram-negative bacteria harboring integrons and antimicrobial resistance genes. | a total of 232 isolates of gram-negative bacteria were recovered from mammals, reptiles, and birds housed at asa zoological park, hiroshima prefecture, japan. forty-nine isolates (21.1%) showed multidrug resistance phenotypes and harbored at least one antimicrobial resistance gene. pcr and dna sequencing identified class 1 and class 2 integrons and many beta-lactamase-encoding genes, in addition to a novel ampc beta-lactamase gene, bla(cmy-26). furthermore, the plasmid-mediated quinolone resista ... | 2007 | 17720829 |