Publications

intracytoplasmic neuronal inclusions in the hippocampus of non-rabid moose, alces alces (l.).		1983	6196493
failure to transmit sarcocystis species from ox, sheep, goats, moose, elk, and mule deer to raccoons.		1983	6408956
development of sarcocystis alceslatrans dubey, 1980, in the small intestine of dogs.	laboratory-reared dogs were fed moose musculature infected with sarcocystis alceslatrans. these dogs shed sporocysts [15.6 x 11.4 microns (14.4 to 15.8 x 10.8 to 11.5)] 11 to 15 days after inoculation. the prepatent period was 10 to 14 days. two cats and 1 coyote that also ate infected moose musculature did not pass sporocysts. histologic examination of intestinal tissue from experimentally infected dogs revealed microgamonts, macrogametes, and oocysts. all stages were present in the lamina prop ...	1983	6416114
diet shifts in moose due to predator avoidance.	on isle royale, michigan, moose cows which have calves show a different distribution and diet from solitary adults and yearling moose. solitary adults and yearlings follow a feeding pattern predicted from the location of high nutrient plant growth. in the presence of wolves, they feed on the ridges of the main island, where they take advantage of plants that leaf early; only later in the season do they move to the small outlying islands where plant phenology is delayed by the cold water of lake ...	1983	28310485
abdominal hernia in a moose from alaska.		1983	6842739
body condition and population regulation by food resources in moose.	in southwestern québec, non-harvested moose populations stabilize at a density of ≈0.40 animal·km(-2). in an attempt to test population regulation by food resources, we investigated moose body condition near this equilibrium density (0.37) and at 2 lower densities (0.22 and 0.17). annual population growth rates were evaluated at 4, 18, and 24% respectively. we predicted that moose in the high density area would exhibit growth retardation and poorer body condition, compared to moose in the lower ...	1984	28312108
wolves, moose, and the allometry of population cycles.	after a decade of dramatic population fluctuations, protected populations of wolves and moose in isle royale national park in lake superior returned in 1983 to the levels observed in the 1950's. inherent lags in this predator-prey system and the strong recovery of the moose population following a wolf population crash suggest that these populations may continue to cycle with a period length of about 38 (95 percent confidence interval, +/-13) years. such a long-term cycle is consistent with the p ...	1984	17837195
serologic studies on brucellosis, leptospirosis and tularemia in moose (alces alces) in quebec.	blood samples were obtained from 208 moose in la vérendrye and matane reserves and in laurentides park, quebec, canada. sera were tested for antibodies to brucella abortus, leptospira interrogans serovar ballum, canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohaemorrhagiae and pomona, and francisella tularensis. fifteen sera contained evidence of prior exposure to f. tularensis. only one animal was a seroreactor to l. interrogans serovar grippotyphosa and none of them had antibodies to b. abortus.	1984	6429355
stercorarian trypanosomes from deer (cervidae) in germany.	twenty of 35 roe deer (capreolus capreolus), eight of 12 red deer (cervus elaphus), and nine of 21 fallow deer (cervus dama) but none of four moose (alces alces) examined from april to november 1983 were infected with trypanosomes. morphometric data of the bloodstream trypomastigotes from the three deer species differed significantly. this appears to be the first report of stercorarian trypanosomes from cervidae in the old world and the first description of representatives of the subgenus megatr ...	1984	6512728
levels of trace elements in liver from norwegian moose, reindeer and red deer in relation to atmospheric deposition.		1984	6524572
malignant catarrhal fever in a shira's moose (alces alces shirasi nelson).		1984	6541712
baseline body temperatures, heart rates, and respiratory rates of moose in alaska.	baseline body temperatures (bt), heart rates (hr) and respiratory rates (rr) were obtained from alaskan moose (alces alces gigas miller) at the moose research center (mrc), alaska. excitability, seasons and drugs influenced the values to varying degrees. excitability was the most influential factor. safe expected ranges were: bt 38.4 to 38.9 c, hr 70 to 91 beats/min (b/min), and rr 13 to 40 respirations/min (r/min). these ranges incorporated all seasons, a central nervous system depressant drug ...	1984	6530720
moose and snowshoe hare competition and a mechanistic explanation from foraging theory.	moose (alces alces) and snowshoe hare (lepus americanus) appear to compete with each other. this was determined using the "natural experiments" of populations found in sympatry and allopatry on islands at isle royale national park, michigan, and manipulated exclosures. the population densities from these areas are fit to a series of competition models based upon different competitive mechanisms (schoener 1974a), using non-linear regression techniques. a model of competition for food where the fo ...	1984	28309404
use of yohimbine and 4-aminopyridine to antagonize xylazine-induced immobilization in north american cervidae.	four captive moose (alces alces), 4 mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), and 5 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) were immobilized with xylazine (0.63 to 1.29 mg/kg of body weight, im). mean induction times for the moose were 17 minutes and for the deer, 14 and 10 minutes, respectively. according to published data and past experience, the dosage of xylazine used would be expected to provide 115, 120, and 100 minutes of immobilization in captive moose, mule deer, and white-tailed deer, respec ...	1985	2867079
cutaneous fibromas of moose (alces alces).		1985	2987549
carfentanil and xylazine for immobilization of moose (alces alces) on isle royale.	twenty-one moose were captured on isle royale between 28 may and 2 june 1984 at licks on the western end of the island. the animals were darted, at ranges of 10 to 35 m, with 3-cc dart syringes containing 3 or 4 mg of carfentanil and 100 or 175 mg of xylazine. three animals were drugged with carfentanil alone. immobilization time ranged from 2.5 to 6 min. there was no excitement phase evident in 18 of the animals and they rarely moved more than 30 m after darting. reversal was begun at 30 to 90 ...	1985	3981744
spontaneous aortic lesions in moose (alces alces l).		1985	3836572
the role of wild north american ungulates in the epidemiology of bovine brucellosis: a review.	published reports of brucella abortus infections in wild north american ungulates and domestic cattle herds were reviewed to determine if infection in these species was related. bison (bison bison) were frequently found infected, but are probably a minor threat to livestock due to their current limited distribution. most elk (cervus elaphus) were free of infection except where their range was shared with infected bison or livestock. deer (odocoileus spp.), pronghorns (antilocapra americana), moo ...	1985	3908724
ultrastructure of the cysts of sarcocystis grueneri from cardiac muscle of reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus).	cysts of sarcocystis grueneri from cardiac muscle of reindeer (rangifer tarandus) in norway were examined by transmission electron microscopy. the limiting unit membrane of the cyst proper formed regularly spaced invaginations into the cyst at numerous sites coinciding with interruptions in the underlying osmiophilic layer. the primary cyst wall formed numerous strip-like, sinuous protrusions, which were 30-40 nm thick, 150-300 nm wide and up to 4.5 microns long, and were running in parallel wit ...	1985	3922150
factors affecting transmission of larval winter ticks, dermacentor albipictus (packard), to moose, alces alces l., in alberta, canada.	the larval stage of the winter tick, dermacentor albipictus, was studied under field conditions in central alberta, canada. larvae ascended vegetation in autumn, possibly in response to photoperiod. numbers found by flagging increased from early september to early october and decreased gradually to zero by december. larvae clumped on the tips of vegetation approximately 1-1.5 m off the ground, and did not exhibit a diurnal, vertical migration. activity was temperature dependent and no obvious pr ...	1985	4032625
[ethmoid tumors in moose and roe deer].	ethmoid tumors are expansively-infiltratively growing tumors of carcinomatous or sarcomatous nature, deriving from the mucous membrane of the ethmoid bone. in sweden, such tumors were found in 35 elks (alces a. alces) and 4 roe deer (capreolus capreolus) during the years 1947-1982, that means a frequency of about 1 and 0.1 per cent, respectively of the investigation material. however, in the free living elk and roe deer population, the frequency might be much lower. the tumors were malign, exten ...	1985	2993995
pet therapy: initiating a program.	this paper provides the outline of a pet therapy program on the long term unit at the providence hospital, moose jaw, saskatchewan, which was initiated as a pilot program and is now part of regular occupational therapy programming. this paper covers the occupational therapy objectives, setting, procedure and criteria for patient involvement in pet therapy, and detail is given to aid other departments thinking of initiating their own program. the literature review briefly looks at the occupationa ...	1985	10271292
fascioloides magna: occurrence in saskatchewan and distribution in canada.	infection with fascioloides magna, the large american liver fluke, was diagnosed in two moose (alces alces) and six wapiti (cervus elaphus) from central saskatchewan. this is believed to be the first record of the parasite in the province. fecal samples collected from wild wapiti at five sites in the commercial forest zone in saskatchewan contained eggs believed to be those of f. magna. trematode eggs were not found in feces from five captive herds of wapiti in the province, nor in samples from ...	1985	17422561
moose-wolf dynamics and the natural regulation of moose populations.	in southwestern québec, non-harvested moose populations stabilize at a density of ≃0.40 animal·km(-2). in an attempt to test whether or not moose were regulated by predators, we investigated wolf predation near this equilibrium density (0.37) and at 2 lower densities (≃0.23, 0.17). scat analysis in summer and feeding observations in winter indicated a greater use of alternative food resources by wolves at lower moose densities. each wolf pack killed on average 5.3, 1.8, 1.1 moose·100 days in the ...	1985	28311857
motorcycle fatalities in sweden.	an analysis has been made of 129 motorcycle fatalities, 119 men and 10 women, who were killed in 125 accidents during 1979-1981. sixty-seven of the 125 drivers were teenagers. twenty-seven drivers had no licence. ninety-nine riders were killed on sections of roads with a speed limit of 70 km/h or less. more than half of the decreased died in collisions with other vehicles. eight lost their lives in accidents where an animal, in seven cases a moose, was involved, and six people died in wobbling a ...	1985	4090883
collisions with passenger cars and moose, sweden.	the number of collisions between motor vehicles and moose is increasing in many countries. collisions with large, high animals such as moose cause typical rear- and downward deformation of the windshield pillars and front roof, most pronounced for small passenger cars; the injury risk increases with the deformation of the car. a strengthening of the windshield pillars and front roof and the use of antilacerative windshields would reduce the injury risk to car occupants.	1986	3953927
nervous tissue lesions caused by elaphostrongylosis in wild swedish moose.		1986	3565195
[sarcocystis alceslatrans (apicomplexa) from a palaearctic elk (ruminantia)].	sarcocysts from a palaearctic moose have been studied for the first time by light and electron microscopy. because of coincidences in morphology of the cysts, especially of the cyst wall structure and the cystozoides, with the north american species sarcocystis alceslatrans dubey, 1980, they are assigned to this species.	1986	3096168
antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in moose (alces alces l.) from alaska.		1986	3735595
belovsky's model of optimal moose size.	belovsky's (1978) model for optimal size in moose is applied to red deer. criticisms are levelled at belovsky's model. in particular, the equation he derives relating net energy intake to body weight is shown to be fundamentally invalid. modifications are suggested using existing published information and an analysis of previously unpublished data on red deer stomach size as a function of body weight. i conclude that quantitative predictions of optimal body size are likely to be very difficult a ...	1986	3796013
in search of biomonitors for cadmium: cadmium content of wild swedish fauna during 1973-1976.	forty-five species of birds and 22 species of mammals of the terrestrial and aquatic fauna, herbivores as well as carnivores, were investigated during the period 1973-1976 for cadmium-accumulating properties in order to find biomonitors for cadmium in the swedish environment. the herbivores of the terrestrial fauna, birds as well as mammals, are preferred to carnivores, since they demonstrate generally higher renal cd levels. the moose (alces alces), roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and hare (lepu ...	1986	3810147
[a new onchocercal parasite, onchocerca alcis n. sp., parasite of the moose alces alces in sweden].	among the onchocercids of cervids, onchocerca alcis n. sp., a parasite of the moose, alces alces, belongs to that small palearctic group of evolved onchocercids consisting of o. jakutensis, o. garmsi and o. tarsicola. it is distinguished from its most closely related species, o. jakutensis, primarily on the characters of the lateral chord and cuticle, its greater spicule ratio, and the characteristic shapes of the anterior and posterior extremities of female worms.	1986	3813426
dot-elisa for the rapid serodiagnosis of human hydatid disease.	we studied the serodiagnosis of human hydatid disease using the dot-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-elisa) and the indirect hemagglutination assay (iha). hydatid cyst fluid antigens from sheep were highly reactive against a battery of positive human sera. moose-derived antigen was less reactive, whereas human- and camel-derived antigens showed nonspecific false-positive reactions. sensitivity of the dot-elisa was 96% using sheep-derived antigen and 45 human sera from 43 surgically proven ...	1986	3816047
prevalence of neutralizing antibody to jamestown canyon virus (california group) in populations of elk and moose in northern michigan and ontario, canada.	blood samples were collected from free-ranging elk (cervus elaphus) harvested in michigan's northern lower peninsula, from moose (alces alces) relocated from ontario's algonquin provincial park to michigan's upper peninsula, and from moose from michigan's isle royale national park. sera were tested by serum dilution neutralization tests in vero cell culture for neutralizing antibody to california serogroup viruses, in particular jamestown canyon (jc), la crosse/snowshoe hare (lac/ssh), and trivi ...	1986	3503129
tick (dermacentor albipictus)-induced winter hair-loss in captive moose (alces alces).	five captive moose calves each infested with 42,000 larval dermacentor albipictus, six calves each infested with 19,000-21,000, and five control moose were observed for changes in hair-loss, body condition and number, stages, and distribution of the tick. winter hair-loss was observed only in moose infested with ticks and was correlated positively with the total number of adult ticks. hair-loss associated with ticks was minimal from october to january, but rapidly increased from february to apri ...	1986	3503137
the prevalence of elaphostrongylus cervi infection in moose (alces alces) in southern norway.		1986	3565201
mineral licks as a sodium source for isle royale moose.	natural mineral licks and their use by moose (alces alces) on isle royale national park, michigan, were studied during 1982-85. the distribution of known licks suggested that they occurred in association with glacial debris, primarily in the western portions of the island. moose utilized mineral springs extensively during the spring-summer period, and at least 5 licks were used year-round. during summer, a pronounced diel pattern of moose visitation was apparent, with peak use occurring between ...	1986	28312093
serologic studies of select infectious diseases of moose (alces alces l.) from alaska.		1986	3735591
the "placebo" effect of psychotherapy: a moose in the rabbit stew.	the placebo concept, essential for pharmacology, is inappropriate for psychotherapy. "common," "nonspecific," or "relationship" factors have not been satisfactorily differentiated from "specific," "intended," or "characteristic" factors in psychotherapy. this paper analyzes the placebo from historic, heuristic, semantic, and theoretical standpoints with reference to its misuse regarding psychotherapy.	1987	3578608
echinococcus granulosus (cestoda: taeniidae) infections in moose (alces alces) from southwestern quebec.	investigation of the distribution of larval echinococcus granulosus in a moose population from southwestern quebec revealed a distinct and stable pattern of infection with a prevalence of 44% (n = 580). positive correlations between moose age and the intensity, mean cyst weight and biomass of the hydatid cysts suggested a process of continued parasite acquisition and cyst growth. the distribution of cyst sizes within individual moose provided circumstantial evidence of interaction between cysts, ...	1987	3625899
parelaphostrongylus tenuis in new brunswick: the parasite in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) and moose (alces alces).	research was initiated in 1983 to investigate the ecology of parelaphostrongylus tenuis in new brunswick. the objectives were to determine the prevalence and intensity of infection in white-tailed deer, and to determine whether or not moose feces contained first stage larvae, signifying the completion of the life cycle of p. tenuis in this host. forty-nine percent of deer pellet samples were positive and 60% of deer heads contained adults of p. tenuis. none of the moose pellet samples contained ...	1987	3682097
pattern of cadmium contamination in the liver and kidneys of moose and white-tailed deer in québec.	samples of moose (n = 431) and white-tailed deer (n = 225) liver and kidneys were collected during the 1985 hunting season from 14 zones south of the 50 degree latitude in québec. regional differences in cadmium level in the liver were detected and three homogeneous areas were delineated for each species. uptake was greater for moose than for deer: in the liver, mean concentrations were 2.9-15.9 mg kg-1 (dry weight) for moose and 0.8-2.6 for deer, depending on the area and sex; in kidneys, means ...	1987	3685957
a review of wildlife diseases from scandinavia.	the epidemiological and historical aspects of some important and representative wildlife diseases from scandinavia are discussed. in noninfectious diseases, examples include cataract in moose (alces alces), atherosclerosis in hybrid hares (lepus timidus x l. europaeus), and ethmoid tumors in moose. the epizootiological and historical aspects of the recent epizootics of myxomatosis in european rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) and rabies and sarcoptic mange in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) are reviewed ...	1987	3316719
elaphostrongylus cervi infection in moose (alces alces). prevalence and pathological changes in relation to age and season.		1987	3447471
experimental elaphostrongylus cervi infection in moose (alces alces).		1987	3447472
intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies associated with vesicular, ulcerative and necrotizing lesions of the digestive mucosa of a roedeer (capreolus capreolus l.) and a moose (alces alces l.).		1987	2833849
accidental firearm fatalities during hunting.	swedish legislation concerning firearms is highly restrictive. it is illegal to possess weapons (except airguns) without a license. from 1970 through 1982, there were 79 accidental firearm fatalities in sweden. this number, corresponding to 0.074/100,000/year, is very low in comparison with similar statistics worldwide. of these fatalities, 47 were associated with hunting and were studied carefully. despite an increase in both the popularity of hunting and in licensing of weapons, on change in t ...	1987	3605004
cadmium levels in ontario moose and deer in relation to soil sensitivity to acid precipitation.	this study examines the influence of buffering capacity of the soil on the levels of cadmium in the kidney, liver and muscle of moose and white-tailed deer from nine sampling sites (four buffered and five non-buffered) in ontario, canada. tissues collected from hunter-killed moose and deer during 1984 and 1985 were analysed for cadmium. tissue from moose in the non-buffered algonquin park site (21.9 +/- 1.1 mg/kg wet weight) and the buffered st. joseph island site (12.7 +/- 3.2 mg kg-1) had the ...	1988	3381081
[comparative characteristics of basic lipids and fatty acids in moose and cow's milk].	the results of the study of basic lipid fractions and fatty acids in the moose and cow milk have evidenced similarity of lipid components of these two kinds of milk. at the same time each fraction of neutral lipids and phospholipids in moose and cow milk studied has its own specificity. the composition of most phospholipid fractions in moose milk is more enriched than that of the corresponding fractions in cow milk, with respect to a number of parameters of fatty acids, in particular, essential ...	1988	3363915
parasites of moose (alces alces) from an agricultural area of eastern ontario.	viscera of 16 moose and hide samples of 24 moose (alces alces) shot in eastern ontario in 1985 were examined for parasites. two species of trematodes, one species of cestode, five species of nematodes and one species of tick were recovered. one nematode species, trichuris discolor, is reported for the first time from moose. our results suggest that the parasite fauna of the moose may have been influenced by the absence or scarcity of other species of wild cervids or carnivores and by the presenc ...	1988	3373648
growth and development of winter tick, dermacentor albipictus, on moose, alces alces.	moose, alces alces, were infested with 21,000 or 42,000 larval dermacentor albipictus at the end of september. larvae grew rapidly and molted to the nymphal stage 10-22 days after infestation. the nymphal stage lasted approximately 3 mo until mid-january and was characterized by a diapause. the diapause is likely an adaptation to survival in cold climates. nymphs started engorging in january and adults were seen with increasing abundance from mid-january to march and april. the minimum parasitic ...	1988	3397828
cephenemyia ulrichii brauer 1862, in swedish moose.		1988	3223477
the chernobyl accident. transport of radionuclides to man living in northern sweden.	the pathways of 131i, 134cs and 137cs from the chernobyl fallout to man were followed in the county of västerbotten, sweden. reported airplane measurements had shown that the ground deposition of 137cs was 3-40 kbq/m2 with hot spots with more than 80 kbq/m2. multiplying with a factor of 0.6 gave the 134cs deposition and an approximate factor of 20 the 131i ground deposition. the effective dose equivalent from 131i became low, less than 0.1 msv, as the cows were stabled. the 137cs activity concen ...	1988	3233171
copper and cadmium binding proteins from liver and kidney of moose and reindeer.		1988	3272601
increased osteoarthritis in moose from isle royale.	over the past 30 yr, moose (alces alces) in isle royale national park (michigan, usa) exhibited a several-fold increase in the prevalence of osteoarthritis, or degenerative joint disease (djd). available evidence points to an environmental explanation for this change. greater physical activity among afflicted moose is not a likely contributing factor, nor is genetic change in the population. the possible introduction of an unspecified disease agent cannot be dismissed at this time. moose exhibit ...	1988	3411702
caribou, wolves and man.	the migratory tundra caribou/reindeer in the holarctic now number three million and are increasing, approaching estimated pristine quantities in north america. in contrast, the sedentary forest races south of the tree-line number about 325 000 animals, and are declining in some areas in both eurasia and north america. the chief natural mortality factor determining the survival of neonates and adults is predation; the wolf is the major predator. recruitment and natural adult mortality are approxi ...	1988	21227095
factors influencing choice of balsam fir twigs from thinned and unthinned stands by moose.	moose were observed to browse preferentially on balsam fir (abies balsamea) trees in stands where the stem density had been mechanically reduced to about 2000 stems/ha from over 30,000 stems/ha. twigs from trees in thinned and unthinned stands were analyzed to test the hypotheses that moose were choosing thinned stands to maximize intake of a nutrient, or avoiding plant secondary compounds deliterious to digestion. analyses included: twig length, weight, diameter, acid detergent fiber, neutral d ...	1989	28312645
evaluation of xylazine hydrochloride as the sole immobilizing agent in moose and caribou--and its subsequent reversal with idazoxan.	xylazine hydrochloride was used as the sole immobilizing agent in moose and caribou. the animals were free-ranging and immobilization was accomplished from a helicopter using powered darts. following a period of immobilization during which radiotelemetry collars were fitted, the animals were revived using idazoxan (rx 781094) or its methoxy analogue rx 821002. xylazine was administered at dose rates of approximately 3.0 mg/kg and 5.0 mg/kg to the moose and caribou, respectively. moose received 4 ...	1989	2563404
[harboring of helminth parasites by the european bison (bison bonasus l.) and deer (cervidae) in the białowieza forest].	parasitological autopsy of 31 european bison , 9 red-deer and 3 roe-deer was made in białowieza forest in the period 1983-1988. together 20 species of nematodes were found, from them as much as 18 in bison , 6 in red-deer and 8 in roe-deer . the highest intensity and 100% of extensity was shown by nematodes from subfamily ostertagiinae. four species of this subfamily (o. leptospicularis, o. kolchida, s. boehmi i s. mathevossiani) have been permanently adapted by bison from cervids, however two s ...	1989	2633504
instar development and disengagement rate of engorged female winter ticks, dermacentor albipictus (acari:ixodidae), following single- and trickle-exposure of moose (alces alces).	seven hand-reared moose (alces alces) calves and one yearling were infested with 30,000 larvae each of the winter tick. dermacentor albipictus, either by single- or trickle-exposure (1000/day). they were examined weekly for instar changes from september/october until late may. by 2 and 3 weeks post-exposure, most larvae on single- and trickle-infested moose, respectively, had fed and molted to nymphs. thereafter, tick development was similar between both infestation techniques. nymphs dominated ...	1989	2714120
effect of dermacentor albipictus (acari:ixodidae) on blood composition, weight gain and hair coat of moose, alces alces.	the physiological effects of the winter tick, dermacentor albipictus, on moose, alces alces, were investigated. blood composition, weight gain, food intake and change in the hair coat of moose calves, four infested with d. albipictus larvae, and eight uninfested, were monitored. infested moose groomed extensively, apparently in response to feeding nymphal and adult ticks, and developed alopecia. other clinical signs included: chronic weight loss, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypophosphatemia, and tr ...	1989	2714121
species of the genus elaphostrongylus parasite of swedish cervidae. a description of e. alces n. sp.	a description of elaphostrongylus alces n. sp., a parasite of moose (alces alces l.), is given. the main features differing e. alces n. sp. from the other two investigated species are the bottle shaped oesophagus and the oval bursa, which is about 150 microns x 200 microns. e. rangiferi mitskevith, 1960, a parasite of reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.) and e. cervi cameron, 1931, a parasite of red deer (cervus elaphus l.) have both a club shaped or cylindrical oesophagus and a circular bur ...	1989	2735702
locations of moose in northwestern canada with hair loss probably caused by the winter tick, dermacentor albipictus (acari: ixodidae).	five hundred two trappers representing 389 registered traplines in northern alberta, northern british columbia, northwest territories and yukon territory (canada) responded to a questionnaire on the occurrence of hair loss and the winter tick (dermacentor albipictus) on moose (alces alces). results suggested that winter ticks may occur as far as 62 degrees n. several sightings of moose with presumed tick-induced hair loss near kluane lake, yukon territory, suggest the possibility of introduction ...	1989	2761020
fatalities caused by nonvenomous animals: a ten-year summary from sweden.	all 58 deaths caused by nonvenomous animals in sweden 1975-1984 were scrutinized. in 38 cases horses were involved, in 16 cattle and in one case each a moose, a lion, a dog and a ram. in the horse-related fatalities, the most common cause of accident was that the horse bolted or reared, causing the rider to fall off the horse or the cart or sulky. falls were thus associated with 22 horse-related deaths. in cattle-related accidents, all fatalities where the cause of accident was known occurred du ...	1989	2765081
evaluation of random sampling for estimating density of winter ticks (dermacentor albipictus) on moose (alces alces) hides.	densities of winter ticks (dermacentor albipictus) were determined on each of 20 moose (alces alces) half-hides by dissolving 100 cm2 quadrats in potassium hydroxide solution. data were then used to determine the optimum sampling fraction for estimating tick densities. random sampling was applied to 20 additional half-hides of known tick density to assess the accuracy of the estimates. we conclude that random sampling of 15% of the quadrats produces a good estimate of tick density. total numbers ...	1989	2807724
radiocaesium from chernobyl in swedish moose.	the (137)cs activity concentrations of muscle samples taken from moose collected from the central part of sweden were determined. pre-chernobyl samples had a mean (137)cs activity concentration of 23 bq kg(-1). samples collected during the hunting season (mainly october) had, on average, 760 bq kg(-1) in 1986 and 664 bq kg(-1) in 1987. no significant differences between various muscles (neck, thigh and leg) could be seen. the correlation between ground deposition of (137)cs and activity concentr ...	1989	15092364
[long-term results of ludloff's repositioning method].	authors have evaluated results of the surgical treatment of congenital dysplasia of the hip joint performed at i orthopaedic clinic in prague in the years 1970-1985. in the course of this period open reduction according to ludloff was performed in seventy children out of which eight times bilaterally. fifty-six out of the total number of seventy children same for the follow-up check. the age of the children operated on ranged between five and 23 months; in six cases the operation was performed o ...	1990	2220231
cesium-137 in moose diet; considerations on intake and accumulation.	an attempt was made to estimate the daily intake of 137cs by moose during different months and seasons, and to compare this result with the 137cs activity concentration in moose muscles. plants representative of moose diet in central sweden showed a high 137cs activity concentration compared with plants from agricultural systems, and there appears to be very slow reduction of 137cs activity concentration in these forest plants. it seems that the daily intake of 137cs was low during the summer, b ...	1990	2321001
moose teeth as monitors of environmental isotopic parameters.	the radiocarbon activities of amino acids isolated from crown first molar dentin of moose born between 1948 and 1984 on isle royale national park, usa closely follows the bomb radiocarbon signal generated from atmospheric nuclear weapons testing. this demonstrates that these amino acids are metabolically inert and have recorded the isotopic parameters of the environment during the first year or two of the animal's life. the moose teeth amino acids provide both carbon and nitrogen isotopic chrono ...	1990	28313144
attempts to transfer elaphostrongylus alces from moose (alces alces) to sheep and goats.	six 1 year old female and 6 four months old male goats were inoculated different numbers of e. alces third-stage larvae. protostrongylid larvae were not detected in the faeces of these animals during the experiment. at the end of the experimental period the animals were euthanized and autopsied. neither parasites nor pathological lesions related to larval or adult stages of e. alces could be demonstrated.	1990	2099618
survey of hepatic and pulmonary helminths of wild cervids in alberta, canada.	during the 1988 hunting season, livers and lungs from 263 mule deer (odocoileus hemionus hemionus), 198 moose (alces alces), 147 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), and 94 wapiti (cervus elaphus nelsoni) from alberta (canada) were collected for parasitological examination. most of the samples (89%) were submitted by big game hunters throughout the province. giant liver fluke (fascioloides magna) was found in 9% of 22 yearling and 29% of 65 adult wapiti; 4% of 161 adult moose; and 2% of 9 ...	1990	2250321
prevalence of antibody to toxoplasma gondii in the moose (alces alces americana clinton) of nova scotia, canada.	the prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii was investigated in the sera of 125 moose taken by hunters in 5 countries of nova scotia. nineteen of these sera (15%) were positive by the indirect passive hemagglutination test, with titers above 1:64. this study adds further evidence to the prevalence of antibodies to t. gondii in the wildlife, extending this evidence to eastern canada. the possibility that humans may acquire toxoplasmosis by ingesting undercooked infected meat from game anima ...	1990	2299521
our medical man in moose lake. interview by richard l. reece.		1990	2300038
comparative studies on megatrypanum trypanosomes from cervids.	trypanosomes were isolated by culture from 2 out of 50 blood samples collected from reindeer (rangifer tarandus l.) in northern sweden and from a blood sample from a moose (alces alces) from southern sweden. the parasites were indistinguishable morphologically from other trypanosomes reported from cervids, both as epimastigotes in axenic culture at 27 degrees c and as bloodstream-like trypomastigotes cultured on mammalian fibroblasts at 37 degrees c. surface carbohydrate and isoenzyme comparison ...	1990	2382100
bioenergetic consequences of alopecia induced by dermacentor albipictus (acari: ixodidae) on moose.	fasting metabolic rates, respiration rates, respiratory minute volumes, and fasted weights were measured on three yearling moose (alces alces (l.)) (artiodactyla: cervidae) infested with 50,000 winter ticks. dermacentor albipictus (packard) (acari: ixodidae), and on two uninfested controls. infestations produced no detectable effects on fasting metabolic rates or weight changes. the influence of tick-induced alopecia on lower critical temperatures could not be assessed because of warm temperatur ...	1990	2388241
the use of isoelectric focusing to identify rhinoceros keratins.	keratins represent the principal structural proteins of hair. they are also found in horn, nail, claw, hoof, and feather. hair and nail samples from human and canine sources and hair samples from mule deer, white tail deer, cat, moose, elk, antelope, caribou, raccoon, and goat were studied. parrot and goose feathers were also analyzed. keratins are polymorphic, and species differences are known to exist. proteinaceous extracts of deer and antelope antlers and bovine and rhinoceros horn were prep ...	1990	1691773
characterization of the heterochromatin in moose (alces alces) chromosomes.	the karyotype of moose (2n = 68) is characterized by very large c-bands close to the centromeres of most chromosomes. the c-banded material represents 40% of the genome. for further characterization of the heterochromatin chromosome spreads were treated with restriction endonucleases and the restriction enzyme (re) banding pattern was analyzed. haeiii, alui, mboi, rsai and hinfi produced informative re-bands. ddei induced an even digestion with no banding. staining with chromomycin a3 produced b ...	1990	2157629
structural variation in the nasal bone region of european moose (alces alces l.).	the ontogeny of typical (normal) nasal bone region of the european moose (alces alces l.) and the 3 variants of the pattern, was studied. the variants, named as "extra bone type", "punctured type" and "open type" referring the morphology of the internasal suture, were originally observed in finnish male and female moose skulls in 1971. all of the variants were later found in hunting trophy exhibitions presenting male moose trophies from sweden, norway, baltic republics of ussr and poland. the fr ...	1990	2099615
differences in urinary chemistry profiles of moose on isle royale during winter.	during winters 1987-1988 (i) and 1988-1989 (ii), we assessed the physiological status of moose (alces alces) residing on the west and east ends of isle royale (michigan, usa) by collecting and chemically analyzing urine deposited in snow (snow-urine) from january to early march. samples were assayed for urea nitrogen (u), sodium (na), potassium (k), calcium (ca), phosphorus (p) and creatinine (c). throughout both winters, elevated urinary u:c ratios in snow-urine samples collected from east-end ...	1991	1920659
a bovine viral diarrhoea/mucosal disease-like syndrome in moose (alces alces): investigations on the central nervous system.	a disease of unknown aetiology has been observed in moose. the animals showed signs of a bovine viral diarrhoea/mucosal disease-like syndrome, and central nervous disturbances. brains from adult female moose were investigated by means of histology, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, virology, and bacteriology. the results indicate that the nervous signs were not associated with a spongiform encephalopathy. the lesions suggest a viral aetiology, although all the virological investigations ...	1991	1801405
elaeophora schneideri in moose (alces alces) from colorado.	two adult moose (alces alces) from colorado (usa) were naturally infected with elaeophora schneideri. both animals had patent infections indicating that moose may serve as definitive hosts. gross and histological lesions were characterized by fibromuscular intimal proliferation within the carotid arteries and rete mirabile cerebri. this is the first report of elaeophora schneideri in moose from colorado.	1991	1829767
experimental brucella suis biovar 4 infection in a moose.	a moose (alces alces gigas) was inoculated with brucella suis biovar 4 to better understand the effects of brucellosis in this species. serum antibody titers increased rapidly and peaked within 21 to 56 days. fever, leukocytosis, recumbency, anorexia and depression were observed starting 42 days post inoculation. brucella suis biovar 4 was isolated from blood, lymph nodes, liver and spleen.	1991	1920668
injuries caused by animals.	injuries caused by animals and treated at the university hospital of umeå were analysed. dogs caused nearly one-half of the injuries, while horses caused one-third of the injuries and the highest number of fractures. the 'cost' of treatment and sickness benefit was fairly evenly distributed between horse-, cattle-, and dog-related injuries. the average 'cost' per injured person was, however, highest in those injured in cattle accidents and moose-car collisions. the impact of animal-related injur ...	1991	1937726
effects of r51163 on intake and metabolism in moose.	r51163, a newly synthesized purine alkyl piperidine that produces reliable sedation in cattle, was tested in five adult bull moose (alces alces). compared with controls, all animals dosed with 0.4 mg/kg bw ate significantly (p less than 0.05) less dry matter for at least 1 wk after treatment. median estimates of resting metabolism, measured the day of injection, did not differ between treatment and control groups, although the coefficient of variation was almost two times larger for drugged (15% ...	1991	2023310
public health response to an identified environmental toxin: managing risks to the james bay cree related to cadmium in caribou and moose.	at the request of cree political and health authorities and using indirect measures of exposure, we estimated the risk to the james bay cree of renal impairment related to the long-term consumption of the liver and kidney of moose and caribou contaminated by environmental cadmium. the low risk of disease was weighed against the possible detriment from activities to convince the crees to avoid a traditional albeit occasional component of their subsistence diet. our approach to the assessment and ...	1991	1672617
vehicle-moose accidents in newfoundland.	during 1987 and 1988, in newfoundland, there were 661 motor-vehicle accidents involving a moose; 133 people were injured and three died. this constitutes a major problem for the provincial health-care system. in 95 per cent of the patients who were involved in fifty-five primary collisions (the vehicle hit only the moose), the injury-severity score was less than 9 (mean and standard deviation, 3.2 +/- 4.6). there were thirty-six secondary collisions: in eighteen, the vehicle hit other objects af ...	1991	1748697
accidents in the north. some aspects on snowmobile accidents and moose-car collisions.	snowmobile accidents and moose-car crashes are typical accidents in northern sweden. in this region there is about 1 snowmobile/10 inhabitants. the present paper combines previously published studies. the studies on snowmobile accidents are based on a material comprising all 61 fatally injured snowmobile drivers from the four northern counties of sweden during the period 1973-1987. the helmet usage was analyzed in two clinical study populations including 200 injured from the county of västerbott ...	1992	1285819
(1s,2r,4s,5s)-angelicoidenol-2-o-β-d-glucopyranoside-a moose deterrent compound in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.).	hydrophilic extracts of scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) twigs have been investigated for palatability to moose in feeding experiments. the predominant repellent effect was observed from the 2-o-β-d-glucopyranoside of the monoterpene (1s,2r,4s,5s)-angelicoidenol. of other isolated and tested substances, only taxifolin-3'-o-β-d-glucopyranoside had a deterring effect. one fraction-containing mainly aliphatic compounds-also had a strong effect, but the effect was lost after further fractionation. t ...	1992	24254781
multivariate study of moose browsing in relation to phenol pattern in pine needles.	extracts of needles from scots pine,pinus sylvestris l., grown on fertile (a) or poor (b) soil, and from lodgepole pine,p. contorta doug. (c), have been analyzed with hplc and uv detection. by application of multivariate analysis, the phenol pattern was shown to vary between species and between habitats. within groups a and b, moose food choice was highly correlated to phenol pattern. concentrations of most of the analyzed compounds were internally correlated. information related to pine growth ...	1992	24253873
moose and birch: how to live on low-quality diets.	ten years ago, the question of forage use by moose largely focused on whether nutritive factors or secondary compounds determined their use of individual tree species. today, it is clear that both are important. research during the last few years has tried to explain the hierarchical decisions in the foraging patterns of moose.	1992	21235938
occurrence of a postpermanent mandibular fourth premolar in a moose bull (alces alces l.).	by a number of diagnostic criteria a supplemental premolar in the right hemimandible of a 6-yr-old moose bull from bielorussia was identified as a postpermanent fourth premolar. its development, which must have started at least 3 yr after the permanent fourth premolar had reached its functional position, resulted in rotation of the p4 by 80 degrees, as well as extensive resorption on both root and crown.	1992	1471958
wolf predation and snow cover as mortality factors in the ungulate community of the bialowieża national park, poland.	wolf-ungulate interactions were studied in the pristine deciduous and mixed forests of the bialowieża national park in 1985-1989. the study period included two severe and two mild winters. the community of ungulates inhabiting bialowieża national park consisted of red deer cervus elaphus, 55% of all ungulates; wild boar sus scrofa, 42%; and roe deer capreolus capreolus, moose alces alces, and european bison bison bonasus, about 1% each. the average size of red deer groups increased from 2.7 (sd ...	1992	28312267
moose herbivory, browse quality, and nutrient cycling in an alaskan treeline community.	moose (alces alces) browsing on diamondleaf willow (salix planifolia pulchra) caused significant increases in subsequent growth of stems and leaves in treeline plant communities in central alaska, usa. willows growing in the shade were significantly more palatable for moose than those growing in the sun. moose density had strong effects on rates of nutrient cycling, ostensibly through effects of browsing and inputs from fecal and urinary nitrogen. moose are a keystone herbivore that likely media ...	1993	28313986
[karyotype of moose (alces alces l.) from northeastern asia].		1993	8495204
application of dna fingerprinting to enforcement of hunting regulations in ontario.	dna fingerprinting has been used in investigations of 40 cases of infractions of hunting regulations involving white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) and moose (alces alces) in ontario. in most of these cases, individual-specific dna fingerprints obtained with the jeffrey's 33.15 multilocus probe were used to link the animal remains found at the illegal kill site to blood and tissue samples of the dead animal associated with a suspect. dna fingerprints from 27 white-tailed deer and 19 moose ...	1993	8426157
seroepidemiology of coxiella burnetii among wildlife in nova scotia.	we used an indirect immunofluorescence assay to determine antibody titers to phase i and phase ii coxiella burnetii antigens in serum samples from a variety of wild animals in nova scotia. forty-nine percent of the hares, 16.5% of the moose, 7.1% of the raccoons, and 1.5% of the white-tailed deer tested had antibodies to phase i antigen. we conclude that there is extensive infection of the hare population by c. burnetii, with lesser degrees of infection of the moose, raccoon, and deer population ...	1993	8250101
naturally occurring brucella suis biovar 4 infection in a moose (alces alces).	a debilitated adult female moose (alces alces) shot east of the mackenzie river, northwest territories, canada, had large fluctuant masses over both carpi. only the forelimbs were available for examination. carpal pathology included bilateral bursitis and osteomyelitis of subjacent bone. in addition severe osteomyelitis with fractures was observed in the left lateral and right medial digits. brucella suis biovar 4 was isolated from the right medial first phalanx. this is believed to be the first ...	1993	8258861
giant hydatid lung cysts in the canadian northwest: outcome of conservative treatment in three children.	hydatid lung disease due to echinococcus granulosus in the canadian northwest and alaska is often asymptomatic and usually benign. we reviewed the course and outcome of three children with giant hydatid lung cyst seen over a 2-year period. all were north american indian children aged 9 to 12 years who presented with cough, fever, and chest pain. one had a rash. there was a history of exposure to domestic dogs who had been fed moose entrails in each case. chest x-rays showed solitary lung cysts w ...	1993	8308679
parelaphostrongylus tenuis in maine moose and the possible influence of faulty baermann procedures.	efficacy of cleaning baermann apparati was evaluated to determine if larvae are retained on glassware after evaluating white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) fecal samples containing parelaphostrongylus tenuis. residual p. tenuis larvae were recovered from 7 (11.7%) of 60 baermann apparati cleaned with soap and tap water. of 295 moose (alces alces) fecal samples collected in central and northern maine, only one contained protostrongylid larvae. our data do not support the hypothesis that rec ...	1993	8445780
diagnosis of pregnancy in moose using a bovine assay for pregnancy-specific protein b.	blood samples were collected from 26 moose (alces alces ) and evaluated for the presence of an antigen that cross-reacted with antisera to bovine pregnancy-specific protein b (p-spb). the objective of this study was to determine if the p-spb radioimmunoassay (ria) was a reliable indicator of pregnancy in these animals. in the first year of the study calf production the following summer was used as the index of previous pregnancy. in the second year all females were subjected to palpation per rec ...	1993	16727372