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large-scale growth of bordetella pertussis for production of extracellular toxin. 19902192661
a dna hybridization test for detection of bordetella in nasopharyngeal specimens.a cloned bam h1 fragment of genomic bordetella pertussis dna which recognized a frequently repeated sequence in the genome of b. pertussis was used as a probe in a dna hybridization assay for the detection of bordetella. extensive studies on cross-reactivity were carried out in standardized strains and in cultured swab specimens from patients without suspected pertussis. hybridizations of cultured clinical specimens from 142 patients with suspected pertussis were in complete agreement with the s ...19902199823
biological properties of lipopolysaccharides from bordetella species.biological activities of lipopolysaccharides (lps) extracted from bordetella pertussis, b. parapertussis and b. bronchiseptica were compared with those of escherichia coli lps. the lps preparations from b. pertussis showed biological activities comparable to those of e. coli lps in terms of lethal toxicity in galactosamine-sensitized mice, pyrogenicity in rabbits, mitogenicity in c3h/he spleen cell cultures, macrophage activation, and induction of tumour necrosis factor. all the activities of lp ...19902202781
intratumoral induction of tumour necrosis factor by systemic administration of bordetella pertussis vaccine.intratumoral induction of tumour necrosis factor (tnf) by administration of bordetella pertussis vaccine (bpv) as compared with that by the agent ok-432 was investigated in mice. two hours after such administration tumour tissues tested were resected from the mice, homogenised, and the tnf activities in the homogenate were assayed using a l-929 fibroblast assay. intravenous injection of bpv into mice bearing the mm46 carcinoma resulted in a greater concentration of tnf in the tumour homogenate t ...19902206945
the subunit s1 is important for pertussis toxin secretion.pertussis toxin is a protein containing five noncovalently linked subunits which are assembled into the monomer a (containing the subunit s1) and the oligomer b (containing subunits s2, s3, s4, and s5 in a 1:1:2:1 ratio). each of the five subunits is synthesized as a precursor containing a secretory leader peptide and is secreted into the periplasm of bordetella pertussis where the five subunits are assembled into the oligomeric structure and then released into the culture medium. in the absence ...19902211659
[efficacy of acellular pertussis vaccine].an outbreak of pertussis occurred in one room of a residential facility where 19 children aged 5 to 36 months were residing. they were prospectively surveyed to estimate the efficacy of acellular pertussis vaccine. among the 19 residents, 9 were immunized with acellular pertussis vaccine. among the 19 residents, 9 were immunized with acellular dtp vaccine and 10 were unimmunized. the spread of pertussis was surveyed bacteriologically and serologically for 2 months. among the 9 immunized, 7 child ...19902212750
antimicrobial effect of human milk on bordetella pertussis.it has been demonstrated that human milk, unlike bovine milk, can reduce the viability of bordetella pertussis. this antibacterial activity was not due to the presence of antibiotics or antibodies in the human milk. reducing the level of available iron or increasing the concentration of lysozyme in bovine milk did not induce anti-b. pertussis activity. analysis of total fatty acids revealed that human milk contained significantly more linoleic acid than bovine milk. however, the addition of lino ...19902227362
adenylate cyclase toxin of bordetella pertussis: production, purification, and partial characterization.bordetella pertussis produces a number of virulence determinants which contribute to its pathogenicity. one factor, the adenylate cyclase toxin (act), has been suggested to directly penetrate human phagocytes and disrupt their normal function by direct production of intracellular cyclic amp (camp). experiments evaluating the production of cell-associated act in liquid cultures of b. pertussis 504 demonstrated that the greatest activity was observed during mid-log-phase growth. urea extracts of c ...19902228232
engineering of genetically detoxified pertussis toxin analogs for development of a recombinant whooping cough vaccine.pertussis toxin (pt) is an important protective antigen in vaccines against whooping cough, and a genetically detoxified pt analog is the preferred form of the immunogen. several amino acids of the s1 subunit were identified as functionally critical residues by site-directed mutagenesis, specifically, those at positions 9, 13, 26, 35, 41, 58, and 129. eighty-three mutated pt operons were introduced into bordetella parapertussis, and the resultant toxin analogs were screened for expression levels ...19902228237
analysis of a repetitive dna sequence from bordetella pertussis and its application to the diagnosis of pertussis using the polymerase chain reaction.a tandemly repeated 1,046-base-pair (bp) clai dna fragment from bordetella pertussis was cloned into escherichia coli by using the vector puc19. this fragment, when isolated, hybridized strongly to dna from all 100 clinical isolates of b. pertussis tested. it was shown to have homology to single-copy sequences in bordetella bronchiseptica but not bordetella parapertussis and did not hybridize to lysate blots of a wide range of other bacteria, including members of the closely related genera paste ...19902229381
isolation and characterization of the reca gene of bordetella pertussis.this report describes the detection and cloning of the bordetella pertussis reca gene. escherichia coli clones having recombinant plasmids containing the b. pertussis reca gene were isolated by complementing an e. coli reca- mutant's inability to survive in the presence of methylmethanesulphonate (mms). this gene was shown to complement the deficiency of e. coli reca- strains to tolerate the dna-damaging effects of both a chemical agent and ultraviolet light (u.v.). deletion mapping experiments ...19902233253
[the formation of a test system for assessing the safety of different types of pertussis preparations: their cytotoxic action on mouse thymocytes in vitro].the test for the evaluation of the toxicity of different types of pertussis preparations as manifested by their in vitro influence on mouse thymic cells (t test) has been finally worked out. the use of the t test has made it possible to reveal the nonstandard character of the production lots of adsorbed diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccines, both whole-cell vaccine and japanese acellular vaccine. the degree of the in vitro damaging action of pertussis preparations on mouse thymic cells greatly d ...19902251892
production of tumor necrosis factors alpha and beta by human mononuclear leukocytes stimulated with mitogens, bacteria, and malarial parasites.tumor necrosis factors alpha and beta (tnf-alpha and tnf-beta) are multifaceted polypeptide cytokines which may mediate some of the significant changes in cellular homeostasis which accompany the invasion of the mammalian host by viruses, bacteria, and parasites. although it is well established that bacterial lipopolysaccharide is a potent inducer of tnf-alpha, there is still very little known of the types of agents which can trigger the production of tnfs in mononuclear leukocytes. using an enz ...19902254024
mechanism of pertussis toxin b oligomer-mediated protection against bordetella pertussis respiratory infection.immunization with the b oligomer of pertussis toxin protected neonatal mice from a lethal respiratory challenge with bordetella pertussis. all mice immunized with 8 micrograms of b oligomer survived aerosol challenge and had peripheral leukocyte counts and weight gains similar to those of mice immunized with pertussis toxoid before challenge and to those of control mice that were not challenged. unprotected mice challenged with an aerosol of b. pertussis had an increase in peripheral leukocyte c ...19902254030
acellular and whole cell pertussis vaccines protect against the lethal effects of intracerebral challenge by two different t-cell dependent humoral routes.athymic (nu/nu) and euthymic (+/nu) balb/c mice were immunized with a whole cell pertussis vaccine or with an acellular vaccine which contained detoxified pertussis toxin (pt) and filamentous hemagglutinin (fha). only the euthymic mice were protected against intracerebral challenge with virulent bordetella pertussis which implies involvement of t-cells. as a cell transfer from mice immunized with whole cell or acellular vaccine prior to the challenge did not protect naive euthymic recipients, ce ...19902257130
intrinsic fluorescence of a truncated bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase expressed in escherichia coli.a truncated, 432 residue long, bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase expressed in escherichia coli was analyzed for intrinsic fluorescence properties. the two tryptophans (trp69 and trp242) of adenylate cyclase, each situated in close proximity to residues important for catalysis or binding of calmodulin (cam), produced overlapping fluorescence emission bands upon excitation at 295 nm. cam, alone or in association with low concentrations of urea, induced important modifications in the spectra o ...19902261468
positive transcriptional feedback at the bvg locus controls expression of virulence factors in bordetella pertussis. 19902263607
[genetic control of experimental autoimmune uveitis in rats].differences in susceptibility to experimental autoimmune uveitis (eau) among rats of various strains have been reported. the present study was aimed at separating the effects of the major histocompatibility antigen complex (mhc) and non-mhc genes on the development of eau. eau-susceptible lew, eau-resistant wkah, wkah, 1l mhc congenic strain rats representing mhc of lew on wkah genetic background, and other nine inbred strains of rats were examined for their ability to develop eau by immunizatio ...19902265820
transfer of susceptibility to experimental autoimmune orchitis from responder to non-responder substrains of balb/c mice.substrains of balb/c mice differ in their susceptibility to experimental autoimmune orchitis (eao), with balb/cj representative of the non-responders and balb/cby representative of the responders. we examined whether the susceptibility of these two substrains could be altered by reciprocal adoptive transfer of lymphoid cells. the cells transferred were of three types, normal spleen cells, t cell-enriched spleen and lymph node cells from mice immunized with testis homogenate (th) in complete freu ...19902266540
etiologic, clinical, and pathologic analysis of 31 fatal cases of acute respiratory tract infection in argentinian children under 5 years of age.during a 3-year survey of 805 children with acute lower respiratory tract infection (alri) who were admitted to three hospitals in buenos aires, 31 fatal cases were recorded--a fatality rate of 3.8%. of the 31 children who died, 77% were less than 1 year of age, 48% were boys, 58% were malnourished, 29% had previous respiratory disease, and 22% had previous congenital disease. all children who died had clinical diagnoses of pneumonia (71%) or bronchiolitis (29%). autopsies were performed in 14 o ...19902270406
etiologic and clinical evaluation of acute lower respiratory tract infections in young argentinian children: an overview.this paper summarizes the first study on clinical, etiologic, and epidemiologic features of acute lower respiratory tract infection (alri) in children in argentina. a total of 1,003 children less than 5 years of age (805 inpatients and 198 outpatients) presenting with alri were studied during a 40-month period. nasopharyngeal aspirate (npa), blood, urine, and throat-swab samples were collected when each child was first seen for care. virologic studies were performed on the npa by means of indire ...19902270411
association of a 38 kda bovine serum protein with the outer membrane of bordetella pertussis.upon cultivation of bordetella pertussis in bovine serum, a 38 kda protein was found to be tightly associated with the outer membrane. the intensity of the 40 kda porin was reduced under these growth conditions. exposure of bordetella pertussis, grown in stainer and scholte medium, to bovine serum for 1 h did not result in the appearance of the 38 kda protein. unlike the 40 kda porin however, the electrophoretic mobility of this protein was affected neither by temperature of denaturation nor by ...19902272496
[the effect of endogenous tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-induction therapy in the model of vx-2 ovarian carcinoma in the rabbit].the rabbit ovarian carcinoma model was prepared by injecting vx-2 carcinoma into the ovary and the effects of endogenous tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-induction therapy in combination with chemotherapy were studied. in this model, carcinoma metastasizes easily to the abdominal cavity, lung and liver, and resists treatment. endogenous tnf was induced by a series of injections of ok-432 0.3ke and ok-432 3ke at 3 hour intervals (ok-ok group), or 1 x 10(10) cells of bordetella pertussis vaccine (bpv g ...19902273301
hemagglutination activities of purified pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin against erythrocytes from various animals.the hemagglutinating (ha) activities of purified pertussis toxin (pt) and filamentous hemagglutinin (fha) were evaluated against unfixed and glutaraldehyde-fixed erythrocytes from ox, goose, horse, monkey, sheep, chicken, and rabbit. both pt and fha showed ha activities against fixed and unfixed erythrocytes from all the animals studied. the ha titers of fha were higher than those of pt. the ha activities of fha and pt were not destroyed completely even after heating these preparations at 56 c f ...19902283955
the effect of amphiphilic polymers on growth of bordetella pertussis and production of b. pertussis haemagglutinins.the effect, upon addition to a culture medium of amphiphilic polymers such as partly hydrolysed polyvinyl acetate (pvac) or partly methylated cellulose (mecel) on growth and production of haemagglutinins--the filamentous haemagglutinin (fha) and the pertussis toxin (pt)--has been investigated. as a result, an increase of ha-titer and pt could be achieved. besides these effects the addition of the amphiphilic polymers stimulated growth of b. pertussis. the above results are comparable to, or even ...19902285502
bordetella pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin: evaluation as a protective antigen and colonization factor in a mouse respiratory infection model.filamentous hemagglutinin (fha) is a cell surface protein of bordetella pertussis which functions as an adhesin for this organism. it is a component of many new acellular pertussis vaccines. the proposed role of fha in immunity to pertussis is based on animal studies which have produced some conflicting results. to clarify this situation, we reexamined the protective activity of fha in an adult mouse respiratory infection model. four-week-old balb/c mice were immunized with one or two doses of 4 ...19902294058
characterization of the protective capacity and immunogenicity of the 69-kd outer membrane protein of bordetella pertussis.immunization with the 69-kd outer membrane protein (omp) of bordetella pertussis protected neonatal mice against lethal respiratory challenge with b. pertussis 18323. active immunization elicited a serum igg anti-69-kd omp response at the time of challenge, with igg anti-69-kd omp antibodies detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after challenge. intravenous administration of bpe8, a monoclonal igg1 anti-69-kd omp, also protected young mice against b. pertussis challenge. intravenously injecte ...19902295882
variations in the carbohydrate regions of bordetella pertussis lipopolysaccharides: electrophoretic, serological, and structural features.structural and immunological differences between the two components that are usually present in unequal quantities in bordetella pertussis endotoxin preparations and are visualized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis have been studied by using strains 1414, a100, and 134, all in phase i. according to analyses by both sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and thin-layer chromatography, the minor (8%) component of the endotoxin of strain 1414 (endotoxin ...19902298694
history of whooping cough in nonvaccinated swedish children, related to serum antibodies to pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin.the aim of this study was to examine whether there is a correlation between parental information on the child's history of whooping cough and the presence or absence of serum antibodies against two antigens of bordetella pertussis, pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin, in nonvaccinated swedish children. the parents of 266 swedish children aged 1 to 4 years answered a questionnaire regarding the child's history of whooping cough, and a serum sample was obtained from the child for determi ...19902299488
toxicokinetics of bordetella pertussis.pertussis vaccine immunization is required in most of the 50 states in the united states. since it is required or recommended it is imperative that the clinician give this vaccine, crude as it is, in the safest possible environment. giving specific active (verbal) as well as passive (written) instructions to the parent or caretakers is mandatory. if in doubt, defer or delete the pertussis portion.19902301154
protective immunogenicity of two synthetic peptides selected from the amino acid sequence of bordetella pertussis toxin subunit s1.two peptides, corresponding to amino acids 1-17 and 169-186 of the amino acid sequence of pertussis toxin (pt) subunit s1, were synthesized and coupled to the diphtheria toxin cross-reactive mutant protein crm 197 and evaluated for immunogenicity and protective capacity against pt challenge in vivo. the peptide-crm conjugates induced high antibody titers against native toxin in mice (balb/c, c57/black, and outbred nmri) as measured by elisa. upon pt challenge (0.5 microgram of toxin) of the nmri ...19902304902
soluble antigen abrogates the appearance of anti-protein igg1-forming cell precursors during primary immunization.the anti-human serum albumin (hsa) b-cell repertoire of c57bl/6 mice was examined by culturing splenocytes at limiting dilution following polyclonal stimulation with escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide and a lymphokine mixture. the frequency of anti-hsa precursors was determined before and after immunization with alum-precipitated hsa and 10(9) killed bordetella pertussis organisms, by submitting clonal supernatants to an elisa. anti-hsa igg1-forming precursors were rare in unimmunized spleens, ...19902304921
widespread silent transmission of pertussis in families: antibody correlates of infection and symptomatology.four children with pertussis and their 18 family members were subjects of a 1-year study to detect infection and antibody responses to bordetella pertussis. attack rate for pertussis infection in contacts was 83%. two-thirds of cases in these immunized contacts were subclinical. all infected family contacts had diagnostically elevated serologic tests for pertussis at the time the index case was diagnosed. culture identified only 20% of infected contacts. infected individuals had a mean of 5.5 of ...19902313126
purification and analysis of the antigenicity of a 69,000 da protein from bordetella pertussis.a purification scheme was devised for a 69-kda outer membrane protein of bordetella pertussis, a virulence-associated protein which may play a role in the pathogenesis of the organism. the protein was purified to apparent homogeneity by heating b. pertussis cells for 1 h at 60 degrees c followed by deae-sepharose and affi-gel blue chromatography. antibodies found in sera obtained from patients diagnosed as having pertussis reacted with this protein. this purification scheme should be useful for ...19902323550
synthesis and secretion of bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase as a 200-kilodalton protein.bordetella pertussis, the etiological agent of whooping cough, synthesizes a calmodulin-sensitive adenylate cyclase that is suspected to play a major role in the virulence of this bacterium. we show that adenylate cyclase synthesized as a 200-kilodalton protein is the product of the cyaa gene and that various virulent bordetella species secrete this high-molecular-weight polypeptide without apparent proteolytic processing. when submitted to trypsin digestion, the 200-kilodalton protein was conve ...19902323814
serologic diagnosis of pertussis: evaluation of pertussis toxin and other antigens in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.igm, iga, and igg antibodies to bordetella pertussis were measured in paired sera from 34 patients who were culture-positive for pertussis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with disrupted b. pertussis bacteria, purified pertussis toxin, or outer membrane proteins (omp) as antigens. paired sera from 50 patients with other respiratory infections were used as controls. the sensitivities of the assays from paired sera were 61%, 90%, and 90% and specificities were 98%, 92%, and 72%, respec ...19902324547
roles of the disulfide bond and the carboxy-terminal region of the s1 subunit in the assembly and biosynthesis of pertussis toxin.a bordetella pertussis expression system was developed to analyze the structure-function relationship, in vivo assembly, and biosynthesis of pertussis toxin. the toxin structural gene was first deleted from the b. pertussis chromosome; into the resulting b. pertussis strain the toxin gene was introduced on a low-copy-number, broad-host-range plasmid. the amount of pertussis toxin produced and secreted with this expression system was in the same order of magnitude as that produced by b. pertussis ...19902341166
[comparison of cefsulodin and cephalexin as selective agents in agar for bordetella pertussis].cefsulodin (12 mg/l) was evaluated as an alternative to cephalexin (40 mg/l) as selective agent in agar for isolation of bordetella pertussis from clinical specimens. charcoal horse blood agar with cefsulodin and with cephalexin supported growth of bordetella pertussis strains (n = 50) equally well. the nasopharyngeal flora of healthy adults (n = 49) was suppressed significantly better by cephalexin, but colony numbers of flora on the agar with cefsulodin in general were low.19902351408
simple, efficient purification of filamentous hemagglutinin and pertussis toxin from bordetella pertussis by hydrophobic and affinity interaction.two major antigens of bordetella pertussis, filamentous hemagglutinin (fha) and pertussis toxin (pt), were efficiently purified from culture filtrate by exploiting their relative hydrophobicities and differences in affinity to sialic acid-containing protein. high yields of fha (40 to 80 mg/liter) and pt (8 to 16 mg/liter) were first produced by growing the bacteria in the modified cl medium. the fha and pt in the culture filtrate were adsorbed onto butyl-sepharose by hydrophobic interaction at a ...19902351723
preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of holotoxin from bordetella pertussis.pertussis (whooping cough) is a serious infectious disease caused by the bacterium bordetella pertussis. one of the major virulence factors is a protein known as pertussis toxin, which is composed of six subunits, with a total molecular weight of 106,000. enzymatic transfer of adp-ribose from nad to a family of gtp-binding proteins is effected by the largest subunit (s1 or the a monomer), while binding of host cells and entry of s1 to the interior is a function of the other subunits (the b oligo ...19902352276
protection of mice inoculated with purified pertussis toxin and filamentous haemagglutinin against intracerebral challenge with live bordetella pertussis. 19902363304
recognition of a bacterial adhesion by an integrin: macrophage cr3 (alpha m beta 2, cd11b/cd18) binds filamentous hemagglutinin of bordetella pertussis.during the course of whooping cough, bordetella pertussis interacts with alveolar macrophages and other leukocytes on the respiratory epithelium. we report here mechanisms by which these bacteria adhere to human macrophages in vitro. whole bacteria adhere by means of two proteins, filamentous hemagglutinin (fha) and pertussis toxin, either of which is sufficient to mediate adherence. fha interacts with two classes of molecules on macrophages, galactose-containing glycoconjugates and the integrin ...19902364431
active and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in wbb6f1 mouse, a mast cell-deficient strain.wbb6f1 mouse, a mast cell-deficient strain, was tested for active and passive cutaneous anaphylactic reactions. active cutaneous anaphylaxis was not produced in mice which had been immunized for 1 to 2 weeks by an intraperitoneal injection of bovine serum albumin with either adjuvant, freund's complete adjuvant or bordetella pertussis organisms, even though circulatory ige and igg1 antibodies were raised. passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (pca) was also absent, when the mice had been sensitized with ...19902365426
a new assay for invasion of hela 229 cells by bordetella pertussis: effects of inhibitors, phenotypic modulation, and genetic alterations.invasion and intracellular survival of bordetella pertussis in hela 229 cells was studied by a new assay that utilizes polymyxin b instead of gentamicin to rapidly kill extracellular organisms. invasion measured by this assay was time and temperature dependent and was inhibited by the microfilament drug cytochalasin d. the invasion process was also dependent on a functional vir locus (also known as bvg), the positive regulator of virulence gene expression in b. pertussis. four spontaneous vir- p ...19902370104
murine antibody response to oral infection with live aroa recombinant salmonella dublin vaccine strains expressing filamentous hemagglutinin antigen from bordetella pertussis.two plasmids which express either nearly intact or truncated filamentous hemagglutinin (fha) from bordetella pertussis and which are marked with a tetracycline resistance (tcr) gene were transformed into salmonella dublin sl1438, an aroa deletion mutant intended for use as an attenuated oral vaccine against salmonellosis. these s. dublin recombinants, when fed to mice, induced serum immunoglobulin, immunoglobulin m (igm), and sometimes iga antibody responses to fha and s. dublin. in addition, ig ...19902370105
the vir locus affects the response of bordetella pertussis to antibiotics: phenotypic tolerance and control of autolysis.eradication of bordetella pertussis from the respiratory tract occurs slowly even when bactericidal antibiotics are used. the rate of killing of b. pertussis was found to be proportional to growth rate: virulent, slowly growing strains were killed over days, while rapidly growing strains (either avirulent or virulent modulated by growth conditions to avirulent) were killed over hours. minimum inhibitory concentrations and binding of antibiotics to membrane targets were equivalent in virulent and ...19902373881
antibodies to bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase are produced in man during pertussis infection and after vaccination.bordetella pertussis produces several potential virulence factors. one of these is an adenylate cyclase which penetrates eukaryotic cells, is activated by calmodulin and generates high levels of intracellular camp. we have found that pertussis infection in man leads to production of high titres (2000-8000) of anti-b. pertussis adenylate cyclase antibodies. such antibodies also are produced after pertussis vaccination. they persist into adulthood, cross the placenta and disappear a few months aft ...19902374155
quantitation of pertussis toxin in an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay with improved specificity.the quantitation of pertussis toxin (pt) in two sandwich elisas was tested for specificity. the detection of the captured pt was obtained by using either polyspecific rabbit anti bordetella pertussis serum (rabp-elisa) or a monoclonal anti-pt antibody (mcapt-elisa). no major differences in the estimation of pt in highly purified preparations were noted using either elisa variants. in contrast, the quantitation of pt in crude extracts of b. pertussis cultures by the rabp-elisa was found to be ove ...19902375859
nucleotide sequence of the reca gene of bordetella pertussis. 19902377463
evidence for a dna inversion system in bordetella pertussis.the expression of virulence-associated genes in bordetella pertussis can be lost in three ways: phase variation, antigenic modulation, or serotype conversion. the mechanism(s) of these alterations in gene expression is unclear. b. pertussis chromosomal dna was probed with cloned pin genes from escherichia coli and cloned hin genes from salmonella typhimurium. dna duplex melting temperature experiments indicated significant homology between b. pertussis chromosomal dna and both dna inversion gene ...19902379807
role of leukotriene d4 in the early and late pulmonary responses of rats to allergen challenge.to examine the role of leukotriene d4 (ltd4) in early and late pulmonary responses to antigen, we evaluated the effects of two ltd4, antagonists, mk-571 and fpl-57231, on the changes in pulmonary resistance (rl) in the 8-h period following antigen challenge of allergic rats. a total of 69 rats, aged 6 to 8 wk, were sensitized to subcutaneous ovalbumin (oa, 1 mg) and intraperitoneal bordetella pertussis vaccine (6 x 10(9) bacilli). at 14 days after sensitization, rats were anesthetized with intra ...19902382899
the mouse as a model of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (eau).an eau model has been developed in the mouse using the retinal soluble antigen (sag), and the interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (irbp). immunogenetic studies indicate that sensitivity to disease is h-2 dependent, but some data suggest that non-mhc genes may also contribute to the regulation of eau. irbp was a more potent uveitogen than sag. ability to mount lymphocyte and antibody responses was exhibited both by eau-susceptible and by eau-resistant strains, and could not be used as a p ...19902384008
in vitro susceptibilities of bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis to six new oral cephalosporins.of six new oral cephalosporins, cefixime and cefpodoxime were the most active (mic for 90% of isolates tested [mic90], 16 micrograms/ml) against bordetella pertussis, followed by cefetamet, cefprozil, and loracarbef (ly163892) (mic90, 64 micrograms/ml) and ceftibuten (mic90, 128 micrograms/ml). against bordetella parapertussis, loracarbef was more active (mic90, 32 micrograms/ml) than the other compounds tested (mic90s, 64 to greater than 128 micrograms/ml). the new oral cephalosporins are unlik ...19902386374
genetic characterization of bordetella pertussis filamentous haemagglutinin: a protein processed from an unusually large precursor.the nucleotide sequence of the structural gene for filamentous haemagglutinin (fha), fhab, a crucial adherence factor for bordetella pertussis, has been determined. its 10774 nucleotides are far more than necessary to encode the 220 kd biologically active, mature polypeptide product, suggesting a role for co- or post-translational processing. fusion proteins derived from various portions of the fhab open reading frame (orf) were used to generate polyclonal antisera. western immunoblot analysis o ...19902388559
[epidemiologic study of a whooping cough outbreak in rincón grande, veracruz].an outbreak of whooping cough occurred in february 1988 in the town of rincon grande, borough of santa ana atzacan, veracruz. the objectives of this study were: to corroborate the presence of infection by bordetella pertussis, to survey the immunizational status against this organism in this population, to identify the etiologic agent involved and the main epidemiologic characteristics of the outbreak. a descriptive study of the cases with the known population as well as a study of the cases and ...19902390183
experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis in mice. induction by a single eliciting event and dependence on quantitative parameters of immunization.experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (eau) in the mouse is a recently developed model of ocular autoimmunity. dependence of disease induction on qualitative and quantitative parameters of immunization was studied in b10.a mice immunized with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (irbp). it was found that use of bordetella pertussis adjuvant as well as its mode of preparation was of critical importance for disease induction; no disease was induced if pertussis adjuvant was omitted. the min ...19902397017
deletions affecting hemolytic and toxin activities of bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase.the bordetella pertussis cyaa gene encodes a virulence factor which is a bifunctional protein exhibiting calmodulin-sensitive adenylate cyclase and hemolytic activities (p. glaser, h. sakamoto, j. bellahov, a. ullmann, and a. danchin, embo j. 7:3997-4004, 1988). we characterized the hemolytic and toxin activities of the 200-kilodalton (kda) bifunctional (cyaa) protein and showed that, whether cell associated or secreted, the 200-kda cyaa protein carries hemolytic and toxin functions. the catalyt ...19902401563
adenylate cyclase toxin is critical for colonization and pertussis toxin is critical for lethal infection by bordetella pertussis in infant mice.proliferation of bordetella pertussis in the lungs of infant mice challenged by the intranasal route was examined. the bacteria rapidly proliferated in the lungs of mice challenged with a sublethal dose of a wild-type strain (bp338) or a filamentous hemagglutinin mutant (bpm409) from 500 at day 0 to 10(7) at day 15. the infection cleared in about 40 days. pertussis toxin-deficient mutant bp357 gave a similar profile; however, the number of bacteria recovered was slightly reduced, suggesting that ...19902401570
dna hybridization for diagnosis of pertussis.the aim of the present study was to evaluate a mixed phase dna hybridization assay for detection of bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis in nasopharyngeal aspirates from patients with suspected pertussis. among 179 consecutive patients with own or parental suspicion of pertussis, the diagnosis was confirmed in 103 patients by serology and in 52/103 (50%) cases also by culture. the remaining 76 patients served as nonpertussis controls. direct hybridization was positive in 38% samples ...19902402250
pertussis in hospitalized children.before the whole-cell pertussis vaccine was available, bordetella pertussis infections were an important cause of morbidity and mortality in infants. to determine the extent of continuing morbidity in an era of vaccination, a retrospective review was conducted of the records of neonates and infants hospitalized with pertussis infection at parkland memorial hospital and children's medical center, dallas, tex. during the 20 years from 1967 through 1986, 182 patients were younger than 24 months. am ...19902403094
use of a chinese hamster ovary cell cytotoxicity assay for the rapid diagnosis of pertussis.a cytotoxicity assay with chinese hamster ovary cells (cho) capable of detecting 750 pg of pertussis toxin was assessed for use as a rapid test for the diagnosis of pertussis and compared with direct immunofluorescence (dfa). with pure bacterial cultures and simulated clinical specimens, the cho assay detected as few as two colonies of bordetella pertussis; no cytotoxicity occurred with other respiratory tract microorganisms. next, nasopharyngeal aspirate secretions and nasopharyngeal cultures h ...19902405012
construction and characterization in vivo of bordetella pertussis aroa mutants.a dna fragment encoding a kanamycin resistance determinant was used to insertionally inactivate the cloned aroa gene of bordetella pertussis in escherichia coli k-12, and a conjugative shuttle vector system based on the suicide vector prtp1 was used to deliver the mutations from e. coli back into b. pertussis cn2992fs and bp1. the aroa mutation was introduced by allelic exchange into the chromosome of b. pertussis, resulting in otherwise isogenic parental and aroa mutant pairs. the b. pertussis ...19902407655
the chromosomal integration site of the streptomyces element psam2 overlaps a putative trna gene conserved among actinomycetes.the psam2 element of streptomyces ambofaciens integrates site-specifically in the genome of different streptomyces species by recombination between a 58 bp sequence common to the plasmid (attp) and the chromosome (attb). southern hybridization analysis showed that sequences similar to the psam2 attb site were found in other actinomycetes (mycobacterium, nocardia, micromonospora) as well as unrelated bacteria (bacillus circulans, escherichia coli, clostridium botulinum, bordetella pertussis, and ...19901703270
virulence dependent and independent regulation of the bordetella pertussis cya operon.the bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase (cya) operon is composed of four open reading frames, cyaa, b, d and e (glaser et al., 1988, embo j., 7, 3997-4004). the cyaa gene encodes a virulence factor, cyclolysin, a bifunctional protein exhibiting both adenylate cyclase and haemolytic activities while the cyab, d and e gene products are necessary for cyclolysin transport. we show that the cyaa gene is activated by a promoter located 115 bp upstream from the translational start codon and that tra ...19901691098
phospholipase c activity in ncb-20 cells is inhibited by protein kinase a-mediated phosphorylation of low molecular mass gtp-binding proteins.we have previously shown that bradykinin-induced production of second messengers such as inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol in neurotumor cells is inhibited by raising cellular cyclic amp levels, which in turn inhibit phospholipase c. a monoclonal antibody to phospholipase c-ii immunoprecipitated the 140-kda form of phospholipase c-ii from [35s]methionine/[3h]eucine-labeled cells, but not [32p]orthophosphate-labeled phospholipase c-ii, following treatment with either forskolin or dibutyry ...19901691176
intracellular coupling of prostaglandin inhibition of acid secretion in isolated rabbit gastric parietal cells.acid secretion from isolated rabbit gastric parietal cells can be stimulated by gastric secretagogues, histamine (cyclic-amp pathway) and carbachol (inositol phosphate pathway). prostaglandins (pg) from e series are potent inhibitors of acid secretion. the intracellular mechanism of this inhibition was examined by using a stable pge1-analogue, misoprostol. aminopyrine (ap) accumulations due to histamine, ibmx and forskolin were dose-dependently inhibited by misoprostol, whereas a weak but signif ...19901693850
invasive adenylyl cyclase of bordetella pertussis. physical, catalytic, and toxic properties.a rapid two-step purification to homogeneity of the calmodulin-activated adenylyl cyclase from urea extracts of bordetella pertussis organisms (strain 114) is described. catalytic and invasive activities are purified 30- and 177-fold, respectively, and virtually no degraded forms are found. specific activities are 0.4 mmol/min/mg and 0.5 mumol/mg of enzyme protein/mg of cell protein/min for catalytic and invasive activities, respectively. the 15 amino-terminal amino acids agree with those deduce ...19901693922
cloning, partial sequence, expression, and antigenic analysis of the filamentous hemagglutinin gene of bordetella pertussis.the gene coding for the filamentous hemagglutinin (fha), one of the main factors involved in mediating adherence of bordetella pertussis to ciliated host cells, was cloned in escherichia coli, and the 3,500-base-pair nucleotide sequence encoding the amino-terminal region was determined. molecular cloning, together with the characterization of recombinant fha-related proteins produced in e. coli, revealed that the primary translation product is a protein of about 370 kilodaltons (kda). the mature ...19901696934
positive transcriptional feedback at the bvg locus controls expression of virulence factors in bordetella pertussis.regulation of the genes coding for virulence factors in bordetella pertussis is controlled by the bvg locus, which encodes one putative sensory protein (bvgs) and one positive regulator of transcription (bvga). we have studied the transcription of the bvg locus and found that this is controlled by a 350-base-pair dna fragment, which contains five promoters, three of which transcribe the bvg locus, one transcribes an antisense rna, and one transcribes a virulence-associated gene. under noninducin ...19901697687
protective activities in mice of monoclonal antibodies against pertussis toxin.pertussis toxin (pt) protein, which is the most important protective antigen of bordetella pertussis, has a hexameric structure composed of five subunits, designated s1 through s5. immunoprotective activity of 20 different mouse monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against pertussis toxin, 10 anti-s1, 1 anti-s2, 2 anti-s3, 4 anti-s23, and 3 anti-s4 antibodies, were investigated by aerosol and intracerebral challenges with virulent b. pertussis organisms in mice. four anti-s1, named 1b7, 1d7, 3f11, and 1 ...19901698179
[mobile element rsbp1 of bordetella pertussis].a number of repeated sequences was identified in the chromosome of bordetella pertussis by the electron microscopic analysis of the chromosomal dna of this microorganism. one of the sequences was cloned on the vector plasmid phc79. it is shown to consist of two elements rsbp1 and rsbp2. the first elements is probably identical to an rs-element described previously. the cloned rsbp1 element is shown to stimulate the deletion formation in the genome of the plasmid pmkii and is able to transpose in ...19901964719
the role and specificity of guanine nucleotide binding proteins in receptor-effector coupling.nine distinct alpha subunits of guanine nucleotide binding proteins (g-proteins) have now been identified by cdna cloning. each of these functions to allow transduction of information between hormone-activated receptors in the plasma membrane and effector systems which are either ion channels or enzymes which regulate the intracellular concentration of second messengers. as the individual g-proteins are highly similar in primary sequence, it is pertinent to ask what degree of specificity of inte ...19901966633
cloning, expression, and sequence analysis of the haemophilus influenzae type b strain m43p+ pilin gene.by using antiserum against haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) strain m43p+ denatured pilin, we screened a genomic library of hib strain m43p+ and identified a clone that expressed pilin, but not assembled pili, on its surface. southern blot analysis revealed the presence of one structural gene, which was also present in strain m42p-, a nonpiliated variant. five exonuclease iii deletion mutants, two of which had deletions that extended into the structural gene and failed to express pilin, were u ...19901969389
engineering upstream transcriptional and translational signals of bordetella pertussis serotype 2 fimbrial subunit protein for efficient expression in escherichia coli: in vitro autoassembly of the expressed product into filamentous structures.escherichia coli containing a cloned gene encoding the bordetella pertussis serotype 2 fimbrial subunit failed to produce detectable levels of the gene product in whole-cell extracts. to engineer plasmids capable of directing the expression in e. coli of high levels of this product, both as a pre-protein and as a methionylated mature form the upstream signals of the fimbrial subunit gene were replaced by the lambda p(l) and p(r) promoters and the e. coli atpe translational initiation region. the ...19901969607
structure of the bordetella pertussis gene coding for the serotype 3 fimbrial subunit.bordetella pertussis strains contain at least three distinct genes coding for fimbrial subunits, designated fim2, fim3, and fimx. the sequences of the fim2 and fimx genes have been published. here we present the sequence of the fim3 gene. proximal and distal to the fim3 gene, regions were observed that could function as rho-independent terminators, suggesting that the gene is not part of a larger operon. comparison of the putative promoter regions of the fim2 and fim3 genes revealed a conserved ...19901969830
nucleotide sequence of the fim3 gene from bordetella pertussis and homology to fim2 and fimx gene products. 19901970172
location of the three major agglutinogens of bordetella pertussis by immuno-electronmicroscopy.when the three serotypes of bordetella pertussis (types 1,2,3; 1,2 and 1,3) were labelled with agglutinins and protein-a gold, agglutinogen 1 was found on fimbriae and on the cell surface of types 1,2,3 and 1,2 but on the cell surface only of non-fimbriate type 1,3 organisms. in contrast, agglutinogen 2 was located on fimbriae only. agglutinogen 3 was not labelled. when protein-a gold was replaced by immunoglobulin-g gold, agglutinogen 3 was found on the cell surface only, even of fimbriate bact ...19901971311
fimbrial phase variation in bordetella pertussis: a novel mechanism for transcriptional regulation.fimbriae belong to a class of extracellular filamentous proteins which are involved in the attachment of bacteria to host tissues. bordetella pertussis, the etiological agent of whooping cough, produces two serologically distinct fimbriae. we show that, like a number of other b. pertussis virulence genes, transcription of the fimbrial subunit genes (fim) is positively controlled by trans-acting polypeptides encoded by the bvg locus. in addition to this coordinate control, transcription of the fi ...19901975238
immunization of mice against plasmodium vinckei with a combination of attenuated salmonella typhimurium and malarial antigen.infection with the blood stage of the malaria parasite plasmodium vinckei is uniformly lethal in mice. we found that immunization of balb/c mice with a combination of killed p. vinckei antigens and an attenuated (aroa) salmonella typhimurium strain induces high levels of protection against challenge with live p. vinckei. this is especially significant because, in our previous studies, immunization of mice with killed p. vinckei antigens and adjuvants such as bordetella pertussis, complete freund ...19901976114
description of a hybridoma bank towards bordetella pertussis toxin and surface antigens.this paper describes the development of a murine bank of monoclonal antibodies against bordetella pertussis toxin, filamentous hemagglutinin (fha), pili, lipopolysaccharide (lps), or outer membrane proteins (omps). subunits s1, s2, s3 of pertussis toxin (pt) bound immunoglobulins and glycoproteins such as fetuin and haptoglobin in an unspecific manner. the specificity of monoclonal antibodies towards subunits s1, s2, s3 or s4 of pt could be demonstrated by using purified immunoglobulins or their ...19901980000
differential coupling with pertussis toxin-sensitive g proteins of dopamine and somatostatin receptors involved in regulation of adenohypophyseal secretion.d2 dopamine receptors and somatostatin receptors in adenohypophyseal cells are coupled through g proteins to various transduction mechanisms. to study the involvement of these different transduction mechanisms and of various g proteins in the dopamine and somatostatin regulation of prolactin (prl), growth hormone (gh) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (tsh) secretions, we have pretreated the adenohypophyseal cells in primary culture with increasing doses of pertussis toxin. the guanosine triphosph ...19901981365
gene replacement in bordetella pertussis by transformation with linear dna.we replaced the wild-type tox operon of bordetella pertussis with in vitro mutated, detoxified alleles by electroporetic transformation using unmarked linear dna. uptake of dna was selected by transient ampicillin resistance and two simultaneous recombination events resulted in gene-replacement at the natural locus with no integration of heterologous dna. tox alleles were stable without selection and recombinant strains secreted non-toxic, fully assembled, protective pertussis toxin (pt) analogu ...19901366929
protective surface antigen p69 of bordetella pertussis: its characterization and very high level expression in escherichia coli.the surface antigen, p69 of bordetella pertussis, an n-terminal fragment of the precursor protein, p93, is likely to be an important component of future subunit vaccines against whooping cough. we have expressed several defined n-terminal fragments of p93 in e. coli and compared their electrophoretic mobilities with that of purified p69 from b. pertussis. these experiments show that p69 is considerably smaller than the 69 kd originally estimated from its gel mobility and is probably 60.4 kd in s ...19901366930
both pertussis toxin-sensitive and insensitive g-proteins link melatonin receptor to inhibition of adenylate cyclase in the ovine pars tuberalis.bordetella pertussis toxin (islet activating protein, iap) has been used to investigate the g-proteins involved in mediating the action of the melatonin receptor. melatonin inhibits iorskolin-stimulated cyclic amp production in ovine pars tuberalis (pt) cells. in cells treated with iap for 16 h this response is attenuated in a dose-dependent manner, but not abolished. iap catalyses the incorporation of [(32) p-adp]ribose into a 41 kd protein present in pt membranes, but this labelling can be red ...199019215417
the effect of ph on the production of pertussis toxin by bordetella pertussis.the production of pertussis toxin by bordetella pertussis was increased by controlling the ph at 7.0 through the addition of sulfuric acid. the more commonly used hydrochloric acid and tris buffer were observed to be detrimental to toxin yields.19911366987
production of cell mass and pertussis toxin by bordetella pertussis.the cultivation of bordetella pertussis affects production of pertussis toxin and biomass. comparison of batch mode, chemostat operation and phstat-turbidostatic control showed that productivities for the continuous process were greater than that for the batch operation. continuous operation in balanced growth at the maximum specific growth rate, provided by the phstat, resulted in the maximum specific production rate. because of the strong association of pertussis toxin synthesis and cell growt ...19911367364
human serologic response to envelope-associated proteins and adenylate cyclase toxin of bordetella pertussis.the human serologic response to several envelope-associated proteins and adenylate cyclase toxin of bordetella pertussis was examined using immunoblot techniques. antigens recognized by sera from individuals with culture-confirmed pertussis and by sera from infants immunized with three doses of conventional whole-cell pertussis vaccine included a 63,000-da protein that was shown to be antigenically related to a mycobacterial heat-shock protein. a 29,000-da protein reacted with sera from convales ...19911984460
effects of bordetella pertussis infection on human respiratory epithelium in vivo and in vitro.bordetella pertussis infection probably involves attachment to and destruction of ciliated epithelial cells, but most previous studies have used animal tissue. during an epidemic, nasal epithelial biopsy specimens of 15 children (aged 1 month to 3 1/2 years) with whooping cough were examined for ciliary beat frequency, percent ciliation of the epithelium, and ciliary and epithelial cell ultrastructure. in addition, the in vitro effects of filtrates from a 24-h broth culture and of tracheal cytot ...19911987048
bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin and hemolytic activities require a second gene, cyac, for activation.in these studies, the bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin-hemolysin homology to the escherichia coli hemolysin is extended with the finding of cyac, a homolog to the e. coli hlyc gene, which is required for the production of a functional hemolysin molecule in e. coli. mutations produced in the chromosome of b. pertussis upstream from the structural gene for the adenylate cyclase toxin revealed a region which was necessary for toxin and hemolytic activities of the molecule. these mutants ...19911987161
a new murine model of autoimmune orchitis induced by immunization with viable syngeneic testicular germ cells alone. i. immunological and histological studies.experimental autoimmune orchitis (eao) was produced in c3h/he mice with as high as 100% incidence by two or three s.c. injections of 1 x 10(7) viable syngeneic testicular germ cells (tc) without resorting to adjuvants, bordetella pertussis vaccine, or other immunological manipulations. on day 40 after the first injection of tc, the lesions induced were characterized by interstitial infiltration of inflammatory cells and severe hypospermatogenesis in the testis with resulting whole organ atrophy ...19911988220
pertactin, an arg-gly-asp-containing bordetella pertussis surface protein that promotes adherence of mammalian cells.a 69-kda protein has been identified on the surface of the gram-negative pathogen bordetella pertussis that can elicit a protective immune response in animal models. this protein is associated with virulent strains of b. pertussis but its function has remained unclear. in this report we demonstrate that purified preparations of the 69-kda outer membrane protein can promote the attachment of chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells. the interaction between the mammalian cells and this protein can be spe ...19911988935
assay of bordetella pertussis heat-labile toxin with human embryonic lung cells.an assay has been developed for bordetella pertussis heat-labile toxin (hlt) based on morphological alterations in certain human embryonic lung (hel) cell lines. eighteen cell lines from human and other sources were tested but only two, mrc-5 and helu2, were responsive to hlt. confluent monolayers of the cells contracted within 24 h of exposure to the toxin, but without loss of viability during incubation for a further 3 days. the effect of hlt was quantitated by scoring the extent of morphologi ...19911990137
trypanosoma cruzi: cellular and antibody response against the parasite in mice immunized with a 19-amino acid synthetic peptide.several monoclonal antibodies were prepared against the flagellar fraction of trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes (tulahuén strain, stock tul 2). one of them, fch-f8-4, has previously shown biologic activity against the parasite (complement-mediated lysis and neutralization of the trypomastigote infectivity). immunopurified antigens using this monoclonal antibody elicited a protective immune response in mice. two recombinant cdna clones were detected with this anti-flagellar fraction monoclonal anti ...19911993465
hemolytic activity of adenylate cyclase toxin from bordetella pertussis.adenylate cyclase (ac) toxin from b. pertussis enters eukaryotic cells where it produces supraphysiologic levels of camp. purification of ac toxin activity [(1989) j. biol. chem. 264, 19279] results in increasing potency of hemolytic activity and electroelution of the 216-kda holotoxin yields a single protein with ac enzymatic, toxin and hemolytic activities. ac toxin and e. coli hemolysin, which have dna sequence homology [(1988) embo j. 7, 3997] are immunologically cross-reactive. the time cou ...19911993477
immune responses to bordetella pertussis infection and vaccination.to assess antibody and cellular immune responses, 156 healthy children were immunized at approximately 18 months of age with acellular diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine. changes in antibody responses to filamentous hemagglutinin (fha) and to pertussis toxin (pt) were similar in pattern, and antibody titers reached values equal to those from patients with convalescent-stage pertussis. the fha-induced dna synthesis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was maximum at 4 weeks after the primary s ...19911995729
further analysis of the sequence of the s1 subunit of pertussis toxin.the two published sequences of the pertussis toxin operon differ in 3 bp in the s1 subunit gene. in this report, we provide evidence that bordetella pertussis strains are able to produce active pertussis toxin only when they contain one of the two possible nucleotide sequences.19911997420
nmr and circular dichroic studies on the solution conformation of a synthetic peptide derived from the calmodulin-binding domain of bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase.the solution conformation of a synthetic peptide of 20 amino acids (p235-254) derived from the calmodulin-binding domain of bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase was studied by proton two-dimensional nmr spectroscopy and circular dichroism. based on the standard techniques we have assigned all the resonances in the nmr spectrum to the corresponding protons of the peptide. analysis of the secondary chemical shift distribution and of the nuclear overhauser effect connectivities showed no evidence ...19912001708
diagnostic value of clinical and bacteriological findings in pertussis.clinical and bacteriological findings in the diagnosis of pertussis were evaluated in 300 consecutive patients with parental or the patient's own suspicion of the disease. serology was used as a reference method. of the 285 (95%) patients fully sampled, 163 (57%) were diagnosed as having pertussis while the remaining 122 patients constituted the non-pertussis control group. the clinical and epidemiological data were collected at the first visit made on median day seven of illness. in this popula ...19912002229
purification and immunological characterization of a groel-like protein from bordetella pertussis.a groel-like protein from bordetella pertussis was purified. this protein was found to have the tetradecameric subunit structure typical of the groel family of proteins and to contain epitopes similar to those of other members of this family, including a human groel-like protein. active immunization of neonatal mice with the b. pertussis groel-like protein provided little protection against an aerosol challenge with b. pertussis. antibodies to this protein were elicited in mice by a standard dip ...19912004820
recombinant human acetylcholine receptor alpha-subunit induces chronic experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis.a synthetic gene encoding the 210 n-terminal residues of the alpha-subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (achr) of human skeletal muscle was cloned into an inducible expression plasmid to produce a fusion protein in high yield in escherichia coli. like native human achr, the recombinant human alpha 1-210 protein induced achr-binding, achr-modulating, and achr-blocking autoantibodies in rats when injected once intradermally as an emulsion in cfa, with bordetella pertussis vaccine as sup ...19912005394
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