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a periodontal pathogen treponema denticola hijacks the fusobacterium nucleatum-driven host response.periodontitis is a polymicrobial disease that arises from the dysbiosis of the plaque biofilm. to study polymicrobial interactions with gingival epithelial cells, the oral commensal fusobacterium nucleatum and the periodontal pathogen treponema denticola were chosen due to their opposing effects on the expression of human beta-defensins (hbds) and interleukin (il)-8 in gingival epithelial cells. immortalized gingival epithelial hok-16b cells were infected with either f. nucleatum or t. denticola ...201323897119
clinical and microbiological results following nonsurgical periodontal therapy with or without local administration of piperacillin/tazobactam.we assessed if adjunct administration of piperacillin/tazobactam added clinical and microbiological treatment benefits.201323334268
presence of oral bacterial species in primary endodontic infections of primary teeth.knowledge of the microbial composition of deciduous endodontic infections is limited. this study aimed to evaluate the presence of the 10 oral bacterial species in samples from primary tooth root canals by using microarray technology and to determine the association of these organisms with clinical conditions.201324683780
butyrate production in engineered escherichia coli with synthetic scaffolds.butyrate pathway was constructed in recombinant escherichia coli using the genes from clostridium acetobutylicum and treponema denticola. however, the pathway constructed from exogenous enzymes did not efficiently convert carbon flux to butyrate. three steps of the productivity enhancement were attempted in this study. first, pathway engineering to delete metabolic pathways to by-products successfully improved the butyrate production. second, synthetic scaffold protein that spatially co-localize ...201323568786
an investigation of the presence of specific anaerobic species in necrotic primary teeth.different microbial identification methods have shown that the microbial community profiles in endodontic infections are diverse and assorted. the aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of selected endodontic pathogens in the pulp chambers (pcs) and root canals (rcs) of infected primary teeth using pcr methods. paired pc and rc samples were collected from 15 subjects and analyzed by pcr for the presence of filifactor alocis, fusobacterium nucleatum, parvimonas micra, porphyromonas endod ...201323538426
[analysis of antimicrobial effect of mtad solution in infected root canal system using pcr technique].clinically acceptable antiseptic should possess organolithic-mineralolithic properties and antimicrobial efficacy, and should be non-toxic.201323745336
subgingival microflora in inflammatory bowel disease patients with untreated periodontitis.to analyze the subgingival microflora composition of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) patients with untreated chronic periodontitis and compare them with systemically healthy controls also having untreated chronic periodontitis.201323060013
hyaluronic acid as an adjunct after scaling and root planing: a prospective randomized clinical trial.the study is designed to determine the effect on clinical variables, subgingival bacteria, and local immune response brought about by application of hyaluronan-containing gels in early wound healing after scaling and root planing (srp).201323088524
peripheral arterial disease associated with caries and periodontal disease.peripheral arterial disease (pad) is an important cardiovascular disorder of the peripheral arteries. chronic infections, such as periodontitis, may play an important role in the etiology and pathophysiology of pad and other cardiovascular conditions. recently, streptococcus mutans has been found with high frequency in atheromatous plaques. the aim of this study is to evaluate the possible clinical and microbiologic association between pad and periodontitis and dental caries.201322680302
clinical and microbiological parameters in patients with self-ligating and conventional brackets during early phase of orthodontic treatment.to determine the effect of different bracket designs (conventional brackets and self-ligating brackets) on periodontal clinical parameters and periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque.201322765511
a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study on the clinical and microbial effects of an essential oil mouth rinse used by patients in supportive periodontal care.this 3-month double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study evaluated the clinical and microbial effects of an essential oil mouth rinse used as an adjunct to mechanical plaque control by patients in supportive periodontal care.201322998386
oral microbiota in swiss adolescents.the purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of different oral microbes in gingival plaque samples and in samples from the dorsum of the tongue in a swiss adolescent population.201322371122
sequence, biophysical, and structural analyses of the psts lipoprotein (bb0215) from borrelia burgdorferi reveal a likely binding component of an abc-type phosphate transporter.the lyme disease agent borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted via a tick vector, is dependent on its tick and mammalian hosts for a number of essential nutrients. like other bacterial diderms, it must transport these biochemicals from the extracellular milieu across two membranes, ultimately to the b. burgdorferi cytoplasm. in the current study, we established that a gene cluster comprising genes bb0215 through bb0218 is cotranscribed and is therefore an operon. sequence analysis of these pr ...201324318969
sequence, biophysical, and structural analyses of the psts lipoprotein (bb0215) from borrelia burgdorferi reveal a likely binding component of an abc-type phosphate transporter.the lyme disease agent borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted via a tick vector, is dependent on its tick and mammalian hosts for a number of essential nutrients. like other bacterial diderms, it must transport these biochemicals from the extracellular milieu across two membranes, ultimately to the b. burgdorferi cytoplasm. in the current study, we established that a gene cluster comprising genes bb0215 through bb0218 is cotranscribed and is therefore an operon. sequence analysis of these pr ...201324318969
viscous dynamics of lyme disease and syphilis spirochetes reveal flagellar torque and drag.the spirochetes that cause lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi) and syphilis (treponema pallidum) swim through viscous fluids, such as blood and interstitial fluid, by undulating their bodies as traveling, planar waves. these undulations are driven by rotation of the flagella within the periplasmic space, the narrow (∼20-40 nm in width) compartment between the inner and outer membranes. we show here that the swimming speeds of b. burgdorferi and t. pallidum decrease with increases in viscosity of ...201324268139
use of nonelectrolytes reveals the channel size and oligomeric constitution of the borrelia burgdorferi p66 porin.in the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi, the outer membrane protein p66 is capable of pore formation with an atypical high single-channel conductance of 11 ns in 1 m kcl, which suggested that it could have a larger diameter than 'normal' gram-negative bacterial porins. we studied the diameter of the p66 channel by analyzing its single-channel conductance in black lipid bilayers in the presence of different nonelectrolytes with known hydrodynamic radii. we calculated the filling of th ...201324223145
nlrp3 inflammasome and host protection against bacterial infection.the inflammasome is a multi-protein complex that induces maturation of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (il)-1β and il-18 through activation of caspase-1. several nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family members, including nlrp3, recognize unique microbial and danger components and play a central role in inflammasome activation. the nlrp3 inflammasome is critical for maintenance of homeostasis against pathogenic infections. however, inflammasome activation acts as a doubl ...201324133343
inactivation of cyclic di-gmp binding protein tde0214 affects the motility, biofilm formation, and virulence of treponema denticola.as a ubiquitous second messenger, cyclic dimeric gmp (c-di-gmp) has been studied in numerous bacteria. the oral spirochete treponema denticola, a periodontal pathogen associated with human periodontitis, has a complex c-di-gmp signaling network. however, its function remains unexplored. in this report, a pilz-like c-di-gmp binding protein (tde0214) was studied to investigate the role of c-di-gmp in the spirochete. tde0214 harbors a pilz domain with two signature motifs: rxxxr and dxsxxg. biochem ...201323794624
porphyromonas gingivalis and treponema denticola synergistic polymicrobial biofilm development.chronic periodontitis has a polymicrobial biofilm aetiology and interactions between key bacterial species are strongly implicated as contributing to disease progression. porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola and tannerella forsythia have all been implicated as playing roles in disease progression. p. gingivalis cell-surface-located protease/adhesins, the gingipains, have been suggested to be involved in its interactions with several other bacterial species. the aims of this study were t ...201323990979
manganese and zinc regulate virulence determinants in borrelia burgdorferi.borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease, must adapt to two diverse niches, an arthropod vector and a mammalian host. rpos, an alternative sigma factor, plays a central role in spirochetal adaptation to the mammalian host by governing expression of many genes important for mammalian infection. b. burgdorferi is known to be unique in metal utilization, and little is known of the role of biologically available metals in b. burgdorferi. here, we identified two transition metal ions ...201323690398
a phylogenomic and molecular signature based approach for characterization of the phylum spirochaetes and its major clades: proposal for a taxonomic revision of the phylum.the spirochaetes species cause many important diseases including syphilis and lyme disease. except for their containing a distinctive endoflagella, no other molecular or biochemical characteristics are presently known that are specific for either all spirochaetes or its different families. we report detailed comparative and phylogenomic analyses of protein sequences from spirochaetes genomes to understand their evolutionary relationships and to identify molecular signatures for this group. these ...201323908650
improved culture conditions for the growth and detection of borrelia from human serum.in this report we present a method to cultivate borrelia spirochetes from human serum samples with high efficiency. this method incorporates improved sample collection, optimization of culture media and use of matrix protein. the method was first optimized utilizing borrelia laboratory strains, and later by demonstrating growth of borrelia from sera from fifty seropositive lyme disease patients followed by another cohort of 72 lyme disease patients, all of whom satisfied the strict cdc surveilla ...201323470960
evidence for an abc-type riboflavin transporter system in pathogenic spirochetes.bacterial transporter proteins are involved in the translocation of many essential nutrients and metabolites. however, many of these key bacterial transport systems remain to be identified, including those involved in the transport of riboflavin (vitamin b(2)). pathogenic spirochetes lack riboflavin biosynthetic pathways, implying reliance on obtaining riboflavin from their hosts. using structural and functional characterizations of possible ligand-binding components, we have identified an abc-t ...201323404400
structure of rrn operons in pathogenic non-cultivable treponemes: sequence but not genomic position of intergenic spacers correlates with classification of treponema pallidum and treponema paraluiscuniculi strains.this study examined the sequences of the two rrna (rrn) operons of pathogenic non-cultivable treponemes, comprising 11 strains of t. pallidum ssp. pallidum (tpa), five strains of t. pallidum ssp. pertenue (tpe), two strains of t. pallidum ssp. endemicum (ten), a simian fribourg-blanc strain and a rabbit t. paraluiscuniculi (tpc) strain. pcr was used to determine the type of 16s-23s ribosomal intergenic spacers in the rrn operons from 30 clinical samples belonging to five different genotypes. whe ...201323082031
association of spirochetal infection with morgellons disease.morgellons disease (md) is an emerging multisystem illness characterized by skin lesions with unusual filaments embedded in or projecting from epithelial tissue. filament formation results from abnormal keratin and collagen expression by epithelial-based keratinocytes and fibroblasts. recent research comparing md to bovine digital dermatitis, an animal infectious disease with similar skin features, provided clues that spirochetal infection could play an important role in the human disease as it ...201324715950
periplasmic flagellar export apparatus protein, flih, is involved in post-transcriptional regulation of flab, motility and virulence of the relapsing fever spirochete borrelia hermsii.spirochetes are bacteria characterized in part by rotating periplasmic flagella that impart their helical or flat-wave morphology and motility. while most other bacteria rely on a transcriptional cascade to regulate the expression of motility genes, spirochetes employ post-transcriptional mechanism(s) that are only partially known. in the present study, we characterize a spontaneous non-motile mutant of the relapsing fever spirochete borrelia hermsii that was straight, non-motile and deficient i ...201324009690
eubacterial spovg homologs constitute a new family of site-specific dna-binding proteins.a site-specific dna-binding protein was purified from borrelia burgdorferi cytoplasmic extracts, and determined to be a member of the highly conserved spovg family. this is the first time a function has been attributed to any of these ubiquitous bacterial proteins. further investigations into spovg orthologues indicated that the staphylococcus aureus protein also binds dna, but interacts preferentially with a distinct nucleic acid sequence. site-directed mutagenesis and domain swapping between t ...201323818957
sequence divergence in the treponema denticola fhbb protein and its impact on factor h binding.treponema denticola is an anaerobic spirochete whose abundance in the subgingival crevice correlates with the development and severity of periodontal disease. the ability of t. denticola to survive and thrive in the hostile environment of the periodontal pocket is due, at least in part, to its ability to bind factor h (fh), a negative regulator of the alternative complement pathway. the fh binding protein of t. denticola has been identified as fhbb and its atomic structure has been determined. t ...201323601078
porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles mediate coaggregation and piggybacking of treponema denticola and lachnoanaerobaculum saburreum.porphyromonas gingivalis sheds outer membrane vesicles that contain several virulence factors, including adhesins. in this study, we investigated the ability of p. gingivalis outer membrane vesicles to mediate the coaggregation and piggybacking of treponema denticola and lachnoanaerobaculum saburreum. marked coaggregation between t. denticola and l. saburreum occurred in the presence of p. gingivalis outer membrane vesicles. sucrose was an effective chemoattractant for the motile species t. dent ...201323365576
the unique hmuy gene sequence as a specific marker of porphyromonas gingivalis.porphyromonas gingivalis, a major etiological agent of chronic periodontitis, acquires heme from host hemoproteins using the hmuy hemophore. the aim of this study was to develop a specific p. gingivalis marker based on a hmuy gene sequence. subgingival samples were collected from 66 patients with chronic periodontitis and 40 healthy subjects and the entire hmuy gene was analyzed in positive samples. phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that both the amino acid sequence of the hmuy protein and the ...201323844074
type i pyridoxal 5'-phosphate dependent enzymatic domains embedded within multimodular nonribosomal peptide synthetase and polyketide synthase assembly lines.pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (plp)-dependent enzymes of fold type i, the most studied structural class of the plp-dependent enzyme superfamily, are known to exist as stand-alone homodimers or homotetramers. these enzymes have been found also embedded in multimodular and multidomain assembly lines involved in the biosynthesis of polyketides (pks) and nonribosomal peptides (nrps). the aim of this work is to provide a proteome-wide view of the distribution and characteristics of type i domains covalently ...201324148833
the gain and loss of chromosomal integron systems in the treponema species.integron systems are now recognized as important agents of bacterial evolution and are prevalent in most environments. one of the human pathogens known to harbor chromosomal integrons, the treponema spirochetes are the only clade among spirochete species found to carry integrons. with the recent release of many new treponema genomes, we were able to study the distribution of chromosomal integrons in this genus.201323339550
effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on periodontally infected tooth sockets in rats.the aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (apdt) in alveolar treatment of areas with induced periodontitis. thirty male wistar rats were subjected to ligature-induced periodontal disease (pd) in the first left inferior molars, while the right side molars did not receive ligatures. after 7 days of pd evolution, ligatures were removed from the left side, and the first left and right mandibular molars were extracted. afterwards, anim ...201323912780
comparative genome analysis and identification of competitive and cooperative interactions in a polymicrobial disease.polymicrobial diseases are caused by combinations of multiple bacteria, which can lead to not only mild but also life-threatening illnesses. periodontitis represents a polymicrobial disease; porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola and tannerella forsythia, called 'the red complex', have been recognized as the causative agents of periodontitis. although molecular interactions among the three species could be responsible for progression of periodontitis, the relevant genetic mechanisms are u ...201425171331
comparative genome analysis and identification of competitive and cooperative interactions in a polymicrobial disease.polymicrobial diseases are caused by combinations of multiple bacteria, which can lead to not only mild but also life-threatening illnesses. periodontitis represents a polymicrobial disease; porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola and tannerella forsythia, called 'the red complex', have been recognized as the causative agents of periodontitis. although molecular interactions among the three species could be responsible for progression of periodontitis, the relevant genetic mechanisms are u ...201425171331
16s rdna-based metagenomic analysis of dental plaque and lung bacteria in patients with severe acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (ae-copd) are leading causes of mortality in hospital intensive care units. we sought to determine whether dental plaque biofilms might harbor pathogenic bacteria that can eventually cause lung infections in patients with severe ae-copd.201424484531
the association between detectable plasmatic human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) viral load and different subgingival microorganisms in brazilian adults with hiv: a multilevel analysis.this study investigates the association between detectable plasmatic human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) viral load (hvl) and high levels of periodontal- and non-periodontal-related microorganisms in the subgingival microbiota of individuals with hiv.201423952074
analysis of the complement sensitivity of oral treponemes and the potential influence of fh binding, fh cleavage and dentilisin activity on the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.treponema denticola, a periopathogen, evades complement-mediated killing by binding the negative complement regulatory protein factor h (fh) to its surface via the fhbb protein. paradoxically, bound fh is cleaved by t. denticola's dentilisin protease, a process hypothesized to trigger localized dysregulation of complement activation in periodontal pockets. the ability of other oral treponemes to evade complement-mediated killing and bind and cleave fh has not been assessed. in this report, we de ...201424815960
colonisation of gingival epithelia by subgingival biofilms in vitro: role of "red complex" bacteria.biofilm formation on tooth surface results in colonisation and invasion of the juxtaposed gingival tissue, eliciting strong inflammatory responses that lead to periodontal disease. this in vitro study investigated the colonisation of human gingival multi-layered epithelium by multi-species subgingival biofilms, and evaluated the relative effects of the "red complex" species (porphyromonas gingivalis, tannerella forsythia and treponema denticola).201424949828
microbial analysis of subgingival plaque samples compared to that of whole saliva in patients with periodontitis.the detection of special bacterial species in patients with periodontitis is considered to be useful for clinical diagnosis and treatment. the collection of subgingival plaque samples is the common way for the determination of periodontopathic bacteria. however, recently, salivary analysis has been discussed as an advantageous future diagnostic method for periodontitis because it offers simple quantitative sampling and the possibility to assess various bacteria. the aim of this cross-sectional s ...201424144271
sensitive real-time pcr detection of pathogenic leptospira spp. and a comparison of nucleic acid amplification methods for the diagnosis of leptospirosis.bacteria of the genus leptospira, the causative agents of leptospirosis, are categorized into pathogenic and non-pathogenic species. however, the benefit of using a clinical diagnostic that is specific for pathogenic species remains unclear. in this study, we present the development of a real-time pcr (rtpcr) for the detection of pathogenic leptospira (the pathogenic rtpcr), and we perform a comparison of the pathogenic rtpcr with a published assay that detects all leptospira species [the undiff ...201425379890
collection and characterization of samples for establishment of a serum repository for lyme disease diagnostic test development and evaluation.serological assays and a two-tiered test algorithm are recommended for laboratory confirmation of lyme disease. in the united states, the sensitivity of two-tiered testing using commercially available serology-based assays is dependent on the stage of infection and ranges from 30% in the early localized disease stage to near 100% in late-stage disease. other variables, including subjectivity in reading western blots, compliance with two-tiered recommendations, use of different first- and second- ...201425122862
metagenomic analysis reveals presence of treponema denticola in a tissue biopsy of the iceman.ancient hominoid genome studies can be regarded by definition as metagenomic analyses since they represent a mixture of both hominoid and microbial sequences in an environment. here, we report the molecular detection of the oral spirochete treponema denticola in ancient human tissue biopsies of the iceman, a 5,300-year-old copper age natural ice mummy. initially, the metagenomic data of the iceman's genomic survey was screened for bacterial ribosomal rna (rrna) specific reads. through ranking th ...201424941044
initial characterization of the flge hook high molecular weight complex of borrelia burgdorferi.the spirochete periplasmic flagellum has many unique attributes. one unusual characteristic is the flagellar hook. this structure serves as a universal joint coupling rotation of the membrane-bound motor to the flagellar filament. the hook is comprised of about 120 flge monomers, and in most bacteria these structures readily dissociate to monomers (∼ 50 kda) when treated with heat and detergent. however, in spirochetes the flge monomers form a large mass of over 250 kda [referred to as a high mo ...201424859001
superoxide dismutases and superoxide reductases. 201424684599
membrane lipids in agrobacterium tumefaciens: biosynthetic pathways and importance for pathogenesis.many cellular processes critically depend on the membrane composition. in this review, we focus on the biosynthesis and physiological roles of membrane lipids in the plant pathogen agrobacterium tumefaciens. the major components of a. tumefaciens membranes are the phospholipids (pls), phosphatidylethanolamine (pe), phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine (pc) and cardiolipin, and ornithine lipids (ols). under phosphate-limited conditions, the membrane composition shifts to phosphate-free lipid ...201424723930
what role do periodontal pathogens play in osteoarthritis and periprosthetic joint infections of the knee?through the use of polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-electron spray ionization (esi)-time of flight (tof)-mass spectrometry (ms), we identified multiple periodontal pathogens within joint tissues of individuals undergoing replacement arthroplasties of the knee. the most prevalent of the periodontal pathogens were treponema denticola and enterococcus faecalis, the latter of which is commonly associated with apical periodontitis. these findings were unique to periprosthetic joint infections (pji) of ...201424921460
inter-bacterial correlations in subgingival biofilms: a large-scale survey.although the complexity of the oral ecology and the ecological differences between health and disease are well accepted, a clear view on the dynamics in relation to disease is lacking. in this study, the prevalence and abundance of 20 key oral bacteria was assessed in health and disease and more importantly a closer look was given to the inter-bacterial relationships.201424102517
molecular identification and antibiotic resistant bacteria isolated from primary dentition infections.bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a health problem in many parts of the world. the aim of this study was to identify bacteria from dental infections and determine bacterial resistance to antibiotics used in dental care in the primary dentition.201425091293
molecular detection of bacteria associated to dental caries in 4-12-year-old tunisian children.the occurrence of several microbial species in the oral cavity of 4-12-year-old tunisian children was investigated. samples were taken from 158 children (81 caries actives and 77 caries free). genomic dna was extracted and analyzed for the presence of 17 microbial species using a polymerase chain reaction assay. all samples were positive for at least one of the target microbial strains. streptococcus mutans was the most prevalent species (76.5%) detected in genomic dna collected from carious les ...201424814824
targeting cystalysin, a virulence factor of treponema denticola-supported periodontitis.cystalysin from treponema denticola is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate dependent lyase that catalyzes the formation of pyruvate, ammonia, and sulfide from cysteine. it is a virulence factor in adult periodontitis because its reaction contributes to hemolysis, which sustains the pathogen. therefore, it was proposed as a potential antimicrobial target. to identify specific inhibitors by structure-based in silico methods, we first validated the crystal structure of cystalysin as a reliable starting point ...201424616267
molecular microbiological evaluation of subgingival biofilm sampling by paper point and curette.the present clinical study aimed to investigate if there are differences in microbiological outcomes dependent on the subgingival biofilm collection method. subgingival biofilm samples were collected from the four deepest pockets (>5 mm) of 17 patients with aggressive periodontitis (agp) and 33 patients with chronic periodontitis (cp), first by paper point and thereafter by curette. samples obtained with the same method were pooled together from each patient and forwarded for molecular microbiol ...201423879704
biology and pathogenesis of cytomegalovirus in periodontal disease.human periodontitis is associated with a wide range of bacteria and viruses and with complex innate and adaptive immune responses. porphyromonas gingivalis, tannerella forsythia, aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, treponema denticola, cytomegalovirus and other herpesviruses are major suspected pathogens of periodontitis, and a combined herpesvirus-bacterial periodontal infection can potentially explain major clinical features of the disease. cytomegalovirus infects periodontal macrophages an ...201424320955
detection and quantification of periodontal pathogens in smokers and never-smokers with chronic periodontitis by real-time polymerase chain reaction.the purpose of the present investigation is to compare the presence and number of periodontal pathogens in the subgingival microbiota of smokers versus never-smokers with chronic periodontitis and matched probing depths (pds) using real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr).201424794687
genetic characteristics and pathogenic mechanisms of periodontal pathogens.periodontal disease is caused by a group of bacteria that utilize a variety of strategies and molecular mechanisms to evade or overcome host defenses. recent research has uncovered new evidence illuminating interesting aspects of the virulence of these bacteria and their genomic variability. this paper summarizes some of the strategies utilized by the major species - aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, tannerella forsythia, treponema denticola, and porphyromonas gingivalis - implicated in the ...201424736700
microbiological effects of periodontal therapy plus azithromycin in patients with diabetes: results from a randomized clinical trial.current evidence suggests that periodontal infection may aggravate diabetes control. the aim of this study was to determine the changes in the frequency with which porphyromonas gingivalis, tannerella forsythia, treponema denticola and aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were detected in patients with diabetes with the use of non-surgical therapy plus azithromycin in a randomized clinical trial. one hundred and five (105) patients with diabetes and chronic periodontitis were randomly assigned ...201425523961
detection of periodontal pathogens in the patients with aortic aneurysm.the occurrence and development of aortic aneurysm (aa) are associated with infection. some researchers have detected the dna of periodontal pathogens in aa samples in certain populations. however, it has not been done in chinese population. the objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of periodontal pathogens in oral tissue samples and aneurysm samples of aa patients.201425430459
rare case of generalised aggressive periodontitis in the primary dentition.generalised aggressive periodontitis (ap) in the prepubescent age is an exceptionally rare disease in the primary dentition of otherwise healthy children. characteristics of ap are gingival inflammation, deep periodontal pockets, bone loss, tooth mobility and even tooth loss. the most common way of treating this disease is the extraction of all the involved primary teeth.201425001360
periodontal pathogens and associated factors in aggressive periodontitis: results 5-17 years after active periodontal therapy.to assess the association between presence of periodontal pathogens and recurrence of disease in patients with aggressive periodontitis (agp) after active periodontal therapy (apt) and further influencing factors.201424708362
soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (strem-1) in gingival crevicular fluid: association with clinical and microbiologic parameters.soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (strem-1) belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and is involved in amplification of the inflammatory response to bacterial infection. this cross-sectional study aims to investigate the levels of strem-1 in gingival crevicular fluid (gcf) of individuals without periodontitis and with chronic periodontitis (cp) or generalized aggressive periodontitis (gagp) and their association with the levels of key periodontal pathogens in subgingival ...201423659423
detection of eight periodontal microorganisms and distribution of porphyromonas gingivalis fima genotypes in chinese patients with aggressive periodontitis.the microbiologic feature of aggressive periodontitis (agp) in chinese patients has not yet been determined. this study aims to investigate the prevalence of eight periodontal microorganisms and the distribution of the porphyromonas gingivalis fima genotype in a cohort of chinese patients with agp.201423646850
serum antibody responses to periodontal microbiota in chronic and aggressive periodontitis: a postulate revisited.the authors revisited the 1999 international workshop postulate of robust serum antibody responses to infecting agents in localized aggressive periodontitis (lagp) and weak responses in generalized aggressive periodontitis (gagp). antibody responses were further examined in localized and generalized chronic periodontitis (lcp and gcp).201423725029
genetic analysis of porphyromonas gingivalis (fima), aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and red complex in coronary plaque.the objective of the present study was to detect the presence of porphyromonas gingivalis (fima), aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and red complex in the coronary plaque of patients with coronary artery disease.201423447375
cluster of bacteria associated with peri-implantitis.information on the microbiota in peri-implantitis is limited. we hypothesized that neither gender nor a history of periodontitis/smoking or the microbiota at implants differ by implant status.201423527870
prevalence of six periodontal pathogens in subgingival samples of italian patients with chronic periodontitis.the aim of this study was to investigate the subgingival prevalence of six periodontal pathogens in 352 italian patients with chronic periodontitis. possible correlations with clinical parameters, age, gender and smoking status were also investigated. at first visit a pooled subgingival plaque sample was obtained for each subject by using the paper-point method. the samples were processed and analysed according to a commercially available quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction assay (m ...201425387289
effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on short chain fatty acid levels in gingival crevicular fluid of patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis.short chain fatty acids (scfas) play important roles in periodontal diseases. however, the concentrations of scfas in gingival crevicular fluid of patients with aggressive periodontitis are not known. the aim of this intervention study was to investigate the influences of non-surgical periodontal therapy on levels of scfas in the gingival crevicular fluid of patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (g-agp), and analyze the concentrations of scfas in sites with or without the detected p ...201425340203
isolation of treponema and tannerella spp. from equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis related periodontal disease.red complex bacteria, i.e. porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola and tannerella forsythia, are involved in the onset and progression of periodontal disease in man, yet seldom inhabit the oral cavity of healthy individuals. periodontal disease is also encountered in horses, with equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis (eotrh) constituting a particular form of disease. however, only little is known about the oral microbiome of healthy and periodontitis-affected equids.201423742079
[comparison of the effects of ginkgo biloba extract and minocycline hydrochlovide on periodontitis].to compare the clinical effect of ginkgo biloba extract gel (ginkgo biloba extract,egb) and minocycline hydrochloride (periocline) on periodontitis and their inhibition on putative periodontal pathogens.201425199931
periodontal bacteria in human carotid atherothrombosis as a potential trigger for neutrophil activation.epidemiological, biological and clinical links between periodontal and cardiovascular diseases are now well established. several human studies have detected bacterial dna corresponding to periodontal pathogens in cardiovascular samples. intraplaque hemorrhage has been associated with a higher risk of atherosclerotic plaque rupture, potentially mediated by neutrophil activation. in this study, we hypothesized that plaque composition may be related to periodontal pathogens.201425173070
oral inflammation, tooth loss, risk factors, and association with progression of alzheimer's disease.periodontitis is a polymicrobial chronic inflammatory disease of tooth-supporting tissues with bacterial etiology affecting all age groups, becoming chronic in a subgroup of older individuals. periodontal pathogens porphyromonas gingivalis, tannerella forsythia, and treponema denticola are implicated in the development of a number of inflammatory pathologies at remote organ sites, including alzheimer's disease (ad). the initial inflammatory hypothesis proposed that ad hallmark proteins were the ...201424946875
molecular analysis of oral bacteria in dental biofilm and atherosclerotic plaques of patients with vascular disease.oral bacteria have been detected in atherosclerotic plaques at a variable frequency; however, the connection between oral health and vascular and oral bacterial profiles of patients with vascular disease is not clearly established. the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of oral bacterial dna in the mouth and atherosclerotic plaques, in addition to assessing the patients' caries and periodontal disease history.201424820755
periodontal disease associated with red complex bacteria in dogs.red complex bacteria (treponema denticola, tannerella forsythia and porphyromonas gingivalis) play a major role in the aetiology of periodontal disease in humans. this study was designed to evaluate the association of such bacteria with periodontal disease in dogs.201424450418
subgingival microbial profile and production of proinflammatory cytokines in chronic periodontitis.this review examines literature data concerning the bacterial findings in chronic periodontitis depending on pocket depth, and presents the latest published information on the presence of proinflammatory factors in periodontal environment. it has been found that chronic periodontitis affects as much as 80% of the middle-aged population; by comparison, the prevalence of aggressive periodontitis reaches up to 1-1.5%. it is accepted that this social disease is multifactorial in etiology, but the ev ...201425507669
subgingival microbial profile and production of proinflammatory cytokines in chronic periodontitis.this review examines literature data concerning the bacterial findings in chronic periodontitis depending on pocket depth, and presents the latest published information on the presence of proinflammatory factors in periodontal environment. it has been found that chronic periodontitis affects as much as 80% of the middle-aged population; by comparison, the prevalence of aggressive periodontitis reaches up to 1-1.5%. it is accepted that this social disease is multifactorial in etiology, but the ev ...201425434071
dentilisin involvement in coaggregation between treponema denticola and tannerella forsythia.periodontitis arises from a biofilm consisting of gram-negative anaerobic rods and spirochetes. porphyromonas gingivalis, treponema denticola, and tannerella forsythia, termed the red complex, have been co-isolated with high frequency from chronic periodontitis lesions, and these microorganisms are thought to be major pathogens of the disease. coaggregation is an important strategy in the colonization of dental plaque biofilm by these bacteria. in the present study, we investigated the coaggrega ...201425152229
quantification of periodontal pathogens cell counts by capillary electrophoresis.gingivitis is a highly prevalent periodontal disease around the worldwide. porphyromonas gingivalis (p.g), treponema denticola (t.d) and tannerela forsythia (t.f) were considered to be three important periodontal pathogens related to gingivitis, and research shows that the counts of periodontal pathogen cells in the patients before, during, and after fixed orthodontic appliance therapy were quite different. we proposed a simple method to extract the periodontal pathogens from the periodontal poc ...201425145561
effects of ginkgo biloba extract on periodontal pathogens and its clinical efficacy as adjuvant treatment.to determine the effects of ginkgo biloba extract (egb) on major periodontal pathogens in subgingival plaque.201425098260
oral hygiene reinforcement in the simplified periodontal treatment of 1 hour.to compare the clinical and microbiological outcome of the 1-h ultrasonic debridement of chronic periodontitis patients (cpp) with and without frequent sessions of oral hygiene reinforcement.201424255993
presence of digital dermatitis treponemes on cattle and sheep hoof trimming equipment.digital dermatitis (dd) is an infectious foot disease causing severe lameness in dairy cattle (worldwide) and sheep (uk). this study investigated whether dd treponema phylogroups can be present on equipment used to trim ruminant hooves and, therefore, consider this trimming equipment as a possible vector for the transmission of dd. equipment was tested after being used to trim dd symptomatic and asymptomatic cattle and sheep hooves, and subsequently after disinfection of equipment. after trimmin ...201424821857
mechanisms of il-8 suppression by treponema denticola in gingival epithelial cells.the purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism(s) of interleukin (il)-8 suppression by treponema denticola, one of the major periodontal pathogens, in gingival epithelial cells. immortalized human gingival epithelial hok-16b cells were infected with wild-type (wt), dentilisin-deficient (k1) or flagellin-deficient (flge) t. denticola in the presence or absence of 2% human serum for 24 h. the levels of il-8 expression were measured with real-time reverse transcription pcr and elisa. in ...201424296811
prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in subjects with successful and failing dental implants. a pilot study.to investigate the prevalence of the bacterial genes encoding resistance to beta-lactams, tetracyclines and metronidazole respectively, in subjects with successful and failing dental implants and to assess the presence of staphylococcus aureus and the meca gene encoding for methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) in the same samples.201425646133
prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in subjects with successful and failing dental implants. a pilot study.to investigate the prevalence of the bacterial genes encoding resistance to beta-lactams, tetracyclines and metronidazole respectively, in subjects with successful and failing dental implants and to assess the presence of staphylococcus aureus and the meca gene encoding for methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) in the same samples.201425646133
effects of adjunctive daily phototherapy on chronic periodontitis: a randomized single-blind controlled trial.the purpose of this randomized single-blind controlled trial was to elucidate the clinical and antimicrobial effects of daily phototherapy (pt) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (srp) in patients with chronic periodontitis.201425568808
association between immunoglobulin g1 against tannerella forsythia and reduction in the loss of attachment tissue.to evaluate whether the levels of immunoglobulin g (igg) antibody to tanerella forsythia are associated with periodontal status.201425568807
n-acetylcysteine and the human serum components that inhibit bacterial invasion of gingival epithelial cells prevent experimental periodontitis in mice.we previously reported that human serum significantly reduces the invasion of various oral bacterial species into gingival epithelial cells in vitro. the aims of the present study were to characterize the serum component(s) responsible for the inhibition of bacterial invasion of epithelial cells and to examine their effect on periodontitis induced in mice.201425568806
porphyromonas gingivalis and related bacteria: from colonial pigmentation to the type ix secretion system and gliding motility.porphyromonas gingivalis is a gram-negative, non-motile, anaerobic bacterium implicated as a major pathogen in periodontal disease. p. gingivalis grows as black-pigmented colonies on blood agar, and many bacteriologists have shown interest in this property. studies of colonial pigmentation have revealed a number of important findings, including an association with the highly active extracellular and surface proteinases called gingipains that are found in p. gingivalis. the por secretion system, ...201425546073
porphyromonas gingivalis and related bacteria: from colonial pigmentation to the type ix secretion system and gliding motility.porphyromonas gingivalis is a gram-negative, non-motile, anaerobic bacterium implicated as a major pathogen in periodontal disease. p. gingivalis grows as black-pigmented colonies on blood agar, and many bacteriologists have shown interest in this property. studies of colonial pigmentation have revealed a number of important findings, including an association with the highly active extracellular and surface proteinases called gingipains that are found in p. gingivalis. the por secretion system, ...201425546073
complete genome sequence for treponema sp. omz 838 (atcc 700772, dsm 16789), isolated from a necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis lesion.the oral treponeme bacterium treponema sp. omz 838 was originally isolated from a human necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (nug) lesion. its taxonomic status remains uncertain. the complete genome sequence length was determined to be 2,708,067 bp, with a g+c content of 44.58%, and 2,236 predicted coding dna sequences (cds).201425540346
prevalence and quantitative analysis of epstein-barr virus dna and porphyromonas gingivalis associated with japanese chronic periodontitis patients.a number of studies have recently suggested epstein-barr virus (ebv) involvement in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. in this study, we investigated the association between major periodontopathic bacteria porphyromonas gingivalis (p. gingivalis) and ebv in japanese chronic periodontitis (cp) patients.201425515271
prevalence and quantitative analysis of epstein-barr virus dna and porphyromonas gingivalis associated with japanese chronic periodontitis patients.a number of studies have recently suggested epstein-barr virus (ebv) involvement in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. in this study, we investigated the association between major periodontopathic bacteria porphyromonas gingivalis (p. gingivalis) and ebv in japanese chronic periodontitis (cp) patients.201425515271
fimbriae-mediated outer membrane vesicle production and invasion of porphyromonas gingivalis.porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone periopathogen that plays an essential role in the progress of periodontitis. like other gram-negative bacteria, the ability of p. gingivalis to produce outer membrane vesicles is a strategy used to interact with, and survive within its biological niches. here we compared the protein components associated with vesicles derived from a fimbriated strain (33277) and an afimbriated strain (w83) of p. gingivalis using proteomic analyses. some well-known virulence ...201425524808
fimbriae-mediated outer membrane vesicle production and invasion of porphyromonas gingivalis.porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone periopathogen that plays an essential role in the progress of periodontitis. like other gram-negative bacteria, the ability of p. gingivalis to produce outer membrane vesicles is a strategy used to interact with, and survive within its biological niches. here we compared the protein components associated with vesicles derived from a fimbriated strain (33277) and an afimbriated strain (w83) of p. gingivalis using proteomic analyses. some well-known virulence ...201425524808
serum igg antibody levels to periodontal microbiota are associated with incident alzheimer disease.periodontitis and alzheimer disease (ad) are associated with systemic inflammation. this research studied serum igg to periodontal microbiota as possible predictors of incident ad.201425522313
identification of dipeptidyl-peptidase (dpp)5 and dpp7 in porphyromonas endodontalis, distinct from those in porphyromonas gingivalis.dipeptidyl peptidases (dpps) that liberate dipeptides from the n-terminal end of oligopeptides are crucial for the growth of porphyromonas species, anaerobic asaccharolytic gram negative rods that utilize amino acids as energy sources. porphyromonas endodontalis is a causative agent of periapical lesions with acute symptoms and asp/glu-specific dpp11 has been solely characterized in this organism. in this study, we identified and characterized two p. endodontalis dpps, dpp5 and dpp7. cell-associ ...201425494328
subgingival microbial profiles of sudanese patients with aggressive periodontitis.aggressive periodontitis (agp) is prevalent and shows a rapid course in african individuals. although a strong focus has been placed on aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, new methods support the existence of a complex subgingival microflora in agp. the purpose of the present study was to map the subgingival microbiota as well as explore the presence of a. actinomycetemcomitans and the jp2 clone in a group of sudanese individuals with agp, using different analytical methods.201425487558
subgingival microbial profiles of sudanese patients with aggressive periodontitis.aggressive periodontitis (agp) is prevalent and shows a rapid course in african individuals. although a strong focus has been placed on aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, new methods support the existence of a complex subgingival microflora in agp. the purpose of the present study was to map the subgingival microbiota as well as explore the presence of a. actinomycetemcomitans and the jp2 clone in a group of sudanese individuals with agp, using different analytical methods.201425487558
a 17-year old patient with dock8 deficiency, severe oral hsv-1 and aggressive periodontitis - a case of virally induced periodontitis?we present a 17-year old girl with dock-8 deficiency, severe untreated oral hsv-1 infection and associated aggressive periodontitis. dock-8 deficiency is a primary immunodeficiency, caused by biallelicloss-of-function mutations in the dock8 gene, often leading to severe viral and fungal mucocutaneous infections. nevertheless, to date dock8 has not been associated with severe periodontitis and inflammatory bone loss around teeth. understanding whether dock8 deficiency or severe hsv-1 infection un ...201425600604
a 17-year old patient with dock8 deficiency, severe oral hsv-1 and aggressive periodontitis - a case of virally induced periodontitis?we present a 17-year old girl with dock-8 deficiency, severe untreated oral hsv-1 infection and associated aggressive periodontitis. dock-8 deficiency is a primary immunodeficiency, caused by biallelicloss-of-function mutations in the dock8 gene, often leading to severe viral and fungal mucocutaneous infections. nevertheless, to date dock8 has not been associated with severe periodontitis and inflammatory bone loss around teeth. understanding whether dock8 deficiency or severe hsv-1 infection un ...201425600604
s-nitrosoglutathione accelerates recovery from 5-fluorouracil-induced oral mucositis.mucositis induced by anti-neoplastic drugs is an important, dose-limiting and costly side-effect of cancer therapy.201425478918
rho and rnase play a central role in fmn riboswitch regulation in corynebacterium glutamicum.riboswitches are rna elements that regulate gene expression in response to their ligand. although these regulations are thought to be performed without any aid of other factors, recent studies suggested the participation of protein factors such as transcriptional termination factor rho and rnase in some riboswitch regulations. however, to what extent these protein factors contribute to the regulation was unclear. here, we studied the regulatory mechanism of the flavin mononucleotide (fmn) ribosw ...201425477389
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