Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| isolation of a gene encoding a novel spectinomycin phosphotransferase from legionella pneumophila. | a gene capable of conferring spectinomycin resistance was isolated from legionella pneumophila, the agent of legionnaires' disease. the gene (aph) encoded a 36-kda protein which has similarity to aminoglycoside phosphotransferases. biochemical analysis confirmed that aph encodes a phosphotransferase which modifies spectinomycin but not hygromycin, kanamycin, or streptomycin. the strain that was the source of aph demonstrated resistance to spectinomycin, and southern hybridizations determined tha ... | 1997 | 9174205 |
| transcriptional regulation of the macrophage-induced gene (gspa) of legionella pneumophila and phenotypic characterization of a null mutant. | expression of the global stress protein gene (gspa) is induced during the intracellular infection of macrophages and upon exposure of legionella pneumophila to in vitro stress stimuli. transcription of gspa is regulated by two promoters, one of which is regulated by the sigma 32 heat-shock transcription factor. we utilized a gspa promoter fusion to a promoter less lacz to probe the phagososmal 'microenvironment' for the kinetics of exposure of intracellular l. pneumophila to stress stimuli. expr ... | 1997 | 9179855 |
| the role of arbitrarily primed pcr in identifying the source of an outbreak of legionnaires' disease. | an outbreak of community-acquired legionnaires' disease (ld) occurred in providence, r.i., in fall 1993. to find the outbreak source, exposures of 17 case patients were compared to those of 33 matched controls. case patients were more likely than controls to have visited a section of downtown (area a) during the 2 weeks before illness (11 [65%] versus 9 [27%]; matched odds ratio, 6.5; p = 0.01). water samples were cultured from 27 aerosol-producing devices within area a. legionella pneumophila s ... | 1997 | 9196197 |
| stability of legionella urinary antigens over time. | twenty-two urine samples positive for legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 antigen by equate radioimmunoassay (ria) (binax, portland, me, usa) were stored at various temperatures and the ria repeated at 1, 7, 30, 90, and 120 days to evaluate stability of the urinary antigens. the mean ratios of patient/negative control remained stable. although there was a 10% decrease in the mean ratios after 1 month, changes were not significant. however, individual samples with ratios close to 3 may fall to < 3 ... | 1997 | 9218912 |
| lack of resistance to erythromycin, rifampicin and ciprofloxacin in 98 clinical isolates of legionella pneumophila. | ninety-eight consecutive clinical isolates of legionella pneumophila were tested for erythromycin, rifampicin and ciprofloxacin susceptibility. mics, determined by agar dilution testing, were in the range 0.06-1 mg/l of erythromycin, 0.007-0.015 mg/l of rifampicin and 0.015-0.03 mg/l of ciprofloxacin. no resistance against the antibiotics tested was detected. it is thus likely that therapeutic failures in legionnaires' disease are not related to the emergence of resistance against commonly used ... | 1997 | 9222053 |
| [legionella pneumonia successfully treated despite late diagnosis]. | status asthmaticus developed in a 72-year-old man who was being treated with oral prednisolone for severe persistent asthma. the dosage of prednisolone was increased, and amikacin was injected to treat pneumonia that had developed in the right lung. progressive pulmonary infiltrates, respiratory compromise, and hypoxemia developed, and the patient eventually required mechanical ventilation. antibiotic treatment was changed to imipenem/cilastatin, piperacillin, gentamicin, clarithromycin, erythro ... | 1997 | 9234637 |
| [legionella infection with rhabdomyolysis]. | rhabdomyolysis complicating infection with legionella pneumophila has previously been reported and may in some cases have led to acute tubular interstitial necrosis. we report a case of severe legionnaires' disease complicated with rhabdomyolysis, myoglobinuria and neurological symptoms. treatment with erythromycin and rifampicin was initiated early in the course of disease. the myoglobinuria was treated with forced diuresis and alkanization and renal failure did not develop. the frequency of rh ... | 1997 | 9245043 |
| flagella are a positive predictor for virulence in legionella. | pathogenesis of legionnaires>> disease is strictly related to the ability of the legionellae to infect phagocytic cells, yet surface markers of virulence in legionella isolates are currently unknown. rabbit antibodies raised against purified flagella of legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 recognized a total of 24 of 30 laboratory-maintained isolates of l. pneumophila serogroups 1-15 and 16 of 24 other legionella species tested by rapid immunoblot and indirect immunofluorescence assay. all isolate ... | 1997 | 9245622 |
| identification of a gal/galnac lectin in the protozoan hartmannella vermiformis as a potential receptor for attachment and invasion by the legionnaires' disease bacterium. | the legionnaire's disease bacterium, legionella pneumophila, is a facultative intracellular pathogen which invades and replicates within two evolutionarily distant hosts, free-living protozoa and mammalian cells. invasion and intracellular replication within protozoa are thought to be major factors in the transmission of legionnaire's disease. although attachment and invasion of human macrophages by l. pneumophila is mediated in part by the complement receptors cr1 and cr3, the protozoan recepto ... | 1997 | 9254652 |
| adenosine deaminase activity in the aetiological diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia. | a prospective study was undertaken to assess the usefulness of serum adenosine deaminase (ada) activity in the aetiological diagnosis of 75 patients (mean age 58 years) with community-acquired pneumonia who required hospitalization. measurements of ada were also carried out in 35 healthy subjects (mean age 52 years). the serum ada activity in patients with typical bacterial pneumonia (tbp) was 21 +/- 7 iu/l and in controls 22 +/- 9 iu/l. in 43 patients with atypical pneumonia (ap), ada levels (4 ... | 1997 | 9255891 |
| [infection with legionella pneumophila among workers of polish sea drilling platforms]. | the epidemiology, clinic, diagnostic dates and treatment of legionella pneumophila (l. pneumophila) were discussion. the our study were removal in 246 workers seas drill platforms. the antibody opposed of l. pneumophila were mean in 54 with 246 workers. investigation were execution into conjunction of specifically job and life workers and frequently appearance of bronchitis. the antibody l. pneumophila were detection in 25% persons. these dates may suggest possibilities of l. pneumophila infecti ... | 1997 | 9297350 |
| risk assessment of opportunistic bacterial pathogens in drinking water. | this study was undertaken to examine quantitatively the risks to human health posed by heterotrophic plate count (hpc) bacteria found naturally in ambient and potable waters. there is no clear-cut evidence that the hpc bacteria as a whole pose a public health risk. only certain members are opportunistic pathogens. using the four-tiered approach for risk assessment from the national academy of sciences, hazard identification, dose-response modeling, and exposure through ingestion of drinking wate ... | 1997 | 9297985 |
| a multicenter, randomized study comparing the efficacy and safety of intravenous and/or oral levofloxacin versus ceftriaxone and/or cefuroxime axetil in treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. | five hundred ninety patients were enrolled in a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial comparing the efficacy and safety of 7 to 14 days of levofloxacin treatment with that of ceftriaxone and/or cefuroxime axetil in the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. patients received either intravenous and/or oral levofloxacin (500 mg once daily) or the comparative agents, parenteral ceftriaxone (1 to 2 g once to twice daily) and/or oral cefuroxime axetil (500 mg twice daily). erythro ... | 1997 | 9303395 |
| nosocomial legionellosis traced to a contaminated ice machine. | to investigate a case of nosocomial legionellosis, identify pathways of transmission, and effect control of the environmental source. | 1997 | 9309436 |
| [isolation of legionella pneumophila from 24 hr-home bath water and an eradication trial of the bacteria from the bath]. | contamination of 24 hr home bath with legionella pneumophila is recently well recognized. eradication of the water-bath contamination from l. pneumophila and other bacteria is an important matter to prevent the infection because the 24 hr-bathing facility is widely accepted in japanese houses. among the 16 bathing water samples we tested, legionella pneumophia was isolated from 6 cases (37.5%) when the bathing water was not treated with disinfectants. number of l. pneumophila increased up to 10( ... | 1997 | 9311194 |
| colonization of transplant unit water supplies with legionella and protozoa: precautions required to reduce the risk of legionellosis. | organ transplant recipients and other immunosuppressed patients are known to be at increased risk of nosocomial legionnaires' disease. although the ecology of legionella in hospital water storage and distribution systems (including a protozoonotic relationship with free-living protozoa) has been well documented, little is known regarding the quality of water supplied to high-risk units. hot- and cold-water samples (two first draw and one run to waste for 5 min) were taken from 69 (85%) of the 81 ... | 1997 | 9321724 |
| pseudoepidemic of legionella pneumophila serogroup 6 associated with contaminated bronchoscopes. | an investigation of a pseudoepidemic of legionella pneumophila serogroup 6 contaminating bronchoalveolar lavage specimens traced the source to contaminated tap water used to rinse disinfected bronchoscopes. the problem recurred despite plumbing changes and the installation of filters in the endoscopy unit water system because of inadequate maintenance of the filters. | 1997 | 9321725 |
| susceptibility of ninety-eight clinical isolates of legionella to macrolides and quinolones using the etest. | isolates of legionella from 98 patients with legionnaires' disease hospitalized in columbus, ohio, usa between 1991 through 1995 were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility to macrolides and quinolones using the etest. most (87%) isolates were legionella pneumophila serogroup 1. all isolates tested remain susceptible to erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and levofloxacin. in vitro susceptibility testing of legionella to representative macrolides and quinolones ... | 1997 | 9327252 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of a novel hemolysin gene (vlly) from vibrio vulnificus. | a gene (vlly) encoding a novel hemolysin of vibrio vulnificus ckm-1 has been cloned and sequenced. when the vlly gene was expressed in minicells, a unique peptide of approximately 40 kda was identified. subcellular fractionation of escherichia coli cells carrying the vlly gene indicated that the vlly protein was distributed in both the cytoplasmic and the periplasmic fractions, with the notable ability to appear in the latter compartment. nucleotide sequence analysis predicted a single open read ... | 1997 | 9327548 |
| cloning and sequencing of the dnak and grpe genes of legionella pneumophila. | a 4.4-kb dna fragment from legionella pneumophila (lp) was isolated, which could complement an escherichia coli (ec) dnak ts mutant, hc4102. nucleotide sequence analysis of the region revealed two complete open reading frames (orfs) encoding both a predicted dnak protein of 644 aa and a predicted grpe protein of 199 aa, and also the 5'-end of the predicted dnaj gene organized in the order of grpe-dnak-dnaj. consensus heat shock (hs) promoter sequences were identified upstream of the start of bot ... | 1997 | 9332363 |
| antibody-mediated depletion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha impairs pulmonary host defenses to legionella pneumophila. | tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) has been shown to stimulate the resistance of alveolar macrophages and neutrophils to legionella pneumophila in vitro. to determine whether endogenous tnf-alpha is necessary for host defense against legionellosis in vivo, anti-tnf-alpha igg or control igg was administered to rats exposed to aerosolized l. pneumophila. treatment with anti-tnf-alpha neutralized >90% of the intrapulmonary tnf-alpha response to infection, resulting in persistent pneumonitis an ... | 1997 | 9333161 |
| in-vitro activities of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, lomefloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, sparfloxacin and trovafloxacin against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens from respiratory tract infections. | trovafloxacin, sparfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were equally active against moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, legionella pneumophila, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae and serratia marcescens. ciprofloxacin was the most active compound against pseudomonas aeruginosa (mic90 = 1 mg/l), followed by trovafloxacin (mic90 = 4 mg/l). trovafloxacin was twice as active as sparfloxacin against streptococcus pyogenes (mic90 = 0.12 mg/l), streptococcus pneumoniae (mic90 = ... | 1997 | 9338498 |
| safe haven: the cell biology of nonfusogenic pathogen vacuoles. | our understanding of both membrane traffic in mammalian cells and the cell biology of infection with intracellular pathogens has increased dramatically in recent years. in this review, we discuss the cell biology of the host-microbe interaction for four intracellular pathogens: chlamydia spp., legionella pneumophila, mycobacterium spp., and the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii. all of these organisms reside in vacuoles inside cells that have restricted fusion with host organelles of the endo ... | 1997 | 9343356 |
| antigenic lipopolysaccharide components of legionella pneumophila recognized by monoclonal antibodies: possibilities and limitations for division of the species into serogroups. | legionella pneumophila accounts for the majority of cases of legionnaires' disease. by using rabbit antisera, the species has been divided into 14 numbered and 1 unnumbered serogroups. to recognize the antigenic diversity of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) responsible for this classification, the dresden legionella lps mab panel, containing 98 monoclonal antibodies (mabs), was created. each serogroup reference strain possesses at least one specific epitope not found on any other reference strain an ... | 1997 | 9350744 |
| utilization of similar mechanisms by legionella pneumophila to parasitize two evolutionarily distant host cells, mammalian macrophages and protozoa. | the legionnaires' disease bacterium, legionella pneumophila, is an intracellular pathogen of humans that is amplified in the environment by intracellular multiplication within protozoa. within both evolutionarily distant hosts, the bacterium multiplies in a rough endoplasmic reticulum-surrounded phagosome that is retarded from maturation through the endosomal-lysosomal degradation pathway. to gain an understanding of the mechanisms utilized by l. pneumophila to invade and replicate within two ev ... | 1997 | 9353059 |
| intrapulmonary hartmannella vermiformis: a potential niche for legionella pneumophila replication in a murine model of legionellosis. | the potential role of inhaled protozoa as a niche for intrapulmonary replication of legionella pneumophila was investigated in vivo with mutant strains of l. pneumophila which have reduced virulence for the amoeba hartmannella vermiformis. l. pneumophila aa488 and aa502 were derived from wild-type strain aa100 after transposon mutagenesis. these mutants have reduced virulence for h. vermiformis but are fully virulent for mononuclear phagocytic cells. a/j mice, which are susceptible to replicativ ... | 1997 | 9353084 |
| use of the polymerase chain reaction for the detection of legionella pneumophila dna in serum samples. | 1997 | 9356824 | |
| prognostic factors of severe legionella pneumonia requiring admission to icu. | despite the fact that the epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia and nosocomial legionella infection is well known, there are no specific reports dealing with severe cases of legionella pneumophila pneumonia admitted to intensive care units. we undertook a prospective study upon 84 patients with a reliable diagnosis of l. pneumophila pneumonia that required icu admission. the study assessed the prognostic factors, clinical, radiological and outcome variables of both nosocomial (n = 33) and ... | 1997 | 9372662 |
| efficacy and safety of grepafloxacin 600 mg daily for 10 days in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. | the efficacy and safety of grepafloxacin in treating patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) was assessed in an open-label, noncomparative study. patients (n = 273) received grepafloxacin 600 mg qd for 10 days. a total of 237 patients (87%) completed the study. in assessable patients, the clinical success rate at follow-up (4 to 6 weeks after the last dose) was 89% (211/238 patients). in microbiologically assessable patients, the eradication rate at follow-up was 95% (86/91 isolates). g ... | 1997 | 9385485 |
| an iron- and fur-repressed legionella pneumophila gene that promotes intracellular infection and encodes a protein with similarity to the escherichia coli aerobactin synthetases. | legionella pneumophila, a parasite of alveolar macrophages, requires iron for intra- and extracellular growth. although its mechanisms for iron assimilation are poorly understood, this bacterium produces fur, a protein that can repress gene transcription in response to iron concentration. because iron- and fur-regulated genes are important for infection in other bacteria, the identification of similar genes in l. pneumophila was undertaken. a wild-type strain of l. pneumophila was randomly mutat ... | 1997 | 8975903 |
| bafilomycin a1 and intracellular multiplication of legionella pneumophila. | multiplication of legionella pneumophila in hela cells was found to be inhibited by noncytotoxic concentrations of bafilomycin a1, with blockage of bacterial growth at a concentration 15.6 nm. the inhibiting action was evident only when the antibiotic was present during the initial phase of intracellular multiplication, i.e., during the formation of the phagosome, whereas the addition of the drug did not affect microorganisms already actively multiplying within the phagosome. | 1997 | 8980784 |
| the alternative sigma factor sigma28 of legionella pneumophila restores flagellation and motility to an escherichia coli flia mutant. | gene expression in legionella pneumophila, the etiological agent of legionnaires' disease, can be controlled by alternative forms of rna polymerase programmed by distinct sigma factors. to understand the regulation of l. pneumophila flagellin expression, we cloned the sigma factor (flia) of rna polymerase responsible for the transcription of the flagellin gene, flaa. flia is a member of the sigma28 class of alternative sigma factors identified in several bacterial genera. the gene flia has been ... | 1997 | 8981975 |
| [analysis of 9 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with legionnaires disease]. | to study the characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with legionnaires disease (ld) to avoid misdiagnosis and incorrect treatment. | 1997 | 10374448 |
| a nested polymerase chain reaction for detection of legionella pneumophila in clinical specimens. | objective: because presently used methods for diagnosis of legionella pneumonia lack sufficient sensitivity and sometimes specificity and rapidity, the detection of legionella spp. by amplification of nucleic acids might be valuable. however, performing polymerase chain reaction (pcr) on clinical samples such as sputum is difficult because of the presence of extraneous dna and inhibitors of the reaction. an attempt to circumvent these problems was made. methods: a nested pcr method was devised u ... | 1997 | 11864082 |
| legionella pneumophila: persistent positive sputum culture in an hiv-infected patient. | 1998 | 11864269 | |
| application of polymerase chain reaction for detection of legionella pneumophila in serum samples. | objective: to apply the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to serum samples for the rapid diagnosis of legionnaire's disease using the l5sl9 and l5sr93 primers designed to generate a 104-base-pair (bp) fragment from the 5s rna gene of legionella spp. the amplified product was detected by electrophoresis and by hybridization with the l5s-1-specific probe. methods: single specimens of serum obtained from 24 patients with confirmed legionellosis, at different stages of their disease, were tested by pc ... | 1998 | 11864308 |
| evaluation of arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction analysis for typing legionella pneumophila. | objective: to evaluate the performance of arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (ap-pcr) analysis in epidemiologic typing of legionella pneumophila. methods: sixty-two isolates of l. pneumophila of serogroups 1, 3, 6 and 10, including epidemiologically related and unrelated isolates, were analyzed by ap-pcr using the primer bg2. twenty-six of the serogroup 1 isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). results: ap-pcr analysis showed 98% typeability and complete reprodu ... | 1998 | 11864309 |
| a multicenter evaluation of the biotest legionella urinary antigen eia. | objectives: to undertake a multicenter study to evaluate the biotest legionella urinary antigen enzyme immunoassay (eia) performance against those eias already in use in 14 european laboratories. methods: each laboratory examined urine specimens from appropriate patients using both their current assay and the biotest eia. each examined: a standard panel of 12 coded urine samples (distributed by biotest); a panel of 10 coded urine samples provided as part of a european external quality assurance ... | 1998 | 11864350 |
| nosocomial legionellosis outbreak over a three-year period: investigation and control. | objective: to investigate the epidemiologic relatedness of nosocomial infections due to legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 diagnosed between 1992 and 1994 in six immunocompromised patients of the same hospital and to describe the measures which were developed to control the outbreak. methods: legionella strains isolated from patients and from potable hot water were compared using three typing methods: monoclonal antibody analysis, arbitrarily primed pcr and ribotyping. results: environmental inv ... | 1998 | 11864353 |
| [polymerase chain reaction associated with dig-labelled dna hybridization of mip gene to identify new isolated legionella pneumophila strains]. | by testing mip gene, one highly conservative virulence gene of legionella pneumophila (lp), as targets of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and digoxin-labelled probe hybridization to establish a rapid, specific and sensitive gene analysis method that can identify new isolated suspected bacteria strains as lp. | 1998 | 11263351 |
| detection of legionella pneumophila antigens in patients' sera using monoclonal antibodies. | three monoclonal antibodies (mcab) were produced against soluble antigens of legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 which was cultured on bcye agar. the mcabs were all of the igm isotype. the mcabs were used in the mcab-based elisa for detection of circulating l. pneumophila antigens in 186 sera collected from patients with symptoms and signs suggestive of atypical pneumonia. the normal reference optical (od) density value of each of the mcabs was determined using 44 sera collected from healthy bloo ... | 1998 | 10879269 |
| [prognostic factors and etiology in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia admitted at the icu. spanish multicenter study. study group on severe community-acquired pneumonia in spain]. | to determine the techniques used for the etiological diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (icu) and to describe the predominant causative organisms as well as prognostic factors of icu mortality. | 1998 | 9881346 |
| [incidence of legionella in warm water systems in saxony-anhalt]. | the incidence of legionella in warm water systems of sachsen-(saxony-)anhalt was investigated. the legionella were isolated from water samples using plate cultures followed by serotyping methods. in high-risk areas of legionella infections such as hospitals and homes for the aged, 48% respectively 43% of the samples were positive. warm water systems of 61% of the hospitals and 43% of homes for aged people were found to be contaminated with legionella. the number of legionella were most frequentl ... | 1998 | 10024777 |
| [legionnaires' disease in travellers]. | the outbreak of pneumonia involving delegates to the 1976 american legion convention at a philadelphia hotel was the first example of travel-associated legionnaires' disease. travel is now well known as a common risk factor for legionnaires' disease. this travel-associated disease is a preoccupation among european countries because of morbidity among citizens of the european union. the definition of the case of legionellosis is a patient who presents an acute lower respiratory tract infection wi ... | 1998 | 10078391 |
| [investigation of an legionnaires' disease outbreak associated with contaminated air-conditioning]. | an outbreak of upper respiratory infection (influenza-like syndrome) took place among the staff members of a large office building in beijing, june, 1997. to understand the cause of the outbreak, with a case-control study with serological antibodies detection against serogroup 1 to 14 of legionnaires' disease bacteria (ldb) and bacteriological test and culture on samples collected from the air-conditioning system of the office building was performed. the findings showed that the attack rates of ... | 1998 | 10322670 |
| [epidemiological studies on legionella infection in taiyuan area of shanxi province]. | to study the prevalence and epidemic features of legionella infection in taiyuan area of shanxi province. | 1998 | 10322756 |
| fatal attraction of mammalian cells to legionella pneumophila. | legionella pneumophila is a protozoan parasite that causes legionnaires' disease. its ability to do so is dependent on its capacity to replicate intracellularly within a phagosome that is not trafficked through the endosomal-lysosomal pathway and is surrounded by the rough endoplasmic reticulum. within this unique niche, the bacterium undergoes alterations in gene expression. in addition, many virulence-related phenotypes that are induced in vitro by starvation are expressed intracellularly as t ... | 1998 | 10094618 |
| multilobar consolidation with abscess formation caused by legionella pneumophila: an unusual chest radiographic presentation. | a 52-year-old male had fever, pleuritic chest pain, cough with purulent sputum and hemoptysis for 4 days. the patient had underlying alcoholic cardiomyopathy, cirrhosis of the liver, chronic obstructive lung disease and underwent corticosteroids therapy. chest radiograph showed round opacities bilaterally. legionella pneumophila serogroup 5 was identified by direct fluorescent antibody staining and culture from the sputum. despite intravenous erythromycin and rifampin therapy, he died on the 7th ... | 1998 | 10496159 |
| clinical efficacy and tolerability of grepafloxacin in lower respiratory tract infection. | studies in community-acquired pneumonia (cap) have compared grepafloxacin, 600 mg o.d. for 7--10 days, with amoxycillin, 500 mg t.d.s., cefaclor, 500 mg t.d.s., or clarithromycin, 250 mg b.d. grepafloxacin appeared to be clinically as effective as the comparators. in cap caused by haemophilus influenzae, grepafloxacin was significantly superior to amoxycillin (p=0.005) and cefaclor (p=0.003) and equivalent to clarithromycin in eradicating the infecting organism. bacterial eradication with grepaf ... | 1998 | 11869247 |
| intracellular multiplication of legionella pneumophila: human pathogen or accidental tourist? | 1998 | 9386330 | |
| variation in flagellin genes and proteins of burkholderia cepacia. | the majority of isolates of burkholderia cepacia, an important opportunistic pathogen associated with cystic fibrosis, can be classified into two types on the basis of flagellin protein size. electron microscopic analysis indicates that the flagella of strains with the larger flagellin type (type i) are wider in diameter. flagellin genes representative of both types were cloned and sequenced to design oligonucleotide primers for pcr amplification of the central variable domain of b. cepacia flag ... | 1998 | 9495748 |
| epidemic legionnaires' disease two decades later: old sources, new diagnostic methods. | in july 1995 we investigated a pneumonia outbreak in a pennsylvania town. we conducted epidemiological and molecular microbiological studies to determine the outbreak source and interrupt transmission of disease. legionnaires' disease (ld) was quickly identified by urine antigen testing, and a newly developed immunohistochemical stain confirmed nosocomial transmission to a hospital inpatient. ld was confirmed in 22 patients. case-patients were more likely than controls to have been within 1,000 ... | 1998 | 9502466 |
| isolation of legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 from human feces with use of amebic cocultures. | 1998 | 9502483 | |
| evaluation of pcr for diagnosis of bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis infections. | pcr, using primers plp1 and plp2, was evaluated for the detection of dna from bordetella pertussis in bacterial strains and in nasopharyngeal samples from patients with a cough lasting at least 7 days. the assay could detect dna from 6 cfu of b. pertussis/10 microl of sample. results of the pcr assay were compared with those of cultures, a determination of serum antibodies against pertussis toxin and filamentous hemagglutinin, and a clinical evaluation of 2,442 coughing episodes. the overall sen ... | 1998 | 9508295 |
| extended survival and persistence of campylobacter spp. in water and aquatic biofilms and their detection by immunofluorescent-antibody and -rrna staining. | in water microcosm experiments, the survival times of campylobacter isolates differed by up to twofold, as determined by culturing; this difference increased to fourfold when particular combinations of temperature and oxygenation were used. the mean survival times were much longer at 4 and 10 degrees c (202 and 176 h, respectively) than at 22 and 37 degrees c (43 and 22 h, respectively). the influence of anaerobiosis on survival time was less dramatic and differed considerably between isolates. ... | 1998 | 9464415 |
| host cell killing and bacterial conjugation require overlapping sets of genes within a 22-kb region of the legionella pneumophila genome. | a 22-kb dna locus of legionella pneumophila is described that contains 18 genes, 16 of which are required for macrophage killing (icm genes). in this paper two previously described icm loci were linked by the discovery of five genes located between the two loci. four of the newly described genes are required for macrophage killing (icmmlke) and one is dispensable. the 16 icm genes appeared to be organized as six individual genes (icmr, icmq, icmg, icmc, icmd, and icmf), and four operons (icmts, ... | 1998 | 9465074 |
| improved diagnostic pcr assay for actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae based on the nucleotide sequence of an outer membrane lipoprotein. | the gene (omla) coding for an outer membrane protein of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1 and 5 has been described earlier and has formed the basis for development of a specific pcr assay. the corresponding regions of all 12 a. pleuropneumoniae reference strains of biovar 1 were sequenced. alignment of the sequences revealed conserved terminal and variable middle regions, which divided the reference strains into four distinct groups. primers were selected from the conserved 5' and 3' t ... | 1998 | 9466755 |
| molecular approaches to diagnosis of pulmonary diseases due to mycoplasma pneumoniae. | in this prospective study, the use of a culture-enhanced pcr assay for the detection of mycoplasma pneumoniae, followed by hybridization with a specific probe (mp-hpcr) or without hybridization (mp-pcr), and the use of a nested pcr (mp-npcr) were evaluated. clinical samples (190 specimens) from 190 patients with respiratory complaints were incubated in culture broth overnight and then subjected to pcr. the results of the pcr were compared to those obtained by culture, the direct antigen test, an ... | 1998 | 9466774 |
| evidence for pore-forming ability by legionella pneumophila. | legionella pneumophila is the cause of legionnaires' pneumonia. after internalization by macrophages, it bypasses the normal endocytic pathway and occupies a replicative phagosome bound by endoplasmic reticulum. here, we show that lysis of macrophages and red blood cells by l. pneumophila was dependent on dota and other loci known to be required for proper targeting of the phagosome and replication within the host cell. cytotoxicity occurred rapidly during a high-multiplicity infection, required ... | 1998 | 9484888 |
| identification of macrophage-specific infectivity loci (mil) of legionella pneumophila that are not required for infectivity of protozoa. | we have recently shown that many mutants of legionella pneumophila exhibit similar defective phenotypes within both u937 human-derived macrophages and the protozoan host acanthamoeba (l.-y. gao, o. s. harb, and y. abu kwaik, infect. immun. 65:4738-4746, 1997). these observations have suggested that many of the mechanisms utilized by l. pneumophila to parasitize mammalian and protozoan cells are similar, but our data have not excluded the possibility that there are unique mechanisms utilized by l ... | 1998 | 9488371 |
| structural properties of lipopolysaccharides from rickettsia typhi and rickettsia prowazekii and their chemical similarity to the lipopolysaccharide from proteus vulgaris ox19 used in the weil-felix test. | the lipopolysaccharides (lpss) isolated from typhus group (tg) rickettsiae rickettsia typhi and rickettsia prowazekii were characterized by chemical analysis and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) followed by silver staining. lpss from two species of tg rickettsiae contained glucose, 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid, glucosamine, quinovosamine, phosphate, and fatty acids (beta-hydroxylmyristic acid and heneicosanoic acid) but not heptose. the o-polysaccharides o ... | 1998 | 9488376 |
| identification of linked legionella pneumophila genes essential for intracellular growth and evasion of the endocytic pathway. | legionella pneumophila replicates within a specialized phagosome in cultured cells, a function necessary for its pathogenicity. the replicative phagosome lacks membrane marker proteins, such as the glycoprotein lamp-1, that are indicators of the normal endocytic pathway. we describe the isolation of several legionella genes essential for intracellular growth and evasion of the endocytic pathway, using a genetic and cell biological approach. we screened 4,960 ethyl methanesulfonate-mutagenized co ... | 1998 | 9488381 |
| protective role of nitric oxide in staphylococcus aureus infection in mice. | this study was carried out to determine the role of nitric oxide (no) in staphylococcus aureus infection in mice. no production in spleen cell cultures was induced by heat-killed s. aureus. expression of mrna of the inducible isoform of no synthase (inos) was induced in the spleens and kidneys of s. aureus-infected mice. when mice were treated with monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) or gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) before s. aureus infection, the inductio ... | 1998 | 9488390 |
| groel heat shock protein of haemophilus ducreyi: association with cell surface and capacity to bind to eukaryotic cells. | the haemophilus ducreyi homolog of groel, a 58.5-kda heat shock protein (hsp), is a dominant protein produced not only in response to heat stress but also under in vitro growth conditions. extracellular localization of the 58.5-kda hsp was investigated by whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and immunoelectron microscopy and in supernatants of washed bacteria by immunoblotting with a haemophilus ducreyi groel-specific mouse monoclonal antibody (bb11). to investigate binding of th ... | 1998 | 9488422 |
| effect of salt concentration and temperature on survival of legionella pneumophila. | the effects of various concentrations of sodium chloride solutions (0.1%-3%) and different temperatures (4, 10, 20, 30 and 37 degrees c) on survival of legionella pneumophila were investigated. it was found that at temperatures between 4 degrees c and 20 degrees c, legionella organisms survived in salt solutions up to 3% nacl. only the combination of high temperatures, i.e. 30 degrees c and 37 degrees c, with nacl concentrations over 1.5%, reduced cell numbers significantly. it was interesting t ... | 1998 | 9489037 |
| biochemical and genetic characterization of an fk506-sensitive peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase from a thermophilic archaeon, methanococcus thermolithotrophicus. | a peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase (ppiase) was purified from a thermophilic methanogen, methanococcus thermolithotrophicus. the ppiase activity was inhibited by fk506 but not by cyclosporine. the molecular mass of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 16 kda by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 42 kda by gel filtration. the enzyme was thermostable, with the half-lives of its activity at 90 and 100 degrees c being 90 and 30 min, respectively. the catalytic effici ... | 1998 | 9440528 |
| conjugative transfer by the virulence system of legionella pneumophila. | legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of legionnaires' pneumonia, replicates within alveolar macrophages by preventing phagosome-lysosome fusion. here, a large number of mutants called dot (defective for organelle trafficking) that were unable to replicate intracellularly because of an inability of the bacteria to alter the endocytic pathway of macrophages were isolated. the dot virulence genes encoded a large putative membrane complex that functioned as a secretion system that was able to ... | 1998 | 9452389 |
| the role of sialic acid in opsonin-dependent and opsonin-independent adhesion of listeria monocytogenes to murine peritoneal macrophages. | the adhesion of listeriae to host cells employs mechanisms which are complex and not well understood. listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen responsible for meningoencephalitis, septicemia, and abortion in susceptible and immunocompromised individuals. subsequent to colonization and penetration of the gut epithelium, the organism attaches to resident macrophages and replicates intracellularly, thus evading the humoral immune system of the infected host. the focus of these ... | 1998 | 9453618 |
| coiling phagocytosis discriminates between different spirochetes and is enhanced by phorbol myristate acetate and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. | the mechanisms involved in coiling phagocytosis are not yet known, and it is not even clear whether this phenomenon is either an incidental event or a specific response. therefore, the phagocytic uptake of borrelia burgdorferi and other spirochetes by human monocytes in vitro was used to investigate the involvement of both sides--microbes and phagocytes--in coiling phagocytosis. as seen with electron microscopy, morphologically similar borrelia, leptospira and treponema strains induced markedly ... | 1998 | 9453619 |
| role of immunosuppression in the evolution of legionnaires' disease. | the clinical course of legionella pneumonia in immunosuppressed patients is uncertain. this study was undertaken to determine the clinical evolution of legionellosis on the basis of the immune state and to establish the variables associated with death directly related to legionellosis. the study included 78 patients: 28 with chronic disease who had received immunosuppressive treatment (group 1), 24 with chronic disease without immunosuppressive treatment (group 2), and 26 controls. inclusion cri ... | 1998 | 9455504 |
| intermittent use of copper-silver ionization for legionella control in water distribution systems: a potential option in buildings housing individuals at low risk of infection. | one copper-silver ionization system was sequentially installed onto the hot-water recirculation lines of two hospital buildings colonized with legionella pneumophila, serogroup 1. a third building with the same water supply and also colonized with legionella served as a control. four weeks after activation of the system, distal site positivity for legionella in the first test building dropped to zero. after operating for 16 weeks, the system was disconnected and installed onto the second test bu ... | 1998 | 9455522 |
| microbiological and clinical aspects of infection associated with stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | the gram-negative bacterium stenotrophomonas maltophilia is increasingly recognized as an important cause of nosocomial infection. infection occurs principally, but not exclusively, in debilitated and immunosuppressed individuals. management of s. maltophilia-associated infection is problematic because many strains of the bacterium manifest resistance to multiple antibiotics. these difficulties are compounded by methodological problems in in vitro susceptibility testing for which there are, as y ... | 1998 | 9457429 |
| immunolocalization of hsp60 in legionella pneumophila. | one of the most abundant proteins synthesized by legionella pneumophila, particularly during growth in a variety of eukaryotic host cells, is hsp60, a member of the groel family of molecular chaperones. the present study was initiated in response to a growing number of reports suggesting that for some bacteria, including l. pneumophila, hsp60 may exist in extracytoplasmic locations. immunolocalization techniques with hsp60-specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies were used to define the sub ... | 1998 | 9457851 |
| in vivo regulation of replicative legionella pneumophila lung infection by endogenous interleukin-12. | the in vivo role of endogenous interleukin 12 (il-12) in modulating intrapulmonary growth of legionella pneumophila was assessed by using a murine model of replicative l. pneumophila lung infection. intratracheal inoculation of a/j mice with virulent bacteria (10(6) l. pneumophila cells per mouse) resulted in induction of il-12, which preceded clearance of the bacteria from the lung. inhibition of endogenous il-12 activity, via administration of il-12 neutralizing antiserum, resulted in enhanced ... | 1998 | 9423840 |
| induced expression of the legionella pneumophila gene encoding a 20-kilodalton protein during intracellular infection. | the eukaryotic protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximid has been used by many investigators to selectively radiolabel intracellular bacteria. although cycloheximide has no direct effect on bacterial gene expression, there are concerns that long-term inhibition of the host cell protein synthesis may have secondary effects on bacterial gene expression. therefore, prior to further identification and cloning of the macrophage-induced (mi) genes of legionella pneumophila, the effects of cycloheximide ... | 1998 | 9423859 |
| periplasmic superoxide dismutase in meningococcal pathogenicity. | meningococcal sodc encodes periplasmic copper- and zinc-cofactored superoxide dismutase (cu,zn sod) which catalyzes the conversion of the superoxide radical anion to hydrogen peroxide, preventing a sequence of reactions leading to production of toxic hydroxyl free radicals. from its periplasmic location, cu,zn sod was inferred to acquire its substrate from outside the bacterial cell and was speculated to play a role in preserving meningococci from the action of microbicidal oxygen free radicals ... | 1998 | 9423860 |
| clinical evaluation of a new pcr assay for detection of coxiella burnetii in human serum samples. | a nested pcr method was developed for the detection of coxiella burnetii in human serum samples. two pairs of oligonucleotide primers were designed to amplify a 438-bp fragment of the com1 gene encoding a 27-kda outer membrane protein of c. burnetii. the primers amplified the predicted fragments of 21 various strains of c. burnetii but did not react with dna samples from other microorganisms. the 438-bp amplification products could be digested with restriction enzymes sspi and sali. the utility ... | 1998 | 9431924 |
| comparative analysis of infrequent-restriction-site pcr and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for epidemiological typing of legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 strains. | two methods were compared for the analysis of 48 unrelated and epidemiologically related legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 isolates. these are the infrequent-restriction-site pcr (irs-pcr) assay with adapters designed for xbai and psti restriction sites and the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) analysis determined after dna restriction with sfii. both methods demonstrated a high level of discrimination with a similar capacity for differentiating 23 of the 24 unrelated isolates. pfge analy ... | 1998 | 9431941 |
| detection of toxin-producing cyanobacteria by use of paramagnetic beads for cell concentration and dna purification. | early detection of water blooms caused by potential toxin-producing cyanobacteria is important in environmental monitoring. we present a new nucleic acid-based method for detection of cyanobacteria in water that utilizes the same paramagnetic solid phase (beads) for both bacterial cell concentration and subsequent dna purification. in the cell concentration step, the beads were attracted to a magnet after cell adsorption (in an alcohol- and salt-containing solution), and the supernatant was remo ... | 1998 | 9435059 |
| heterogeneity in the attachment and uptake mechanisms of the legionnaires' disease bacterium, legionella pneumophila, by protozoan hosts. | invasion and intracellular replication of legionella pneumophila within protozoa in the environment plays a major role in the transmission of legionnaires' disease. intracellular replication of l. pneumophila within protozoa occurs in a rough endoplasmic reticulum (rer)-surrounded phagosome (y. abu kwaik, appl. environ. microbiol. 62:2022-2028, 1996). since the subsequent fate of many intracellular pathogens is determined by the route of entry, we compared the mechanisms of attachment and subseq ... | 1998 | 9435069 |
| protozoan bacterivory and escherichia coli survival in drinking water distribution systems. | the development of bacterial communities in drinking water distribution systems leads to a food chain which supports the growth of macroorganisms incompatible with water quality requirements and esthetics. nevertheless, very few studies have examined the microbial communities in drinking water distribution systems and their trophic relationships. this study was done to quantify the microbial communities (especially bacteria and protozoa) and obtain direct and indirect proof of protozoan feeding ... | 1998 | 9435076 |
| production of respirable vesicles containing live legionella pneumophila cells by two acanthamoeba spp. | two acanthamoeba species, fed at three temperatures, expelled vesicles containing living legionella pneumophila cells. vesicles ranged from 2.1 to 6.4 microns in diameter and theoretically could contain several hundred bacteria. viable l. pneumophila cells were observed within vesicles which had been exposed to two cooling tower biocides for 24 h. clusters of bacteria in vesicles were not dispersed by freeze-thawing and sonication. such vesicles may be agents for the transmission of legionellosi ... | 1998 | 9435080 |
| potato leafroll virus binds to the equatorial domain of the aphid endosymbiotic groel homolog. | a groel homolog with a molecular mass of 60 kda, produced by the primary endosymbiotic bacterium (a buchnera sp.) of myzus persicae and released into the hemolymph, has previously been shown to be a key protein in the transmission of potato leafroll virus (plrv). like other luteoviruses and pea enation mosaic virus, plrv readily binds to extracellular buchnera groel, and in vivo interference in this interaction coincides with reduced capsid integrity and loss of infectivity. to gain more knowled ... | 1998 | 9420234 |
| different fates of legionella pneumophila pmi and mil mutants within macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells. | alveolar epithelial cells, which constitute the majority of the alveolar surface, may represent a potential niche for intracellular replication of legionella pneumophila that has been largely overlooked. we examined the phenotypes of a bank of 121 macrophage-defective mutants of l. pneumophila (designated as pmi and mil) for their cytopathogenicity to and intracellular survival and replication within human alveolar epithelial cells. our data showed that 91 of 121 mutants that were defective (mod ... | 1998 | 9895268 |
| two fatal cases of nosocomial legionella pneumophila pneumonia associated with a contaminated cold water supply. | 1998 | 9865992 | |
| epidemiology of legionella pneumonia and factors associated with legionella-related mortality at a tertiary care center. | legionella pneumophila is an important pathogen that may cause nosocomial and community-acquired pneumonia in patients with normal or altered immunity. the epidemiology of 40 cases of legionella pneumonia in patients hospitalized between 1986 and 1994 was studied. fourteen patients (35%) were solid organ transplant recipients. the calculated annual incidence of l. pneumophila infection was highest among lung transplant recipients (2.07 cases per 1,000 transplant-years). there was a trend toward ... | 1998 | 9868664 |
| regrowth of legionella pneumophila in a heat-disinfected plumbing system. | we examined the factors involved in the occurrence of legionellaceae in a hospital water system and the recontamination by legionella pneumophila after a thermal disinfection procedure was studied. three months after the heat treatment (70 degrees c), the regrowth of the two prevalent legionella strains (l. pneumophila serogroup 1 [oxford-like] and l. pneumophila serogroup 2) reached the original level of cell numbers. genomic analysis (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) revealed the strains to b ... | 1998 | 9861677 |
| a recurrent outbreak of nosocomial legionnaires' disease detected by urinary antigen testing: evidence for long-term colonization of a hospital plumbing system. | in 1994, a hospital reported an increase in nosocomial legionnaires' disease after implementing use of a rapid urinary antigen test for legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (lp-1). this hospital was the site of a previous nosocomial legionnaires' disease outbreak during 1980 to 1982. | 1998 | 9872526 |
| controlling legionella in hospital water systems: experience with the superheat-and-flush method and copper-silver ionization. | to evaluate the effect of copper-silver ionization on legionella colonization and nosocomial legionnaires' disease and to compare the efficacy of metal ions versus the superheat-and-flush method of disinfection. | 1998 | 9872527 |
| first sporadic cases of non-pneumonic legionellosis, pontiac fever in japan. | pontiac fever has rarely been found in sporadic cases. here, we report the first sporadic cases of non-pneumonic legionellosis, pontiac fever in japan. case 1. a 53-year-old man with spinocerebellar degeneration was presented to our hospital. he had an acute onset of high fever and consciousness disturbance. a chest x-ray film on admission was normal, but transient bilateral pleural effusions were revealed on hospital day 14. case 2. a 77-year-old woman with gastric ulcer was presented to our ho ... | 1998 | 9932644 |
| biofilms, infectious agents, and dental unit waterlines: a review. | aquatic biofilms, which are widespread not only in nature but also in medical and dental devices, can be the source of serious nosocomial infections. in these hardy microbial communities, pathogens like nontuberculous mycobacteria, pseudomonas aeruginosa, legionella pneumophila, and other bacteria not only survive but proliferate and lie in wait for susceptible hosts. not only are these organisms intrinsically resistant to high temperatures and biocides, but the biofilms they inhabit enhance the ... | 1998 | 10029997 |
| [can aminopenicillin be prescribed as monotherapy in case of community-acquired pneumonia?]. | in france the current consensus for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia is based on the french society for infectious diseases 1991 guidelines. in healthy adults without signs of severe disease, oral amoxicillin is recommended at the dose of 3 g per day for 8 to 10 days. this empirical choice is warranted by the prevalence of pneumococcal infections, found as causal agents in half to two-thirds of the bacteriologically proven cases. the 3 g dose is recommended due to the increasing ris ... | 1998 | 9819592 |
| the type iv leader peptidase/n-methyltransferase of vibrio vulnificus controls factors required for adherence to hep-2 cells and virulence in iron-overloaded mice. | vibrio vulnificus expresses a number of potential virulence determinants that may contribute to its ability to cause a severe and rapidly disseminating septicemia in susceptible hosts. we have cloned and characterized two genes encoding products related to components of the type iv pilus biogenesis and general secretory (type ii) pathways by complementation of a type iv peptidase/n-methyltransferase (pild) mutant of pseudomonas aeruginosa with a v. vulnificus genomic library. one of the genes (v ... | 1998 | 9826339 |
| brucella abortus transits through the autophagic pathway and replicates in the endoplasmic reticulum of nonprofessional phagocytes. | brucella abortus is an intracellular pathogen that replicates within a membrane-bounded compartment. in this study, we have examined the intracellular pathway of the virulent b. abortus strain 2308 (s2308) and the attenuated strain 19 (s19) in hela cells. at 10 min after inoculation, both bacterial strains are transiently detected in phagosomes characterized by the presence of early endosomal markers such as the early endosomal antigen 1. at approximately 1 h postinoculation, bacteria are locate ... | 1998 | 9826346 |
| identification of a 71-kilodalton surface-associated hsp70 homologue in coxiella burnetii. | a coxiella burnetii hsp70 homologue was identified by using an acid activation in vitro system in which protein synthesis has been followed by [35s]methionine labeling, autoradiography, and immunoblotting. the protein was one of those predominantly labeled, and the immunoblots revealed that it was recognized by anti-dnak antibodies. the corresponding gene was isolated, and its nucleotide sequence was determined and analyzed. a single open reading frame (orf) with a size of 1,968 bp was identifie ... | 1998 | 9826369 |
| genetic and sequence analysis of the ptic58 trb locus, encoding a mating-pair formation system related to members of the type iv secretion family. | conjugal transfer of ptic58 requires two regions, tra which contains the orit and several genes involved in dna processing and a region of undefined size and function that is located at the 2-o'clock position of the plasmid. using transposon mutagenesis with tn3hoho1 and a binary transfer system, we delimited this second region, called trb, to an 11-kb interval between the loci for vegetative replication and nopaline catabolism. dna sequence analysis of this region identified 13 significant open ... | 1998 | 9829924 |
| antibacterial effects of levofloxacin, erythromycin, and rifampin in a human monocyte system against legionella pneumophila. | the antibacterial activities of levofloxacin, erythromycin, and rifampin against intracellular legionella pneumophila l-1033, serogroup 1, were studied. in an in vitro system utilizing adherent human monocytes, l. pneumophila l-1033, a phagocytosis time period of 1 h, and antibiotic (levofloxacin, erythromycin, and/or rifampin) at 1 to 10 times the mic, the cfu/ml values for the monocyte lysate were determined during 0- to 4-day time periods. the decrease in cfu/ml with levofloxacin at ph 7.4 wa ... | 1998 | 9835507 |
| an ampd gene in pseudomonas aeruginosa encodes a negative regulator of ampc beta-lactamase expression. | the ampd and ampe genes of pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1 were cloned and characterized. these genes are transcribed in the same orientation and form an operon. the deduced polypeptide of p. aeruginosa ampd exhibited more than 60% similarity to the ampd proteins of enterobacteria and haemophilus influenzae. the ampd product transcomplemented escherichia coli ampd mutants to wild-type beta-lactamase expression. | 1998 | 9835532 |
| species-specific oligonucleotides for enumeration of pseudomonas putida f1, burkholderia sp. strain js150, and bacillus subtilis atcc 7003 in biodegradation experiments. | species-specific sequences were identified within the v4 variable region of 16s rrna of two bacterial species capable of aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism, pseudomonas putida f1 and burkholderia sp. strain js150, and a third, bacillus subtilis atcc 7003, that can function as a secondary degrader. fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) with species-specific oligonucleotides was used for direct counting of these species throughout a phenol biodegradation experiment in batch culture. traditional di ... | 1998 | 9835594 |
| legionella pneumophila kills human phagocytes but not protozoan host cells by inducing apoptotic cell death. | legionella pneumophila is a facultative intracellular parasite able to replicate within and to kill a variety of eukaryotic cells. one possible killing mechanism is the induction of programmed cell death. based on electron microscopy and flow cytometry studies using the phosphatidylserine binding protein annexin v, we could demonstrate that l. pneumophila is able to induce apoptosis in human monocytes which was clearly dependent on the multiplicity of infection, the time postinfection and the in ... | 1998 | 9851034 |