Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted ascending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
development of an indirect tams1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of theileria annulata infection in cattle.an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed based on a recombinant major theileria annulata merozoite surface antigen, tams1. four different recombinant proteins derived from two different tams1 alleles, both in two different truncated forms, were tested for their performance in the elisa. furthermore, antigen concentration, various buffers, washing protocol, and the choice of anti-total-immunoglobulin g (igg), anti-igg1, or anti-igg2 as second antibody were evaluated. the perform ...200010799453
immunoprotective efficacy of a purified 39 kda nymphal antigen of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum.soluble nymphal antigens (hnag) were purified by immunoaffinity chromatography using cnbr-activated sepharose 4b coupled with immunoglobulin ligands from animals immunized with hnag and 69-71% protected against challenge infestations, and 8% recovery of the purified protein (aff-hnag) was obtained. following immunization of crossbred calves (bos indicus x bos taurus) with 1600 sg of aff-hnag in three divided doses, significant rejections of larvae (p<0.001, 84.2%), nymphs (p<0.05, 61.4%) and adu ...200111254071
hyalomma impeltatum (acari: ixodidae) as a potential vector of malignant theileriosis in sheep in saudi arabia.little is known about tick-borne diseases in saudi arabia, particularly regarding the prevalence of theileriosis in small ruminants. this survey studied the potential vectors of malignant theileriosis in saudi arabian sheep. blood, lymph node and tick samples were collected from animals being treated or necropsied at the veterinary diagnostic laboratory in jeddah, makkah (western region), and bureida, al-qasim (central region). blood and lymph node smears were prepared and examined for theileria ...200111511417
evidence for the utility of the bm86 antigen from boophilus microplus in vaccination against other tick species.the bm86 antigen, as originally identified in boophilus microplus, is the basis of commercial tick vaccines against this tick species. the potential for using this antigen or homologues of the antigen in vaccination against other tick species has been assessed. we have conducted vaccine trials in cattle using the b. microplus-derived recombinant bm86 vaccine (tickgard) using pairs of vaccinated calves and control calves. these were infested with b. microplus and boophilus decoloratus larvae simu ...200111523920
description of a new babesia sp. infective for cattle in china.a babesia species has been identified and shown to be transmitted by hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum in china. when larvae, nymphs and adults developed from engorged females h. a. anatolicum collected from cattle in xinjiang province were infested onto the babesia-free calves, piroplasms of babesia sp. were seen in blood smears from cattle infested with nymphs (2 calves), but not from the calves infested with larvae (1 calf or adult ticks (2 calves). this babesia sp. proved to be of low virulence ...200212051599
experiments on transmission of an unidentified theileria sp. to small ruminants with haemaphysalis qinghaiensis and hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum.experiments on the transmission of an unidentified theileria sp. infective for small ruminants by haemaphysalis qinghaiensis and hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum were carried out. three theileria-free batches of adult, larvae, and nymphs of laboratory reared h. qinghaiensis and hy. a. anatolicum ticks were infected by feeding them on sheep infected with theileria sp. the theileria sp. was originally isolated from adult ticks of h. qinghaiensis, by inoculation of blood stabilates or tick transmissi ...200212191896
an epidemiological study on ovine babesiosis in the mashhad suburb area, province of khorasan, iran.the prevalence of babesia spp. infection was studied in sheep of the mashhad area in iran from 1998 to 2000. a total of 677 sheep originating from 115 flocks were clinically examined and investigated for the presence of babesia spp. in appropriate blood smears and any tick species on the body of the animals. the study revealed that the infection rate for babesia ovis and babesia motasi were 167 (24.6%) and 4 (0.5%), respectively. double (mixed) infections occurred in 21 (3%) sheep. differences i ...200212208039
studies on theileria and babesia infecting live and slaughtered animals in al arish and el hasanah, north sinai governorate, egypt.during the year 2001, a total of 475 sheep, 200 goats, 135 cattle and 190 camels in el arich city and el hassanah center were examined for babesia ovis and theileria ovis. blood films were taken from the vein of the ear. meanwhile, the animals were examined for tick infestations. b. ovis and th. ovis were detected in 13 (2.7%), and 14 (2.9%) sheep, 14 (7.0%), and 15 (7.5%) goats, 13 (9.6%), and 11 (8.1%) cattle and 18 (9.5%), and 24 (12.6%) camels respectively. on the other hand, double infectio ...200212214937
the innate resistance of kenana cattle to tropical theileriosis (theileria annulata infection) in the sudan.a study was carried out to assess the innate resistance of the indigenous kenana breed of cattle in the sudan to tropical theileriosis, theileria annulata infection of cattle. nine susceptible kenana calves were obtained from an area free from tropical theileriosis and the vector tick hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and were found negative to t. annulata antibodies in the indirect fluorescent antibody test. they were infected by inoculation of 1.0 ml t. annulata sporozoite stabilate. three friesi ...200212381583
comparative immunopotentiating properties of saponin and incomplete freund's adjuvant coupled to affinity purified larval antigen of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum.comparative immunostimulatory properties of saponin and incomplete freund's adjuvant (ifa) were studied using affinity purified 39 kda larval antigen of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum. significant antibody response to 39 kda antigen was detected in the sera of rabbits immunized with both 39 kda plus saponin and 39 kda plus ifa in comparison to their corresponding control animals. insignificant differences were noted in the antibody response between the animals of two immunized groups. upon chall ...200212587732
in vitro acaricidal effect of plant extract of neem seed oil (azadirachta indica) on egg, immature, and adult stages of hyalomma anatolicum excavatum (ixodoidea: ixodidae).effects of the plant extract of neem seed (azadirachta indica) on eggs, immature, and adult stages of hyalomma anatolicum excavatum was studied at concentrations of 1.6, 3.2, 6.4, and 12.8%. the extract was found to have a significant effect on the hatching rate of eggs. it significantly increased the hatching rate during the first 7 days post-treatment (dpt) giving incompletely developed and dead larvae; however, it cause hatching failure at dpt 15. neem azal f induced a significant increased i ...200211992715
a comparison of susceptibilities to infection of four species of hyalomma ticks with theileria annulata.in this comparative study unfed nymphs of four hyalomma tick species (hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, hyalomma anatolicum excavatum, hyalomma detritum and hyalomma marginatum marginatum) were allowed to engorge on calves experimentally infected with theileria annulata. the infection prevalence in the salivary glands of the adult female and male ticks of each hyalomma species used in the study were assessed. the infection prevalence with t. annulata was high and did not vary markedly in the four ...200312695036
proteolytic enzyme activity and attenuation of virulence in theileria annulata schizont-infected cells.a field isolate of theileria annulata (uzbek strain) was obtained from calves infected by hyalomma anatolicum ticks collected from an endemic region in uzbekistan. schizont-infected bovine cells that had been established and propagated in cell culture were examined for attenuation both in vivo, by inoculating cells from various passages into calves, and in vitro for metalloproteinase activity. during serial subcultivation a gradual reduction in virulence and in enzyme activity in cells infected ...200312935740
[differentiation of closely related species hyalomma anatolicum and h. excavatum (acari: ixodidae) based on a study of all life cycle stages, throughout entire geographical range].species status is stated for hyalomma anatolicum and h. excavatum, based on numerous material from the territory of their distribution. the differentiation of species is recovered for all stages of the life cycle. diagnosis of hyalomma anatolicum. female: small tick--length of scutum commonly less than 2 mm; width of scutum commonly less than 1.9 mm; color of scutum, gnathosoma and coxae light, yellowish- or reddish-brown; whitish enameled pigment on scutum absent; posterolateral ledges of scutu ...200314515505
experimental transmission of an unnamed bovine babesia by hyalomma spp., haemaphysalis longicornis and boophilus microplus.experiments were undertaken to determine the mode of transmission to cattle of an unnamed babesia sp. by hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, hyalomma detritum, hy. rufipes koch, haemaphysalis longicornis and boophilus microplus. the unnamed babesia species designated babesia u sp. was isolated by infesting cattle with nymphs from female hy. a. anatolicum ticks collected from xinjiang province. adults of laboratory reared hy. a. anatolicum, hy. detritum and hy. rufipes koch were infected with babesia ...200314519316
a study about tick vectors of bovine theileriosis in an endemic region of iran.the aim of this study was to determine the population of ticks in infected cattle and to identify the tick vectors of bovine theileriosis in an endemic area of iran from 1998 to 1999. a total of 120 suspected cattle suffering from theileriosis were clinically examined and investigated for the presence of theileria annulata in blood smears and the presence of any tick species on the body of cattle. in this study, 680 ticks were collected from 107 cattle infected with t. annulata. the prevalence o ...200314629004
immunization of crossbred cattle (bos indicus x bos taurus) with fractionated midgut antigens against hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum.crossbred calves (bos indicus x bos taurus) were immunized with a fractionated midgut supernate antigen (gs-f ag from hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum). the first inoculation on day 0 was given intramuscularly after emulsification with freund's complete adjuvant; the second was given subcutaneously on day 14 in incomplete freund's adjuvant; and the third on day 35 was given subcutaneously without adjuvant. each injection comprised 1 mg of antigen protein. ten days after the last inoculation, the i ...200314690089
studies on the epidemiology of tropical theileriosis (theileria annulata infection) in cattle in central anatolia, turkey.an epidemiological survey for theileria annulata infection was conducted in 12 selected villages around ankara in central anatolia, turkey, during the period april 1990 to january 1993. during the survey, 198 cattle of 30 local breeds, 84 holstein-friesian x local breeds and 84 holstein-friesian breed were examined for antibodies to t. annulata and the presence of the vector ticks. four species of hyalomma ticks were identified: hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, hyalomma anatolicum excavtum, hyalo ...200314690090
experimental immunisation of crossbred cattle with glycoproteins isolated from the larvae of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and boophilus microplus.in india, control of tick infestations is a major problem facing the owners of highly productive crossbred cattle. to develop suitable immunoprotective measures against the multitick infestations, specific problem encountered by the indian farmers, an attempt has been made to identify candidate protein molecules in the larvae of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and boophilus microplus. employing two steps affinity chromatography method, glycoproteins of 34 and 29 kda were isolated from h. a. anato ...200314974694
seasonal activity of ticks on small ruminants in tamil nadu state, india.the seasonal activity of ticks on sheep and goat populations was examined from december 2000 to november 2001 in the state of tamil nadu, india. this longitudinal study spread over four seasons and seven agroclimatic zones took into consideration the spectrum of species involved, the levels of infestations, the seasonal epidemiology of ticks and the associated management practices. the most common species of tick spread throughout the state was haemaphysalis bispinosa followed by rhipicephalus h ...200414998311
cattle infestation by hyalomma ticks and prevalence of theileria in hyalomma species in the east of turkey.a total of 2388 cattle and 442 shelters, from two provinces (elazig and malatya) endemic for tropical theileriosis in the east of turkey, were studied for hyalomma tick populations from july 1993 to july 1995 in elazig and from may 1998 to january 1999 in malatya. four thousand five hundred and eighty one of 7455 hyalomma ticks were collected from cattle, the other ticks (2874) were collected from shelters. all of the ticks collected from shelters were hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum. two thousan ...200415036571
ehrlichia ruminantium grows in cell lines from four ixodid tick genera.continuous cell lines from the ticks amblyomma variegatum, boophilus decoloratus, boophilus microplus, hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, ixodes scapularis, ixodes ricinus and rhipicephalus appendiculatus were tested for ability to support growth of the rickettsial pathogen ehrlichia (previously cowdria) ruminantium. five e.ruminantium isolates, from west africa, south africa and the french west indies, were used. twelve tick cell lines were inoculated with e.ruminantium derived either from culture ...200415053931
in vivo immunomodulatory effects of ixodid ticks on ovine circulating t- and b-lymphocytes.selected aspects of the ovine immune system were examined during the course of repeated infestations with the ixodid ticks, haemaphysalis bispinosa and hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum that naturally infest sheep, either individually or together. by the use of flow cytometry it was shown that total t-lymphocyte numbers were significantly reduced from the sixth through the ninth days of all infestations. gamma/delta (gammadelta+) and cd8+ t-lymphocytes were significantly depleted during tick feedin ...200415225295
high infection rates of the tick hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum with trypanosoma theileri.a crossbred calf (3 months old) obtained from a farm where regular control of ticks was practised and found to be free of blood parasites was inoculated with 20 ml pooled blood collected from four field cattle which had very low trypanosoma theileri parasitaemias (one parasite per 70 microl blood as determined by the haematocrit centrifugation technique). trypanosoma theileri was present in the blood 6 days after injection and a peak parasitaemia of 42 parasites per 70 microl blood was recorded ...200415732451
preliminary survey of ticks (acari: ixodidae) on cattle in northern sudan.in a cross sectional survey conducted during the period june 2001 to july 2002, the geographical distribution of ticks on cattle in the sudan was determined. seventeen locations were surveyed from northern, central, eastern, western, blue nile and white nile provinces. total body collections of ticks were made from 20 cattle at each location. four tick genera and 11 species were identified. the tick species collected included amblyomma lepidum, amblyomma variegatum, boophilus decoloratus, hyalom ...200415732459
[elisa and rt-pcr-based research of viruses in the ticks collected in the foci of crimean-congo fever in kazakhstan and tajikistan in 2001-2002].different species of ticks were found, in the territories of kazakhstan and tajikistan, to be infected with the virus of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (ckhf). the virologic evaluation included determination of antigen and rna of the ckhf virus by elisa and rt-pcr, respectively. the below tick species were found to be involved in the epidemic process: hyalomma asiaticum, dermacentor niveus (kazakhastan) and hyalomma anatolicum (tajikistan). the results testify to the fact that hyalomma ticks ar ...200515747867
detection and identification of ehrlichia spp. in ticks collected in tunisia and morocco.a broad-range 16s rrna gene pcr assay followed by partial sequencing of the 16s rrna gene was used for the detection of members of the family anaplasmataceae in ticks in north africa. a total of 418 questing ixodes ricinus ticks collected in tunisia and morocco, as well as 188 rhipicephalus ticks from dogs and 52 hyalomma ticks from bovines in tunisia, were included in this study. of 324 adult i. ricinus ticks, 16.3% were positive for ehrlichia spp., whereas only 3.4 and 2.8% of nymphs and larva ...200515750072
[study of virus contamination of ixodes ticks in the foci of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in kazakhstan and tajikistan].the data on the contamination of different of ticks with crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus on the territory of kazakhstan and tajikistan were obtained. the methods of the evaluation of the virus contamination of ticks included the determination of the antigen and cchf virus rna by the methods of the enzyme immunoassay and the reverse transcription pcr respectively. different tick species were found to be involved in the epidemic process: hyalomma asiaticum, dermatocentor niveus (kazak ...200515773396
molecular phylogenetic studies on an unnamed bovine babesia sp. based on small subunit ribosomal rna gene sequences.the 18s small subunit ribosomal rna (18s rrna) gene of an unnamed babesia species (designated b. u sp.) was sequenced and analyzed in an attempt to distinguish it from other babesia species in china. the target dna segment was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the pcr product was ligated to the pgem-t easy vector for sequencing. it was found that the length of the 18s rrna gene of all b. u sp. kashi 1 and b. u sp. kashi 2 was 1699 bp and 1689 bp. two phylogenetic trees were, respecti ...200515982821
simultaneous detection of "rickettsia mongolotimonae" in a patient and in a tick in greece.rickettsia conorii, a spotted fever group rickettsia which is transmitted by rhipicephalus sp. complex ticks, was considered until now the only pathogenic rickettsia prevalent in greece. here, we report the presence of "rickettsia mongolotimonae" (proposed name) detected simultaneously in a patient and in a hyalomma anatolicum excavatum tick, sampled on the patient.200516000506
cellular infiltration at skin lesions and draining lymph nodes of sheep infested with adult hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum ticks.immunohistochemical analysis of skin and draining lymph nodes of sheep repeatedly infested with the ixodid tick hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum were studied for different antigen-presenting cells and lymphocyte subpopulations. infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes adjacent to the tick bite site were observed. skin biopsies showed significant increases in dermal infiltration of cd8+ and gammadelta+ t cells at 72 h and 8 days after both primary and secondary infestation. infiltra ...200516255824
reduction of theileria annulata infection in ticks fed on calves immunized with purified larval antigens of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum.larval antigen of hyalonmma anatolicum anatolicum, the vector of theileria annulata, was purified by two-step affinity chromatography using anti-tick gut-specific rabbit igg and igg from immunized cattle. the purified antigen showed the presence of a single polypeptide of 37 kda (ghlagp) on sds-page. two groups (i and ii) of naive crossbred calves (bos taurus x b. indicus) were immunized with i mg of ghlagp in three divided doses. immunized calves of group i were also infected with a sublethal d ...200516274006
some observations on ticks (acari: ixodidae) infesting sheep in river nile province of northern sudan.five species of ixodid ticks were found in a cross-sectional survey in which 200 sheep were examined for ticks in river nile province, sudan. hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum was the predominant species (73.6%), whereas ticks belonging to the rhipicephalus sanguineus group (14.7%), rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (9.1%), rhipicephalus simus (2%) and hyalomma dromedarii (0.5%) were also found. the mean tick load was 11.2 per animal. in a subsequent longitudinal survey ticks were collected on a monthl ...200516300192
[ixodidae ticks in bishkek].the fauna of ixodidae ticks was studied in bishkek in 1998-2004. the city is situated in the center of the chuisk valley, at the foot of the kirghiz ridge, at the boundary of a submountain-plain-arid region and a plain-piedmont-semiarid one with steppe fragments. the ticks were gathered on a flag from small mammalians caught by gero traps, from birds, domestic and agricultural animals. a total of 648 animals of 13 species were examined. the bites of ticks were registered in 98 persons in the cit ...200516445237
natural infection rates and transmission of theileria annulata by hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum ticks in the sudan.hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum nymphs were collected from two localities in the sudan: eddamer in northern sudan and wad-medani in central sudan. they were allowed to moult to adult ticks, which were assessed for theileria infection in their salivary glands using feulgen stain. at eddamer, 49.6% of 123 ticks examined were infected with theileria and the mean intensity of infection was 1.3 (i.e. the number of infected acini/number of infected ticks). at wad-medani, 8.6% of 162 ticks were infected ...200516562733
prevalence and distribution of tropical theileriosis in eastern turkey.this study was carried out to determine the prevalence and distribution of tropical theileriosis in cattle in eastern turkey by microscopical, serological and molecular methods. a total of 1561 whole blood, 1505 serum and 1483 blood smear samples were collected from cattle of various breeds and ages in 11 towns of eastern turkey. theileria annulata piroplasm dna extracted from cattle blood was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using species-specific primers. serum antibodies against t ...200515619369
assessment of duration of immunity in crossbred cattle immunized with glycoproteins isolated from hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and boophilus microplus.to develop immunoprophylactic measures against multi-tick infestation, two glycoproteins of 34 and 29 kda were isolated from the larvae of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and boophilus microplus, respectively, and assessed for their efficacy against experimental challenge infestations. the synergistic effect of the antigens in the presence of incomplete freund's adjuvant was found to confer protection (dt%) in animals against 56.48% of larvae and 52% of adults of h. a. anatolicum, while the effec ...200515700177
prevalence of theileria spp. infection in sheep in south khorasan province, iran.the prevalence of theileria spp. infection was studied in sheep in the south khorasan province in iran from 2003 to 2004. a total of 840 sheep from 34 flocks were clinically examined and investigated for the presence of theileria spp. in the appropriate blood smears and any tick species on the body of the animals. in this study, 11.9% of sheep were infected with theileria spp., with a parasitemia of 0.02-0.1%. differences in the infection rates were statistically significant among different area ...200616730905
[genetic monitoring of the crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in kazakhstan and tajikistan in 2001-2003].blood specimens obtained from 32 cchf patients were tested for the presence of cchf virus markers. in addition, 3210 ticks of the genera hyalomma asiaticum, hyalomma anatolicum, and dermacentor niveus were examined to identify the cchf virus antigen and rna. this material was obtained during the 2001-2003 local outbreaks of cchf in kazakhstan and tajikistan. the nucleotide sequence in the region 983-1282 of s segment of the cchf virus for 12 wild type strains was determined. the phylogenetic rel ...200616756002
rickettsial agents in egyptian ticks collected from domestic animals.to assess the presence of rickettsial pathogens in ticks from egypt, we collected ticks from domestic and peridomestic animals between june 2002 and july 2003. dna extracts from 1019 ticks were tested, using pcr and sequencing, for anaplasma spp., bartonella spp., coxiella burnetii, ehrlichia spp., and rickettsia spp. ticks included: 29 argas persicus, 10 hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, 55 hyalomma anatolicum excavatum, 174 hyalomma dromedarii, 2 hyalomma impeltatum, 3 hyalomma marginatum rufipe ...200617004028
an investigation into the distribution, host-preference and population density of ixodid ticks affecting domestic animals in bangladesh.to study the distribution, host-preference and population density of ixodid ticks in bangladesh, an attempt was made to collect adult ticks from various host animals in three distinct topographic zones, viz. flood plains, hills and steppe 'barind'. five species of ixodid ticks were recorded, namely, boophilus microplus (56.3%), haemaphysalis bispinosa (11.3%), rhipicephalus sanguineus (14.7%), hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (15.0%) and amblyomma testudinarium (2.8%). the data showed that b. micr ...200617243476
a molecular survey of bovine theileria parasites among apparently healthy cattle and with a note on the distribution of ticks in eastern turkey.a survey of theileria parasites in cattle in eastern turkey was carried out using specific polymerase chain reaction. a total of 252 blood samples were collected from clinically healthy cattle between june and july 2004. of 252 blood samples examined, 41 (16%) were positive for piroplasms by microscopy, whereas 114 (45%) were positive for the presence of at least one species of theileria by pcr. the percentages of positive animals for theileria annulata and benign theileria species (theileria se ...200616510248
[the importance of gamma irradiations with caesium-137 for hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (metastigmata, ixodidae) control].in this study, male ticks belonging to the hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum species were subjected to gamma radiation doses of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 50 gy, emitted by a gamma-ray source of caesium 137. in females that fed with these male ticks, proportional to the increase in radiation dose, the period of feeding was found to shorten. a decrease was demonstrated in the number of engorged female ticks, engorgement weights, number of laying ticks and number of eggs. the hatching period of larvae from eg ...200617309038
[mono- and mixed infection by the tick-borne encephalitis and powassan viruses of tissue explants from ticks of the genus hyalomma].the paper presents results of virusological and electron microscope studies of the reproduction of viruses of tick-borne encephalitis and povassan at mono- and mixed persistent infection of explants of imaginal tissues of hyalomma anatolicum and h. dromedarii with these viruses. the virus reproduction in explants was observed within 208 to 217 days after the infection. joint reproduction of two model viruses within 1-2 months after the infection can take place and after that the inhibition of th ...20076328401
purification and characterization of two larval glycoproteins from the cattle tick, boophilus annulatus.the present study was conducted to identify new target immunogenic molecules from the larval stage of the cattle tick, boophilus annulatus (acari: ixodidae). two specific larval glycoproteins (glps) were isolated by two-step affinity chromatography. the larval immunogens were first purified with cnbr-sepharose coupled to rabbit anti-larval immunoglobulins, and the glycoproteins were then purified with con-a sepharose. these glycoproteins have molecular weights of approximately 32 and 15 kda with ...200717519572
biological activities of chamomile (matricaria chamomile) flowers' extract against the survival and egg laying of the cattle fever tick (acari ixodidae).in the present work, the potential of acaricidal activity of chamomile flowers' extract was studied against engorged rhipicephalus annulatus tick under laboratory condition. for this purpose, the engorged females of rhipicephalus annulatus were exposed to two-fold serial dilutions of chamomile flowers' extract (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 4.0% and 8.0%) using "dipping method" in vitro. the engorged ticks were immersed in different plant dilutions (five ticks for each dilution) for 1 min and they were imme ...200717726752
a survey of ticks (acari:ixodidae) on cattle, sheep and goats in the dohuk governorate, iraq.a survey on hard ticks affecting cattle, sheep, and goats was done in dohuk governorate from march 2005 until february 2006 in three areas (dohuk surrounding area, barwary balla near turkish border, and eqre). the species collected from cattle were hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and hyalomma anatolicum marginatum, while the species collected from sheep and goats were rhipicephalus bursa, rhipicephalus turanicus, haemaphysalis parva, and hyalomma spp. the occurrences of the ticks in the three are ...200717823824
ticks status in central asia with a special emphasis on uzbekistan.uzbekistan is located between the greatest rivers of central asia and shares borders with kazakhstan to the west and to the north, kyrgyzstan and tajikistan to the east, and afghanistan and turkmenistan to the south. the climate is severely continental and arid, with hot summers and cold winters. these climatic particularities of uzbekistan determine the distribution of tick fauna. the ixodidae family of ticks is represented by 23 species in uzbekistan. these ticks, as ectoparasites, cause signi ...200717823825
laboratory rearing of theileria annulata-free hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum ticks.hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum is a three-host tick which transmits theileria annulata infection in indian cattle. laboratory rearing of ixodid ticks is an essential requirement of any laboratory engaged with research on ticks and tick borne diseases. the entomology laboratory of indian veterinary research institute is fully equipped with all the facilities and skilled manpower to maintain a homogenous h. a. anatolicum population throughout the year. the continuous supply of eggs, larvae and adu ...200717851768
infectivity rate and transmission potential of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum ticks for babesia equi infection.the infectivity rate of babesia equi in the salivary glands of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum was assessed. the hungry nymphs were fed on a donkey experimentally infected with b. equi. the engorged dropped-off nymphs were collected at different levels of parasitaemia and kept in bod incubator. after ecdysis, the hungry adults were prefed on rabbits for different time intervals, thereafter the salivary glands were dissected out and acini were examined after methyl green pyronin (mgp) staining. a ...200717112671
gene silencing of the tick protective antigens, bm86, bm91 and subolesin, in the one-host tick boophilus microplus by rna interference.the use of rna interference (rnai) to assess gene function has been demonstrated in several three-host tick species but adaptation of rnai to the one-host tick, boophilus microplus, has not been reported. we evaluated the application of rnai in b. microplus and the effect of gene silencing on three tick-protective antigens: bm86, bm91 and subolesin. gene-specific double-stranded (dsrna) was injected into two tick stages, freshly molted unfed and engorged females, and specific gene silencing was ...200717196597
man-threatening viruses isolated from ticks in saudi arabia.to determine tick viruses transmissible to man in saudi arabia.200718060218
prevalence of ixodid ticks on cattle in mazandaran province, iran.a survey was carried out to investigate the prevalence of hard tick species (acari: ixodidae) on cattle in mazandaran province, iran. a total of 953 ticks were collected from 86 infested cattle during activating seasons of ticks during 2004-2005. nine species were identified: boophilus annulatus (51.3%), rhipicephalus bursa (16.8%), haemaphysalis punctata (6.3%), ixodes ricinus (6.8%), hyalomma marginatum (12.5%), hyalomma anatolicum excavatum (5.2%), hyalomma asiaticum (0.6%), hyalomma detritum ...200718165714
distribution and population dynamics of ticks (acari: ixodidae) infesting sheep in sennar state, sudan.a cross-sectional survey of ticks infesting sheep was conducted in sennar state, sudan. a total body collection of ticks was carried out at five localities sennar town, singa, dinder, abu naama and um banein on two types of desert sheep (watish and ashgar) on two farms at each locality at two monthly intervals for one year starting july 2002 to may 2003. four tick genera and eight species were identified. they were amblyomma lepidum, hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, hyalomma truncatum, rhipicepha ...200718453239
demonstration of strain-specific cd8 t cell responses to theileria annulata.the present study set out to examine the nature and specificity of the bovine cd8 t cell response at the clonal level in a group of eight animals immunized with a cloned population of theileria annulata. the results demonstrated that immunized animals generated parasite-specific cd8 t cells that produced ifn in response to parasite stimulation but had highly variable levels of cytotoxicity for parasitized cells. the study also demonstrated that these parasite-specific cd8 t cells could be propag ...200818498311
identification of a novel babesia sp. from a sable antelope (hippotragus niger harris, 1838).babesiosis in a sable antelope (hippotragus niger harris, 1838) was first reported in 1930; the parasite was named babesia irvinesmithi. recently, specimens from an adult sable that presented with a sudden onset of disease and that subsequently died during immobilization were submitted for molecular characterization. microscopic examination of thin blood smears revealed the presence of small piroplasms. dna was extracted from blood samples; the v4 variable region of the 18s rrna gene was amplifi ...200818508943
effect of peganum harmala (wild rue) extract on experimental ovine malignant theileriosis: pathological and parasitological findings.malignant theileriosis of sheep is a highly fatal, acute or subacute disease is caused by the tick-borne protozoan parasite, theileria hirci. in this investigation ten healthy male lambs aged 5-6 months were randomly divided into two groups, a and b and were kept in isolated tick-proof pens. they were treated for internal and external parasite before commencement of the experiment. the lambs were experimentally infected with t. hirci by placing ticks hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum infected with ...200818575066
growth of tick-borne encephalitis virus (european subtype) in cell lines from vector and non-vector ticks.we undertook a comparative study of the susceptibility of different tick cell lines to infection with the european subtype of tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev), prototype strain neudoerfl. the growth of tbev was investigated in lines derived from vector ixodes ricinus l. ticks (ire/ctvm18, 19, and 20), as well as non-vector ticks, namely ixodes scapularis say (ide2), boophilus microplus canestrini (bme/ctvm2), hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum koch (hae/ctvm9), rhipicephalus appendiculatus neuma ...200818602711
exploring the mialome of ticks: an annotated catalogue of midgut transcripts from the hard tick, dermacentor variabilis (acari: ixodidae).ticks are obligate blood feeders. the midgut is the first major region of the body where blood and microbes ingested with the blood meal come in contact with the tick's internal tissues. little is known about protein expression in the digestive tract of ticks. in this study, for analysis of global gene expression during tick attachment and feeding, we generated and sequenced 1,679 random transcripts (ests) from cdna libraries from the midguts of female ticks at varying stages of feeding.200819021911
progress in development of vaccine against hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum-indian scenario.hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, a three host tick vector transmitting the causative agent of bovine tropical theileriosis, is widely distributed throughout india. as a component of integrated control measures against the tick vector, attempts have been made to identify candidate protein molecules for development of an anti-tick vaccine in the different stages of this tick species. by strategic methods of isolation of the targeted molecules using affinity purification of proteins showing reactivi ...200819178893
genetic analysis of the m rna segment of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus strains in turkey.crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus is member of the genus nairovirus of the family bunyaviridae. all members of the family bunyaviridae are enveloped viruses containing tripartite, negative polarity, single-stranded rna. cchf is characterized by high case mortality, occurring in asia, africa, the middle east and europe. during recent years, outbreaks have been reported in turkey. however, little information is available on the genetic diversity of cchf virus in turkey. in this study, a ...200817955162
[molecular analysis of the antigenic sequence (sbm7462®) from bm86 of the rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and similarity with rhipicephalus sanguineus and hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum].the vaccination represents optimum method evaluated with effective cost to prevent economic losses and to increase the duration and quality of life of the production animals. . diverse vaccines are produced from the intestinal protein bm86 of the rhipicephalus. (b.) microplus. the knowledge of the conservation of the gene bm86 is very important to evaluate the vaccine efficiency and the possibility of reaction crossed between different species of ticks. samples of r. (b.) microplus come from dif ...200820059809
the role of saliva in tick feeding.when attempting to feed on their hosts, ticks face the problem of host hemostasis (the vertebrate mechanisms that prevent blood loss), inflammation (that can produce itching or pain and thus initiate defensive behavior on their hosts) and adaptive immunity (by way of both cellular and humoral responses). against these barriers, ticks evolved a complex and sophisticated pharmacological armamentarium, consisting of bioactive lipids and proteins, to assist blood feeding. recent progress in transcri ...200919273185
laboratory study on biological control of ticks (acari: ixodidae) by entomopathogenic indigenous fungi (beauveria bassiana).chemical control method using different acaricides as spray, dipping solution or pour-on is routinely used for controlling ticks. biological control agents are favorable due to their safety for animals and environment. entomopathogenic fungi such as beauveria bassiana are well known for controlling ticks. in this study, two iranian indigenous strains of b. bassiana (b. bassiana 5197 and b. bassiana evin) were selected and grown on specific media. the pathogenic effects of these strains were eval ...200922808380
cloning, expression and immunoprotective efficacy of rhaa86, the homologue of the bm86 tick vaccine antigen, from hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum.the bm86 homologue of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum izatnagar isolate was cloned and expressed in methylotropic yeast pichia pastoris as intracellular, glycosylated and particulated form. it was named as rhaa86, the first recombinant protein of h. a. anatolicum. seven epidermal growth factor-like domains predicted in haa86 were structurally similar with that of its bm86 counterpart. the identity between the corresponding egf like domains of bm86 and haa86 were ranging from 51.3% to 78.3%. the m ...200919222782
molecular detection and identification of ehrlichia and anaplasma species in ixodid ticks.a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay followed by partial sequencing of the 16s ribosomal rna gene was performed for the presence of ehrlichia and/or anaplasma. a total of 242 ixodid ticks were collected from domestic ruminants and their shelters, as well as humans, and their individual salivary glands were dissected out for dna. from the 242 ticks analyzed, six (2.47%), comprising three hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, one rhipicephalus bursa, and two rhipicephalus sanguineus, were positive. o ...200919247690
cell lines from the soft tick ornithodoros moubata.primary cell cultures (n = 16) were initiated from tissues of embryonic and neonatal larval ornithodoros moubata following methods developed for hard ticks. after maintenance for 20-25 months in vitro, cell multiplication commenced in surviving cultures, leading to the establishment of six cell lines designated ome/ctvm21, 22, 24, 25, 26 and 27. all lines are maintained at 28 degrees c, with subculture at 2-8 week intervals. the cultures comprise heterogeneous populations of large cells of 15-10 ...200919252822
a novel sphingomyelinase-like enzyme in ixodes scapularis tick saliva drives host cd4 t cells to express il-4.tick feeding modulates host immune responses. tick-induced skewing of host cd4(+) t cells towards a th2 cytokine profile facilitates transmission of tick-borne pathogens that would otherwise be neutralized by th1 cytokines. tick-derived factors that drive this th2 response have not previously been characterized. in the current study, we examined an i. scapularis cdna library prepared at 18-24 h of feeding and identified and expressed a tick gene with homology to loxosceles spider venom proteins ...200919292772
the protozoan parasite theileria annulata alters the differentiation state of the infected macrophage and suppresses musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene (maf) transcription factors.the tick-borne protozoan parasite theileria annulata causes a debilitating disease of cattle called tropical theileriosis. the parasite predominantly invades bovine macrophages (m phi) and induces host cell transformation by a mechanism that has not been fully elucidated. infection is associated with loss of characteristic m phi functions and phenotypic markers, indicative of host cell de-differentiation. we have investigated the effect of t. annulata infection on the expression of the m phi dif ...200919303416
the relationship between spotted fever group rickettsiae and ixodid ticks.spotted fever group rickettsiae are predominantly transmitted by ticks. rickettsiae have developed many strategies to adapt to different environmental conditions, including those within their arthropod vectors and vertebrate hosts. the tick-rickettsiae relationship has been a point of interest for many researchers, with most studies concentrating on the role of ticks as vectors. unfortunately, less attention has been directed towards the relationship of rickettsiae with tick cells, tissues, and ...200919358804
[comparison of the ability to fertilize females by hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum males irradiated with gamma radiation from caesium 137 with non-irradiated males].in this study, hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum male ticks were subjected to gamma radiation with a dose of 10 gy emitted by a gamma-ray source of caesium 137. female ticks were divided into 3 groups and placed in rabbit ears to feed. in the first group, the females fed with normal and irradiated males, in the second group females fed only with irradiated males and in last group females fed with normal males. biological parameters such as the feeding period, weights, period of time from dropping u ...200919367545
a new ovine babesia species transmitted by hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum.the pathogenicity and morphology of a large babesia species, babesia sp. xinjiang, are described here. the parasite has very low virulence for sheep, and caused no detectable clinical symptoms. splenectomized sheep infected with the parasite showed mild fever and low parasitemia and would recover gradually. if splenectomized sheep were immuno-suppressed with dexamethasone, the parasitemia could reach 8.5%, and death occurred. a splenectomized calf could not be infected with the babesia species. ...200919460377
in vitro and in vivo efficacies of ivermectin and cypermethrin against the cattle tick hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (acari: ixodidae).this study investigated the comparative efficacy of ivermectin and cypermethrin pour-on, for the treatment of hyalomma anatolicum (a.) anatolicum infestations in bovines. for examining acaricidal efficacy, 480 ticks were exposed in vitro to graded doses of both the acaricides and in vivo efficacy was examined in 360 tick-infested bovines treated at the recommended doses of ivermectin (ivm) and cypermethrin (cym) pour-on. the comparative quantitative assessment of tick burden was done on days 0, ...200919562374
the distribution of hyalomma spp. ticks from domestic ruminants in iran.the distribution of hyalomma species on domestic animals was studied in four zoogeoghraphical zones. nine hundred and ninety-two hyalomma ticks were collected from sheep, goats, cattle and camels. a total of seven tick species consisting of: hyalomma anatolicum koch, 1844 (28.93%), h. excavatum koch, 1844 (12.5%), h. asiaticum schulze & schlottke, 1930 (13.5%), h. marginatum koch, 1844 (27.01%), h. detritum schulze, 1919 (9.67%), h. schulzei olenev, 1931 (4.03%) and h. dromedary koch, 1844 (4.33 ...200919712158
prevalence and associated risk factors for bovine tick infestation in two districts of lower punjab, pakistan.bovine tick infestation is still a serious nuisance to livestock and the dairy industry of pakistan. the current paper reports the prevalence and associated risk factors for bovine tick infestation in the districts layyah and muzaffargarh of lower punjab, pakistan. a questionnaire-based survey was conducted to identify and to quantify variation in the prevalence of bovine tick infestation with respect to host (age, species, sex, and breed) and environmental (geographical area and climate) determ ...200919782414
identification of a synthetic peptide inducing cross-reactive antibodies binding to rhipicephalus (boophilus) decoloratus, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and rhipicephalus appendiculatus bm86 homologues.the bm86 antigen, originally identified in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, is the basis of the only commercialized anti-tick vaccine. the long-term goal of our study is to improve bm86 based vaccines by induction of high levels of tick gut binding antibodies that are also cross-reactive with a range of bm86 homologues expressed in other important tick species. here we have used a bd86 derived synthetic peptide, bd86-3, to raise a series of mouse monoclonal antibodies. one of these mabs, nam ...200919808026
selection of reference genes for quantitative rt-pcr studies in rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus and rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks and determination of the expression profile of bm86.for accurate and reliable gene expression analysis, normalization of gene expression data against reference genes is essential. in most studies on ticks where (semi-)quantitative rt-pcr is employed, normalization occurs with a single reference gene, usually beta-actin, without validation of its presumed expression stability. the first goal of this study was to evaluate the expression stability of commonly used reference genes in rhipicephalus appendiculatus and rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplu ...200920040102
differentiation of two ovine babesia based on the ribosomal dna internal transcribed spacer (its) sequences.the first and second internal transcribed spacers (its1, its2) as well as the intervening 5.8s coding region of the rrna gene for six babesia spp. isolated from different geographic origins were characterized. varying degrees of its1 and its2 intra- and inter-species sequence polymorphism were found among these isolates. phylogenetic analysis of the its1-5.8s gene-its2 region clearly separated the isolates into two clusters. one held an unidentified babesia sp. transmitted by hyalomma anatolicum ...200918977349
ticks (acari: ixodidae) infesting camels (camelus dromedarius) in northern sudan.monthly total body tick collections from 13-20 camels were conducted for 2 consecutive years (2000-2001) in northern sudan. tick populations were correlated with locality, season, predeliction site, sex and coat colour. hyalomma dromedarii was found to be the predominant (89%) tick species infesting the camels. other tick species found in very low numbers were hyalomma impeltatum (7.7%), hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (3.3%), hyalomma truncatum (0.29%), hyalomma marginatum rufipes (0.25%), rhipi ...200920698438
the rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus bm86 gene plays a critical role in the fitness of ticks fed on cattle during acute babesia bovis infection.abstract:201021092112
prevalence of ixodid ticks on cattle and sheep southeast of iran.a survey was carried out to investigate the prevalence of hard tick species (acari: ixodidae) on cattle and sheep southeast of iran. a total of 972 ticks were collected from 280 infested cattle and 1,207 ticks were collected from 632 infested sheep during activating seasons of ticks in 2008-2009. the species collected from cattle were hyalomma marginatum marginatum (50.92%), hyalomma anatolicum excavatum (25.61%), hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (8.12%), hyalomma asiaticum asiaticum (1.85%), and ...201021113660
life cycle of hyalomma anatolicum koch, 1844 (acari: ixodidae) fed on rabbits, sheep and goats.some aspects of the biology of the tick hyalomma anatolicum fed on rabbits, sheep and goats were studied. the non-feeding stages were maintained under laboratory conditions at 20-36°c and 75% relative humidity. the longest feeding periods of larvae and nymphs of h. anatolicum were observed when fed on rabbits (mean 4.58 ± 0.51 and 7 ± 1.15 days, respectively) while the longest feeding periods of females were observed on goats (9.61 ± 1.21). the pre-oviposition period (4.8 ± 0.42 days) and pre-ec ...201021277088
prevalence of theileria annulata infection in hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum in punjab state, india.the study was conducted to assess the prevalence of theileria infection in tick vectors collected from healthy animals to record the natural infection level of theilerial parasite in the field condition. a total of 156 male and 110 semi-engorged female of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum were collected from cattle and buffaloes of two different agro climatic zones of punjab, dissected and their salivary glands were stained with methyl green pyronin (mgp) stain. the prevalence, intensity and abunda ...201021526034
tick infestation rate of sheep and their distribution in abdanan county, ilam province, iran, 2007-2008.ticks are hematophagous arthropod belonging to the class of arachnids. ticks are also one of the major vectors of pathogens to animal and human. this study was conducted to determine tick infestation rate of sheep in abdanan during 2007-2008.201022808401
ultrastructural study of muscles fibers in tick hyalomma (hyalomma) anatolicum anatolicum (ixodoidea: ixodidae).in the present study, ticks were obtained from a colony maintained at 28 degrees c and 75% relative humidity in at the department of biology, university college umm al-qura university, saudi arabia and the transmission electron microscope technique (tem) was used to describes the ultrastructure and description of muscle of the of ixodid tick hyalomma (hyalomma) anatolicum anatolicum. the results showed that muscles of the unfed ticks hyalomma (hyalomma) anatolicum anatolicum in longitudinal sect ...201021313907
experimental transmission of theileria ovis by hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum.the experimental transmission of a newly isolated theileria ovis is described. hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum nymphs developed from larvae engorged on sheep infected with t. ovis were able to transmit the t. ovis to splenectomized sheep. meanwhile, h. anatolicum anatolicum adults developed from nymphs engorged on sheep infected with t. ovis were also able to transmit t. ovis to splenectomized sheep. these experiments suggested that t. ovis could be transmitted by a h. anatolicum anatolicum, and ...201020165879
efficacy of rhaa86, an orthologue of bm86, against challenge infestations of hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum.in an attempt to develop vaccine against hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, the protective efficacy of rhaa86 was evaluated against experimental challenge infestations of homologous tick species and lethal dose of theileria annulata. following challenge, a significant difference of 20.9% (p < 0.01) in the dropping per cent of ticks fed on immunized and control animals was recorded. a statistically significant reduction of 49.6 mg (p < 0.01) in the weight of ticks fed on immunized animals in compari ...201020537118
experimental transmission of theileria lestoquardi by developmental stages of hyalomma anatolicum ticks.theileria-free hyalomma anatolicum larvae were fed on a naturally infected sheep with theileria lestoquardi. resulting flat nymphs of the tick were able to transmit t. lestoquardi infection upon feeding to 3/3 susceptible sheep. adults emerging from the same batch of larvae were also infective to 3/3 susceptible sheep when they had the infection during their larval feeding. transmission of t. lestoquardi to sheep was confirmed through clinical monitoring, examination of blood and lymph node biop ...201020607288
variability of powassan virus cultured in tissue explants and organism of hyalomma anatolicum ticks.the variability of powassan virus was studied during successive passages in hyalomma anatolicum ticks or prolonged reproduction in their tissue explants. it had been shown that in the course of tick passages and during reproduction in the explants, pathogenicity of the virus in respect to causing acute disease in mice after peripheral inoculation was decreased, while virus ability to cause death after intracerebral (i.c.) inoculation remained unchanged. in mice infected with the original strain ...20102864833
bm86 homologues and novel ataq proteins with multiple epidermal growth factor (egf)-like domains from hard and soft ticks.tick control on livestock relies principally on the use of acaricides but the development of acaricide resistance and concerns for environmental pollution underscore the need for alternative control methods, for instance through the use of anti-tick vaccines. two commercial vaccines based on the recombinant bm86 protein from rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus ticks were developed. partial protection of the bm86 vaccine against other rhipicephalus (boophilus) and hyalomma tick species suggests t ...201020647015
cloning and characterization of a ribosomal protein l24 from haemaphysalis longicornis eggs.a fragment of ribosomal protein l24 was obtained from the complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cdna) library of haemaphysalis longicornis eggs. the complete sequence of the clone was subsequently obtained using rapid amplification of the cdna ends (race). ribosomal protein l24 from h. longicornis had a high percentage similarity to this protein from different species. conserved domains were also identified in rpl24. real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analysis showed that this gene is expr ...201020676684
theileria ovis discovered in china.a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using 989/990 primers was conducted to identify a newly isolated theileria sp. in xinjiang province of china. the target dna fragments of the complete 18s rrna gene were cloned and sequenced. the phylogenetic relationship of newly isolated theileria spp. was inferred based on the 18s rrna gene. the results showed that the new theileria sp. belonged to the cluster of theileria ovis. moreover, the findings were confirmed by t. ovis species-specific pcr. an expecte ...201120619262
morphometric study on male specimens of hyalomma anatolicum (acari: ixodidae) in west of iran.hyalomma anatolicum is the well-known hard tick, which is one of the most important livestock and human pathogens vector, wide range in host and distributed in all over the hyalomma geographic fauna as well as in iran. taxonomy of the hyalomma ssp. is debatable whereas their identification is a problematic work. the reasons for this claim is time consuming delpy's researches in iran also schulze school, feldman-muhsam and the russian tick workers. we would like to understand morphometric variati ...201122808415
first confirmed report of outbreak of malignant ovine theileriosis among goats in sudan.an outbreak of malignant ovine theileriosis among goats was confirmed and documented. in this outbreak, 16 out of 22 (72.7%) goats died within 4 days showing clinical signs of malignant ovine theileriosis as well as in the postmortem findings. the goats were reared in a mixed flock with sheep in atbara town, northern sudan. the infection was detected microscopically and confirmed serologically by ifa test and molecularly by pcr technique using specific primer for theileria lestoquardi. hyalomma ...201121537979
species diversity and geographic distribution of hard ticks (acari: ixodoidea: ixodidae) infesting domestic ruminants, in qazvin province, iran.this report presents the results of the first faunistic study of hard ticks in qazvin province of iran. the primary objective was to determine the species diversity and geographic distribution of hard ticks that parasitize domestic ruminants. information about the abiotic preferences of these species has been provided. a total of 286 cattle, 1,053 goats, and 2,050 sheep were examined in 13 villages in 28 flocks distributed throughout the studied areas. total direct body collections of ticks were ...201121805220
acaricidal efficacy of synthesized silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of ocimum canum against hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and hyalomma marginatum isaaci (acari: ixodidae).the use of acaricides had limited efficacy in reducing tick infestations and is often accompanied by serious drawbacks, including the selection of acaricide resistant ticks, contamination of environment, and milk and meat products with drug residues. the present study was based on assessments of the antiparasitic activities to determine the efficacy of synthesized silver nanoparticles (agnps) utilizing aqueous leaf extract of ocimum canum sims (labiatae) against the larvae of hyalomma anatolicum ...201121789583
crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever: a molecular survey on hard ticks (ixodidae) in yazd province, iran.to determine the rate of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) infection in hard ticks (ixodidae) in yazd province of iran.201121771418
hard ticks on one-humped camel (camelus dromedarius) and their seasonal population dynamics in southeast, iran.the primary objective of this study was to determine the diversity and intensity of ticks found on camels (camelus dromedarius) and their seasonal population dynamics in kerman, southeast of iran. for this purpose, a total of 426 tick specimens were collected from 217 infested camels in southeast of iran during activating seasons of ticks (april 2009 to march 2010). the species collected from camel were hyalomma dromedarii (84.7%), hyalomma marginatum (8.7%), hyalomma anatolicum excavatum (5.4%) ...201121720786
spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks in cyprus.in two surveys conducted from march 1999 to march 2001 and from january 2004 to december 2006, a total of 3,950 ticks (belonging to ten different species) were collected from seven domestic and wild animals (goat, sheep, cattle, dog, fox, hare, and mouflon) from different localities throughout cyprus. in order to establish their infection rate with spotted fever rickettsiae (sfg), ticks were pooled and tested by polymerase chain reaction targeting glta and ompa genes, followed by sequencing anal ...201121833539
spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks collected from wild animals in israel.we report molecular evidence for the presence of spotted fever group rickettsiae (sfgr) in ticks collected from roe deer, addax, red foxes, and wild boars in israel. rickettsia aeschlimannii was detected in hyalomma marginatum and hyalomma detritum while rickettsia massiliae was present in rhipicephalus turanicus ticks. furthermore, a novel uncultured sfgr was detected in haemaphysalis adleri and haemaphysalis parva ticks from golden jackals. the pathogenicity of the novel sfgr for humans is unk ...201122049050
Displaying items 101 - 200 of 339