Publications

[study of anti-paracoccidioides brasiliensis igm antibodies using immunofluorescence of the serum of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis].		1979	384494
new method for estimating digestion of paracoccidioides brasiliensis by phagocytic cells in vitro.	we describe a method by which phagocytosis and digestion of paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast cells by polymorphonuclear leukocytes or other phagocytic cells may be estimated. suspensions of p. brasiliensis in its yeastlike phase were sonicated, counted, and incubated with known numbers of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes. at given intervals, cytocentrifuge droplets were stained by a variation of papanicolaou's method. stained preparations were examined with phase-contrast optics. ...	1979	90683
the activation of the complement system by paracoccidioides brasiliensis in vitro: its opsonic effect and possible significance for an in vivo model of infection.		1979	421371
[south american blastomycosis (paracoccidioidomycosis) in switzerland. clinical course and morphological findings in a case following long-term therapy].	the clinical course and morphological findings are reported of visceral paracoccidioidomycosis or south american blastomycosis with lung involvement in a 47-year-old male after specific antimycotic treatment for 11 years. the patient had been infected during a stay in são paulo, brazil, from 1950 to 1954. the diagnosis was established in 1959 after his return to st. gall, switzerland, in tissue from buccal mucosa and cervical lymph node biopsy and in fungus cultures. the patient was treated with ...	1979	432600
experimental paracoccidioidomycosis in the syrian hamster: morphology, ultrastructure and correlation of lesions with presence of specific antigens and serum levels of antibodies.	male hamsters (134) received intratesticular injection of a live cerebriform culture of paracoccidioides brasiliensis and were sacrificed from 6 hours up to 123 days onwards. tissues from testis, lymph nodes, lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys and intestines were examined microscopically; presence of specific antigens was saught in lesions of testis, regional lymph nodes and liver by indirect immunofluorescence (if); inoculation site lesions were studied electron microscopically and circulating speci ...	1979	481561
a case of paracoccidioidal granuloma in norther nigeria.	a case of paracoccidioidal granuloma in northern nigeria is presented. the fungus could be cultured and identified as paracoccidioides brasiliensis. histology revealed a fungal lesion due to a yeast like organism. the patient responded to long acting sulphormethoxine (fanasil). a variation from the classic histopathological description and association of pustular psoriasiform lesions on the soles with a possibility of 'id' reaction to the fungus are discussed.	1979	537129
[study of yeast phase histoplasma capsulatum antigens used for skin tests].	the results of skin tests with two antigens of the yeast phase of histoplasma capsulatum are presented. both antigens were able to fix complement and form precipitating bands in the presence of sera from patients with active histoplasmosis. their sensitivity was lower than the metabolic antigen usually employed in serology. results of skin tests obtained with both yeast phase antigens and a standard histoplasmin coincided in animals infected with h. capsulatum. only one cross reaction was observ ...	1979	542887
blastomycosis of the colon resembling clinically ulcerative colitis.	an 8 year old brazilian girl had an infection, apparently confined to the large intestine, with paracoccidioides brasiliensis. the symptoms were diarrhoea with fresh blood and mucus, severe malnutrition, and a spastic and ulcerated colon. she is making good progress on co-trimoxazole.	1979	533701
liberation of protoplasts from the yeast-like form of paracoccidioides brasiliensis by enzymatic treatment.	spherical and osmotically sensitive protoplasts were released from cultures of the yeast-like form of paracoccidioides basilienisis strain ivic pb9 through the action of a mixture of crude enzyme preparations: alpha and beta-glucanases and chitinase, obtained from culture filtrates of cladosporium resinae, basidiomycete qm 806 and streptomyces sp respectively. the highest efficiency of protoplast liberation was achieved when each crude enzyme preparation was used at 1 mg/ml.	1979	531719
beta-1-3-glucanase and dimorphism in paracoccidioides brasiliensis.	mycelial and yeast forms of p. brasiliensis were tested for several glucohydrolases. in addition to high levels of beta-glucanases, low amounts of alpha-glucanase, chitinase and maltase were found. tests for invertase, amylase and lactase were negative. the levels of beta-1,3-glucanase were higher in the mycelial form. the shift to the mycelial phase correlated with an increase in the levels of beta-1,3-glucanase. the enzyme was present in the cytoplasm, cell wall and culture medium. the extrace ...	1979	40530
[peptide-polysaccharides isolated from the culture medium of the fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis pathogenic to man].	a peptido-polysaccharide isolated from the culture medium of paracoccidioides brasiliensis has been studied. the crude product is a mixture of several polysaccharides releasing, by hydrolysis glucose, mannose and galactose. the purified fraction contains mannose (88%) and galactose (12%). this galactomannan has a molecular weight varying between 4.6.10(4) and 2.6.10(4). it is associated with a peptide containing four amino-acids.	1980	6772325
sub-cellular localization of antigen e/2 of paracoccidioides brasiliensis. an immunoenzymatic electron microscopy study.		1980	7001650
studies on plating efficiency and estimation of viability of suspensions of paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast cells.	mild sonication was used to obtain single cell suspensions of paracoccidioides brasiliensis. these cells were intact by microscopic criteria. direct cell counts in a given inoculum and colony formation on various media were used to determine plating efficiency. sonicated and nonsonicated cell suspensions were used to study plating efficiency and to estimated viability by means of vital dyes. methylene blue erythrosin b, and janus green were unreliable when used with p. brasiliensis, but vital dy ...	1980	6156415
growth of paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast phase in a chemically defined culture medium.	a slight modification of the chemically defined medium of mcveigh and morton resulted in an excellent substratum for the cultivation of paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast phase.	1980	7229010
in vitro susceptibility testing of paracoccidioides brasiliensis to sulfonamides.	a total of 60 clinical isolates of paracoccidioides brasiliensis were tested for susceptibility to sulfadiazine and sulfadimethoxyne by the agar dilution technique. a modification of the mueller-hinton medium was devised which gave good growth of the yeast form. the minimum inhibitory concentrations for only 51.6% of the isolates were in the range of the recommended blood serum concentration (50 micrograms/ml). for 6 to 8% of the isolates, the minimum inhibitory concentrations were above 200 mic ...	1980	7416744
small forms and hyphae of paracoccidioides brasiliensis in human tissue.	a 53 year-old man had a three-year recurrent respiratory infection. no fungi was detected in sputum examinations. immunodiffusion test with paracoccidiodin revealed two precipitin bands. very small forms and hyphae of a fungus were seen on silver methenamine stained serial sections from lung's lesion. p. brasiliensis was identified on the basis of the rare multibudding small forms.	1980	7421979
lipid composition of paracoccidioides brasiliensis: comparison between the yeast and mycelial forms.	the total lipid extracted from the yeast form of paracoccidioides brasiliensis was twice as much as from the mycelial form. in both morphological forms neutral lipids were predominant and triglycerides were the greatest single component in the extracts. relative percentage of phospholipid was higher in y form than in m form. phosphatidylcholine was predominant in the former and phosphatidylethanolamine in the latter. diphosphatidylglycerol was the most unsaturated lipid in both the forms, and in ...	1980	7455860
defect of in vitro digestive ability of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in paracoccidioidomycosis.	selected functions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes were studied in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis (south american blastomycosis), in healthy control individuals, and in patients with diseases unrelated to paracoccidioidomycosis. patients with paracoccidioidomycosis were also evaluated by standard immunological techniques. phagocytosis and digestion of paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeastlike cells in vitro was estimated by an original method. it was based on the appearance of phagocytosed p ...	1980	6995312
ketoconazole in the treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis.	ketoconazole was given orally to 33 patients with paracoccidioidomycosis and 23 with histoplasmosis. there were 55 men and one woman, and ages ranged from 28 to 67 years. each patient had either the chronic disseminated or the chronic pulmonary form of disease. the diagnosis was established in 54 patients by culture of paracoccidioides brasiliensis or histoplasma capsulatum from lesions and in two patients by the clinical picture and results of serologic tests for histoplasmosis. the initial dos ...	1980	6255544
demonstration and quantification oomycosis.	using a radioimmunoassay technique, we have determined the total ige concentration and specific ige antibody level against paracoccidioides brasiliensis in the sera of patients with mycologically confirmed active paracoccidioidcosis. patients with aspergilloma, or individuals with antibodies against cadida albicans, and sera of apparently healthy individuals from the endemic area were also examined. the level of total ige was significantly elevated in 9 out of 10 cases of paracoccidioidomycosis. ...	1980	7390639
lipid composition of paracoccidioides brasiliensis: possible correlation with virulence of different strains.	the lipid content and composition of four strains of paracoccidioides brasiliensis were analysed to determine any possible correlation with their virulence for hamsters and mice. two strains, pb168 and pb141, were equal in virulence, pb9 was slightly virulent and pb140 was avirulent under the experimental conditions. no correlation was observed between virulence and the total lipid or phospholipid content of the strains. the lipid yield was highest in pb9 and lowest in pb168. polar lipids were h ...	1980	7391815
electrophoretic migration of paracoccidioides brasiliensis specific antigenic fraction.	using the technique of immunoelectroosmophoresis-immunodiffusion (ieop-id), two antigenic fractions of paracoccidioides brasiliensis one of them species-specific, produced precipitin bands in both the cathodic and anodic zones. reactions of complete identity among the bands formed in these zones were demonstrated by a modification of the technique, employing additional wells around the central antigen well. such bands would correspond to a simple diffusion of the corresponding antigenic fraction ...	1980	6780910
[paracoccidioidomycosis (south american blastomycosis)].	paracoccidioidomycosis (south american blastomycosis) is a severe deep mycosis that begins in the lungs, mouth and pharynx and can affect the whole organism through lymphatic and hematologic dissemination. it is caused by the fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis and occurs in warm and humid regions near large forest. the sulfonamides are very active and represent the therapy of choice. special cases are treated with amphotericin b.	1981	7239932
[intradermal tests and epidemiologic survey of south american blastomycosis].	this paper is part of the author's free-teaching theses presented in 1974, in which he has studied 436 persons not carriers of the b.s.a. and other diseases, resident in campos, conceição de macabu and quissamã (urban and rural zones). tests were applied in these patients by using standardized antigen of polysaccharide of paracoccidioides brasiliensis of histoplasmine. the author concluded that there has been existence of the b.s.a.-infection which means what is called "infekt". he emphasizes th ...	1981	7024678
survival of paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast cells under microaerophilic conditions.	the ability of p. brasiliensis yeast cells to withstand microaerophilic conditions was investigated in a liquid medium distributed in tall columns in screw-capped tubes. young cells of three isolates were inoculated on top of the medium, and the tubes were incubated aerobically and anaerobically at 36 degrees c for 28 days. the viability of cells that had sedimented to the bottoms of the tubes was studied by fluorescent microscopy and by their capacity to resume growth when transferred to fresh ...	1981	7034241
early diagnosis and prompt treatment by surgery in jorge lobo's disease (keloidal blastomycosis).	in 1931 the brazilian doctor jorge lobo examined a patient from the amazon basin who had nodular confluent skin lesions over the lumbosacral region and encountered a new fungus pathogenic for man paracoccidioides loboi. this classification was based on the morphological aspect of the parasite which was very similar to paracoccidioides brasiliensis the causative agent of a systemic mycosis paracoccidioidomycosis or south american blastomycosis. other authors use the name loboa loboi. the final de ...	1981	7242649
pathogenesis and immune response to paracoccidioides brasiliensis in the fructivorous bat, artibeus lituratus.	groups of neotropical bats (artibeus lituratus) were inoculated by the intraperitoneal or intranasal routes with varying doses of yeast phase paracoccidioides brasiliensis. bats infected with 10(6) viable yeast cells intraperitoneally developed fatal, disseminated disease, with delayed hypersensitivity appearing within 2 weeks. no precipitating antibodies were detected up to 7 weeks post-exposure. after intranasal instillation of 10(5) viable p. brasiliensis, the disease spread from the lung to ...	1981	7292205
ultrastructural studies on the dimorphism of paracoccidioides brasiliensis, blastomyces dermatitidis and histoplasma capsulatum.	whole cells or cell walls of the yeastlike and mycelial forms of paracoccidioides brasiliensis, blastomyces dermatitidis and histoplasma capsulatum were treated successively with sodium hydroxide, beta-1,3-glucanase and pronase. the microfibrils in the insoluble residues, probably composed of chitin, were examined in the electron microscope. in the yeastlike form, tightly interwoven, randomly oriented microfibrils were seen. on the other hand, in the mycelial form, a large portion of microfibril ...	1981	7323909
recovery of paracoccidioides brasiliensis from a partially calcified lymph node lesion by microaerophilic incubation of liquid media.	surgical specimens were obtained from a patient who had had life-threatening paracoccidioidomycosis 5 years previously. residual lesions were found in the mesenteric lymph nodes; there were areas of caseous necrosis separated from the surrounding tissue by a fibrous capsule made of connective tissue. abundant p. brasiliensis cells, many of which appeared degenerated, were observed in the necrotic material. primary isolation was possible only under the microaerophilic conditions offered by fluid ...	1981	7034240
acid phosphatase observed in the intramembranous system of the yeast-like phase of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.		1981	6165890
new, special stain for histopathological diagnosis of cryptococcosis.	the masson-fontana silver stain for melanin was employed for the differentiation of pathogenic fungal species in human or mouse tissues. the fungi studied were candida albicans, candida tropicalis, candida glabrata (torulopsis glabrata), cryptococcus neoformans, cryptococcus bacillisporus, coccidioides immitis, blastomyces dermatitidis, histoplasma capsulatum, paracoccidioides brasiliensis, sporothrix schenckii, rhizopus rhizopodiformis, and aspergillus fumigatus. the tissue sections stained wit ...	1981	6162857
ultrastructural changes produced by ketoconazole in the yeast-like phase of paracoccidioides brasiliensis and histoplasma capsulatum.	the ultrastructural changes produced by ketoconazole in the yeast-phase of h. capsulatum and p. brasiliensis were studied by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. the observed alterations on both fungi were very similar to those induced by the same drug on the ultrastructure of c. albicans. these alterations include surface changes, abnormal membrane proliferation, fatty degeneration of the cytoplasm and lysis of the subcellular organelles. p. brasiliensis seems to be more sens ...	1981	6264302
experimental paracoccidioidomycosis in immunosuppressed mice.	mice were immunosuppressed by means of wholebody irradiation or cyclophosphamide, in order to investigate the influence on the initial phase of infection induced by a strain of the fungus, paracoccidioides brasiliensis, in the yeast phase and inoculated intraperitoneally. a group of mice was irradiated with 600 rad (cobalt gamma-irradiation) 24 h before infection. two groups were treated with cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg intravenously), one two days before, and the other, one day after infection. ...	1982	6218076
experimental paracoccidioidomycosis in the syrian hamster. morphology and correlation of lesions with humoral and cell-mediated immunity.	male hamsters (105) received intratesticular injection of suspension of a live yeast phase culture of paracoccidioides brasiliensis and were sacrificed weekly during 20 weeks. humoral immunity was studied by the agar-gel immunodiffusion (id) and indirect immunofluorescence (if) tests. cell-mediated immunity was determined by the macrophage migration inhibition test in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (pha) and paracoccidioides brasiliensis soluble antigen (pbag). the morphology of the lesions ...	1982	6214717
a cytochemical study of golgi associated thiamine pyrophosphatase in the yeast phase of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.		1982	6129062
significance of immunological methods for diagnosis of fungal disease.	in the diagnosis of classical systemic mycoses, as caused by blastomyces dermatidis, coccidioides immitis, histoplasma capsulatum and paracoccidioides brasiliensis, serodiagnostic procedures in conjunction with skin tests are of significant diagnostic and prognostic value. the diagnosis of aspergillus mycosis is facilitated greatly by serological tests and the same is true for recognition of cryptococcus mycosis by means of serological detection of the cryptococcal antigen. great progress has al ...	1982	7035091
experimental pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis in mice: morphology and correlation of lesions with humoral and cellular immune response.	the present paper describes a murine model for pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis injecting 6 x 10(5) yeast forms of paracoccidioides brasiliensis (pb) by the direct intratracheal route. the sequential histopathology of lung and dissemination lesions together with humoral (immunodiffusion test) and cellular immune response (footpad test and macrophage inhibition factor assay - mif assay) were investigated since the 1st to the 360th day after infection. all infected animal showed pulmonary pbmycosi ...	1982	7040974
isolation and wall analysis of dimorphic mutants of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.	nitrosoguanidine treatment of paracoccidioides brasiliensis strain ivic pb73 induced a set of mutants affected in their ability to complete dimorphism. some did not transform to the typical mycelial form, while others did not grow as yeasts. these mutants were preliminarily characterized by microscopic observations and the study of some of their properties: optimal growth temperature, nutritional requirements, virulence and cell wall analyses. comparison of these properties allowed the classific ...	1982	7064047
host defense against experimental paracoccidioidomycosis.	an experimental model for the study of paracoccidioidomycosis was established in balb/c mice. both normal and athymic nu/nu animals were challenged intraperitoneally and intratracheally with yeastlike cells of paracoccidioides brasiliensis. after challenge, all immunologically intact (+/+) mice survived, whereas nu/nu mice gradually succumbed. the latter had focal peritoneal, liver, spleen, and lung lesions consisting of p. brasiliensis with inflammation, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, ...	1982	7081817
[comparative study of glucan synthetase activity in 2 strains of paracoccidioides brasiliensis].		1982	6226168
effect of detergents on membrane-associated glucan synthetase from paracoccidioides brasiliensis.	yeast and mycelial particulate preparations of paracoccidioides brasiliensis were subjected to the action of several detergents in an attempt to solubilize the glucan synthetase present in these preparations. this was achieved more successfully in the yeast membranes than in the mycelial ones. the enzymatic activity was greatly stimulated in the insoluble fractions upon treatment with some of the detergents used. the results suggest that the yeast and mycelial phases of p. brasiliensis may diffe ...	1982	6215394
variability of cell wall composition in paracoccidioides brasiliensis: a study of two strains.	a human isolate (ivic pb73) of paracoccidioides brasiliensis and a mutant strain (ivic pb219) derived from pb73 were studied with regard to their cell wall composition. differences were found between these strains and the only other strain (ivic pb9) previously studied from this point of view. besides the expected beta-1,3-linkages, beta-1,2-bonds were also found in the alkali-insoluble glucan of both the parental and the mutant strains in the yeast forms, a rather uncommon linkage in fungal glu ...	1982	7064046
comparison of various techniques for determining viability of paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast-form cells.	the viability of paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast-form cells was determined by colony-forming units, direct fluorescent staining, and production of germ tubes in slide culture. the first procedure was unreliable and time consuming; the latter two showed better correlation with hemacytometer total cell counts and required significantly less time.	1982	7107858
isolation and partial characterization of a growth inhibitor of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.	a lethal diffusible metabolite excreted by the yeastlike form of paracoccidioides brasiliensis was isolated, purified, and partially characterized. the chemical structure of this metabolite suggested a relation to the phenol or benzoic acid families. the lethal effect on p. brasiliensis could not be attributed specifically to interference with synthesis of macromolecules, but probably through protein denaturation. this lack of specificity discounts its possible use as an antibiotic.	1982	7112337
synergistic interaction of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole on paracoccidioides brasiliensis.	the in vitro interaction of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole on clinical isolates of paracoccidioides brasiliensis was studied. with complete inhibition and a visual endpoint used as the criteria, three of four strains had minimal inhibitory concentrations that indicated resistance to sulfamethoxazole, and all four strains were resistant to trimethoprim. a marked synergism in inhibition was noted with the combination of these drugs against sulfa-resistant strains. a sulfamethoxazole/trimethopri ...	1982	7103462
estradiol binds to a receptor-like cytosol binding protein and initiates a biological response in paracoccidioides brasiliensis.	paracoccidioidomycosis, a disease caused by paracoccidioides brasiliensis, which is endemic to latin america, is much more common in men than women, suggesting a role for hormonal factors. we recently showed that two other yeasts possess steroid binding proteins and postulated that these receptor-like molecules represented a mechanism by which the hormonal milieu of the host might influence an infecting pathogen. therefore, we examined p. brasiliensis for a sex steroid binding protein. because t ...	1983	6584880
granuloma formation and killing functions of granuloma in congenitally athymic nude mice infected with blastomyces dermatitidis and paracoccidioides brasiliensis.	we did this experiment to clarify the mechanism of granuloma formation and the killing functions of granuloma in nude mice against blastomyces dermatitidis and paracoccidioides brasiliensis infections. b. dermatitidis a-295 and p. brasiliensis b-1183 were the cultures used. congenitally athymic nude (nu/nu) mice and their heterozygous (nu/+) littermates of balb/c background were the test animals. from culture a-295, 0.1% and 1% cell suspensions (wet weight) were prepared and from culture b-1183 ...	1983	6888503
indirect fluorescent test for detection of anti-paracoccidioides brasiliensis antibodies using coated bentonite particles as antigen.	an indirect fluorescent test was developed for detecting antibodies to paracoccidioides brasiliensis using bentonite particles as antigen (bent-if). the bentonite particles were coated with p. brasiliensis polysaccharide antigen and tested with sera from paracoccidioidomycosis patients (36 sera), normal blood donors (32 sera) and patients with non-mycotic diseases (29 sera). the titres given by the positive sera were compared with those of complement fixation (cf), immunodiffusion (id) and immun ...	1983	6408769
exoantigen tests for the immunoidentification of fungal cultures.	exoantigen tests for the immunoidentification of fungal pathogens are playing a new and significant role in the diagnostic laboratory. properly performed and controlled exoantigen tests lead to rapid, accurate identification of cultures of many fungal pathogens. the tests are particularly valuable in identifying dimorphic pathogens that are difficult to convert or with atypical cultures. we review the value of exoantigen tests for identifying mycelial form fungi: aspergillus spp. blastomyces der ...	1983	6410243
distribution of a corticosteroid-binding protein in candida and other fungal genera.	using [3h]corticosterone as a probe, corticosteroid-binding protein (cbp) was detected in eight out of eight isolates of candida albicans, of both a and b serotypes. the apparent dissociation constant (kd) in the various isolates ranged between 8 and 19 nm; the binding capacity varied from 122 to over 2400 fmol (mg cytosol protein)-1. there was no correlation between the amount or affinity of cbp and isolate virulence for murine hosts. further analysis revealed demonstrable cbp in six out of six ...	1983	6355389
a possible case of lôbo's disease acquired in europe from a bottle-nosed dolphin (tursiops truncatus).	a granuloma of the skin of one hand, accompanied by supratrochlear lymphadenitis, became evident about 3 months after the patient, an aquarium attendant, had had occupational contact, in europe, with a bottle-nosed dolphin (tursiops truncatus). the dolphin, when caught in the bay of biscay, had granulomas of the skin: yeast-like organisms, morphologically indistinguishable from loboa loboi, were found in a biopsy specimen. identical organisms were present in the attendant's skin lesion and supra ...	1983	6231133
[south american blastomycosis. apropos of new cases].	twenty-seven cases of south american blastomycosis are reported. pulmonary lesions predominate and the diagnosis rests on the findings of paracoccidioides brasiliensis in sputum and tissues. serological examinations (complement fixation and immunodiffusion) are also useful. treatment includes sulphonamides, imidazole derivatives and, in cases resistant to these drugs, amphotericin b. surgery is limited to abscesses, bone lesions and bronchial stenoses.	1983	6622352
[ultrastructure of paracoccidioides brasiliensis. i. - in the mycelial phase].		1983	6658297
[ultrastructure of paracoccidioides brasiliensis. ii. - in the yeast phase].		1983	6658298
relationship of progesterone- and estradiol-binding proteins in coccidioides immitis to coccidioidal dissemination in pregnancy.	pregnancy is a major risk factor for coccidioidal dissemination. because rates of coccidioides immitis growth and endospore release are stimulated in vitro by levels of unbound progesterone and 17 beta-estradiol that are achievable, in vivo, in the sera of pregnant women (i.e., 10(-9) to 10(-8) m), a specific-hormone-binding system in c. immitis was sought. fungal cytosols were incubated with tritiated steroids plus or minus radioinert steroids to identify specific binding systems. all five stra ...	1983	6188699
paracoccidioidomycosis in silica-treated rats.	an attempt is made to evaluate the importance of macrophages in the early local reaction to infection caused by the fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis. with this purpose, an attempt was made to impair macrophagic activity in the site of the fungal inoculum, by means of previous injections of silica. twenty male rats were intraperitoneally infected with yeast cells of the fungus. ten of the rats were injected intraperitoneally with silica particles twice, namely 24 and 4 h before the infection. ...	1983	6321332
detection of fungi in cerebrospinal fluid.	with the exception of cryptococcus neoformans, fungi are rarely detected in cerebrospinal fluid obtained from patients having or suspected of having fungal meningitis. a review of the literature reveals that several fungi have been either isolated, observed, or both in cerebrospinal fluid specimens. these fungi include acremonium species, aspergillus amstelodami, a. flavus, a. fumigatus, a. oryzae, a. terreus, blastomyces dermatitidis, candida albicans, c. tropicalis, c. viswanathii, coccidioide ...	1983	6349340
molecular aspects of fungal dimorphism.	the approach to this article will be the review of experimental developments achieved in recent years in the fields of biochemistry, molecular biology, ultrastructure, etc. and that have suggested models and hypothesis in order to understand the regulation of the molecular mechanisms involved in fungal differentiation. since fungal dimorphism has been seen by many investigators as a useful model of differentiation in eukaryotic systems, and also because of the prevalence of dimorphism among huma ...	1984	6329600
paracoccidioidomycosis in the immunosuppressed host: report of a case and review of the literature.	a case of reactivated paracoccidioidomycosis in an immunosuppressed host is described, the first association of this disease with renal transplantation. his presentation and clinical course was similar to the general experience with this mycosis. his response to ketoconazole was delayed when compared with that in non-immunosuppressed patients. ketoconazole produced a dramatic resolution of all symptoms within 7 months. serial determinations of paracoccidioides complement fixing antibodies showed ...	1984	6320699
specificity of antigens from pathogenic aspergillus species. i. studies with elisa and immunofluorescence.	studies were made by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) tests on the reactivities and specificities of 13 antigens prepared from four species of aspergillus against antisera from immunized rabbits and 64 sera from patients with aspergillosis, other systemic mycoses and nocardiosis. although reactions in both serological tests were invariably strongest with homologous antigen: antibody systems, antisera from rabbits immunized with a. fumigatus, blast ...	1984	6209813
immunoenzymatic absorption test for serodiagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis.	a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is described for paracoccidioidomycosis serodiagnosis, with antigen represented by filtrates from paracoccidioides brasiliensis cultures. cross-reactivities were, however, observed with sera from patients with other mycoses such as histoplasmosis, lobomycosis, cryptococcosis, candidiasis, and sporotrichosis. these cross-reactions did not occur when we used as antigen yarzabal e2 component prepared by affinity fractionation of the culture filtrates. s ...	1984	6746881
in vitro susceptibility of paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast form to antifungal agents.		1984	6100138
comparison of the cell walls of paracoccidioides loboi and paracoccidioides brasiliensis by using polysaccharide-binding dyes.	biopsies from patients with jorge lobo's disease (keloid blastomycosis) and paracoccidioidomycosis (south american blastomycosis), caused respectively by paracoccidioides loboi a non-cultivated fungus and paracoccidioides brasiliensis, were stained with six different dyes having the property of forming complexes with some polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. the cell-walls of both fungi showed similar staining characteristics, suggesting a similar chemical structure. the role of the fungal cell ...	1984	6207130
chemical changes in cell wall structure of five strains of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.	differences in cell wall structure of paracoccidioides brasiliensis strains isolated from localized or disseminated cases of paracoccidioidomycosis and from soil emphasize the importance of standardization if results obtained in different laboratories are to be compared.	1984	6463809
titration of antibodies to paracoccidioides brasiliensis by erythro-immunoassay (eia).	the erythro-immunoassay, a new serological procedure in which a hybrid antibody conjugate is able to bind erythrocytes, was used for the titration of antibodies against p. brasiliensis in sera from patients with paracoccidioidomycosis. a peptide-polysaccharide and a lyophilized yeast culture filtrate of p. brasiliensis were used as antigens. absorption with dead candida albicans whole cells was necessary to decrease cross reactions observed with heterologous sera. erythro-immunoassay provides a ...	1984	6367099
serology of paracoccidioidomycosis. ii. correlation between class-specific antibodies and clinical forms of the disease.	untreated and previously treated patients with paracoccidioidomycosis were studied for: (i) serum levels of total igg, igm and iga immunoglobulins, by radial immunodiffusion and paracoccidioides brasiliensis (pb) antibodies, by indirect immunofluorescence; (ii) correlation between their levels with the clinical forms of the disease; (iii) correlation between the serum titres obtained by tube precipitin with those of anti-pb igg, igm and iga. in the untreated group, serum igg levels were signific ...	1984	6390804
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in the paracoccidioidomycosis. comparison with counterimmunoelectrophoresis and erythro-immunoassay.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detection and quantification of antibodies anti-paracoccidioides brasiliensis is described. polystyrene plates have been used as solid phase to absorb p. brasiliensis metabolic yeast phase antigen. twenty sera of proven paracoccidioidomycosis, 11 of histoplasmosis due histoplasma capsulatum, 20 of aspergillosis and 20 human normal sera were tested. ninety-five percent of the paracoccidioidomycosis sera had o.d. superior to 0.150 (from 0.163 to 2.6 ...	1984	6392888
skin and pulmonary models using coated bentonite particles for the study of the inflammation evoked by paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigens in previously immunized mice.	bentonite particles coated with polysaccharide antigen or crude soluble antigen of paracoccidioides brasiliensis were injected intradermally or intravenously in mice. in control animals that were not pre-immunized with p. brasiliensis antigens, coated and uncoated bentonite caused minimal and nonspecific inflammation around the cutaneous injection site or around the bentonite thrombi in small lung vessels after intravenous injection. however, in mice previously immunized with p. brasiliensis ant ...	1984	6523307
effect of temperature on the mycelium to yeast transformation of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.	the influence of temperature on paracoccidioides brasiliensis mycelium to yeast transformation was studied by sequential microscopic observations of slide cultures. when incubated at temperatures above 28 degrees c, the mycelial elements gradually produced round to oval chlamydospores and later on, exhibited multiple budding. a sizeable proportion of mycelial elements transformed at 34 degrees c; however, multiple budding was important only at 37 degrees c.	1984	6523309
growth characteristics of the yeast phase of paracoccidioides brasiliensis in a chemically defined medium.	the growth of four clinical strains of paracoccidioides brasiliensis was investigated using the chemically defined medium of mcveigh and morton. emphasis was placed upon controlling conditions of inoculum preparation, age of inoculum used, and the homogeneity of samples used for analysis. the medium was evaluated for its ability to support growth of the yeast phase of p. brasiliensis at 37 degrees c. cultures were followed for 240 h and growth patterns were determined by measuring optical densit ...	1984	6527125
in vitro effects of natural killer cells against paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast phase.	recently, data have been reported suggesting natural killer (nk) cells may function in natural resistance against a fungus, cryptococcus neoformans. the primary objective of this study was to examine the reactivity of murine splenic cells against another fungus, paracoccidioides brasiliensis. levels of nk activity in effector cell pools were varied by: (i) removing nylon wool-adherent cells, (ii) fractionating splenic cells on percoll discontinuous gradients, (iii) using old and young effector c ...	1984	6500701
murine model of paracoccidioidomycosis. production of fatal acute pulmonary or chronic pulmonary and disseminated disease: immunological and pathological observations.	a model of fatal acute pulmonary or chronic pulmonary and disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis was developed by intranasal challenge of young (3-4-week-old) mice with high doses (2.5-10 x 10(7) units) or low doses (0.1-1 x 10(7)) of yeast-phase paracoccidioides brasiliensis. fatal acute paracoccidioidomycosis was dose dependent; 10, 5, and 2.5 x 10(7) viable units of p. brasiliensis produced 100%, 66%, and 17% mortality, respectively, within 11 days. the pathologic picture was that of consolidati ...	1984	6599939
pulmonary cytology in paracoccidioidomycosis.	paracoccidioidomycosis caused by the fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a common endemic deep mycosis in brazil and other latin american countries; the lungs are frequently involved with suppurative and granulomatous inflammation. with the aim of using pulmonary cytology as a diagnostic tool in paracoccidioidomycosis, the cytologic findings in 127 sputa, 4 bronchial washings and 2 bronchial aspirates from 45 patients with the mycosis were reviewed. smears from all samples were stained by th ...	1984	6385592
chronic murine paracoccidioidomycosis: effect of ketoconazole on clearance of paracoccidioides brasiliensis and immune response.	in a murine model of chronic pulmonary and disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis, ketoconazole (100 mg kg-1 in 0.3% agar) given by gavage twice daily for 1 or 2 months enabled all mice to clear disseminated paracoccidioides brasiliensis from the spleen. clearance of p. brasiliensis from the lungs was more difficult, and was achieved in 60% of the mice treated for 2 months. sera from agar-treated control mice at days 77 and 103 post-infection demonstrated precipitating antibodies to p. brasiliensis ...	1984	6095472
the effect of ketoconazole on experimental paracoccidioidomycosis in the syrian hamster: immunological and histopathological study.	the effect of ketoconazole (ktz) on the hamster experimental intratesticular paracoccidioidomycosis was studied employing different treatment schedules. ktz long course treatment beginning at an early stage of the infection was effective in preventing fungal proliferation, dissemination to lymph nodes, spleen and kidneys, and in maintaining low levels of humoral and cellular specific immune responses. ktz short course treatment starting at an advanced stage of disease resulted in a more severe h ...	1984	6098832
rapid and reliable method for production of a specific paracoccidioides brasiliensis immunodiffusion test antigen.	previously published methods to produce paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigens for serological tests have yielded antigens of inconsistent quality and have involved the use of special semisynthetic media and growth periods of 1 to 3 months to yield suitable reagents. a simple procedure that uses commercially available potato glucose agar and either sabhi broth (difco laboratories) or trypticase soy broth (bbl microbiology systems) inoculated with the mycelial form of p. brasiliensis consistently ...	1984	6425358
effect of levamisole on experimental paracoccidioidomycosis in the syrian hamster: immunologic and histopathologic correlation.	the effect of levamisole (lms) was studied in hamsters inoculated with live yeast phase culture of paracoccidioides brasiliensis by intratesticular route. one group started lms therapy at an early stage of infection (lms3 group), when the animals were immunocompetent, and another group was treated in a later stage, when the immune response was already depressed (lms12 group). as control, one group was not treated. the alterations induced by levamisole were studied by immunologic and histopatholo ...	1984	6425694
estrogens inhibit mycelium-to-yeast transformation in the fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis: implications for resistance of females to paracoccidioidomycosis.	evidence that disease due to the thermally dimorphic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis occurs post-puberty predominantly in males led us to hypothesize that hormonal factors critically affect its pathogenesis. we show here that estrogens inhibit mycelial- to yeast-form transformation of p. brasiliensis in vitro. transformation of three isolates was inhibited to 71, 33, and 19% of the control values in the presence of 10(-10), 10(-8), and 10(-6) m 17 beta-estradiol, respectively. the synthetic ...	1984	6500694
magnetic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (melisa) for determination of specific igg in paracoccidioidomycosis.	a magnetic solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (melisa) for quantification of igg antibodies to somatic and metabolic antigens of paracoccidioides brasiliensis was developed. activation of magnetic polyacrylamide agarose beads with concanavalin a was superior to glutaraldehyde activation, and test sensitivity was higher for somatic than for metabolic antigens. comparative melisa, counterimmunoelectrophoresis and erythroimmunoassay tests with sera from 33 proven cases of paracoccidioido ...	1984	6438813
toxic effect of products of oxidative metabolism on the yeast form of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.	the effectiveness of toxic oxygen metabolites in killing the yeast form of paracoccidioides brasiliensis (the form that occurs in host tissues) was studied with a fluorescence method in vitro. the two isolates studied were similar in susceptibility and h2o2 alone was lethal with an ld50 of 15-25 mm. the addition of halide (5 x 10(-4) m) augmented the lethality of h2o2 and in that setting h2o2 was c.90% lethal at 5 x 10(-5) m. killing was most effective in the presence of peroxidase, when only 5 ...	1984	6502679
paracoccidioides brasiliensis arthritis. report of a case and review of the literature.	a case of paracoccidioides brasiliensis arthritis is presented. emphasis on early diagnosis and treatment is made. natives of endemic areas for paracoccidioides could present elsewhere with dissemination of this disease.	1985	4032408
a paracoccidioides brasiliensis polysaccharide having granuloma-inducing, toxic and macrophage-stimulating activity.	the occurrence of a polysaccharide fraction of paracoccidioides brasiliensis cell wall with toxic, granuloma-inducing and macrophage-stimulating activities was demonstrated. after fractionation of the lipid-extracted wall with 1 m-naoh, three fractions were obtained: (1) an alkali-insoluble fraction; (2) an alkali-soluble, acid-insoluble fraction and (3) an alkali-soluble, acid-soluble fraction. when the three fractions were injected into mice only fraction (1) was able to induce chronic lung in ...	1985	4045421
susceptibility and resistance of inbred mice to paracoccidioides brasiliensis.	nine different inbred strains of mice inoculated intraperitoneally with yeast cells of paracoccidioides brasiliensis showed significantly varying patterns of susceptibility. the a/sn strain was found to be the most resistant, while biod2/nsn, bio.a and biod2/osn the most susceptible strains. these susceptibility differences were not dependent on the size of challenge inocula and sex of animals. all strains studied showed a mean survival time proportional to the size of inocula used. although alm ...	1985	4063162
[initial isolation of paracoccidioides brasiliensis in panama].		1985	3895308
the ecology of paracoccidioides brasiliensis: a puzzle still unsolved.	some aspects pertaining to the ecology of the dimorphic fungus, paracoccidioides brasiliensis, are reviewed. the available facts concerning the interactions among the only known host (man), the environment (limited to certain latin-american countries) and the parasite (with an unknown habitat), are analysed. efforts are made to detect clue circumstances which may lead to discovery of the fungus micro-niche. an analysis of p. brasiliensis mycelial form reveals that such a form has the required ca ...	1985	3906945
paracoccidioides brasiliensis: cell wall glucans, pathogenicity, and dimorphism.		1985	3916768
[purification of somatic antigens of paracoccidioides brasiliensis. preliminary study].		1985	3937207
[production and standardization of paracoccidioides brasiliensis, histoplasma capsulatum and aspergillus fumigatus antigens to be used in immunodiagnosis. comparison between immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis].	soluble antigens (ag) from paracoccidioides brasiliensis, histoplasma capsulatum and aspergillus fumigatus were prepared and standardized by double immunodiffusion (did) and immunoelectroosmophoresis (ieop). no difference in sensitivity was observed between the two techniques; 100% of standard patient sera were positive with p. brasiliensis and a. fumigatus ag and 83.3% were positive with h. capsulatum ag. the specificity of the tests was verified testing 96 sera from patients with paracoccidioi ...	1985	3939250
cyclic adenosine 3',5' monophosphate (camp) and dimorphism in the pathogenic fungus paracoccidioides brasiliensis.	exogenous camp or its analogs inhibit the mycelium transformation of yeast and induce bulging of the apex of mycelia. but intracellular camp levels of yeast and mycelial cells are not significantly different.	1985	3001525
in vivo and in vitro characteristics of six paracoccidioides brasiliensis strains.	the yeast-like forms of six p. brasiliensis strains were characterized and compared using in vitro (growth curve determination) and in vivo (pathogenicity to sensitive inbred mice) criteria. strains pb 18 and pb 265 which behaved similarly in vitro, showing low counts of fungi and long mean generation times, were respectively the most and the least pathogenic strains. strains pb 2052 and ivic pb 267, which grow abundantly in vitro were, respectively virulent and avirulent. strains pb sn and ivic ...	1985	4088290
characteristics of the conidia produced by the mycelial form of paracoccidioides brasiliensis.	the sporulation capacities of the mycelial form of paracoccidioides brasiliensis were determined. five different culture media were used and four human isolates studied. conidia were produced in three agar media, namely water-agar, glucose-salts and yeast-extract. corn meal and sabouraud dextrose agars failed to induce sporulation. various types of spores were characterized with peculiar bulging arthroconidia and single-celled, pear-shaped conidia predominating. the size of these conidia varied ...	1985	4095647
scanning electron microscopic studies of paracoccidioides brasiliensis in the yeast phase.	scanning electron microscopy of four different paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolates in the yeast phase revealed that mother cells generating multiple, spherically shaped buds may be firmly or tenuously associated with their progeny whereas elongated buds remain attached to the mother cell through stem-like structures and may represent early stages of hypha formation. the yeast cell surfaces were covered with a delicate network of microfibrillar components.	1985	4095649
imported paracoccidioidomycosis: a public health problem in non-endemic areas.	diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis in an immigrant who had returned to italy following a long sojourn in venezuela prompted a review of imported cases of this latin american disease in nonendemic countries. forty-two such instances of well-documented paracoccidioidomycosis were complied. among these, eleven individuals had arrived in nonendemic countries with active symptomatic infections, fifteen others were first suspected of having tuberculosis, and four each were considered to have blastomy ...	1985	3842116
preparation and use of cytoplasmic antigens for the serodiagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis.	a cytoplasmic antigen of paracoccidioides brasiliensis (strain mtc) prepared from the yeast phase grown in the chemically defined medium of mcveigh and morton is described. this antigen can be easily prepared, does not vary from lot to lot, and can be lyophilized without loss of activity or potency. in the immunodiffusion test, the cytoplasmic antigen demonstrated a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 100% when tested against 218 sera from 139 cases of paracoccidioidomycosis. when 177 sera f ...	1985	2410446
treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis with itraconazole in a murine model.	a new triazole, itraconazole, was studied as oral therapy of paracoccidioidomycosis in a murine model. the paracoccidioides brasiliensis isolate, susceptible to itraconazole in vitro, was given by intranasal challenge, producing acute pulmonary and disseminated disease. therapy was given twice daily over 4 weeks, and animals observed over 2 months. the infection was lethal for 70-80% of controls (untreated or polyethylene glycol diluent), whereas all treated animals, given 10-200 mg kg-1 day-1, ...	1985	3014164
a novel method for estimating killing ability and digestion of paracoccidioides brasiliensis by phagocytic cells in vitro.	we describe a novel method by which phagocytosis, digestion and killing of paracoccidioides brasiliensis yeast cells by polymorphonuclear leukocytes or other phagocytic cells may be estimated simultaneously. suspensions of p. brasiliensis (yeast-like phase) were sonicated, counted and incubated at 37 degrees c with known numbers of phagocytes. control preparations contained no phagocytic cells. at given intervals samples were incorporated into gelatin nutrient medium and droplets of the mixtures ...	1985	2413556
pmn chemotactic factor produced by glass-adherent cells in the acute inflammation caused by paracoccidioides brasiliensis.	intraperitoneal inoculation of bio.a mice with p. brasiliensis induces an acute inflammatory infiltrate in which 40-50% of the cells are pmn leucocytes. previous depletion of serotonin, prostaglandin, histamine and complement does not alter the course of inflammation. complement-derived factors appear to have no active participation in the process since c5-deficient mice depleted or not by cobra venom factor (cof) show the same kind of cellular influx. on the other hand, peritoneal cells incubat ...	1985	3882118
correlation between cell-mediated immunity and clinical forms of paracoccidioidomycosis.	cellular immune response to specific and non-specific stimulants was investigated, both in vivo and in vitro, in 29 healthy controls and in 53 previously untreated patients with the chronic isolated organic form (ciof), the chronic mixed form (cmf) and the acute progressive form (apf) of paracoccidioidomycosis. the study included skin tests to paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigen (pbag) and phytohaemagglutinin (pha), dncb sensitization, determination of t lymphocytes and complement rosette-form ...	1985	3832489
liquid nitrogen cryopreservation of paracoccidioides brasiliensis in fava's netto medium.		1985	3836333
a yeast-derived antigen from paracoccidioides brasiliensis useful for serologic testing.	antigens prepared from p. brasiliensis yeast cells subjected to ultrasonic treatment proved reliable in the serological diagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis. detection of antibodies was possible in over 90% from paracoccidioidomycosis patients in tests with agar gel immunodiffusion and counterimmunoelectrophoresis. specificity was high and only histoplasmosis sera produced cross reactions, albeit at a lower frequency (10%). the new antigens compared favorably to the standard yeast culture filtrat ...	1985	3922069