Publications

midgut and viral associated proteases of heliothis armigera.	the role played by the gut juice of insects in the infective process of insect viruses was examined. analysis of larval gut extract of heliothis armigera by sds-page revealed protease activity associated with components of molecular weights 48,000 and 94,000. proteases were found to be associated with occlusion bodies and virions of both nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) and cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) infecting h. armigera. cpv occlusion bodies were dissolved by gut juice extract at ph ...	1983	6337972
the effects of s-adenosyl methionine (adomet) and its analogues on the control of transcription and translation in vitro of the mrna products of two cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses.	s-adenosyl methionine (adomet) and several structurally related compounds were added to in vitro systems for the synthesis of single-stranded rna by cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) types 1 and 2. the effects of these compounds were examined on the level of transcription and methylation of the rna products. of the compounds tested, five increased the polymerase activity in both viruses, the most effective being the d- and l-stereoisomers of s-adenosyl homocysteine (adohcy), and the least eff ...	1983	6359667
[cross transmission of a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus in the genus dendrolimus].		1983	6367220
chemical synthesis of the 5'-terminal part bearing cap structure of messenger rna of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv): m7g5'pppampg and m7g5'pppampgpu.	the 5'-terminal structures of mrna bearing the so-called 'cap' from cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv), m7g5' pppampg and m7g5' pppampgpu, were first chemically synthesized. s,s-di(4-methoxyphenyl) n6-benzoyl-2'-o-methyladenosine 5'-phosphorodithioate ((ars) 2pabmz) was prepared by phosphorylation of the 5'-hydroxyl group of n6-benzoyl-2'-o-methyladenosine with s,s-di(4-methoxyphenyl) phosphorodithioate by tps. by the triester approach using (ars) 2pabmz as starting material, the protected din ...	1984	6369253
characterization of a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus infecting manduca sexta.	a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) infecting manduca sexta was characterized. the genome consisted of ten equimolar rna segments ranging in estimated molecular mass from 0.7 to 3.84 mdaltons and with a total estimated molecular mass of 21.75 mdaltons . the sizes of the individual rna segments provisionally placed this cpv within the type 8 classification of payne and rivers. the polyhedrin protein had an estimated molecular mass of 28 kdaltons . six virion-associated proteins were observed, ...	1984	6373659
comparison of the virus-associated polymerases of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus types 1 and 2.	a detailed comparison was made of the virus-associated polymerase activities of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) types 1 and 2 which had previously been shown to differ in their response to the methyl donor s-adenosyl-l-methionine (adomet). while the type 1 cpv polymerase was approximately twice as active as the type 2 cpv enzyme in the presence of adomet, temperature, ph and divalent cation optima of the two enzymes were similar. both viruses synthesized in vitro single-stranded rna copies ...	1984	6384129
protein synthesis in a lymantria dispar cell line infected by cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus.	the efficiency of replication of a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus isolated from a member of the order lepidoptera, euxoa scandens, was studied in eight different lepidopterean cell lines. lymantria dispar cells, which were found to support viral replication, more efficiently, were used to follow the kinetics of appearance of viral-specific polypeptides by a 2-h pulse with [(35)s]methionine. five polypeptides (ca. 120,000 molecular weight [120k], 105k, 66k, 46k, and 28k) were identified as compon ...	1984	16789251
gene assignments of a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (type 2) from nymphalis io.	the 10 double stranded (ds) rnas from cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (type 2) from nymphalis io have been separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fractionated into separate genes. separate and total dsrna were denatured using methyl mercury, and translated in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate. translation of unfractionated rna generated proteins that comigrated with virion and polyhedral structural proteins and six major non-structural proteins. translation of individual rnas, demonstrate ...	1985	3892233
electrophoretic separation of the plus and minus strands of rotavirus sa11 double-stranded rnas.	the genome of the rotaviruses consists of eleven segments of completely double-stranded rna (dsrna). to provide a method for separating and identifying the complementary plus and minus strand rnas within these segments, we have characterized their migration patterns under denaturing conditions on agarose-urea gels. virion-derived 3h-labelled dsrnas were resolved by electrophoresis on a polyacrylamide gel and the individual genome segments recovered by electroelution. upon electrophoresis in a lo ...	1986	3016018
the protein subunits of the double-stranded rna dependent rna polymerase and methyltransferase of the cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus of silkworm, bombyx mori.	the particles of cpv of silkworm contain double-stranded rna polymerase and methyltransferase. it was reported in a previous paper that the genome-enzyme complex could be isolated. the genome-enzyme complex shows high enzyme activity of rna polymerase and methyltransferase in spite of the fact that it consists of only 5 percent of the protein. in order to clarify the protein subunits of the rna polymerase and methyltransferase, two methods were adopted. the sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretog ...	1986	3299695
a new method for extracting circular and supercoiled genome segments from cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus.	the genome of a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) consisting of 10 segments was extracted by a new two-step extraction method. the results from polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, phenol and diepoxybutane treatment and electron microscopic examination indicated the extracted genome segments to have circular and supercoiled structures as genome-protein(s) complexes. multiple cycles of the transcription of each segmented genome of cpv may take place on the circular structure of the segment.	1986	3539959
molecular cloning and characterization of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus polyhedrin and a viable deletion mutant gene.	the double-stranded rna genome of bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) was converted to double-stranded dna and cloned into plasmid pbr322. the complete nucleotide sequence of cloned genome segment 10, which encodes virus polyhedrin polypeptide, was determined. the cpv polyhedrin gene consists of 942 based pairs and possesses a long open reading frame that codes for a polypeptide of 248 amino acids (molecular weight, 28,500), consistent with an apparent molecular weight of 28,000 pre ...	1988	3275433
coupled transcription-translation of silkworm cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus injected into oocytes of the frog, xenopus laevis.	the cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus of the silkworm, bombyx mori, contains a ten-segmented, double-stranded rna genome and five species of polypeptides, v1 (mr 146,000), v2 (mr 140,000), v3 (mr 128,000)), v4 (mr 62,000), and v5 (mr 32,000). the virus contains an rna-dependent rna polymerase that transcribes the duplex genome rna to form mrna either in the infected animals or under appropriate conditions in vitro. we co-microinjected the virus, [alpha-32p]gtp and actinomycin d into oocytes of the ...	1988	3283114
cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus classification by electropherotype; validation by serological analyses and agarose gel electrophoresis.	serological analyses of several different cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses (cpvs), including two type 1 cpvs from bombyx mori, type 1 cpv from dendrolimus spectabilis, type 12 cpv from autographa gamma, type 2 cpv from inachis io, type 5 cpv from orgyia pseudotsugata and type 5 cpv from heliothis armigera, demonstrated a close correlation between the antigenic properties of the polyhedrin or virus particle structural proteins and the genomic dsrna electropherotypes. the dsrnas of these viruses w ...	1989	2499658
nucleotide sequence of the polyhedrin gene of euxoa scandens cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (escpv).	the double-stranded rna genome of euxoa scandens cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (escpv) was reversely transcribed to the double-stranded dna and cloned into pibi30. the complete nucleotide sequence of cloned genome segment 10, which encodes the virus polyhedrin polypeptide, was determined. the escpv polyhedrin gene consists of 881 bp and possesses an open reading frame that codes for a polypeptide of 269 amino acids (mw 30.1k), consistent with an apparent mw of 30k determined by sds-page for pur ...	1989	2650462
nucleotide sequence of the polyhedrin gene of bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus a strain with nuclear localization of polyhedra.	bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (bmcpv) strain h produces many hexahedral polyhedra (inclusion bodies) in the cytoplasm of insect midgut epithelial cells. the mutant a strain, however, produces polyhedra in the nucleus. we determined cdna sequences of the polyhedrin genes, the smallest of the 10 genome segments, of these two strains. the polyhedrin genes of the h and a strains were 944 bp long, and encoded polypeptides of 248 amino acids (mr 28,500) and 252 amino acids (mr 29,000), re ...	1989	2661724
entomopathogens of phlebotomine sand flies: laboratory experiments and natural infections.	the susceptibility of different geographical strains of phlebotomus papatasi to a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) was determined experimentally by feeding polyhedra to larvae. of the indian p. papatasi, 15.6% became infected, whereas egyptian p. papatasi were mostly refractory. infection rates were not augmented in colony flies from the jordan valley, 23.8% of which were naturally infected with cpv. the infectivity of serratia marcescens and beauvaria bassiana to p. papatasi were determined ...	1991	1783777
x-ray powder pattern analysis of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus inclusion bodies.	cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus is an insect reovirus which is occluded in crystalline inclusion bodies that form in the mid-gut of certain insects. inclusion bodies of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus from bombyx mori were isolated and purified. these crystalline bodies, about 1-3 microns in linear size, were compacted in a capillary tube while immersed in buffer. x-ray diffraction photographs showed powder rings, extending to 8.2 a resolution, which could be indexed with a cell measuring a = b = ...	1991	1984644
isolation of cdna clones coding for humoral lectin of silkworm, bombyx mori, larvae.	in the hemolymph of the silkworm, bombyx mori, lectin with hemagglutinating activity against sheep red blood cells increases at larval-larval ecdysis and at spinning stage (suzuki and natori, 1983) and is induced by infection with cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus. a bombyx lectin polypeptide with molecular weight approx 280k is responsible for hemagglutinating activity, since antiserum raised against this polypeptide inhibited hemagglutinating activity. the site of synthesis of bombyx lectin was d ...	1992	1541849
expression in escherichia coli of the cloned polyhedrin gene of bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus.	cloned cdna of genomic segment 10 of bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) was placed downstream from the lambda pl promoter in expression plasmid prc23 and expressed in escherichia coli cells. a polypeptide of the same molecular weight (28 kda) as natural polyhedrin was synthesized at the level of approximately 10% of total host cell protein. this polypeptide was identified as cpv polyhedrin (r-polyhedrin) after comparative studies. the r-polyhedrin did not form any crystalline struc ...	1993	8286955
isolation of a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus by physical and immunological techniques. 1975.		1993	8367399
expression of bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus polyhedrin in insect cells by using a baculovirus expression vector, and its assembly into polyhedra.	a cdna encoding the cytoplasmic polyhedrin of bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (bmcpv) strain h was introduced into an improved baculovirus expression vector which can be utilized to express foreign genes in the spodoptera frugiperda cell line iplb-sf-21ae (sf21 cells) and the b. mori cell line bmn. a recombinant virus produced large, cubic inclusion body-like structures in infected sf21 and bmn cells. western blot analysis showed that these structures were bmcpv polyhedra. this result ...	1993	8423453
analysis of the c-polyhedrin genes from different geographical isolates of a type 5 cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus.	the c-polyhedrin genes of two different geographic isolates of a type 5 cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) were cloned. a cpv infecting orgyia pseudotsugata (opcpv), isolated in the pacific northwest of the u.s.a., and a cpv infecting heliothis armigera, isolated in south africa, were studied. both genes were found to be 883 nucleotides in length and encoded a predicted protein of 246 residues (m(r) of 28,890). comparison of the nucleotide sequences of these two viruses with another type 5 geo ...	1994	8046399
a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus in the phlebotomine sandfly lutzomyia longipalpis.		1995	7787233
geographic distribution of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus infection in douglas-fir tussock moth larvae, orgyia pseudotsugata, in british columbia	we have examined the geographic distribution and prevalence of insect-specific viral infections in douglas-fir tussock moth populations in british columbia. nucleic acids extracted from field collected egg masses from 10 different locations in british columbia were subjected to agarose gel electrophoresis and southern blot analysis. electrophoresis of nucleic acids after digestion with rnase a at high and low ionic strengths showed that the extra bands detected in agarose gels were double-strand ...	1996	8812604
effect of mutations on the intracellular localization of bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus polyhedrin.	we have already cloned the polyhedrin genes of the wild-type strain h bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (bmcpv) and its mutant, strain a. in this work, polyhedrin genes of mutant bmcpv strains c1 and c2 were cloned and their nucleotide sequences were determined. the polyhedrin amino acid sequences of strains c1 and c2 were compared with that of strain h. strains c1 and c2 contained two and three sites of mutation in their polyhedrin genes, respectively. four amino acids (249rllv) were a ...	1996	8558123
sequence analysis and expression of the polyhedrin gene of choristoneura fumiferana cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cfcpv).	the segmented double-stranded rna genome of choristoneura fumiferana cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cfcpv) was extracted, polyadenylated, reverse-transcribed into cdna and cloned. the cdna clones that hybridized to the smallest genomic segment (segment 10) were identified, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. genome segment 10 of cfcpv was found to be 1171 nucleotides in length with a single open reading frame in one strand capable of coding a predicted protein of 258 residues (mr of 29, ...	1997	9370308
characterizations of natural and induced polyhedrin gene mutants of bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses.	bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (bmcpv) polyhedrin gene from natural mutant strain b, b2 and p was cloned and the amino acid sequence was compared with that of wild-type virus (strain h). chimeric polyhedrin genes (8 types) containing only one site of mutation within the amino acid sequence were also constructed. fifteen types of polyhedrin genes were introduced into a baculovirus expression vector and hexahedral, acicular, pyramidal, or amorphous polyhedra were formed in infected cel ...	1998	9541610
determination of the nucleotide sequence of bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus segment 9 and its expression in bmn4 cells.	cloning and sequencing of segment 9 of bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (bmcpv) strains h and i were performed. the segment consisted of 1,186 bp harboring 5' and 3' noncoding regions and an open reading frame from positions 75 to 1037, encoding a protein with 320 amino acids, termed ns5. comparison of the nucleotide sequences of ns5 for the two strains indicated 37 point differences resulting in only six amino acid replacements. homology search showed that ns5 has localized similariti ...	1998	9621035
nucleotide sequence of bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus segment 8.	the segments 8 (s8) of the 10 double-stranded rna genomes from bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (bmcpv) strains i and h were converted into cdnas, amplified by pcr, and cloned. the nucleotide sequence analysis of the two full-length s8 cdnas showed that the segments consist of 1328 nucleotides encoding putative proteins (p44) of 390 amino acids with molecular masses of about 44 kda, which have glutamic acid-rich and proline-rich domains in their central regions. they had quite high ide ...	1998	9657006
[cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus and polyhedrin].		1998	9752770
the structure of a cypovirus and the functional organization of dsrna viruses.	cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) is unique among the double-stranded rna viruses of the family reoviridae in having a single capsid layer. analysis by cryo-electron microscopy allows comparison of the single shelled cpv and orthoreovirus with the high resolution crystal structure of the inner shell of the bluetongue virus (btv) core. this suggests that the novel arrangement identified in btv, of 120 protein subunits in a so-called 't=2' organization, is a characteristic of the reoviridae and ...	1999	10360362
structure of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus from bombyx mori.	the structures of full and empty capsids of cpv were studied by negative staining and electron cryomicroscopy and computer reconstruction techniques. by comparing the structures and biochemical compositions, the cpv was identified as a single-layered capsid with its five structural proteins located on it. this single capsid is arranged according to t=1 icosahedral symmetry with 12 turret-like spikes at its icosahedral vertices. the empty and full cpv show identical capsid but differ inside. the ...	1999	12114971
stressors and rearing diseases of trichoplusia ni: evidence of vertical transmission of npv and cpv.	inability to consistently rear healthy trichoplusia ni led to a study of its rearing diseases. four diseases were designated after preliminary research which included electron microscopy: cytoplasmic polyhedrosis (due to cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus, or cpv), nuclear polyhedrosis (due to nucleopolyhedrovirus, or npv), "neonate death" syndrome (mortality in first or second instars), and "late-instar" syndrome (death in late instars accompanied by bacterial decomposition). infectious agents were ...	1999	10486227
two concentric protein shell structure with spikes of silkworm bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus revealed by small-angle neutron scattering using the contrast variation method.	the overall and internal structures of the silkworm bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus was investigated by small-angle neutron scattering using the contrast variation method. data were collected in aqueous buffer solutions containing 0, 50, 75, and 100% d2o in the q range of 0.002 to 0.0774 a-1 at 5 degrees c. the radius of gyration at infinite contrast was estimated to be 336 a. the contrast matching point of the virus was determined to correspond to about 50% d2o level, evidence that t ...	1999	10220584
visualization of protein-rna interactions in cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus.	unlike the multiple-shelled organization of other reoviridae members, cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) has a single-shelled capsid. the three-dimensional structures of full and empty cpv by electron cryomicroscopy show identical outer shells but differ inside. the outer surface reveals a t=1 icosahedral shell decorated with spikes at its icosahedral vertices. the internal space of the empty cpv is unoccupied except for 12 mushroom-shaped densities attributed to the transcriptional enzyme com ...	1999	9882369
characterization of cypovirus isolates from tropical and temperate indian saturniidae silkworms.	cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cypovirus, cpv) isolates from larvae of saturniidae silkworms antheraea mylitta, antheraea proylei, and antheraea assamensis were obtained and characterized. scanning electron microscopic (sem) studies revealed the presence of hexahedral (rhombic dodecahedron) polyhedral bodies of various size (1-4 microns) in individual hosts while transmission electron microscopic (tem) studies of isolated virions showed their uniform (icosahedral) shape and size (approximately ...	2000	11332278
nucleotide sequences of genome segments 6 and 7 of bombyx mori cypovirus 1, encoding the viral structural proteins v4 and v5, respectively.	nucleotide sequence analyses of cdnas derived from the double-stranded rna genome segments 6 and 7 (s6 and s7) of bombyx mori cypovirus 1 (bmcpv-1) have revealed that they consist of 1796 and 1501 nucleotides encoding putative proteins of 561 and 448 amino acids with molecular masses of 63604 and 49875 (p64 and p50), respectively. the amino acid sequence of p64, which has a high leucine residue content (10%), contains a leucine zipper motif. antiserum raised against p64 specifically bound to a v ...	2000	10725444
molecular characterization of bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus genome segment 4.	the complete nucleotide sequence of the genome segment 4 (s4) of bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (bmcpv) was determined. the 3,259-nucleotide sequence contains a single long open reading frame which spans nucleotides 14 to 3187 and which is predicted to encode a protein with a molecular mass of about 130 kda. western blot analysis showed that s4 encodes bmcpv protein vp3, which is one of the outer components of the bmcpv virion. sequence analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of ...	2001	11134312
nucleotide sequence of genome segment 5 from bombyx mori cypovirus 1.	the complete nucleotide sequences of the double-stranded rna genome segments 5 (s5) from bombyx mori cypovirus 1 (bmcpv-1) strains i and h were determined. the segments consisted of 2,852 nucleotides encoding putative proteins of 881 amino acids with molecular masses of approximately 101 kda (p101). a homology search showed that p101 has high similarity (93%) to foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) 2a protease (2apro) at amino acid position 219 to 235. these findings suggest the possibility that ...	2001	11266213
nucleotide sequences of segments 1, 3 and 4 of the genome of bombyx mori cypovirus 1 encoding putative capsid proteins vp1, vp3 and vp4, respectively.	the complete nucleotide sequences of genomic segments s1, s3 and s4 from bombyx mori cypovirus 1 (bmcpv-1) have been determined. the segments consisted of 4190, 3846 and 3262 nucleotides encoding putative proteins of 1333, 1239 and 1058 amino acids with molecular masses of approximately 148, 140 and 120 kda (p148, p140 and p120, respectively). all segments possess a single open reading frame. homology searches showed that all three proteins have homologies to proteins of rice ragged stunt virus, ...	2002	12029163
molecular cloning and characterization of antheraea mylitta cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus genome segment 9.	genome segment 9 of the 11-segment rna genomes of three cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) isolates from antheraea mylitta (amcpv), antheraea assamensis (aacpv) and antheraea proylei (apcpv) were converted to cdna, cloned and sequenced. in each case, this genome segment consists of 1473 nucleotides with one long orf of 1035 bp and encodes a protein of 345 amino acids, termed nsp38, with a molecular mass of 38 kda. secondary structure prediction showed the presence of nine alpha-helices in the ...	2002	12029164
molecular interactions and viral stability revealed by structural analyses of chemically treated cypovirus capsids.	cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv, genus cypovirus) is a unique member of the family reoviridae which lacks the outer protective shells that exist in all other members, yet exhibits unusual stability. we have analyzed the effects of different acidic, basic, detergent, and urea treatments on cpv capsids. the integrity of the cpv capsids was unaffected under high-ph conditions that disrupted the orthoreovirus inner core, consistent with its ability to maintain structural integrity in extremely a ...	2002	12093172
structural comparisons of empty and full cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus. protein-rna interactions and implications for endogenous rna transcription mechanism.	viruses in the family reoviridae are capable of transcription within the intact capsids. as the only single-shelled and thus the simplest member of the reoviridae, cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) provides an attractive system for studying endogenous transcription. we report the structures of the full and empty cpv determined at 13-a resolution by electron cryomicroscopy. the structure of the empty cpv reveals a density attributed to the transcription enzyme complex, which is attached to the ...	2003	12401805
cpv, a stable and symmetrical machine for mrna synthesis.	the structure of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv), an insect pathogen from the reoviridae family of double-strand rna viruses, has been determined at 8 a by electron cryomicroscopy and image reconstruction. it provides new information about the functions of these viral particles as stable machines for mrna synthesis.	2003	12791245
genomic sequence analyses of segments 1 to 6 of dendrolimus punctatus cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus.	the complete nucleotide sequences of genomic segments s1 to s6 from dendrolimus punctatus cypovirus 1 (dpcpv-1) have been determined. each segment of s1 to s6 possess a single open reading frame. conserved motifs 5' (aguaa) and 3'(guuagcc) were found at the ends of each segment. comparison of the proteins of dpcpv with those of other members in the family reoviridae lead us to suggest that s1, s3, s4 and s6 encode the viral structural protein vp1, vp2, vp3 and vp4, respectively. s5 encoded viral ...	2003	12827465
molecular characterization of segments 7-10 of dendrolimus punctatus cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus provides the complete genome.	the nucleotide sequences of genomic segments s7-s10 from dendrolimus punctatus cypovirus strain hunan (dpcpv-hn) have been determined. this provides the complete genome sequences of dpcpv-hn. each segment of s7-s10 possess a single segment each. homology searches showed that the nucleotide sequences and the deduced amino acid sequences of dpcpv s7-10 had high level of identities with those of bombyx mori cypovirus (bmcpv) s7-10, respectively. while the amino acid sequences of the proteins encode ...	2003	12837553
[molecular cloning and sequencing of dendrolimus punctatus wenshanensis cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (dpwcpv) ns5 protein gene].	dpwcpv were purified from infected dendrolimus punctatus wenshanensis larvae by density gradient centrifugation. the genomic dsrna segments were subsequently extracted directly from the purified polyhedra by sds treatmen, phenol/chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation. defferent segments of genomic dsrna were separated by low melting point agarose electrophoresis, and s9 dsrna was purified after being excised from the gel. s9 rna was denaturalized in high temperature. the primers was des ...	2003	16276867
entry of bombyx mori cypovirus 1 into midgut cells in vivo.	in vivo entry of bombyx mori cypovirus 1 into the silkworm midgut was studied by electron microscopy of ultrathin sections of midguts from silkworm larvae that had been administered virus-contaminated leaves. in 3 h, virions were observed outside and inside midgut cells, including columnar cells, goblet cells and muscle cells. virions were seen adhering to the plasma membrane of microvilli, embedding in the membrane and settling themselves intact inside the microvilli of the columnar cells. thes ...	2003	14700081
the use of meconia to nondestructively detect sublethal infections in heliothines (lepidoptera: noctuidae).	the utility of using meconia to nondestructively detect entomopathogens of lepidopterous heliothines was examined. early-instar tobacco budworm [heliothis virescens (f.)] or cotton bollworm [helicoverpa zea (boddie)] larvae were inoculated with cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv), serratia marcescens bizio, or nosema heliothidis lutz and splendor, and the presence of each of the entomopathogens in adults and the meconia discharged during adult eclosion was determined. as the dose of cpv occlusi ...	2003	14994790
assembly into single-shelled virus-like particles by major capsid protein vp1 encoded by genome segment s1 of bombyx mori cypovirus 1.	the major capsid protein vp1 encoded by genome segment s1 of bombyx mori cypovirus 1 was expressed in a baculovirus system. in the absence of any other capsid proteins, vp1 was found to assemble into single-shelled virus-like particles. the vp1 particles were more sensitive to acidic conditions than were intact particles.	2003	12917465
cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus structure at 8 a by electron cryomicroscopy: structural basis of capsid stability and mrna processing regulation.	the single-shelled cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) is a unique member of the reoviridae. despite lacking protective outer shells, it exhibits striking capsid stability and is capable of endogenous rna transcription and processing. the 8 a three-dimensional structure of cpv by electron cryomicroscopy reveals secondary structure elements present in the capsid proteins csp, lpp, and tp, which have alpha+beta folds. the extensive nonequivalent interactions between csp and lpp, the unique csp pr ...	2003	12791254
comparison of the amino acid sequences of rna-dependent rna polymerases of cypoviruses in the family reoviridae.	the nucleotide sequences of the genome segment s2 of bombyx mori cypovirus 1, s2 of lymantria dispar cypovirus 1, s1 of lymantria dispar cypovirus 14 and s1 of a proposed new electropherotype of trichoplusia ni cypovirus 15 were determined. these segments encoded putative rna-dependent rna polymerases (rdrps). the deduced amino acid sequences of rdrps within the genus cypovirus showed 32% to 94% identities, while extent of homology between rdrps in the genera cypovirus and oryzavirus, a genus mo ...	2003	12556988
a 9 angstroms single particle reconstruction from ccd captured images on a 200 kv electron cryomicroscope.	sub-nanometer resolution structure determination is becoming a common practice in electron cryomicroscopy of macromolecular assemblies. the data for these studies have until now been collected on photographic film. using cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv), a previously determined structure, as a test specimen, we show the feasibility of obtaining a 9 angstroms structure from images acquired from a 4 k x 4 k gatan ccd on a 200 kv electron cryomicroscope. the match of the alpha-helices in the pr ...	2004	15193640
molecular cloning and characterization of antheraea mylitta cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus polyhedrin gene and its variant forms.	the segments 10 (s10) of the 11 double stranded rna genomes from antheraea mylitta cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (amcpv) encoding a novel polyhedrin polypeptide was converted to cdna, cloned, and sequenced. three cdna clones consisting of 1502 (amcpv10-1), 1120 (amcpv10-2), and 1415 (amcpv10-3) nucleotides encoding polyhedrin of 254, 339, and 319 amino acids with molecular masses of 29, 39, and 37 kda, respectively, were obtained, and verified by northern analysis. these clones showed 70-94% se ...	2005	15907799
fossil evidence of insect pathogens.	the present report describes fossil evidence of insect pathogens, heretofore, almost non-existent, from six samples of amber ranging in age from 15 to 100 million years. they include a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus and trypanosomatid infection in an adult biting midge (diptera: ceratopogonidae), and a nuclear polyhedrosis virus in an adult sand fly (diptera: phlebotomidae), both from early cretaceous burmese amber, several types of fungal thalli on the cuticle of an adult mosquito (culicidae: d ...	2005	16009374
characterization of the rna-binding domain in the dendrolimus punctatus cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus nonstructural protein p44.	dendrolimus punctatus cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (dpcpv-1) belongs to the cypovirus genus in the reoviridae family. the orf of genome segment 8 (s8) of dpcpv-1 was cloned into vector pmal-c2x and used to express a 44kda protein (p44) in e. coli, which was detected by western blotting. the gel mobility shift assays showed that p44 had ssrna-binding activity. competitive assay indicated that this protein only bind to ssrna and could not interact with dna and dsrna. the binding of p44 to ssrna ...	2005	16023751
three-dimensional display and arbitrary region interactive segmentation of high-resolution virus capsids from cryo-electron microscopy single particle reconstruction.	recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-em) instrumentation and single particle reconstruction have created opportunities for high-throughput and high-resolution three-dimensional (3-d) structure determination of virus. in order to visualize and effectively understand the 3-d structure, we present a display method based on surface rendering, which has the function of 3-d arbitrary region interactive segmentation and quantitative analysis, and integrate them into a software package call ...	2005	16186180
identification of transmembrane domain of a membrane associated protein ns5 of dendrolimus punctatus cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus.	we examined the intracellular localization of ns5 protein of dendrolimus punctatus cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (dpcpv) by expressing ns5-gfp fusion protein and proteins from deletion mutants of ns5 in baculovirus recombinant infected insect spodoptera frugiperda (sf-9) cells. it was found that the ns5 protein was present at the plasma membrane of the cells, and that the n-terminal portion of the protein played a key role in the localization. a transmembrane region was identified to be present ...	2006	16889685
mapping the rna-binding domain on the dpcpv vp4.	the rna-binding properties of vp4 protein of dendrolimus punctatus cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (dpcpv) vp4 were analyzed. vp4 was expressed in e. coli and assayed for rna binding activity by gel mobility shift assay. vp4 was found to bind rna (ssrna and dsrna) in a sequence-independent manner, but did not interact with dna. to identify the domain(s) of the protein important for rna binding, a number of deletions were made and tested by gel mobility shift assays and northwestern blot. the cent ...	2006	16195791
a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus isolated from the pine processionary caterpillar, thaumetopoea pityocampa.	a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) was isolated from the larvae of thaumetopoea pityocampa and shown to cause an infection of midgut cells. this viral infection revealed several important diagnostic symptoms, including discoloration of the posterior midgut, reduced feeding, and extended development time of the larvae. the virus infection is lethal to thaumetopoea pityocampa, and with the increasing doses kills the larvae within 4-5 days post infection. electron microscopy studies showed typi ...	2007	18051275
immobilization of bioactive fibroblast growth factor-2 into cubic proteinous microcrystals (bombyx mori cypovirus polyhedra) that are insoluble in a physiological cellular environment.	the supramolecular architecture of the extracellular matrix and the disposition of its specific accessory molecules give rise to variable heterotopic signaling cues for single cells. here we have described the successful occlusion of human fibroblast growth factor-2 (fgf-2) into the cubic inclusion bodies (fgf-2 polyhedra) of the bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (bmcpv). the polyhedra are proteinous cubic crystals of several microns in size that are insoluble in the extracellular milie ...	2007	17430896
phylogenetic analysis of heliothis armigera cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus type 14 and a series of dwarf segments found in the genome.	full-length nucleotide sequences for the genome segments (s1-s6) of heliothis armigera cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus type 14 (hacpv-14) have been characterized. each segment consists of a single open reading frame with conserved motifs agaa and agcu at the 5' and 3' ends, respectively. comparison of the proteins of hacpv-14 with those of other members of the family reoviridae suggests that s1 encodes an rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp), whilst s2 encodes a major capsid protein of the virus. ...	2007	17325373
the complete nucleotide sequence of the type 5 helicoverpa armigera cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus genome.	the s1-6, s8, and s9 segments of the type 5 helicoverpa armigera cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (hacpv-5, chinese strain) were cloned and sequenced, completing the hacpv-5 genome. we found that each hacpv-5 segment exhibits the conserved terminal sequences aguu and uugc located at the 5' and 3' ends, respectively. we also analyzed the translation initiation codon of the hacpv-5 genome and compared it with the available cypovirus sequences in genbank. we postulated that the conserved purine at th ...	2008	18368473
3.88 a structure of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus by cryo-electron microscopy.	cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) is unique within the reoviridae family in having a turreted single-layer capsid contained within polyhedrin inclusion bodies, yet being fully capable of cell entry and endogenous rna transcription. biochemical data have shown that the amino-terminal 79 residues of the cpv turret protein (tp) is sufficient to bring cpv or engineered proteins into the polyhedrin matrix for micro-encapsulation. here we report the three-dimensional structure of cpv at 3.88 a reso ...	2008	18449192
towards atomic resolution structural determination by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy.	recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy and single-particle reconstruction (collectively referred to as 'cryoem') have made it possible to determine the three-dimensional (3d) structures of several macromolecular complexes at near-atomic resolution ( approximately 3.8-4.5a). these achievements were accomplished by overcoming the challenges in sample handling, instrumentation, image processing, and model building. at near-atomic resolution, many detailed structural features can be resolved, s ...	2008	18403197
[new type of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus isolated from mosquitoes in china].	0507bs3 virus was isolated from a mixed pool of culex sp. and anopheles sp. collected in kashi, xinjiang, china. 0507bs3 virus could cause cytopathic effects on c6/36 cells but not on vero and bhk-21 cells. viral particles had no envelope and appeared round with diameter of about 60 nm (n = 20). viral capsid was composed of a single layer and a central core. capsomeres on the surface of capsid were clearly visible. electrophoresis of viral genome showed a profile of 10 double stranded rna (dsrna ...	2008	19226951
structural evolution of reoviridae revealed by oryzavirus in acquiring the second capsid shell.	the conservation of the core structure and diversification of the external features among the turreted reoviruses appear to be relevant to structural evolution in facilitating the infection of diverse host species. the structure of rice ragged stunt virus (rrsv), in the genus oryzavirus of the family reoviridae, is determined to show a core composed of capsid shell, clamps, and long turrets. the rrsv core structure is equivalent to the core structure of orthoreovirus and the virion structure of ...	2008	18787002
subnanometer-resolution structures of the grass carp reovirus core and virion.	grass carp reovirus (gcrv) is a member of the aquareovirus genus of the family reoviridae, a large family of double-stranded rna (dsrna) viruses infecting plants, insects, fishes and mammals. we report the first subnanometer-resolution three-dimensional structures of both gcrv core and virion by cryoelectron microscopy. these structures have allowed the delineation of interactions among the over 1000 molecules in this enormous macromolecular machine and a detailed comparison with other dsrna vir ...	2008	18625243
effects of bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ac and cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus of helicoverpa armigera (hübner) (hacpv) on cotton bollworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae).	in this study, interactions on the mortality and debilitating effects between cry1ac, a toxic protein produced by bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) and hacpv (chinese strain) on first and third instars larvae of helicoverpa armigera were evaluated in laboratory. when first instar was exposed to combination of bt cotton leaf discs containing hacpv (6 x 10(6), 1 x 10(7), and 3 x 10(7) pib ml(-1)) the effect on mortality was additive, when such instar larvae exposed to combination of cry1ac (0.9, 2 ...	2009	19269293
how baculovirus polyhedra fit square pegs into round holes to robustly package viruses.	natural protein crystals (polyhedra) armour certain viruses, allowing them to survive for years under hostile conditions. we have determined the structure of polyhedra of the baculovirus autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv), revealing a highly symmetrical covalently cross-braced robust lattice, the subunits of which possess a flexible adaptor enabling this supra-molecular assembly to specifically entrap massive baculoviruses. inter-subunit chemical switches modulate the ...	2010	19959989
molecular characterization of genome segments 1 and 3 encoding two capsid proteins of antheraea mylitta cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus.	antheraea mylitta cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (amcpv), a cypovirus of reoviridae family, infects indian non-mulberry silkworm, antheraea mylitta, and contains 11 segmented double stranded rna (s1-s11) in its genome. some of its genome segments (s2 and s6-s11) have been previously characterized but genome segments encoding viral capsid have not been characterized.	2010	20684765
molecular characterization of genome segment 2 encoding rna dependent rna polymerase of antheraea mylitta cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus.	genome segment 2 (s2) from antheraea mylitta cypovirus (amcpv) was converted into cdna, cloned and sequenced. s2 consisted of 3798 nucleotides with a long orf encoding a 1116 amino acid long protein (123 kda). blast and phylogenetic analysis showed 29% sequence identity and close relatedness of amcpv s2 with rna dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) of other insect cypoviruses, suggesting a common origin of all insect cypoviruses. the orf of s2 was expressed as 123 kda soluble his-tagged fusion protei ...	2010	20488502
microarray analysis of the gene expression profile in the midgut of silkworm infected with cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus.	in order to obtain an overall view on silkworm response to bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (bmcpv) infection, a microarray system comprising 22,987 oligonucluotide 70-mer probes was employed to compare differentially expressed genes in the midguts of bmcpv-infected and normal silkworm larvae. at 72 h post-inoculation, 258 genes exhibited at least 2.0-fold differences in expression level. out of these, 135 genes were up-regulated, while 123 genes were down-regulated. according to gene ...	2011	20349281
electron tomography reveals polyhedrin binding and existence of both empty and full cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus particles inside infectious polyhedra.	previous studies have described the structure of purified cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) and that of polyhedrin protein. however, how polyhedrin molecules embed cpv particles inside infectious polyhedra is not known. by using electron tomography, we show that cpv particles are occluded within the polyhedrin crystalline lattice with a random spatial distribution and interact with the polyhedrin protein through the a-spike rather than as previously thought through the b-spike. furthermore, b ...	2011	21471233
atomic model of cpv reveals the mechanism used by this single-shelled virus to economically carry out functions conserved in multishelled reoviruses.	unlike the multishelled viruses in the reoviridae, cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) is single shelled, yet stable and fully capable of carrying out functions conserved within reoviridae. here, we report a 3.1 å resolution cryo electron microscopy structure of cpv and derive its atomic model, consisting of 60 turret proteins (tps), 120 each of capsid shell proteins (csps) and large protrusion proteins (lpps). two unique segments of csp contribute to cpv's stability: an inserted protrusion dom ...	2011	21565700
atomic model of a cypovirus built from cryo-em structure provides insight into the mechanism of mrna capping.	the cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) from the family reoviridae belongs to a subgroup of "turreted" reoviruses, in which the mrna capping activity occurs in a pentameric turret. we report a full atomic model of cpv built from a 3d density map obtained using cryoelectron microscopy. the image data for the 3d reconstruction were acquired exclusively from a ccd camera. our structure shows that the enzymatic domains of the pentameric turret of cpv are topologically conserved and that there are f ...	2011	21220303
a fast mapping method in the isaf reconstruction algorithm.	isaf (icosahedral symmetry-adapted functions) algorithm is the new high-resolution algorithm of icosahedral molecules. but its running speed is very slow because of the time-consuming operations of mapping sampling points into 3d space. in this paper, a fast mapping method is proposed to increase the running speed of this stage. first of all, the angle corresponding to one pixel arc in the maximum fourier ring was taken as the sampling angle and the same angle sampling was applied in every rings ...	2011	22255199
high-speed fixed-target serial virus crystallography.	we report a method for serial x-ray crystallography at x-ray free-electron lasers (xfels), which allows for full use of the current 120-hz repetition rate of the linear coherent light source (lcls). using a micropatterned silicon chip in combination with the high-speed roadrunner goniometer for sample delivery, we were able to determine the crystal structures of the picornavirus bovine enterovirus 2 (bev2) and the cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus type 18 polyhedrin, with total data collection time ...	2017	28628129