Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| genomic subtraction to identify and characterize sequences of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o91:h21. | to identify shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli genes associated with severe human disease, a genomic subtraction technique was used with hemolytic-uremic syndrome-associated o91:h21 strain ch014 and o6:h10 bovine strains. the method was adapted to the shiga toxin-producing e. coli genome: three rounds of subtraction were used to isolate dna fragments specific to strain ch014. the fragments were characterized by genetic support analysis, sequencing, and hybridization to the genome of a collec ... | 2002 | 11976103 |
| design, production, and characterization of recombinant neocarzinostatin apoprotein in escherichia coli. | neocarzinostatin (ncs) is the first discovered anti-tumor antibiotic having an enediyne-containing chromophore and an apoprotein with a 1:1 complex. an artificial gene library for ncs apoprotein (apo-ncs) production in escherichia coli was designed and constructed on a phage-display vector, pjufo. the recombinant phages expressing pre-apo-ncs protein were enriched with a mouse anti-apo-ncs monoclonal antibody, 1c7d4. the apo-ncs gene (encsa) for e. coli was successfully cloned, and then re-clone ... | 2002 | 11983081 |
| pathogenic shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli in the intestine of calves. | the purpose of this study was to compare the pathological effects of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) that vary in their association with bovine and human disease. shiga toxin-producing e. coli of serotypes associated with both dysentery in calves and hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) in humans (o5:h-, o26:h11, o111:h-,o113:h21) were compared with o157:h7 stec, which are associated with hus in humans but not with disease in calves. the stec were administered orally to 80 day-old chick ... | 2002 | 11989736 |
| biofilm bacteria: formation and comparative susceptibility to antibiotics. | the calgary biofilm device (cbd) was used to form bacterial biofilms of selected veterinary gram-negative and gram-positive pathogenic bacteria from cattle, sheep, pigs, chicken, and turkeys. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (mbec) of ampicillin, ceftiofur, cloxacillin, oxytetracycline, penicillin g, streptomycin, tetracycline, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, tilmicosin, and trimethoprim-sulfadoxine for gram-positive and -negative b ... | 2002 | 11989739 |
| in vitro expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1beta, and interleukin 8 mrna by bovine macrophages following exposure to porphyromonas levii. | the objective was to evaluate the pro-inflammatory response of bovine macrophages towards porphyromonas levii, an etiologic agent of acute interdigital phlegmon, by evaluating the mrna expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha), interleukin 1beta (il-1beta), and interleukin 8 (il-8). bovine macrophages detect the presence of bacteria, such as p. levii, and respond by upregulating transcription of the genes for pro-inflammatory cytokines tnf-alpha and il-1beta in addition to the neutro ... | 2002 | 11989740 |
| e. coli aconitase b structure reveals a heat-like domain with implications for protein-protein recognition. | the major bifunctional aconitase of escherichia coli (acnb) serves as either an enzymic catalyst or a mrna-binding post-transcriptional regulator, depending on the status of its iron sulfur cluster. acnb represents a large, distinct group of gram-negative bacterial aconitases that have an altered domain organization relative to mitochondrial aconitase and other aconitases. here the 2.4 a structure of e. coli acnb reveals a high degree of conservation at the active site despite its domain reorgan ... | 2002 | 11992126 |
| hsc66 substrate specificity is directed toward a discrete region of the iron-sulfur cluster template protein iscu. | hsc66 and hsc20 comprise a specialized chaperone system important for the assembly of iron-sulfur clusters in escherchia coli. only a single substrate, the fe/s template protein iscu, has been identified for the hsc66/hsc20 system, but the mechanism by which hsc66 selectively binds iscu is unknown. we have investigated hsc66 substrate specificity using phage display and a peptide array of iscu. screening of a heptameric peptide phage display library revealed that hsc66 prefers peptides with a ce ... | 2002 | 11994302 |
| salmonella and other enterobacteriaceae in dairy-cow feed ingredients: antimicrobial resistance in western oregon. | several studies have suggested an association between the use of antimicrobial agents in animal feeds and an increased risk that humans will contract resistant strains of bacteria such as salmonella species, escherichia coli, and other enteric isolates. the authors of this study evaluated whether animal feeds might serve as sources of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, especially bacteria that are pathogenic to humans. from july through august 1998, samples of feed ingredients were collected from ... | 2002 | 12004595 |
| combination of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and single-enzyme amplified fragment length polymorphism (saflp) for differentiation of multiresistant salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium. | to assess the combined application of plasmid profile typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and pcr-based single-enzyme amplified fragment length polymorphism (saflp) for the differentiation of 18 multiresistant (mr) and one drug-sensitive strain of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium from humans and food animals. | 2002 | 12010170 |
| [surveillance of escherichia coli o157:h7 among animals in jiangsu province in 1999]. | to understand the escherichia coli o157:h7 carrier rate of host animals and the toxic gene of the strains in different areas in jiangsu province. | 2002 | 12015089 |
| efficacy of immunization with ferric citrate receptor feca from escherichia coli on induced coliform mastitis. | the effects of immunization with the ferric citrate receptor feca on antibody responses and on experimentally induced mastitis following intramammary challenge were investigated. twenty-one cows were assigned to seven blocks of three cows based on expected parturition. cows within block were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: 1) feca immunization, 2) escherichia coli j5 immunization, and 3) unimmunized controls. challenge was by infusion of approximately 60 cfu of e. coli 727 into one ... | 2002 | 12018422 |
| aggregation of animal lactobacilli with o157 enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli. | the effect of selected autoaggregative lactobacilli on enterohemorragic o157 escherichia coli was studied. a total of 27 lactobacillus sp. strains were examined for expression of autoaggregation and cell surface hydrophobicity. autoaggregative isolates were obtained from the crops of chickens and vaginas of calves. aggregative activity was seen between eight autoaggregative lactobacilli and six strains of enterohemorrhagic e. coli o157. the presence of aggregation-promoting factor (apf gene) was ... | 2002 | 12019947 |
| prevalence and molecular characterization of escherichia coli o157:h7 in bulk tank milk and fecal samples from cull cows: a 12-month survey of dairy farms in east tennessee. | a study on the prevalence of escherichia coli o157:h7 was conducted on 30 dairy farms in east tennessee between may 2000 and april 2001. this pathogen was isolated from 8 of 30 (26.7%) dairy farms at various sampling times. a total of 415 fecal samples from cull dairy cows and 268 bulk tank milk samples were analyzed. overall, 10 of 683 (1.46%) samples (2 of 268 [0.75%] milk samples and 8 of 415 [1.93%] fecal samples) tested positive for e. coli o157:h7. food and drug administration bacteriologi ... | 2002 | 12030284 |
| identification of escherichia coli o157:h7 and other enterohemorrhagic serotypes by ehec- hlya targeting, strand displacement amplification, and fluorescence polarization. | human disease caused by enterohemorrhagic e. coli o157:h7 and other serotypes (ehec) has been associated with bovine fecal contamination of food and the environment. the range of serotypes, low infectious dose, and numerous transmission vehicles for ehec render development of detection methods for this pathogen complex. in this study, the hemolysin gene (ehec- hly a) was targeted with oligonucleotides, and probe-target hybrids were amplified using strand displacement amplification (sda). amplico ... | 2002 | 12030758 |
| development of a procedure for discriminating among escherichia coli isolates from animal and human sources. | counts of escherichia coli cells in water indicate the potential presence of pathogenic microbes of intestinal origin but give no indication of the sources of the microbial pollution. the objective of this research was to evaluate methods for differentiating e. coli isolates of livestock, wildlife, or human origin that might be used to predict the sources of fecal pollution of water. a collection of 319 e. coli isolates from the feces of cattle, poultry, swine, deer, goose, and moose, as well as ... | 2002 | 12039721 |
| lochial secretions of escherichia coli- or arcanobacterium pyogenes-infected bovine uteri modulate the phenotype and the functional capacity of neutrophilic granulocytes. | it has been suggested that in cases of puerperal endometritis of cattle infected with escherichia coli and arcanobacterium pyogenes, the neutrophils are compromised in their defense capacity or downregulated functionally. in addition to direct bacterial effects, contents of lochial secretions and secreted products of locally activated polymorphonuclear neutrophilic granulocytes (pmns) may also account for changes in function of freshly immigrating neutrophils. in this study, lochial secretions w ... | 2002 | 12041909 |
| rapid selection of anti-hapten antibodies isolated from synthetic and semi-synthetic antibody phage display libraries expressed in escherichia coli. | antibody phage display libraries (griffin and tomlinson i) displaying antibody genes and maintained and amplified in escherichia coli were used to isolate antibodies to the hapten target microcystin lr (1000 da) conjugated to either bovine serum albumin or keyhole limpet haemocyanin. in competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, bacterially expressed antibodies selected via the griffin library showed at least 300 times greater sensitivity than those isolated from the tomlinson library, for f ... | 2002 | 12044684 |
| ph, inhibitor, and substrate specificity studies on escherichia coli penicillin-binding protein 5. | the recent structural determination of escherichia coli penicillin-binding protein 5 (pbp 5) provides the opportunity for detailed structure-function studies of this enzyme. pbp 5 was investigated in terms of its stability, linear reaction kinetics, acyl-donor substrate specificity, inhibition by a number of active site-directed reagents, and ph profile. pbp 5 demonstrated linear reaction kinetics for up to several hours. dilution of pbp 5 generally resulted in substantial loss of activity, unle ... | 2002 | 12044907 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis mammalian cell entry operon (mce) homologs in mycobacterium other than tuberculosis (mott). | the cloned mammalian cell entry gene mce1a from mycobacterium tuberculosis confers to non-pathogenic escherichia coli the ability to invade and survive inside macrophages and hela cells. the aim of this work was to search for and characterize homologs of the four m. tuberculosis mammalian cell entry operons (mce1, mce2, mce3 and mce4) in mycobacteria other than tuberculosis (mott). the dot-blot and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) experiments performed on 24 clinical isolates representing 20 diff ... | 2002 | 12052567 |
| effect of enrofloxacin treatment on plasma endotoxin during bovine escherichia coli mastitis. | to investigate the effect of enrofloxacin on endotoxin resorption during bovine escherichia coli mastitis. | 2002 | 12058958 |
| definition of the first mannosylation step in phosphatidylinositol mannoside synthesis. pima is essential for growth of mycobacteria. | we examined the function of the pima (rv2610c) gene, located in the vicinity of the phosphatidylinositol synthase gene in the genomes of mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium smegmatis, which encodes a putative mannosyltransferase involved in the early steps of phosphatidylinositol mannoside synthesis. a cell-free assay was developed in which membranes from m. smegmatis overexpressing the pima gene incorporate mannose from gdp-[(14)c]man into di- and tri-acylated phosphatidylinositol mono ... | 2002 | 12068013 |
| a new electron transport mechanism in mitochondrial steroid hydroxylase systems based on structural changes upon the reduction of adrenodoxin. | the adrenal ferredoxin (adrenodoxin, adx) is an acidic 14.4-kda [2fe-2s] ferredoxin that belongs to the vertebrate ferredoxin family. it is involved in the electron transfer from the flavoenzyme nadph-adrenodoxin-reductase to cytochromes p-450(scc) and p-450(11)(beta). the interaction between the redox partners during electron transport has not yet been fully established. determining the tertiary structure of an electron-transfer protein may be very helpful in understanding the transport mechani ... | 2002 | 12069587 |
| [survey of the presence of bacterial pathogens in foods sold at retail stores in the city of cassino]. | the presence of bacterial food pathogens was evaluated in 154 food samples collected from supermarkets and butchers in the city of cassino (south-central italy). food pathogens were identified in 17.5% of the total food samples. in the raw meat samples, 24.6% tested positives for listeria monocytogenes, 4.3% for salmonella and 2.9% for escherichia coli o157. y. enterocolitica, only investigated in pork meat, was identified in 7.4% of the samples. in poultry, l. monocytogenes was identified in 55 ... | 2002 | 12070904 |
| fluorescently labelled bovine acyl-coa-binding protein acting as an acyl-coa sensor: interaction with coa and acyl-coa esters and its use in measuring free acyl-coa esters and non-esterified fatty acids. | long-chain acyl-coa esters are key metabolites in lipid synthesis and beta-oxidation but, at the same time, are important regulators of intermediate metabolism, insulin secretion, vesicular trafficking and gene expression. key tools in studying the regulatory functions of acyl-coa esters are reliable methods for the determination of free acyl-coa concentrations. no such method is presently available. in the present study, we describe the synthesis of two acyl-coa sensors for measuring free acyl- ... | 2002 | 12071849 |
| mucosal immunoadjuvant activity of the low toxic recombinant escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin produced by bacillus brevis for the bacterial subunit or component vaccine in pigs and cattle. | a gene encoding the mature escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) lacking the nick site in the a subunit by deleting tripeptides was introduced in a vector pnh301 and expressed extracellularly as mutant molecule of holotoxin at high levels in bacilus brevis hpd31-s5 of the host bacterium. the mucosal adjuvant activities of the produced mutant lt (mlt) preparation were studied in pigs and cattle. intranasal immunization of pigs with the recombinant subunit vaccine of erysipelothrix rhusiop ... | 2002 | 12072249 |
| the antimicrobial properties of milkfat after partial hydrolysis by calf pregastric lipase. | studies on the kinetic characteristics of calf pregastric lipase (ec 3.1.1.3) have shown that it preferentially releases short chain fatty acids (scfas) from bovine milkfat. the released fatty acids form mixed micelle structures. the aim of this investigation has been to test whether hydrolysed milkfat is antimicrobial, and how the state of the emulsion alters the bactericidal or bacteriostatic effects. partial hydrolysis of milkfat by pregastric lipase was carried out in two types of emulsion s ... | 2002 | 12076524 |
| effect of culture conditions on escherichia coli o157:h7-mediated attaching-effacing lesions in a bovine large intestinal mucosal explant model. | the effects of culture conditions on the extent of escherichia coli o157:h7 attaching-effacing (a/e) adherence in an adult bovine large intestinal mucosal explant model were assessed by three different morphometric methods. measurement of the percent of tissue sections with a/e adherence and the number of foci of a/e adherence mm(-1) of surface epithelium was more sensitive than measurement of the percent of surface epithelium with a/e adherent bacteria for detection of treatment effects. cultur ... | 2002 | 12076795 |
| production of recombinant buffalo (bubalus bubalis) and goat (capra hircus) growth hormones from genetically modified e. coli strains. | the growth hormone cdnas of indian reverine buffalo (bubalus bubalis) and beetal goat (capra hircus) were cloned in escherichia coli through rt-pcr technique. nucleotide sequencing revealed several silent mutations in both cdnas and only one amino acid change in the case of goat when compared to reported bovine (bos taurus) sequence. the high level expression of both the polypeptide hormones was achieved in e. coli (> or =30% of soluble intracellular proteins) through the construction of two-cis ... | 2002 | 12084476 |
| trends in antibacterial susceptibility of mastitis pathogens during a seven-year period. | milk samples collected from dairy cattle suspected of having mastitis were submitted to the microbiology laboratory of the animal health diagnostic laboratory, michigan state university, for bacteriologic culture. a total of 2778 isolates, from the years 1994 to 2000, were isolated, identified, and subjected to in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the disk diffusion method, in accordance with national committee on clinical laboratory standards (nccls) standards. isolates included ... | 2002 | 12086045 |
| the effect of pathogen-specific clinical mastitis on the lactation curve for somatic cell count. | data from 274 dutch herds recording clinical mastitis (cm) over an 18-mo period were used to investigate the effect of pathogen-specific cm on the lactation curve for somatic cell count (scc). analyzed pathogens were staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, escherichia coli, streptococcus dysgalactiae, streptococcus uberis, other streptococci, and the culture-negative samples. the dataset contained 178,754 test-day records on scc, recorded in 26,411 lactations of 21,525 cows of d ... | 2002 | 12086069 |
| acquisition of antibiotic resistance plasmids by enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 within rumen fluid. | the emergence of antibiotic resistance among important foodborne pathogens like escherichia coli o157:h7 has become an important issue with regard to food safety. in contrast to the case for salmonella, antibiotic resistance has been slow in its development in e. coli o157:h7 despite the presence of mobile antibiotic resistance genes in other e. coli organisms that inhabit the same animal host. we set out to determine if rumen fluid influences the transfer of plasmid-mediated, antibiotic resista ... | 2002 | 12092718 |
| wild animals as reservoirs of infectious diseases in the uk. | this review aims to illustrate the extent to which wildlife act as reservoirs of infectious agents that cause disease in domestic stock, pet and captive animals and humans. more than 40 agents are described. in the case of some of these, e.g. cryptosporidium spp., escherichia coli o157 and malignant catarrhal fever, the current evidence is that wildlife either does not act as a reservoir or is of limited importance. however, in the case of many important diseases, including bovine tuberculosis, ... | 2002 | 12093188 |
| structure-activity analysis of an antimicrobial peptide derived from bovine apolipoprotein a-ii. | we previously showed that bovine apolipoprotein a-ii (apoa-ii) has antimicrobial activity against escherichia coli in pbs, and its c-terminal residues 49-76 are responsible for the activity using synthetic peptides. in order to understand the structural requirements of peptide 49-76 for the antimicrobial activity, the n- or c-terminus was truncated and then the charged (lys or asp) or ser residues were replaced by ala. deletion of the first or last three amino acids and replacement of lys-54/55 ... | 2002 | 12097167 |
| development of an antibiotic resistance monitoring system in hungary. | because of the rapid development and spread of antimicrobial resistance it is important that a system be established to monitor antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic zoonotic and commensal bacteria of animal origin. susceptibility testing of bacteria from carcasses and different samples of animal origin has been carried out in veterinary institutes for a long time but by an inconsistent methodology. the disc diffusion method proposed by the national committee for clinical laboratory standards ( ... | 2002 | 12113174 |
| comparison between human and animal isolates of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli o157 from australia. | there is very little human disease associated with enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli o157 in australia even though these organisms are present in the animal population. a group of australian isolates of e. coli o157:h7 and o157:h- from human and animal sources were tested for the presence of virulence markers and compared by xbai dna macrorestriction analysis using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). each of 102 isolates tested contained the gene eae which encodes the e. coli attaching an ... | 2002 | 12113478 |
| prevalence of and resistance to anti-microbial drugs in selected microbial species isolated from bulk milk samples. | the prevalence of strains of staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative (cn) staphylococci, listeria monocytogenes, escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, e. faecium and bacillus cereus, was investigated in 111 bulk milk samples. staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 38 samples, cn staphylococci from 63 samples, e. coli from 49 samples, e. faecalis or e. faecium from 107 samples, and l. monocytogenes from two samples. bacillus cereus was not found in any of the samples and three samples were ... | 2002 | 12121041 |
| occurrence and characterization of resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins mediated by beta-lactamase cmy-2 in salmonella isolated from food-producing animals in canada. | resistance of salmonella to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (escs) is being reported with increasing frequency. in humans, infections with salmonella resistant to escs threaten the efficacy of ceftriaxone, the drug of choice for treating salmonellosis in children. to determine the occurrence of resistance to escs, we examined 8426 strains isolated from food-producing animals in canada in 1994-99 for reduced susceptibility or resistance to ceftriaxone. of the 8 such strains identified (7 from tu ... | 2002 | 12146884 |
| redox properties of the [2fe-2s] center in the 24 kda (nqo2) subunit of nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex i). | the redox properties of the [2fe-2s] cluster in the 24 kda subunit of bovine heart mitochondrial nadh:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex i) and three of its homologues have been defined using protein-film voltammetry. the clusters in all four examples display characteristic, ph-dependent redox transitions, which, unusually, can be masked by high ionic strength conditions. at low ionic strength (10 mm nacl) the reduction potential varies by approximately 100 mv between high and low ph limits (ph ... | 2002 | 12146970 |
| verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) other than serogroup o157 from scottish cattle. | 2002 | 12148605 | |
| simple parameterization of non-proteinogenic amino acids for qsar of antibacterial peptides. | the antibacterial activity of bovine lactoferricin-(17-31)-pentadecapeptide against escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus is sensitive to substitution of the trp residues, and synthetic peptides with phenylalanine and any of eight non-proteinogenic aromatic amino acids greatly affected antibiotic activity. using simple size-related descriptors for the new amino acids it is possible to develop quantitative structure-activity relationships (qsars) that can be used as tools in the search for m ... | 2002 | 12148779 |
| combined use of two genetic fingerprinting methods, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and ribotyping, for characterization of escherichia coli o157 isolates from food animals, retail meats, and cases of human disease. | two genetic fingerprinting techniques, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and ribotyping, were used to characterize 207 escherichia coli o157 isolates from food animals, foods of animal origin, and cases of human disease (206 of the isolates were from the united kingdom). in addition, 164 of these isolates were also phage typed. the isolates were divided into two general groups: (i) unrelated isolates not known to be epidemiologically linked (n = 154) and originating from food animals, food ... | 2002 | 12149334 |
| towards the development of selective amine oxidase inhibitors. mechanism-based inhibition of six copper containing amine oxidases. | four substrate analogs, 4-(2-naphthyloxy)-2-butyn-1-amine (1), 1,4-diamino-2-chloro-2-butene (2), 1,6-diamino-2,4-hexadiyne (3), and 2-chloro-5-phthalimidopentylamine (4) have been tested as inhibitors against mammalian, plant, bacterial, and fungal copper-containing amine oxidases: bovine plasma amine oxidase (bpao), equine plasma amine oxidase (epao), pea seedling amine oxidase (psao), arthrobacter globiformis amine oxidase (agao), escherichia coli amine oxidase (ecao), and pichia pastoris lys ... | 2002 | 12153561 |
| membrane reconstitution of recombinant guinea pig cytochrome p45017alpha and the effects of site-directed mutagenesis on androgen formation. | although cytochrome p45017alpha catalyzes the formation of androgen from both pregnenolone and progesterone, the production of androstenedione from progesterone is a major pathway in the guinea pig, rat, mouse, and hamster. in contrast, human, bovine and sheep p45017alpha produce dehydroepiandrosterone from pregnenolone. cytochrome p45017alphas from all of these animals have high homology in the amino acid sequence around the 340-370 region. to investigate the substrate preferences for androgen ... | 2002 | 12163137 |
| effect of salivary gland extracts from the tick, boophilus microplus, on leucocytes from brahman and hereford cattle. | the effect of salivary gland extract (sge) from boophilus microplus on peripheral blood lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes from brahman (bos indicus) and hereford (bos taurus) cattle was investigated. sge (8 micro g) significantly inhibited the proliferation response of lymphocytes to concanavalin a from both brahman and hereford cattle by 89% and 41%, respectively. the difference in inhibition between the two breeds was highly significant (p < 0.01), whilst at 1 micro g of sge, significant ... | 2002 | 12164821 |
| prevalence of verotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) in slurry, farmyard manure and sewage sludge in france. | the aims of the present study were to determine vtec prevalence in manure, slurry and sewage sludge in france and to characterize the vtec strains isolated (virulence genes and serotype). | 2002 | 12174046 |
| geographic variability of escherichia coli ribotypes from animals in idaho and georgia. | several genotypic methods have been developed for determining the host origin of fecal bacteria in contaminated waters. some of these methods rely on a host origin database to identify environmental isolates. it is not well understood to what degree these host origin isolates are geographically variable (i.e., cosmopolitan or endemic). this is important because a geographically limited host origin database may or may not be universally applicable. the objective of our study was to use one genoty ... | 2002 | 12175046 |
| cdna cloning, high-level expression, purification, and characterization of an avian cu,zn superoxide dismutase from peking duck. | as a special species of avian, peking duck is often used as a model for exploring effective factors against cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, and therefore investigations of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase are intriguing. by using 3(')-race with a gene-specific primer, a cdna encoding duck cu,zn sod was amplified from the total rna extracted from peking duck liver. three free cysteine residues are found in the deduced amino acid sequence of duck sod, among which cys153 at the c ... | 2002 | 12182817 |
| [evaluation of practical usefulness of selected phenotypic and genotypic markers for pathogenicity of enterotoxic and entero-hemorrhagic strains of e.coli. ]. | this study included a description of enterotoxic and verocytotoxic activity of thirty strains of e. coli and their ability to produce beta-haemolysis in a ram blood medium. enterotoxic and verocytoxic activity was determined by using rpla test. the synthesis of enterotoxin lt was observed in 10 strains and the production of e. coli shiga toxins type 1--stx1 (1 strain) or type 2 (2 strains) was observed in 3 strains of serotype o157: h7. the beta-haemolytic characteristics in vitro were demonstra ... | 2002 | 12185692 |
| photocatalytic oxidation of bacteria, bacterial and fungal spores, and model biofilm components to carbon dioxide on titanium dioxide-coated surfaces. | we report carbon mass balance and kinetic data for the total oxidation of cells, spores, and biomolecules deposited on illuminated titanium dioxide surfaces in contact with air. carbon dioxide formation by photocatalytic oxidation of methanol, glucose, escherichia coli, micrococcus luteus, bacillus subtilis (cells and spores), aspergillus niger spores, phosphatidylethanolamine, bovine serum albumin, and gum xanthan was determined as a function of time. the quantitative data provide mass balance ... | 2002 | 12188373 |
| an outbreak of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections among visitors to a dairy farm. | outbreaks of escherichia coli o157:h7 infections have involved direct transmission from animals and their environment to humans. we describe an outbreak among visitors to a pennsylvania dairy and petting farm that provides public access to animals. | 2002 | 12192014 |
| importance of glutamate 279 for the coenzyme binding of human glutamate dehydrogenase. | although the structure of glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) has been reported from various sources including mammalian gdh, there are conflicting views regarding the location and mechanism of actions of the coenzyme binding. we have expanded these speculations by photoaffinity labeling and cassette mutagenesis. photoaffinity labeling with a specific probe, [(32)p]nicotinamide 2-azidoadenosine dinucleotide, was used to identify the nad(+) binding site within human gdh encoded by the synthetic human g ... | 2002 | 12193607 |
| adenoviral-mediated transfer of a lysostaphin gene into the goat mammary gland. | as a step toward preventing and curing staphylococcus aureus mastitis, an adenoviral-mediated gene transfer technique was used to enable mammary cells to synthesize and secrete lysostaphin, an anti-staphylococcal protein. a lysostaphin gene, modified for eukaryotic expression of the bioactive variant, gln125,232-lysostaphin, was inserted into a replication deficient adenovirus by homologous recombination in 293 cells. the resulting adenoviral vector containing the modified lysostaphin gene (ad-l ... | 2002 | 12201521 |
| antimicrobial activity of short arginine- and tryptophan-rich peptides. | highly antimicrobial active arginine- and tryptophan-rich peptides were synthesized ranging in size from 11 to five amino acid residues in order to elucidate the main structural requirement for such short antimicrobial peptides. the amino acid sequences of the peptides were based on previous studies of longer bovine and murine lactoferricin derivatives. most of the peptides showed strong inhibitory action against the gram-negative bacteria escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the gra ... | 2002 | 12212806 |
| [antimicrobial, echinococcidial and immunostimulating properties of the drug cheblin-sk-1]. | the antimicrobial properties of the drug cheblin-ck-1 (cck-1) were determined in mice intraabdominally inoculated with proteus mirabilis-4691 in a dose of 140-200 million daily cultured microbial bodies. its comparison agent was ampicillin. cck-1 was found to act as an antibiotic similar to ampicillin in its effects. the antimicrobial activity of cck-1 against staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli isolated from the contents of echinococcal cysts from patients operated on was also establishe ... | 2002 | 12224264 |
| selection of recently isolated colicinogenic escherichia coli strains inhibitory to escherichia coli o157:h7. | escherichia coli strains were screened for their ability to inhibit e. coli o157:h7. an initial evaluation of 18 strains carrying previously characterized colicins determined that only colicin e7 inhibited all of the e. coli o157:h7 strains tested. a total of 540 strains that had recently been isolated from humans and nine different animal species (cats, cattle, chickens, deer, dogs, ducks, horses, pigs, and sheep) were tested by a flip-plating technique. approximately 38% of these strains were ... | 2002 | 12233846 |
| beta-lactamases in ampicillin-resistant escherichia coli isolates from foods, humans, and healthy animals. | tem-, shv-, and oxa-type beta-lactamases were studied by pcr with 124 ampicillin-resistant (amp(r)) escherichia coli isolates recovered from foods of animal origin (n = 20) and feces of humans (n = 49) and healthy animals (n = 55). pcr showed that 103 isolates were positive for tem and negative for shv and oxa. three e. coli isolates showed a positive reaction for oxa, and one showed a positive reaction for shv. the remaining 17 e. coli isolates were negative for the three enzymes by pcr. fifty- ... | 2002 | 12234838 |
| antimicrobial properties of milk: dependence on presence of xanthine oxidase and nitrite. | human and bovine milk inhibited the metabolic activity of escherichia coli, as shown by luminescence monitoring of constructs expressing the luxcdabe genes. inhibition was dependent on both xanthine oxidase (xo) activity and on the presence of nitrite, implying that xo-generated nitric oxide functions as an antibacterial agent. | 2002 | 12234868 |
| transgenic mice harboring murine luteinizing hormone receptor promoter/beta-galactosidase fusion genes: different structural and hormonal requirements of expression in the testis, ovary, and adrenal gland. | in vivo regulation of the lh receptor (lhr) promoter was studied using transgenic (tg) mice harboring fusion genes containing three different lengths of the lhr promoter (7.4 kb, 2.1 kb, and 173 bp), fused with coding sequence of the escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) reporter gene. the length of the lhr promoter significantly affected the pattern of beta-gal expression. in the testis the shortest promoter directed expression primarily of the full-length beta-gal mrna, but mainly tru ... | 2002 | 12239121 |
| flgm gains structure in living cells. | intrinsically disordered proteins such as flgm play important roles in biology, but little is known about their structure in cells. we use nmr to show that flgm gains structure inside living escherichia coli cells and under physiologically relevant conditions in vitro, i.e., in solutions containing high concentrations (>/=400 g/liter) of glucose, bsa, or ovalbumin. structure formation represents solute-induced changes in the equilibrium between the structured and disordered forms of flgm. the re ... | 2002 | 12271132 |
| prevalence and characterization of non-o157 shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli on carcasses in commercial beef cattle processing plants. | beef carcass sponge samples collected from july to august 1999 at four large processing plants in the united states were surveyed for the presence of non-o157 shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec). twenty-eight (93%) of 30 single-source lots surveyed included at least one sample containing non-o157 stec. of 334 carcasses sampled prior to evisceration, 180 (54%) were found to harbor non-o157 stec. non-o157 stec isolates were also recovered from 27 (8%) of 326 carcasses sampled after the a ... | 2002 | 12324330 |
| multiplex fluorogenic real-time pcr for detection and quantification of escherichia coli o157:h7 in dairy wastewater wetlands. | surface water and groundwater are continuously used as sources of drinking water in many metropolitan areas of the united states. the quality of water from these sources may be reduced due to increases in contaminants such as escherichia coli from urban and agricultural runoffs. in this study, a multiplex fluorogenic pcr assay was used to quantify e. coli o157:h7 in soil, manure, cow and calf feces, and dairy wastewater in an artificial wetland. primers and probes were designed to amplify and qu ... | 2002 | 12324331 |
| assurance enzyme immunoassay eight hour method for detection of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 in raw and cooked beef (modification of aoac official method 996.10): collaborative study. | aoac official method 996.10, assurance enzyme immunoassay (eia) for escherichia coli o157:h7 (ehec), was modified to incorporate a new enrichment protocol using biocontrol ehec8 medium for testing raw and cooked beef. foods were tested by eia and the u.s. department of agriculture/food safety and inspection service (usda/fsis) enrichment conditions and the fda bacteriological analytical manual (bam) isolation and confirmation techniques. a total of 14 collaborators participated. raw and cooked g ... | 2002 | 12374401 |
| growth of escherichia coli o157:h7 in raw ground beef stored at 10 degrees c and the influence of competitive bacterial flora, strain variation, and fat level. | pure-culture broth-based models of the growth of escherichia coli o157:h7 have been used to estimate its behavior in ground beef, even though these models have not been adequately validated for this food product. this situation limits accurate estimates of the behavior of e. coli o157:h7 in ground beef and introduces uncertainties in risk assessments. in the present study, the growth of single and multiple strains of e. coli o157:h7 were measured in retail ground beef stored at 10 degrees c for ... | 2002 | 12380736 |
| antibacterial activity of pepsin-digested lactoferrin on foodborne pathogens in buffered broth systems and ultra-high temperature milk with edta. | to evaluate the antimicrobial activity in peptone yeast extract glucose (pyg) broth and ultra-high temperature (uht) milk of bovine lactoferrin hydrolysate (lfh) with pepsin against the foodborne pathogens salmonella stanley, escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus. | 2002 | 12392532 |
| ca2+-myristoyl switch in the neuronal calcium sensor recoverin requires different functions of ca2+-binding sites. | recoverin is an ef-hand ca(2+)-binding protein that is suggested to control the activity of the g-protein-coupled receptor kinase grk-1 or rhodopsin kinase in a ca(2+)-dependent manner. it undergoes a ca(2+)-myristoyl switch when ca(2+) binds to ef-hand 2 and 3. we investigated the mechanism of this switch by the use of point mutations in ef-hand 2 (e85q) and 3 (e121q) that impair their ca(2+) binding. ef-hand 2 and 3 display different properties and serve different functions. binding of ca(2+) ... | 2002 | 12393897 |
| consequences of ehec colonisation in humans and cattle. | while many factors have been associated with human ehec infection, the full role these play in both human and ruminant hosts are not yet clear despite much investigation. it is hoped that the continued intense international research effort into ehec will provide further insights into the commensal versus pathogenic lifestyles of e. coli and lead to approaches to reduce ehec carriage in ruminants as well as prevent or treat human disease. | 2002 | 12398208 |
| mechanisms involved in milk endogenous proteolysis induced by a lipopolysaccharide experimental mastitis. | experimental mastitis has been induced by the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of escherichia coli on six dairy cows in order to study the mechanisms involved in milk endogenous proteolysis during the inflammatory process. variations in somatic cell count (scc), plasmin activity, and total casein (cn) content were measured, and proteose-peptone content and the percentage of ph 4.6 insoluble peptides including gamma-cn have been considered as indicators of endogenous proteolysis. furthermore, polymorphon ... | 2002 | 12416808 |
| influence of dry period bacterial intramammary infection on clinical mastitis in dairy cows. | milk samples were taken from 1920 quarters (480 cows, six herds) on four occasions to examine the relationship between quarter level intramammary infection (imi) during the dry period and clinical mastitis in the next lactation. all quarters were sampled at drying off and within 1 wk of calving, and two quarters from each cow were sampled both 0 to 7 and 8 to 14 d before calving. milk samples were collected from all cases of clinical mastitis during the following lactation. logistic regression m ... | 2002 | 12416812 |
| regulation of photoreceptor phosphodiesterase (pde6) by phosphorylation of its inhibitory gamma subunit re-evaluated. | phosphorylation of the inhibitory gamma subunit (pgamma) of rod cgmp phosphodiesterase (pde6) has been reported to turn off visual excitation without the requirement for inactivation of the photoreceptor g-protein transducin. we evaluated the significance of pgamma phosphorylation for pde6 regulation by preparing pgamma stoichiometrically phosphorylated at thr(22) or at thr(35). phosphorylation of pgamma at either residue caused a minor decrease--not the previously reported increase--in the abil ... | 2002 | 11741972 |
| interactive inhibition of meat spoilage and pathogenic bacteria by lysozyme, nisin and edta in the presence of nitrite and sodium chloride at 24 degrees c. | to develop a nisin- and lysozyme-based antimicrobial treatment for use with processed ham and bologna, in vitro experiments were conducted to determine whether inhibition enhancing interactions occur between the antimicrobials lysozyme, chrisin (a commercial nisin preparation), edta, nacl and nano(2). inhibitory interactions were observed between a number of agents when used against specific pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. the observed interactions included lysozyme with edta (enterococcus fae ... | 2003 | 12423927 |
| antimicrobial resistance and resistance gene determinants in clinical escherichia coli from different animal species in switzerland. | antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on a total of 581 clinical escherichia coli isolates from diarrhea and edema disease in pigs, from acute mastitis in dairy cattle, from urinary tract infections in dogs and cats, and from septicemia in laying hens collected in switzerland between 1999 and 2001. among the 16 antimicrobial agents tested, resistance was most frequent for sulfonamides, tetracycline, and streptomycin. isolates from swine presented significantly more resistance than t ... | 2003 | 12441233 |
| in vitro growth of mastitis-inducing escherichia coli in milk and milk fractions of dairy cows. | the outcome of e. coli mastitis in cows ranges from mild to severe in individual animals. this study explored the hypothesis that milk from individual cows differs in its growth medium properties for e. coli, and whether possible variation could be related to specific milk constituents. to mimic the early phase of intramammary e. coli infection, a low inoculum size and a short incubation period were used. cell-reduced, cell- and fat-free (skim) and cell- and fat-free and protein-reduced (whey) f ... | 2003 | 12458162 |
| sympathoadrenal and immune system activation during the periparturient period and their association with bovine coliform mastitis. a review. | increased incidence of clinical mastitis in high-yielding cows during early lactation has been attributed to a depressed functional capacity of the immune system. sympathoadrenal factors are known to play an important role in modulating the host susceptibility and resistance to infectious diseases. of primary importance in combating acute intramammary infections are polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn), as they represent one of the early lines of immunological defense. the release of stress hormon ... | 2003 | 12670012 |
| verotoxin-producing escherichia coli in spain: prevalence, serotypes, and virulence genes of o157:h7 and non-o157 vtec in ruminants, raw beef products, and humans. | in spain, as in many other countries, verotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) strains have been frequently isolated from cattle, sheep, and foods. vtec strains have caused seven outbreaks in spain (six caused by e. coli o157:h7 and one by e. coli o111:h- [nonmotile]) in recent years. an analysis of the serotypes indicated serological diversity. among the strains isolated from humans, serotypes o26:h11, o111:h-, and o157:h7 were found to be more prevalent. the most frequently detected serotyp ... | 2003 | 12671177 |
| [cloning and expression of a novel ubiquitin fusion gene uba256]. | spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (spltmnpv) uba256 gene is the only ub-gp37 fusion gene in the genome of insect viruses. with the specific primers designed for uba256 gene that was reported recently, the coding regions of uba256, n-terminal ubiquitin and c-terminal gp37 that lacking the signal sequence, were amplified from spltmnpv genomic dna by pcr. the uba256 coding region was expressed using the expression vector pbv220, and a band of 38 kd was detected with western blot analysis, indi ... | 2003 | 12673391 |
| presence and characterization of extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli virulence genes in f165-positive e. coli strains isolated from diseased calves and pigs. | the virulence genotype profile and presence of a pathogenicity island(s) (pai) were studied in 18 strains of f165-positive escherichia coli originally isolated from diseased calves or piglets. on the basis of their adhesion phenotypes and genotypes, these extraintestinal pathogenic strains were classified into three groups. the f165 fimbrial complex consists of at least two serologically and genetically distinct fimbriae: f165(1) and f165(2). f165(1) is encoded by the foo operon (pap-like), and ... | 2003 | 12682117 |
| vaccination strategies for reducing clinical severity of coliform mastitis. | brief history and extensive published field efficacy data of the two rough ("r") bacterial mutants utilized in commercial preparations of the core antigen bacterins escherichia coli o111:b4 (strain j5) and salmonella typhimurium re-17 are summarized. particular dosage schedules and routes of administration of coliform mastitis bacterins are compared for their associated ecacy. practical concerns in employing a coliform mastitis vaccination program are discussed. characteristics of farms using co ... | 2003 | 12682942 |
| evidence for a cd14- and serum-independent pathway in the induction of endotoxin-tolerance in human monocytes and thp-1 monocytic cells. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) stimulation of macrophages or monocytes is believed to occur via a serum- and cd14-dependent signaling pathway via toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4). we sought to determine whether serum and/or cd14 are required for lps to induce the endotoxin-tolerant state in human monocytes. lps treatments were performed in the presence or absence of an anti-cd14 monoclonal antibody and with or without fetal bovine serum. endotoxin tolerance was assessed after an 18-h exposure (pretreatment ... | 2003 | 12688542 |
| molecular cloning and heterologous expression in e. coli of cytochrome p45017alpha. comparison of structural and functional properties of substrate-specific cytochromes p450 from different species. | to elucidate the nature of substrate specificity and intrinsic mechanism of hydroxylation of steroids, in the present work we carried out molecular cloning and heterologous expression of cdna for three new forms of cytochrome p45017alpha from species of the bovidae family (sheep, goat, and bison), which catalyze 17alpha-hydroxylation of both progesterone (p4) or pregnenolone (p5) and 17,20-lyase reaction resulting in cleavage of side chain with formation of c(19)-steroids. recombinant cytochrome ... | 2003 | 12693981 |
| shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) isolated from healthy dairy cattle in southern brazil. | over a period of 1 year, the production of verotoxin was investigated in 1127 escherichia coli isolated from 243 dairy cattle from 60 small farms in southern brazil. vero cell assay was used to detect toxins in culture supernatants from e. coli isolated from bovine feces. shiga toxin-producing e. coli (stec) detection rates were 95% (57 of 60) for farms and 49% (119 of 243) for cattle. prevalence of stec-positive cattle in the farms ranged from 0 to 100%. ninety-six percent (315 of 327) of the s ... | 2003 | 12695042 |
| 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency is caused by mutations in the hadh2 gene. | 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-coa dehydrogenase (mhbd) deficiency is a novel inborn error of isoleucine degradation. in this article, we report the elucidation of the molecular basis of mhbd deficiency. to this end, we purified the enzyme from bovine liver. maldi-tof mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the purified protein was identical to bovine 3-hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase type ii. the human homolog of this bovine enzyme is a short-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase, also known as the " ... | 2003 | 12696021 |
| thermal inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7 in ground beef supplemented with sodium lactate. | a study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial effect of sodium lactate (nal) (0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5%) on the survival of escherichia coli o157:h7 in 93% lean ground beef. samples inoculated with a mixture of four strains of e. coli o157:h7 (10(7) to 10(8) cfu/g) were subjected to immersion heating in a water bath stabilized at 55, 57.5, 60, 62.5, or 65 degrees c. results of statistical analysis indicated that the heating temperature was the only factor affecting the decimal reduction tim ... | 2003 | 12696693 |
| forage feeding to reduce preharvest escherichia coli populations in cattle, a review. | although escherichia coli are commensal organisms that reside within the host gut, some pathogenic strains of e. coli can cause hemorrhagic colitis in humans. the most notable enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) strain is o157:h7. cattle are asymptomatic natural reservoirs of e. coli o157:h7, and it has been reported that as many as 30% of all cattle are carriers of this pathogen, and in some circumstances this can be as high as 80%. feedlot and high-producing dairy cattle are fed large grain ratio ... | 2003 | 12703622 |
| influence of agitation, inoculum density, ph, and strain on the growth parameters of escherichia coli o157:h7--relevance to risk assessment. | foods may differ in at least two key variables from broth culture systems typically used to measure growth kinetics of enteropathogens: initial population density of the pathogen and agitation of the culture. the present study used nine escherichia coli o157:h7 strains isolated from beef and associated with human illness. initial kinetic experiments with one e. coli o157:h7 strain in brain-heart infusion (bhi) broth at ph 5.5 were performed in a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial design, testing the effects of ... | 2003 | 12706036 |
| risk factors associated with faecal shedding of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli o157 in eight known-infected danish dairy herds. | a risk-factor study was performed in eight dairy herds found to excrete verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) o157 in a former prevalence study. associations between excretion of vtec o157 and management factors such as housing and feeding were analysed in a generalised linear mixed model. the animals were stratified in three age groups and sampled four times during 1 year. the risk of excreting vtec o157 was higher among weaned calves than non-weaned calves. among the calves aged 1-4 ... | 2003 | 12706052 |
| bayesian methods for estimating pathogen prevalence within groups of animals from faecal-pat sampling. | pathogens such as escherichia coli o157:h7 and campylobacter spp. have been implicated in outbreaks of food poisoning in the uk and elsewhere. domestic animals and wildlife are important reservoirs for both of these agents, and cross-contamination from faeces is believed to be responsible for many human outbreaks. appropriate parameterisation of quantitative microbial-risk models requires representative data at all levels of the food chain. our focus in this paper is on the early stages of the f ... | 2003 | 12706055 |
| pathogen survival in swine manure environments and transmission of human enteric illness--a review. | the influence of zoonotic pathogens in animal manure on human health and well-being as a direct or indirect cause of human enteric illness is examined. available international data are considered, but the study is focused on the developing situation in western canada, where it is certain there will be further rapid growth in livestock numbers, particularly hogs. major pathogens considered are escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, campylobacter, yersinia, cryptosporidium, and giardia. canada is n ... | 2003 | 12708660 |
| occurrence and characteristics of cs31a antigen-producing escherichia coli in calves with diarrhoea and septicaemia in argentina. | cs31a is a k88-related non-fimbrial adhesin first described on escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrhoeic and septicaemic calves. in this report, cs31a antigen was screened by immunological methods and confirmed by pcr among bovine e. coli isolates. in addition, cs31a-producing strains were characterized with respect to different fimbrial antigens, o-serogroup and other properties related to virulence. faecal or tissue specimens of 100 diarrhoeic or septicaemic calves and 27 older cattle ... | 2003 | 12710494 |
| hemolytic-uremic syndrome associated with enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o26:h infection and consumption of unpasteurized cow's milk. | enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o26 has emerged as a significant cause of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus). the source and the vehicle of contamination with ehec o26 are not often identified. we report two austrian cases of hus due to e. coli o26:h- affecting an 11-month-old boy and a 28-month-old girl in which transmission through unpasteurized cow's milk was positively identified. | 2003 | 12718809 |
| a new method for enzymatic preparation of isopentenyladenine-type and trans-zeatin-type cytokinins with radioisotope-labeling. | we describe a new enzymatic reaction method for the preparation of the radioisotope-labeled cytokinins isopentenyladenine (ip), trans-zeatin (tz), and their ribosides. the method is based on the three enzyme activities of an adenylate isopentenyltransferase (ipt; ec 2.5.1.27) from arabidopsis thaliana, an alkaline phosphatase (ec 3.1.3.1) from calf intestine, and a purine-nucleoside phosphorylase (ec 2.4.2.1) from escherichia coli. the a. thaliana ipt, atipt7, utilized both dimethylallyldiphosph ... | 2003 | 12728344 |
| factors influencing the shedding of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli o157 by beef suckler cows. | a study was designed to investigate management factors that might influence the shedding of verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) o157 by beef cows in scotland, where there is a particularly high rate of human infection. thirty-two herds were visited at least monthly over approximately 1 year for collection of fresh faecal pat samples and information on management factors. the faecal pat samples were tested for vtec o157 by established culture and immunomagnetic separation methods. que ... | 2003 | 12729199 |
| genetic characterization of escherichia coli populations from host sources of fecal pollution by using dna fingerprinting. | escherichia coli isolates were obtained from common host sources of fecal pollution and characterized by using repetitive extragenic palindromic (rep) pcr fingerprinting. the genetic relationship of strains within each host group was assessed as was the relationship of strains among different host groups. multiple isolates from a single host animal (gull, human, or dog) were found to be identical; however, in some of the animals, additional strains occurred at a lower frequency. rep pcr fingerpr ... | 2003 | 12732525 |
| origin of contamination and genetic diversity of escherichia coli in beef cattle. | the possible origin of beef contamination and genetic diversity of escherichia coli populations in beef cattle, on carcasses and ground beef, was examined by using random amplification of polymorphic dna (rapd) and pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) analysis of the flic gene. e. coli was recovered from the feces of 10 beef cattle during pasture grazing and feedlot finishing and from hides, carcasses, and ground beef after slaughter. the 1,403 e. coli isolates (855 fecal, 320 ... | 2003 | 12732550 |
| a mammalian cell regulatory agent, ceres-18, inhibits yeast cell proliferation but not bacterial replication. | a cell regulatory sialoglycopeptide, ceres-18, purified from intact bovine cerebral cortex cells, has exhibited the capability of reversibly inhibiting cellular dna synthesis and the proliferation of a wide array of mammalian cells. in the present study, the effect of ceres-18 on the proliferation of bacterial ( bacillus cereus and escherichia coli) and yeast ( saccharomyces cerevisiae and schizosaccharomyces pombe) cells was investigated. the results showed that replication and viability of the ... | 2003 | 12732963 |
| characterization and proteolytic origins of specific peptides appearing during lipopolysaccharide experimental mastitis. | based on the compositional change of the proteose peptone fraction, proteolysis was studied over time following lipopolysaccharide-induced experimental mastitis. electrophoresis of the proteose peptone fraction revealed many degradation products. five peptides were identified by amino-terminal sequencing as internal fragments of beta-, kappa-, alpha(s1)-, and alpha(s2)-casein that were generated by somatic cell proteases. although kappa-casein is considered particularly resistant to endogenous p ... | 2003 | 12741540 |
| role of dietary copper in enhancing resistance to escherichia coli mastitis. | the role of dietary copper in enhancing resistance to escherichia coli mastitis was investigated in first-lactation heifers. twenty-three primigravid holstein heifers were maintained on a basal (6.5 ppm copper; -cu) diet or a diet supplemented (20 ppm) with copper sulfate (+cu) beginning 60 d prepartum through 42 d of lactation. liver biopsies and blood samples were taken for liver and blood minerals and plasma ceruloplasmin. milk samples were taken weekly postpartum for bacteriology. the overal ... | 2003 | 12741549 |
| prevalence of escherichia coli o157:h7 and performance by beef feedlot cattle given lactobacillus direct-fed microbials. | fecal shedding of escherichia coli o157:h7, the prevalence of escherichia coli o157:h7 in pens and on carcasses and hides, and cattle performance as a result of daily dietary supplementation with lactobacillus-based direct-fed microbials (dfms) were evaluated in a feeding trial involving 180 beef steers. steers were evaluated for shedding of e. coli o157:h7 by an immunomagnetic separation technique on arrival at the feedlot, just before treatment with the dfms, and every 14 days thereafter until ... | 2003 | 12747680 |
| escherichia coil o157 diversity with respect to survival during drying on concrete. | shiga toxin (stx)-producing escherichia coli o157 isolates (n = 123) were divided into groups according to origin, genotype (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [pfge] type, or ribotype), type of stx produced, or phage type (pt). the survival rate ([number of cfu after 24 h of drying/number of cfu before drying] x 100) for each isolate was determined in triplicate after drying on concrete for 24.0 h. the overall mean survival rate among the 123 e. coli o157 isolates studied was 22.9%, but there was ... | 2003 | 12747685 |
| impact of ph enhancement on populations of salmonella, listeria monocytogenes, and escherichia coli o157:h7 in boneless lean beef trimmings. | boneless lean beef trimmings were inoculated with multiple strains of salmonellae, listeria monocytogenes, and escherichia coli o157:h7 at levels of ca. 6 log10 cfu/g. ph enhancement with ammonia gas was then used to increase the ph of the trimmings to ca. 9.6. the product was then frozen, chipped, and compressed into blocks. ph enhancement reduced the populations of salmonellae, l. monocytogenes, and e. coli o157:h7 by approximately 4, 3, and 1 log10 cycles, respectively. after the product had ... | 2003 | 12747699 |
| membrane topology of a metabotropic glutamate receptor. | the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mglurs) have been predicted to have a classical seven transmembrane domain structure similar to that seen for members of the g-protein-coupled receptor (gpcr) superfamily. however, the mglurs (and other members of the family c gpcrs) show no sequence homology to the rhodopsin-like gpcrs, for which this seven transmembrane domain structure has been experimentally confirmed. furthermore, several transmembrane domain prediction algorithms suggest that the mglur ... | 2003 | 12764131 |