Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| [mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in wild animal species and cattle in styria/austria]. | infections with mycobacterium ovium ssp. paratuberculosis (m. paratuberculosis) are increasingly recognised worldwide. in addition to an increased prevalence of paratuberculosis in austrian cattle herds, recent years have also shown a rise in infections with m. paratuberculosis in wild red and roe deer, chamois and mouflon. during the period from june 2002 to september 2004, mesenteric lymph nodes were taken from a total of 483 wild animals hunted or found dead and from 338 deceased cattle. samp ... | 2005 | 16048043 |
| in vitro culture and mtdna fate of ibex-rabbit nuclear transfer embryos. | rabbit oocyte can be used as the recipient in interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iscnt). this work was undertaken in order to study the developmental competence of capra ibex somatic cells reprogrammed by rabbit oocytes and the fate of mitochondria in iscnt embryos. metaphase ii (mii) oocytes from superovulated rabbit were used as nuclear recipients. the nuclear donors were capra ibex somatic cells with different proliferative status: population doubling time (pdl) = 15 +/- 2 (group 1), ... | 2005 | 16261768 |
| field evaluation of the efficacy of fenbendazole in captive wild ruminants. | the efficacy of in-feed fenbendazole at a dose rate of 7.5 mg/kg bodyweight for three consecutive days was assessed in five arabian oryx (oryx leucoryx), six scimitar-horned oryx (oryx dammah), 14 slender-horned gazelles (gazella leptoceros), eight soay sheep (ovis aries aries soay), 13 alpine ibex (capra ibex ibex), six red deer (cervus elaphus hippelaphus) and 11 nelson's elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) kept in five herds in a zoo. the efficacy was assessed by means of repeated faecal egg count r ... | 2005 | 16272545 |
| transposition of the biceps tendon to reduce lateral scapulohumeral luxation in three species of nondomestic ruminant. | open reduction of lateral luxation of the scapulohumeral joint was performed in a mhorr gazelle (gazella dama mhorr), a southern pudu (pudu puda), and an alpine ibex (capra ibex ibex) by transposition of the biceps brachii tendon lateral to the greater tubercle of the humerus. the ibex had a very large greater tubercle that required a second osteotomy to allow successful lateral transfer of the tendon. although all three animals were non-weight bearing in the first 2-3 wk after surgery, ambulati ... | 2005 | 17323571 |
| daily transpiration rates of woody species on drying soil. | among annual plants, daily transpiration rates, expressed as a fraction of volumetric soil water content available for transpiration, show a common pattern in response to soil drying. initially, as soil dries, there is little decrease in transpiration rate until water availability has fallen to about one third that at field capacity. with further soil drying, relative transpiration rate decreases in a more-or-less linear fashion until all available water has been used. data previously obtained f ... | 2005 | 16105814 |
| infrared balloon experiment: improved instrumental configuration and assessment of instrument performance. | during the 2002 environmental satellite envisat mid-latitude validation campaign, a new upgraded configuration of the infrared balloon experiment (ibex) fourier transform spectrometer, which had its first flight in 1978, performed a stratospheric balloon flight across the mediterranean sea. among the substantial upgrades made to the instrument, the use of photon-noise-limited detectors permitted us to reach the theoretical limits in terms of signal-to-noise ratio. also, important modifications w ... | 2006 | 16512548 |
| evaluation of three strategic parasite control programs in captive wild ruminants. | parasite control in wild ruminants is based mainly on anthelmintics. the objective of the present study was to evaluate three parasite control programs in seven herds of captive wild ruminants in 3 consecutive years. in the first year, a biannual spring-summer treatment regime with fenbendazole at 7.5 mg/kg body weight p.o. for 3 days was applied. the next year, an early-season treatment program with three administrations of fenbendazole at the same dosage at 3-wk intervals was used. in the thir ... | 2006 | 17312807 |
| in vitro rearing oestrus caucasicus third-instar larvae and pupae (diptera: oestridae) from naturally-infested iberian ibex, capra pyrenaica (artiodactyla: bovidae). | third-instar oestrus caucasicus larvae (n = 236) obtained from iberian ibex, copra pyrenaica, were reared in a laboratory to obtain adult flies. they were maintained at a temperature of 21.9 +/- 2.7 degrees c and a relative humidity of 38.9 +/- 8.0 %. in all, 78 imagos emerged (33.1 %), with a sex-ratio at emergence not differing significantly from 1:1; 25 larvae did not complete pupariation. a total of 14 adult flies (17.9 % of the adults obtained) showed malformations, mainly in their wings. t ... | 2006 | 17285851 |
| potential pathogens carried by spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica hispanica) in southern spain. | the spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica hispanica) population of southern spain was surveyed for potential pathogens associated with the conjunctiva, external ear canal, as well as reproductive and upper respiratory tracts. we sampled 321 ibex (131 adult males, 100 adult females, and 90 yearlings); these included 271 apparently healthy animals and 50 that were naturally infected with sarcoptes scabiei. a total of 688 bacterial isolates were identified (377 gram-negatives, 225 gram-positives, and 86 my ... | 2006 | 16870855 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies in red deer (cervus elaphus) and other wild ruminants from spain. | serum samples from 441 red deer (cervus elaphus) and 161 other wild ruminant species, collected between 1993 and 2005 from six regions of spain were tested for antibodies against toxoplasma gondii by the modified agglutination test (mat). antibodies to t. gondii (mat 1:25 or higher) were detected in 15.6% of red deer. statistically significant differences were observed among sampling sites with seroprevalence in red deer from catalonia (42.2%) being significantly higher compared with other spani ... | 2006 | 16359801 |
| birth of live spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica hispanica) derived from artificial insemination with epididymal spermatozoa retrieved after death. | as a consequence of increasing limitations to maintaining genetic variability in endangered wildlife species, methods of assisted reproduction widely used in domestic animals are being applied to nondomestic species. however, practical efforts have met limited success to date. the spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica hispanica) is a wild caprine originating exclusively in the mountains of spain. this study was designed to evaluate the fertilizing capability of cryopreserved spanish ibex epididymal sper ... | 2006 | 16376980 |
| contact rates and exposure to inter-species disease transmission in mountain ungulates. | the risk for a pathogen to cross the species barrier depends on the rate of efficient contacts between the species. however, contact rates between species have rarely been estimated from observations. here we estimate contact rates and exposure of chamois rupicapra rupicapra and alpine ibex capra ibex exposed to domestic pasteurellosis and brucellosis carried by sheep or cattle herds summering in mountain pastures. we use field observation data on animal positions treated in a geographic informa ... | 2006 | 16409647 |
| sex-difference in the ossification rate of the appendicular skeleton in capra pyrenaica schinz, 1838, and its utility in the sex identification of long bones. | the main goal of our work is to quantify differences in the rate of ossification in post-cranial iberian ibex skeletons, related to sex. another objective is to improve criteria for assessing the sex of post-cranial bones by combining the degree of ossification of the distal epiphysis and biometrical data. forty capra pyrenaica skeletons were examined in order to determine the degree of ossification by means of an ossification index. our results evidence that sexual differences in the rate of os ... | 2006 | 16542170 |
| effect of egg yolk concentration on cryopreserving spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica) epididymal spermatozoa. | tris-egg yolk based diluents provide adequate cryoprotection for the sperm of most wild species in which they have been tested. the objective of the current study was to evaluate various tris-based diluents containing different concentrations of egg yolk, for the fertilizing ability of epididymal spermatozoa of the spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica) after freezing and thawing. for this purpose, we used heterologous in vivo fertilization by intrauterine insemination of domestic goats (capra hircus). ... | 2006 | 16631249 |
| horn quality and postmortem sperm parameters in spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica hispanica). | the horns are secondary sexual characteristics used by males of many ungulate species for intra-sexual fights during the rut. thus, the dominant males with most developed horns are naturally selected for reproduction. several studies have suggested that the quality of the horn, in many wild ruminants, may be correlated with semen quality. the aim of the present study was to determine whether inter-individual differences in levels of horn asymmetry and horn size are related to differences in sper ... | 2007 | 16846702 |
| seroprevalence of neospora caninum in non-carnivorous wildlife from spain. | serum samples from 1034 non-carnivorous wildlife from spain were tested for antibodies to neospora caninum by competitive screening enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and confirmed by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). high agreement was observed between results in both techniques (kappa value higher than 0.9). prevalences of n. caninum antibodies positive by both techniques were 11.8% of 237 red deer (cervus elaphus), 7.7% of 13 barbary sheep (ammotragus lervia), 6.1% of 33 ro ... | 2007 | 16962706 |
| sarcoptic mange and metapodial development in growing male iberian ibex (capra pyrenaica). | the effect of mange (sarcoptes scabiei) on metapodial growth was studied in 24 uninfested and 16 infested male iberian ibex from sierra nevada national park (southern spain). our results show that infested ibex had smaller metatarsal bones, lower body weight, and a delayed rhythm of ossification, by about 1 year. we conclude that skeletal development and body weight in the iberian ibex are sensitive to sarcoptic mange. | 2007 | 17110041 |
| horn growth related to testosterone secretion in two wild mediterranean ruminant species: the spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica hispanica) and european mouflon (ovis orientalis musimon). | seasonal variations in the horn development and testicular activity of the spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica hispanica) (n=6) and european mouflon (ovis orientalis musimon) (n=5) were monitored to determine the role of increasing testosterone concentration on the arrest of horn growth during the rutting season. marked seasonal variations in the rate of horn growth (p<0.01) and testicular activity (p<0.001) were seen in both species, although the magnitude and timing of these changes were different ( ... | 2007 | 17123755 |
| predicting fluctuations of reintroduced ibex populations: the importance of density dependence, environmental stochasticity and uncertain population estimates. | 1. development of population projections requires estimates of observation error, parameters characterizing expected dynamics such as the specific population growth rate and the form of density regulation, the influence of stochastic factors on population dynamics, and quantification of the uncertainty in the parameter estimates. 2. here we construct a population prediction interval (ppi) based on bayesian state space modelling of future population growth of 28 reintroduced ibex populations in s ... | 2007 | 17302840 |
| detection of dichelobacter nodosus in wild ungulates (capra ibex ibex and ovis aries musimon) and domestic sheep suffering from foot rot using a two-step polymerase chain reaction. | severe keratinous hoof afflictions have been recorded in ibex (capra ibex ibex) since 1995 and more recently in mouflon (ovis aries musimon) in switzerland. based on clinical observations and comparison with diseases known to affect domestic ungulates, it was hypothesized these wild ungulates were affected by foot rot associated with infection with dichelobacter nodosus. dichelobacter nodosus has been shown to be the essential pathogen for initiation and establishment of foot rot, a highly conta ... | 2007 | 17347396 |
| analysis of mitochondrial dna for authentication of meats from chamois (rupicapra rupicapra), pyrenean ibex (capra pyrenaica), and mouflon (ovis ammon) by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. | the prevention of fraudulent labeling of game meat constitutes an important part of food regulatory control and quality assurance systems. a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) analysis based on mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) was developed for authentication of meats from chamois (rupicapra rupicapra), pyrenean ibex (capra pyrenaica), and mouflon (ovis ammon). amplification and restriction site analysis of a dna fragment about 720 base pairs ( ... | 2007 | 17373450 |
| [phylogenetic reconstructions in the genus capra (bovidae, artiodactyla) based on the mitochondrial dna analysis]. | mitochondrial genome fragments were examined in all species of the genus capra (bovidae, artiodactyla). phylogenetic analysis was carried out using 59 cytochrome b gene sequences (392 bp), and 22 sequences of the mtdna variable fragment (402 bp). in the control region, two unique deletions were revealed. one of the deletions was found only in capra cilindricornis (17 bp), while another one grouped c. caucasica with c. aegagrus (1 bp). the group of caucasian wild goats splits into two clades, and ... | 2007 | 17385324 |
| social dominance and breeding activity in spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica) maintained in captivity. | the relationship between ovulatory activity and social dominance was determined in 10 spanish ibex females by recording their plasma progesterone and plasma cortisol levels. in a second experiment, the influence of dominance status on the establishment of pregnancy after introduction to males during late anoestrous (late october) was evaluated in another nine females. dominance hierarchies were established in both groups by noting agonistic interactions between the individual females. six high-r ... | 2007 | 17394791 |
| age-dependent genetic effects on a secondary sexual trait in male alpine ibex, capra ibex. | secondary sexual traits, such as horns in ungulates, may be good indicators of genetic quality because they are costly to develop. genetic effects on such traits may be revealed by examining correlations between multilocus heterozygosity (mlh) and trait value. correlations between mlh and fitness traits, termed heterozygosity-fitness correlations (hfc), may reflect inbreeding depression or associative overdominance of neutral microsatellite loci with loci directly affecting fitness traits. we in ... | 2007 | 17444905 |
| contagious caprine pleuropneumonia outbreak in captive wild ungulates at al wabra wildlife preservation, state of qatar. | contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (ccpp) caused by mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae is a highly contagious and serious respiratory disease of domestic goats, characterized by coughing, severe respiratory distress, and high mortality rates. the lesions at necropsy are mainly a fibrinous pleuropneumonia with increased straw-colored pleural fluid. an outbreak of ccpp in wild goat (capra aegagrus), nubian ibex (capra ibex nubiana), laristan mouflon (ovis orientalis laristanica), and ger ... | 2007 | 17469281 |
| early onset of vegetation growth vs. rapid green-up: impacts on juvenile mountain ungulates. | seasonal patterns of climate and vegetation growth are expected to be altered by global warming. in alpine environments, the reproduction of birds and mammals is tightly linked to seasonality; therefore such alterations may have strong repercussions on recruitment. we used the normalized difference vegetation index (ndvi), a satellite-based measurement that correlates strongly with aboveground net primary productivity, to explore how annual variations in the timing of vegetation onset and in the ... | 2007 | 17479756 |
| sex- and age-specific survival of the highly dimorphic alpine ibex: evidence for a conservative life-history tactic. | 1. age-specific survival of 215 males and 117 females of the highly sexually dimorphic alpine ibex capra ibex (l.) was assessed from a 21-year capture-mark-recapture (cmr) programme (1983-2004). the study covered two contrasted periods of population performance (high performance from 1983 to 1997 vs. low performance from 1998 onwards). 2. based on current life-history theories for sexually dimorphic species, we expected that survival should decrease with age in both sexes, female survival should ... | 2007 | 17584373 |
| mycoplasmas isolated from spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica hispanica): frequency and risk factors. | 2007 | 17675635 | |
| molecular characterization of cryptosporidium from animal sources in qinghai province of china. | the presence of cryptosporidium oocysts in 20 zoo animals of the xining zoo, 16 farm yaks and 42 farm goats in qinghai province, china was investigated by an immunofluorescence test (ift). the species and/or genotypes were determined by nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequence analysis of a fragment of the small subunit (ssu) rrna gene. cryptosporidium oocysts were found in 16 zoo animals, 2 yaks, and 15 goats by ift. the ift positive samples were further investigated by pcr, and 16 o ... | 2007 | 17701218 |
| recovery and cryopreservation of spanish ibex epididymal spermatozoa. | a tris-citric acid-glucose (tcg) diluent containing low concentrations (6%) of egg yolk, and a tcg extender containing lactose (without egg yolk), were compared for use in the cryopreservation of spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica) epididymal spermatozoa. to optimize the collection of epididymal spermatozoa, two spermatozoa recovery methods were tested: i) by using small cuts in the cauda epididymides and ii) by the application of air pressure (from a syringe) inside the vas deferens. the percentage ... | 2007 | 18357960 |
| ibex-associated malignant catarrhal fever in a bongo antelope (tragelaphus euryceros). | a 4-yr-old male bongo antelope (tragelaphus euryceros) died after an acute clinical course involving a febrile illness, anorexia, lethargy, minor oculonasal discharge, and diarrhea. histologic lesions were compatible with malignant catarrhal fever (mcf). polymerase chain reaction (pcr) revealed an amplified region of a herpesviral dna polymerase gene sequence nearly identical to that of a mcf virus previously identified in nubian ibex (capra nubiana). the bongo had been housed across from an exh ... | 2007 | 17939356 |
| current distribution and status of himalayan ibex in upper neelum valley, district neelum azad jammu and kashmir, pakistan. | nine months field survey was conducted from july 2004 to august 2005 to take the data on the distribution and population status of himalayan ibex (capra ibex sibirica) in the upper neelum valley of azad kashmir. survey was carried out using direct (senses) as well as indirect (sampling) methods. 122 animals of different categories were recorded in the study area. total average population was composed of 31.79% male, 32.79% female, 25.41% young and 9.84% yearling animals. various threats to the p ... | 2007 | 19090115 |
| the ion-optical prototype of the low energy neutral atom sensor of the interstellar boundary explorer mission (ibex). | the direct measurement of the energetic neutral atoms originating from the heliospheric termination shock and beyond as well as neutral interstellar gas penetrating into the heliosphere requires a very sensitive neutral particle imaging instrument in the energy range of 10-1000 ev. we present the development of the prototype of the low energy sensor for the interstellar boundary explorer (ibex) mission: ibex-lo is a neutral particle mass spectrometer dedicated to the measurement of energetic neu ... | 2007 | 18163739 |
| differences in biomarkers of type ii collagen in atrophic and hypertrophic osteoarthritis of the hip: implications for the differing pathobiologies. | cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis (oa) involves the excessive degradation and increased synthesis of cartilage matrix macromolecules including type ii collagen (cii) and proteoglycans. the lack of osteophytes (atrophic form of oa) has been shown to be a disease severity factor in hip oa. since osteophyte formation involves endochondral ossification and a cartilage intermediate, atrophic oa may also exhibit differences in cartilage turnover compared to hypertrophic oa. cartilage serum bioma ... | 2007 | 17055306 |
| pcr identification of meats from chamois (rupicapra rupicapra), pyrenean ibex (capra pyrenaica), and mouflon (ovis ammon) targeting specific sequences from the mitochondrial d-loop region. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed for the identification of meats from chamois (rupicapra rupicapra), pyrenean ibex (capra pyrenaica), and mouflon (ovis ammon) by using oligonucleotides targeting mitochondrial d-loop sequences. a d-loop region (~700-1000 bp) was firstly amplified and sequenced from various game and domestic meat dnas, and three primer sets were then designed on the basis of nucleotide multialignment of the generated d-loop sequences. as expected from sequence ... | 2007 | 22061240 |
| authentication of meat from game and domestic species by snapshot minisequencing analysis. | the aim of the present study is to develop an assay for the specific identification of meat from capreolus capreolus, cervus elaphus, capra ibex, rupicapra rupicapra, targeting sequences of the cytochrome b (cyt b) gene of mitochondrial dna. the assay is also intended to enable differentiation between meat from these wild species as well as ovis aries, capra hircus, bubalus bubalis, bos taurus and sus scrofa domestic species. the primers used in the preliminary pcr were designed in well conserve ... | 2008 | 22063325 |
| a mass analysis technique using coincidence measurements from the interstellar boundary explorer-hi (approximately 0.3- approximately 6 kev) detector. | nasa's interstellar boundary explorer (ibex) mission, scheduled to launch in october 2008, will make the first observations of charge exchange energetic neutral atoms (enas) produced near the edge of the heliosphere. ibex will measure these enas with two ultra-high sensitivity, single-pixel ena sensors in the energy range of approximately 0.01- approximately 2 kev (ibex-lo) and approximately 0.3- approximately 6 kev (ibex-hi), respectively. the primary purpose of ibex is to measure hydrogen enas ... | 2008 | 19044461 |
| computer programs: onesamp: a program to estimate effective population size using approximate bayesian computation. | the estimation of effective population size from one sample of genotypes has been problematic because most estimators have been proven imprecise or biased. we developed a web-based program, onesamp that uses approximate bayesian computation to estimate effective population size from a sample of microsatellite genotypes. onesamp requires an input file of sampled individuals' microsatellite genotypes along with information about several sampling and biological parameters. onesamp provides an estim ... | 2008 | 21585773 |
| epidemiology of fasciolosis affecting iberian ibex (capra pyrenaica) in southern spain. | between 1995 and 2006, we surveyed the presence of fasciola hepatica in iberian ibex (capra pyrenaica) from andalucía (southern spain) by both necropsy (n = 2,096) and coprological approaches (n = 380). most of the samples came from the sierra nevada mountain range (n = 1,884 and 267, respectively), and all positive cases involved animals from this location. the prevalence reached 0.53% by necropsy and 1.87% by faecal examination. taking into account both diagnostic methodologies and the total n ... | 2008 | 18092179 |
| evidence for introgressive hybridization of captive markhor (capra falconeri) with domestic goat: cautions for reintroduction. | markhors (capra falconeri) are among the most endangered mammal species, and several conservation measures, including ex situ breeding, are implemented to prevent their extinction. we studied sequence diversity and differentiation of the first hypervariable segment of the mitochondrial dna control region among c. f. heptneri and c. f. megaceros kept in four zoos in relationship to lineages of other wild and domestic goats, to assess for the first time the level of molecular distinctness and vari ... | 2008 | 18228130 |
| fecal testosterone is elevated in high ranking female ibexes (capra nubiana) and associated with increased aggression and a preponderance of male offspring. | we monitored fecal testosterone and progesterone levels in 26 adult ibexes (17 males, 9 females) in a captive herd nubian ibex held on 250 ha tract to test if testosterone is associated with dominance. the ibexes were observed over a 20-month period, and including two mating seasons, during which time we collected fecal samples twice during early gestation and postpartum intervals and once during lactation and pre-rut season intervals. the social hierarchy was linear with age in adult males and ... | 2008 | 18242683 |
| cross-sensitization between milk proteins: reactivity to a "kosher" epitope? | immunoglobulin e-mediated allergy to cow's milk protein represents a major problem for infants who are not breast fed. a search for substitute milks revealed a cross-allergenicity to milk derived from goat and sheep but not to milk from a mare. we noted that the cow, goat and sheep species are both artiodactyls and ruminants, defining them as kosher animals, in contrast to the mare. | 2008 | 18300584 |
| hematologic and biochemical values for spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica) captured via drive-net and box-trap. | between october 2002 and september 2004, 70 free-ranging spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica) were captured in catalonia, northeastern spain, using two different physical methods, drive-net (n=26) and box-trap (n=44). blood samples were taken to determine 20 hematologic and 23 biochemical variables. values obtained fell within already published reference intervals, with the following exceptions: higher values for red blood cells (rbc), packed cell volume (pcv), white blood cells (wbc), eosinophil coun ... | 2008 | 18957652 |
| real-time pcr for quantitative detection of chamois (rupicapra rupicapra) and pyrenean ibex (capra pyrenaica) in meat mixtures. | a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique was developed for the quantification of chamois and pyrenean ibex dnas in meat mixtures by using a sybr green detection platform. two species-specific systems and a eukaryotic endogenous system were combined in the real-time pcr approach to quantify the target species. in the specific systems, a 133 base pair (bp) fragment of the 12s rrna gene was amplified from chamois dna, and an 88 bp fragment from the d-loop region was amplif ... | 2008 | 18376592 |
| epidemiology of mycoplasma agalactiae infection in free-ranging spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica) in andalusia, southern spain. | mycoplasma agalactiae is the main causal agent of contagious agalactia syndrome in spain. it is a severe disease of small ruminants, endemic in mediterranean countries, that is characterized by mastitis, arthritis, and keratoconjunctivitis. this paper investigates the temporal, spatial, and host-related factors in the distribution of m. agalactiae infection from october 1996 to november 1998 and march 2002 to may 2003 in spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica) populations from andalusia, in southern spai ... | 2008 | 18436669 |
| small ruminant lentivirus proviral sequences from wild ibexes in contact with domestic goats. | small ruminant lentiviruses (srlv) are widespread amongst domesticated goats and sheep worldwide, but have not been clearly identified in wild small ruminants, where they might constitute an animal health risk through contamination from local domesticates. srlv proviruses from three ibexes from the french alps are described and sequences from their gag gene and long terminal repeats (ltrs) were compared with sequences from local goats and goat/ibex hybrids. the ibex and hybrid proviruses formed ... | 2008 | 18474564 |
| a comparison of the protective action of chicken and quail egg yolk in the cryopreservation of spanish ibex epididymal spermatozoa. | egg yolk-based diluents provide adequate cryoprotection for the sperm of several mammalian species. traditionally, chicken egg yolk has been used as additive for the freeze preservation of spermatozoa because of its wide availability. variations in the chemical composition of the egg yolk of different avian species appear to influence the protection afforded during cooling, freezing, and thawing. the aim of the present study was to assess the use of quail egg yolk as a novel additive for the epi ... | 2008 | 18571154 |
| skin-scale genetic structure of sarcoptes scabiei populations from individual hosts: empirical evidence from iberian ibex-derived mites. | the objective of the present study was to examine the extent of genetic diversity among sarcoptes scabiei individuals belonging to different skin subunits of the body from individual mangy hosts. ten microsatellite primers were applied on 44 individual s. scabiei mites from three mangy iberian ibexes from sierra nevada mountain in spain. dendrograms of the mites from the individual iberian ibexes, showing the proportion of shared alleles between pairs of individual mites representing three skin ... | 2008 | 18758821 |
| kit-positive gastrointestinal stromal tumours in two spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica hispanica). | gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumours from two spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica hispanica) were examined grossly, histologically and immunohistochemically. one neoplasm was a 1.5 kg tan multinodular cavitated mass in the forestomach. the other tumour was a firm mural mass 1.2 cm in diameter in the colon. microscopically, both tumours were formed mainly by spindle shaped cells arranged in closely packed interlacing fascicles. neoplastic cells in both tumours labelled positively for kit (cd117), vimen ... | 2008 | 17702621 |
| detection of mycoplasma conjunctivae in the eyes of healthy, free-ranging alpine ibex: possible involvement of alpine ibex as carriers for the main causing agent of infectious keratoconjunctivitis in wild caprinae. | mycoplasma conjunctivae is considered the major cause of infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ikc) in alpine ibex (capra i. ibex) and chamois (rupicapra r. rupicapra). while it is known that domestic sheep can act as healthy carriers for m. conjunctivae, this question has not been addressed in wild ungulates so far. in this study, bacteriological investigations and field observations were performed to assess whether free-ranging alpine ibex can be healthy carriers of m. conjunctivae. among 136 ibex ... | 2009 | 18834681 |
| rumen protozoal diversity in the spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica hispanica) as compared with domestic goats (capra hircus). | rumen protozoal diversity in the spanish ibex (si) was studied in males (n=4), females (n=7) and young (n=4) from the maestrazgo (spain) and contrasted with domestic goats (n=3; dg) of the same region. there were no differences among si types in protozoal concentration or in the number of protozoal species. only protozoa from the genus entodinium were observed in si (seven species), the highest numbers corresponding to e. damae, e. ovibos and e. parvum. dg harboured threefold more species than s ... | 2009 | 18929470 |
| temperature constraints on foraging behaviour of male alpine ibex (capra ibex) in summer. | in arctic and alpine environments, warm summer temperatures may force a reduction in foraging time of large herbivores, whose tolerance for heat is lower than for species adapted to warmer weather. we constructed time budgets for marked ibex (capra ibex) males over two summers to test whether warm temperatures constrained foraging behaviour and forced altitudinal migrations. as daily temperature and solar radiation increased, feeding activity was reduced at midday and evening, but increased in t ... | 2009 | 18987895 |
| high prevalence of antibodies against chlamydiaceae and chlamydophila abortus in wild ungulates using two "in house" blocking-elisa tests. | few data are available on the prevalence and relevance of chlamydiae in wild mammals, and even fewer studies have been conducted to determine the prevalence of chlamydophila abortus in wildlife hosts, most probably due to the absence of suitable species-specific serological assays for testing sera from wild animals. in light of this, we have developed two in-house blocking-elisa tests for detection of antibodies against chlamydiaceae and c. abortus in wild ungulates, and analyzed the relationshi ... | 2009 | 19010612 |
| first birth of an animal from an extinct subspecies (capra pyrenaica pyrenaica) by cloning. | two experiments have been performed to clone the bucardo, an extinct wild goat. the karyoplasts were thawed fibroblasts derived from skin biopsies, obtained and cryopreserved in 1999 from the last living specimen, a female, which died in 2000. cytoplasts were mature oocytes collected from the oviducts of superovulated domestic goats. oocytes were enucleated and coupled to bucardo's fibroblasts by electrofusion. reconstructed embryos were cultured for 36h or 7d and transferred to either spanish i ... | 2009 | 19167744 |
| cryopreservation of spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica) sperm obtained by electroejaculation outside the rutting season. | the effectiveness of electroejaculation for obtaining spanish ibex sperm samples for freeze preserving outside the rutting season was evaluated-the aim being to optimise biological resources for the establishment of germplasm banks. the effect of different egg yolk concentrations (6% or 12%, v/v) in diluents of different buffer composition (tris-citric acid buffer or tes-tris buffer) on frozen-thawed samples of the above also investigated. experiments were undertaken with six ibex males in febru ... | 2009 | 19233455 |
| the mycoplasma conjunctivae genome sequencing, annotation and analysis. | the mollicute mycoplasma conjunctivae is the etiological agent leading to infectious keratoconjunctivitis (ikc) in domestic sheep and wild caprinae. although this pathogen is relatively benign for domestic animals treated by antibiotics, it can lead wild animals to blindness and death. this is a major cause of death in the protected species in the alps (e.g., capra ibex, rupicapra rupicapra). | 2009 | 19534756 |
| analysing the isotopic life history of the alpine ungulates capra ibex and rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra through their horns. | the horn of ungulate grazers offers a valuable isotopic record of their diet and environment. however, there have been no reports of the spatio-temporal variation of the isotopic composition of horns. we investigated patterns of carbon (delta(13)c) and nitrogen (delta(15)n) isotopic composition along and perpendicular to the horn axis in capra ibex and rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra to assess the effects of animal age, within-year (seasonal) and inter-annual variation, natural contamination and s ... | 2009 | 19575404 |
| revival of extinct species using nuclear transfer: hope for the mammoth, true for the pyrenean ibex, but is it time for "conservation cloning"? | recent accomplishments in the fields of nuclear transfer and genomics, such as the cloned offspring production from frozen mouse cells, cryopreserved at not too low temperatures without cryoprotectors; or the sequencing of wooly mammoth genome, have opened the opportunity for the revival of extinct species. as expected, they are receiving a lot of publicity in the media and also scientific attention. furthermore, it was recently published the "revival" of the first extinct subspecie: the pyrenea ... | 2009 | 19594389 |
| bronchopulmonary nematode infection of capra pyrenaica in the sierra nevada massif, spain. | the present investigation examined the prevalence and abundance of bronchopulmonary nematodes in 213 randomly hunted iberian ibexes (capra pyrenaica) (87 females and 126 males) in the sierra nevada mountain range in spain between 2003 and 2006. post mortem examination revealed an overall prevalence of 72% for adult nematodes (cystocaulus ocreatus 44%, muellerius capillaris 44%, protostrongylus sp. 40%, and dictyocaulus filaria 4%). the abundances were 13.45+/-3.97, 5.18+/-2.49, 6.36+/-2.16, and ... | 2009 | 19596519 |
| a palaeolithic map from 13,660 calbp: engraved stone blocks from the late magdalenian in abauntz cave (navarra, spain). | an engraved block from the cave of abauntz is interpreted as a magdalenian map in which the actual surrounding landscape, including mountains, rivers, and ponds, is represented. some possible routes or avenues of access to different parts of the geography are also engraved on the landscape. the engraving seems to reproduce the meandering course of a river crossing the upper part of side a of the block, joined by two tributaries near two mountains. one of these is identical to the mountain that c ... | 2009 | 19625071 |
| influence of recovery method and microbial contamination on the response to freezing-thawing in ibex (capra pyrenaica) epididymal spermatozoa. | the method of sperm recovery may influence the initial quality of sperm samples and their response to freezing-thawing. the aim of the present work was to compare two methods for collecting epididymal spermatozoa in order to improve the quality of recovered sperm and reduce possible contamination. testes were obtained from 23 legally hunted, adult ibex males. the sperm mass of the right epididymis was collected by small longitudinal and transverse cuts made in the cauda epididymidis. the sperm m ... | 2009 | 19786008 |
| global observations of the interstellar interaction from the interstellar boundary explorer (ibex). | the sun moves through the local interstellar medium, continuously emitting ionized, supersonic solar wind plasma and carving out a cavity in interstellar space called the heliosphere. the recently launched interstellar boundary explorer (ibex) spacecraft has completed its first all-sky maps of the interstellar interaction at the edge of the heliosphere by imaging energetic neutral atoms (enas) emanating from this region. we found a bright ribbon of ena emission, unpredicted by prior models or th ... | 2009 | 19833923 |
| structures and spectral variations of the outer heliosphere in ibex energetic neutral atom maps. | the interstellar boundary explorer (ibex) has obtained all-sky images of energetic neutral atoms emitted from the heliosheath, located between the solar wind termination shock and the local interstellar medium (lism). these flux maps reveal distinct nonthermal (0.2 to 6 kilo-electron volts) heliosheath proton populations with spectral signatures ordered predominantly by ecliptic latitude. the maps show a globally distributed population of termination-shock-heated protons and a superimposed ribbo ... | 2009 | 19833918 |
| direct observations of interstellar h, he, and o by the interstellar boundary explorer. | neutral gas of the local interstellar medium flows through the inner solar system while being deflected by solar gravity and depleted by ionization. the dominating feature in the energetic neutral atom interstellar boundary explorer (ibex) all-sky maps at low energies is the hydrogen, helium, and oxygen interstellar gas flow. the he and o flow peaked around 8 february 2009 in accordance with gravitational deflection, whereas h dominated after 26 march 2009, consistent with approximate balance of ... | 2009 | 19833917 |
| width and variation of the ena flux ribbon observed by the interstellar boundary explorer. | the dominant feature in interstellar boundary explorer (ibex) sky maps of heliospheric energetic neutral atom (ena) flux is a ribbon of enhanced flux that extends over a broad range of ecliptic latitudes and longitudes. it is narrow (approximately 20 degrees average width) but long (extending over 300 degrees in the sky) and is observed at energies from 0.2 to 6 kilo-electron volts. we demonstrate that the flux in the ribbon is a factor of 2 to 3 times higher than that of the more diffuse, globa ... | 2009 | 19833916 |
| comparison of interstellar boundary explorer observations with 3d global heliospheric models. | simulations of energetic neutral atom (ena) maps predict flux magnitudes that are, in some cases, similar to those observed by the interstellar boundary explorer (ibex) spacecraft, but they miss the ribbon. our model of the heliosphere indicates that the local interstellar medium (lism) magnetic field (b(lism)) is transverse to the line of sight (los) along the ribbon, suggesting that the ribbon may carry its imprint. the force-per-unit area on the heliopause from field line draping and the lism ... | 2009 | 19833915 |
| a strong genetic footprint of the re-introduction history of alpine ibex (capra ibex ibex). | a population's neutral genetic variation is a composite of its size, degree of isolation and demographic history. bottlenecks and founder events increase genetic drift, leading to the loss of genetic variation and increased genetic differentiation among populations. gene flow has the opposite effects. thus, gene flow can override the genetic patterns caused by founder events. using 37 microsatellite loci, we investigated the effects of serial bottlenecks on genetic variation and differentiation ... | 2009 | 19912536 |
| acute phase protein response in alpine ibex with sarcoptic mange. | the acute phase proteins (app) are a group of serum proteins that change their concentration in animals following external or internal challenges, such as infection, inflammation or stress. the concentrations of four apps, including serum amyloid a (saa), haptoglobin (hp), alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (agp) and ceruloplasmin (cp) were determined in serum collected from healthy alpine ibexes (capra ibex) and ibexes with sarcoptes scabiei mange. primary structures of all four apps were determined by ... | 2010 | 20036058 |
| the influence of washing spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica) sperm on the effects of cryopreservation in dependency of the photoperiod. | extenders containing low concentrations of egg yolk are recommended for cryopreserving ibex spermatozoa. however, the phylogenetic relationship of the spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica) with domestic goats suggests that phospholipases in the seminal plasma may have a negative effect on the response to freezing-thawing when egg yolk-based diluents are employed. the aim of the current work was to determine how seminal plasma removal from spanish ibex semen, collected by electroejaculation over a perio ... | 2010 | 20092881 |
| effect of sexual segregation on host-parasite interaction: model simulation for abomasal parasite dynamics in alpine ibex (capraibex). | we investigated whether sexual segregation might affect parasite transmission and host dynamics, hypothesising that if males are the more heavily infected sex and more responsible for the transmission of parasite infections, female avoidance of males and the space they occupy could reduce infection rates. a mathematical model, simulating the interaction between abomasal parasites and a hypothetical alpine ibex (capraibex) host population composed of its two sexes, was developed to predict the ef ... | 2010 | 20430029 |
| absence of tb in iberian ibex (capra pyrenaica) in a high-risk area. | 2010 | 20511661 | |
| assisted reproduction in mediterranean wild ruminants: lessons from the spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica). | despite apparent progress in reproductive technology as applied to wild ruminants, the success achieved in terms of the number of offspring that become healthy adults has remained low. difficulties often arise through a lack of knowledge regarding appropriate cryopreservation techniques, and indeed through a lack of detailed information on the reproductive physiology of the species in question. the spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica) is a wild caprid found exclusively in the mountains of iberia; only ... | 2010 | 21755689 |
| sarcoptes scabiei: specific immune response to sarcoptic mange in the iberian ibex capra pyrenaica depends on previous exposure and sex. | host acquired immunity is a critical factor that conditions the survival of parasites. nevertheless, there is a shortage of data concerning inter-individual immunological inequalities in wild mammals. sarcoptic mange is a widespread parasitosis that severely affects mammals such as the iberian ibex (capra pyrenaica). despite some work on the subject, the immune response to sarcoptic mange infestation is still a complex and poorly understood phenomenon. to improve knowledge of the host-sarcoptes ... | 2010 | 19857492 |
| genetic variability of haemonchus contortus (nematoda: trichostrongyloidea) in alpine ruminant host species. | genetic variability of the ovine parasite haemonchus contortus from the alpine area was investigated using mitochondrial dna (nd4 gene), internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 and microsatellites, in order to assess whether cross-transmission between domestic and wild ruminants occurs. the dataset was composed of 78 individual adult male h. contortus collected from chamois (rupicapra r. rupicapra), roe deer (capreolus capreolus), alpine ibex (capra ibex ibex), domestic goat (capra hircus) and shee ... | 2010 | 19889245 |
| freezability of iberian ibex (capra pyrenaica) spermatozoa according to the glycerolization temperature and plasma testosterone concentration. | ibex spermatozoa can be successfully frozen using glycerolated media. however, no information is available regarding the most effective method of glycerol addition in this species. the aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of the glycerolization temperature on the response to freezing-thawing of ibex spermatozoa collected by electroejaculation. the effect of the interaction glycerolization temperature x plasma testosterone concentration was also evaluated. the spermatozoa used in th ... | 2010 | 20654610 |
| mycoplasma agalactiae in iberian ibex (capra pyrenaica) in spain. | 2010 | 20834008 | |
| characterization of mycoplasma isolated from an ibex (capra ibex) suffering from keratoconjunctivitis in northern italy. | in 2005 a mycoplasma species was isolated from ocular-conjunctival swabs from an adult male alpine ibex (capra ibex) from the valle d'aosta region, northern italy. the animal suffered from bilateral ocular discharge with diffuse inflammation, severe corneal involvement of the left eye and mild corneal opacity of the right eye. histologic examination revealed a keratoconjunctivitis characterized by lymphocytic and plasmacellular infiltration. laboratory investigations of the isolate included cult ... | 2010 | 20966258 |
| negative effect of the arthropod parasite, sarcoptes scabiei, on testes mass in iberian ibex, capra pyrenaica. | testes mass is a key factor in male reproductive success and is potentially exposed to so-called 'parasitic castration'. this is the result of the direct destruction or alteration of reproductive cell lineages (parasitic castration sensu stricto), or the indirect detrimental effects - for example, via body condition - on the ability of progenitors to produce or rear offspring (parasitic castration sensu lato). there are enormous gaps in our knowledge on the effects of parasites on the testes of ... | 2010 | 21074328 |
| epidemiological surveillance of bluetongue virus serotypes 1, 4 and 8 in spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica hispanica) in southern spain. | a cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the prevalence and circulation of bluetongue virus (btv) in spanish ibexes (capra pyrenaica hispanica). a total of 770 sera samples, 380 blood samples and 34 spleen samples were collected between 2006 and 2009 in andalusia (southern spain), a region and time period with a wide circulation of btv in livestock. thirty-one out of 770 (4.0%; ci(95%): 2.6-5.4) sera samples analyzed by elisa showed antibodies against btv. twenty-four out of 31 seroposi ... | 2010 | 21111545 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum antibodies in spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica hispanica). | a cross-sectional study was carried out on spanish ibex populations in southern spain to assess the seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum and to investigate the risk factors associated with these infections. using the modified agglutination test, the seroprevalence to t. gondii was 27.5% (146/531; ci(95%), 23.7-31.3), and this seropositivity significantly increased with age. among adults, statistically significant differences were observed between geographical locations and ov ... | 2010 | 21159529 |
| use of acepromazine for stress control in spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica) captured by drive-net. | capture and restraint can induce stress in wild animals and tranquilizers may be beneficial in preventing some of the more adverse effects. a short-acting neuroleptic agent (acepromazine) was assessed in 25 spanish ibexes (capra pyrenaica) captured by drive-net. the animals were divided into a control group (14 ibexes) and a treated group (11 ibexes). heart rate and rectal temperature, as well as haematological and biochemical parameters, were used to evaluate the effects of tranquilization duri ... | 2010 | 19071042 |
| evidence of peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv) infection in sindh ibex (capra aegagrus blythi) in pakistan as confirmed by detection of antigen and antibody. | an outbreak resulting in mortality in sindh ibex (capra aegagrus blythi) was investigated. there was a history of about 36 deaths (both young and adult) during the period of 1 month. disease appeared in a generalized form, affecting the respiratory and digestive systems. major lesions were respiratory distress, pustules on and in the mouth, ocular-nasal discharges, and severe diarrhea. the most significant lesion was the oculonasal discharges and diarrhea. deaths were mainly due to blindness, an ... | 2011 | 21221782 |
| genetic variants of anaplasma phagocytophilum in wild caprine and cervid ungulates from the alps in tyrol, austria. | the occurrence of genetic variants of anaplasma phagocytophilum was studied in wild ungulates from the northern and central eastern alps in tyrol, austria. for this purpose, spleen samples collected from 53 game animals during the hunting season 2008/2009 (16 roe deer [capreolus capreolus], 10 red deer [cervus elaphus], 16 alpine chamois [rupicapra r. rupicapra], 7 alpine ibex [capra i. ibex], and 4 european mouflons [ovis orientalis musimon]) were analyzed. thirty-five animals originated from t ... | 2011 | 21323423 |
| epizootiologic investigations of selected abortive agents in free-ranging alpine ibex (capra ibex ibex) in switzerland. | in the early 2000s, several colonies of alpine ibex (capra ibex ibex) in switzerland ceased growing or began to decrease. reproductive problems due to infections with abortive agents might have negatively affected recruitment. we assessed the presence of selected agents of abortion in alpine ibex by serologic, molecular, and culture techniques and evaluated whether infection with these agents might have affected population densities. blood and fecal samples were collected from 651 ibex in 14 col ... | 2011 | 21719818 |
| effect of post-mortem time on post-thaw characteristics of spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica) spermatozoa. | viable epididymal sperm can be obtained in the spanish ibex during 24h after death, but it has been observed a significant effect of the post-mortem time on fertility success, so only goats inseminated with semen recovery during the first 8h became pregnant. the aim of this study was to determine the effect of post-mortem time on epididymal semen samples from of spanish ibex. for this purpose, sperm samples from 36 males were collected at different post-mortem times, from 2 to 24h, and cryoprese ... | 2011 | 22014412 |
| ibex-associated malignant catarrhal fever-like disease in a group of bongo antelope (tragelaphus eurycerus). | a private zoological facility experienced an outbreak of malignant catarrhal fever (mcf) in 3 bongo antelope (tragelaphus eurycerus). all cases were periparturient bongos that presented acutely anorectic beginning ∼6 weeks after being housed with a nubian ibex. disease quickly progressed to respiratory distress and death within 24-72 hours of onset of clinical signs. consistent gross findings in affected bongos were pulmonary edema and small pale tan foci in the livers. histological lesions incl ... | 2011 | 22194357 |
| effects of anesthetic protocols on electroejaculation variables of iberian ibex (capra pyrenaica). | the effects of three intramuscular anesthesia protocols--detomidine 190 μg/kg plus ketamine 2 mg/kg, detomidine 270 μg/kg plus ketamine 1.4 mg/kg, and tiletamine 3.4 mg/kg plus zolazepam 3.4 mg/kg--on penis protrusion and ejaculation variables were compared in nine captive spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica) subjected to electroejaculation. body temperature, heart, and respiratory rates, as well as a number of plasma biochemical variables were also recorded prior to and during anesthesia. the detomid ... | 2011 | 20542308 |
| seasonal variation in reproductive physiological status in the iberian ibex (capra pyrenaica) and its relationship with sperm freezability. | the present work examines the relationship between seasonal changes in testicular function, accessory gland size, and horn growth in iberian ibexes, as well as the relationship between these changes and the resistance of ibex spermatozoa to freezing-thawing. the size of the bulbourethral glands and seminal vesicles showed pronounced monthly variation (p < 0.001), which was correlated positively with the plasma testosterone concentration (p < 0.001) and scrotal circumference (p < 0.001). the size ... | 2011 | 21855981 |
| birds of a feather: neanderthal exploitation of raptors and corvids. | the hypothesis that neanderthals exploited birds for the use of their feathers or claws as personal ornaments in symbolic behaviour is revolutionary as it assigns unprecedented cognitive abilities to these hominins. this inference, however, is based on modest faunal samples and thus may not represent a regular or systematic behaviour. here we address this issue by looking for evidence of such behaviour across a large temporal and geographical framework. our analyses try to answer four main quest ... | 2012 | 23029321 |
| a novel approach for choosing summary statistics in approximate bayesian computation. | the choice of summary statistics is a crucial step in approximate bayesian computation (abc). since statistics are often not sufficient, this choice involves a trade-off between loss of information and reduction of dimensionality. the latter may increase the efficiency of abc. here, we propose an approach for choosing summary statistics based on boosting, a technique from the machine-learning literature. we consider different types of boosting and compare them to partial least-squares regression ... | 2012 | 22960215 |
| effect of acepromazine and haloperidol in male iberian ibex (capra pyrenaica) captured by box-trap. | short-acting neuroleptic drugs are used to prevent adverse effects of stress in wildlife. we compared the effect of acepromazine and haloperidol in iberian ibex (capra pyrenaica) captured with box-traps. we captured 23 male iberian ibex at the national game reserve of ports de tortosa i beseit, northeastern spain, march 2003-june 2005. seven animals received 0.1 mg/kg of acepromazine maleate, eight received 0.33 mg/kg of haloperidol and eight animals acted as controls. clinical, hematologic, and ... | 2012 | 22740543 |
| role of testosterone and photoperiod on seasonal changes in horn growth and sperm variables in the iberian ibex: a model for polygynous wild bovids. | this work examines the effect of testosterone secretion and photoperiod on seasonal changes in horn growth and sperm variables in the iberian ibex (capra pyrenaica), here used as a model for polygynous wild bovids. the hypothesis that high levels of testosterone provide an endocrine signal that inhibits horn growth in autumn was tested by assessing the effect of cyproterone acetate (ca), an anti-androgen, administered in october - coinciding with the period of natural increases in plasma testost ... | 2012 | 22645301 |
| the heliosphere's interstellar interaction: no bow shock. | as the sun moves through the local interstellar medium, its supersonic, ionized solar wind carves out a cavity called the heliosphere. recent observations from the interstellar boundary explorer (ibex) spacecraft show that the relative motion of the sun with respect to the interstellar medium is slower and in a somewhat different direction than previously thought. here, we provide combined consensus values for this velocity vector and show that they have important implications for the global int ... | 2012 | 22582011 |
| standardizing the double-observer survey method for estimating mountain ungulate prey of the endangered snow leopard. | mountain ungulates around the world have been threatened by illegal hunting, habitat modification, increased livestock grazing, disease and development. mountain ungulates play an important functional role in grasslands as primary consumers and as prey for wild carnivores, and monitoring of their populations is important for conservation purposes. however, most of the several currently available methods of estimating wild ungulate abundance are either difficult to implement or too expensive for ... | 2012 | 22231373 |
| coprological analyses on apparently healthy alpine ibex (capra ibex ibex) from two swiss colonies. | to provide baseline parasitological data for health surveillance in free-ranging alpine ibex (capra ibex ibex), we assessed the endoparasite population and level of parasitism in apparently healthy ibex. faecal samples from 148 ibex were collected between 2006 and 2008 in two different swiss ibex colonies. they were analysed by coprology, including combined sedimentation/flotation method, sedimentation method, baermann funnel technique and ziehl-neelsen staining. gastrointestinal parasites and l ... | 2012 | 22119388 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors associated to mycobacterium bovis in wild artiodactyl species from southern spain, 2006-2010. | the control of bovine tuberculosis (btb) is at a critical point in the last stage of eradication in livestock. wildlife species recently have emerged infected with tb in europe, particularly ungulates in the iberian peninsula. epidemiological information regarding tb in wild ungulates including affected species, prevalence, associated risk factors and appropriate diagnostic methods need to be obtained in these countries. a cross-sectional study was carried out on wild artiodactyl species, includ ... | 2012 | 22523563 |
| applicability of major histocompatibility complex drb1 alleles as markers to detect vertebrate hybridization: a case study from iberian ibex × domestic goat in southern spain. | hybridization between closely related wild and domestic species is of great concern because it can alter the evolutionary integrity of the affected populations. the high allelic variability of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) loci usually excludes them from being used in studies to detect hybridization events. however, if a) the parental species don't share alleles, and b) one of the parental species possesses an exceptionally low number of alleles (to facilitate analysis), then even mhc l ... | 2012 | 23006678 |
| protection of spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica) against bluetongue virus serotypes 1 and 8 in a subclinical experimental infection. | many wild ruminants such as spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica) are susceptible to bluetongue virus (btv) infection, which causes disease mainly in domestic sheep and cattle. outbreaks involving either btv serotypes 1 (btv-1) and 8 (btv-8) are currently challenging europe. inclusion of wildlife vaccination among btv control measures should be considered in certain species. in the present study, four out of fifteen seronegative spanish ibexes were immunized with a single dose of inactivated vaccine ag ... | 2012 | 22666321 |
| prey preference of snow leopard (panthera uncia) in south gobi, mongolia. | accurate information about the diet of large carnivores that are elusive and inhabit inaccessible terrain, is required to properly design conservation strategies. predation on livestock and retaliatory killing of predators have become serious issues throughout the range of the snow leopard. several feeding ecology studies of snow leopards have been conducted using classical approaches. these techniques have inherent limitations in their ability to properly identify both snow leopard feces and pr ... | 2012 | 22393381 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus in free-ranging wild ruminants in switzerland: low prevalence of infection despite regular interactions with domestic livestock. | 2012 | 23107231 |