Publications

lipid a dependence of the ocular response to circulating endotoxin in rabbits.	the effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharides on ocular vascular permeability were measured after their intravenous injection in rabbits. alterations in ocular vascular permeability were quantitated by the accumulation of 125i-labeled albumin in the enucleated eye compared with that in heart blood (ocular albumin space). two lipopolysaccharides extracted from escherichia coli o111:b4, one with high lipid a content and one with high polysaccharide content, were tested initially, and the one with g ...	1980	7014449
the distribution of lipopolysaccharide in normocomplementemic and c3-depleted rabbits and rhesus monkeys.	to examine the role of complement (c3) in determining the fate of lipopolysaccharide (lps) in vivo, the distribution of lps was studied in normocomplementemic (nc) and c3-depleted animals (pretreated with cobra venom factor [cof]) after intravenous injection of highly purified, radioiodinated salmonella minnesota r595 lps. after injection of a lethal (250 micrograms) or nonlethal (5 micrograms) dose of lps in nc and cof rabbits and a lethal (5 mg/kg) dose of lps in rhesus monkeys, the lps disapp ...	1980	7435537
the response of isolated rabbit hepatic macrophages (h-m macrophage) to lipopolysaccharide (lps).	in order to evaluate the possible role of the hepatic macrophage (h-m macrophage) in lipopolysaccharide-induced shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation (dic), a technique has been developed for the isolation and maintenance in culture of rabbit h-m macrophage. characterization of the resultant cell population by morphology, nonspecific esterase staining, phagocytosis of latex beads, by presence of fc and c3b membrane receptors confirms a pure population of m macrophage without outgrowth ...	1981	7194747
new function for high density lipoproteins. isolation and characterization of a bacterial lipopolysaccharide-high density lipoprotein complex formed in rabbit plasma.	the addition of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) from salmonella minnesota r595 to rabbit plasma results in a marked reduction of the hydrated buoyant density of the parent r595 lps, from 1.38 to less than 1.2 g/cm3. using immunopurified anti-r595 lps antibody covalently linked to sepharose 4b, we were able to separate the altered r595 lps (d less than 1.2 g/cm3) from the remainder of the plasma proteins by elution of the bound material with 2.5 m kscn. the kscn eluate was shown to have a d le ...	1981	7204557
lipid a induction of cytotoxic antibody to cultured syngeneic rat kidney tubular cells.	syngeneic fischer rat kidneys repeatedly injected with lipid a induced a cytotoxic antibody to cultured syngeneic rat kidney tubular cells. to test for antibodies in the serum of immunized animals, we disaggregated syngeneic rat kidney tubular cells with collagenase and trypsin and established them in short-term culture. cultured kidney tubule cells were then radiolabeled 24 hours later with chromium 51 and cultured for an additional 24 hours. rabbit antirat kidney tubule cell antibody served as ...	1981	7230615
subclass-restricted igg polyclonal antibody production in mice injected with lipid a-rich lipopolysaccharides.	the effects of five distinct bacterial lipopolysaccharides (lps) on the induction of polyclonal igm and igg antibodies, including polyclonal autoantibody formation, were investigated in several strains of mice. injections of most lps preparations that contained polysaccharide transiently induced only igm polyclonal antibodies. however, lps from salmonella minnesota r595 (r595 lps), which had a particularly high content of lipid a but lacked o-antigen polysaccharide, induced a markedly prolonged ...	1981	7241048
sensitive measurement of endotoxin by radio-rocket immunoelectrophoresis using [125i] staphylococcus aureus protein a.	antibody directed against the core glycolipid antigen (cgl) of the mutant salmonella minnesota re 595 has been shown to cross-react with endotoxin from bacteria within the group enterobacteriaceae. using this cross-reactive cgl antibody we have developed a sensitive (250 pg) radio-rocket immunoelectrophoretic technique to measure endotoxin. we used the principles of rocket immunoelectrophoresis and increased the sensitivity by using 125 i-labelled staphylococcal protein a which serves as a sensi ...	1981	7264324
phosphate localization in carbohydrates - a study on enterobacterial lipopolysaccharides.	the localization of the phosphate substituents in the core oligosaccharide of the lipopolysaccharides of enterobacteriaceae has been reported for salmonella minnesota and escherichia coli b only. in these cases the localizations were done by a beta-elimination reaction in mild alkaline solution after periodate oxidation. we report now on a method generally applicable on carbohydrates. the localization of phosphate groups and the extent of substitution with phosphate residues in carbohydrates can ...	1981	7023134
interactions of cations with membrane fractions of smooth and rough strains of salmonella typhimurium and other gram-negative bacteria.	addition of cations (20 to 50 mm for mg(2+) or ca(2+) or 100 to 500 mm for na(+)) to n-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-n'-2-ethanesulfonic acid buffer during preparation of membranes from smooth and rough strains of salmonella typhimurium lt2, salmonella minnesota, and escherichia coli o8 had two effects on the composition of the membranes isolated. first, in rough strains of chemotypes ra to re the "total membranes" (pellets from high-speed centrifugation) were deficient in the proteins of the outer m ...	1981	7012132
interactions of lipopolysaccharides, glycolipid, lipid a with acid soluble basement membrane collagen during thermal aggregation.	lipopolysaccharides derived from a number of escherichia coli and salmonella species were incorporated into thermal aggregates acid soluble basement membrane collagens. although most of these endotoxins were noted to inhibit basement membrane collagen aggregation, some lipopolysaccharides possessed little or no inhibitory properties. however, the lipid a derived from all of the latter lipopolysaccharides and the glycolipid from salmonella minnesota r595 were noted to be significant inhibitors of ...	1981	7049550
immune response to parental and rough mutant strains of salmonella minnesota.	specificity of immune response to smooth and rough mutant strains of salmonella minnesota was investigated. immunization of mice with rd and re rough mutants resulted in formation of bactericidal plaque-forming cells directed against the lipopolysaccharide structure of both the mutants and the parental smooth strain. these antibody plaques, however, were not bactericidal for smooth strains of other gram-negative species, i.e., escherichia coli, salmonella typhosa, klebsiella pneumoniae, shigella ...	1981	6793518
monoclonal antibody analysis of lipopolysaccharide from neisseria gonorrhoeae and neisseria meningitidis.	a hybridoma produced by the polyethylene glycol fusion of the ns-1 variant of the p3x63ag8 balb/c plasmacytoma to splenocytes harvested from a balb/c mouse immunized with whole gonococci was found to be producing antibody to a common region on gonococcal lipopolysaccharide (lps). enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition systems were established by utilizing this antibody, designated 3f11, and 100% inhibition occurred with both lps and the lps-lps and lps-derived polysaccharides partially inh ...	1981	6174450
antibody-independent binding of the first component of complement (c1) and its subcomponent c1q to the s and r forms of salmonella minnesota.	strong bactericidal effects of normal guinea pig and human sera against the salmonella minnesota s form and an r form (re) depend on ca2+, complement component c4, and subcomponent c1q of complement component c1. therefore, the interaction of c1 and c1q with these forms was investigated. the bacteria directly bound subcomponent c1q, as demonstrated by fixation and transfer tests and by fluorescent methods. binding of macromolecular c1 was shown by fixation and transfer tests and by c4 consumptio ...	1981	6971812
studies on the mechanism of bacterial resistance to complement-mediated killing. i. terminal complement components are deposited and released from salmonella minnesota s218 without causing bacterial death.	the mechanism of resistance of gram-negative bacteria to killing by complement was investigated. complement consumption and uptake of purified, radiolabeled complement components on bacteria was studied using a serum- sensitive and a serum-resistant strain of salmonella minnesota. twice as many molecules of (125)i c3 were bound per colony-forming unit (cfu) of the smooth, serum-resistant s. minnesota s218 as were bound per cfu of the rough, serum-sensitive s. minnesota re595 in 10 percent pooled ...	1982	6801179
studies on the mechanism of bacterial resistance to complement-mediated killing. ii. c8 and c9 release c5b67 from the surface of salmonella minnesota s218 because the terminal complex does not insert into the bacterial outer membrane.	the mechanism for consumption of terminal complement components and release of bound components from the surface of serum-resistant salmonella minnesota s218 was studied. consumption of c8 and c9 by s218 occurred through interaction with c5b67 on the bacterial surface because c8 and c9 were consumed when added to s218 organisms previously incubated in c8-deficient serum and washed to remove all c5b67 on the bacterial surface because c8 and c9 were consumed when added to s218 organisms previously ...	1982	6801180
the effect of some varying lipid a structures on the inhibition of fibrillogenesis in basement membrane collagen.	acid soluble basement membrane collagen (abmc) was prepared by extraction of the anterior lens capsules from bovine calf eyes in 0.5 m acetic acid in the presence of the protease inhibitors leupeptin and pepstatin. thermal aggregates formed from soluble basement membrane collagen were facilitated by heating (28 degree c) the collagen solutions in 0.15 m phosphate buffer. the effects of endotoxins derived from salmonella minnesota r595, chromobacterium violaceum an rhodopseudomonas viridis on the ...	1982	6801242
[pseudomonas aeruginosa survival in the abdominal cavity of mice immunized with vaccines made from the re mutant of salmonella minnesota].	active and passive immunization with heated and ribosomal vaccines prepared from the mutant of s. minnesota was found to enhance the inactivation of p. aeruginosa in the abdominal cavity of mice, but had no influence on the inactivation of staphylococci. the inactivating potency of antisera was due to the presence of igm and igg. vaccines prepared from the s-forms of enterobacteria did not enhance the inactivation of p. aeruginosa.	1982	6812330
polymyxin b suppresses the endotoxin inhibition of concanavalin a-mediated erythrocyte agglutination.	the lectin agglutinability of human erythrocytes has been utilized to examine interactions of gram-negative endotoxin with mammalian cell plasma membranes. erythrocytes treated in buffer with escherichia coli 0127:b8 lipopolysaccharide (lps) or salmonella minnesota re595 glycolipid for 1 h became resistant to agglutination by the lectin concanavalin a (cona) in buffer free of lps or glycolipid. polymyxin b, a cationic cyclic lipopeptide which specifically binds to the lipid a toxophore, was test ...	1982	6276306
requirement for an additional serum factor essential for the antibody-independent activation of the classical complement sequence by gram-negative bacteria.	killing of salmonella minnesota and salmonella typhimurium s and r strains in serum of nonimmune humans and guinea pigs was drastically reduced in the selective absence of c1q, c1r, ca2+, c4, or c2, the components of the classical complement pathway. binding of c1 and c1q to the s form and six different core-deficient r mutant strains became stronger the shorter the lipopolysaccharide molecule. c1 and c1q had, under physiological conditions, no affinity to the serum-resistant s forms, whereas th ...	1982	6752030
passive protection against heterologous gram-negative bacteria mediated by antiserum to epimeraseless rc mutant of salmonella minnesota.	antiserum to the epimeraseless rc mutant of salmonella minnesota was prepared by immunization of rabbits. the antiserum provided good protection in mice i.p. challenged with 125 and 25 ld50 doses of live heterologous gram-negative bacteria i. e. s. typhimurium, escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa. the protection against klebsiella pneumoniae was negligible. pre-immune rabbit serum produced only marginal protection. the protective effect of s. minnesota rc antibodies was entirely abolishe ...	1982	6760795
effect of endotoxin and its degradation products on hepatic mixed-function oxidase and heme enzyme systems in mice.	effect of salmonella minnesota r595 endotoxin (r595 gl) and its chemical degradation products on hepatic cytochrome p-450, delta-aminolevulinic acid (ala) synthetase and heme oxygenase activity in mice was examined. the levels of cytochrome p-450 and ala synthetase activity were significantly decreased following the administration of r595 gl, whereas heme oxygenase activity was markedly increased. the effects of endotoxin were dose-dependent for the range of about 1 to 2 micrograms per mouse. th ...	1982	6896774
interactions of bacterial lipopolysaccharide with acute-phase rabbit serum and isolation of two forms of rabbit serum amyloid a.	mixing lipopolysaccharide (lps, salmonella minnesota r595) with acute-phase rabbit serum (aprs) results in the formation of two types of complexes. the two complexes are separable from each other and from lps by cscl density gradient ultracentrifugation. lps alone had density 1.38 g/cm3, complex 1.3 had density 1.3 +/- 0.02 g/cm3, and complex 1.2 had density less than 1.20 g/cm3. at 1 to 10 micrograms lps/ml aprs, up to 23 micrograms of lps could be found in complex 1.3, with the remainder of th ...	1982	7057038
salmonella minnesota re 595 lipid a induced nephritis.	injection of heat killed bacteria into kidney parenchyma results in pathologic lesions similar to chronic pyelonephritis while immunosuppression reverses this phenomenon. these observations and the propensity of lipid a to bind to cell membranes suggest that the lipid component of bacterial lipopolysaccharide antigens may be important in the pathogenesis of kidney tubule cell death. the right kidneys of syngeneic fischer 344 rats were repeatedly injected with glycolipid prepared from salmonella ...	1982	7062406
changes in phase transition temperature of phospholipids induced by endotoxin.	the effects of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide from salmonella minnesota re 595) on the phase transition temperature (tm) of various phospholipids were studied. endotoxin had no effect on the tm and the width of the phase transition of dipalmitoyl-sn-3-phosphatidylcholine. endotoxin at 100 micrograms/ml increased the tm of dipalmitoyl-sn-3-phosphatidylethanolamine by 1.1 degrees c (p less than 0.01) and narrowed the range of transition from 4.5 to 2.6 degrees c; the endotoxin-induced changes in th ...	1982	7066362
the chemical structure of lipid a. demonstration of amide-linked 3-acyloxyacyl residues in salmonella minnesota re lipopolysaccharide.	in salmonella minnesota lipopolysaccharide the lipid a backbone, a substituted diphosphorylated beta 1,6-linked d-glucosamine disaccharide molecule, carries approximately seven residues of fatty acids: one each of dodecanoic, hexadecanoic, d-3-hydroxytetradecanoic and d-3-o-(tetradecanoyl)-tetradecanoic acid in ester linkage and two of d-3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid in amide linkage. in the present study it is shown that treatment of the lipopolysaccharide with alkali at elevated temperature lead ...	1982	7084225
isolation and characterization of a cross-reacting antigen in strains of bacteroidaceae.	a bacteroidaceae cross-reacting antigen (bca) was isolated from several strains belonging to species in the genera fusobacterium and bacteroides. we showed that each of the 28 strains examined synthesized either bca or the o-specific lipopolysaccharide (lps). the structural difference between the two antigens was demonstrated by passive hemagglutination. bca coated erythrocytes spontaneously and reacted with equal intensity to all bacterial antisera of bca+ strains, whereas lps was species speci ...	1982	7095855
quantitation of rabbit immunoglobulin g antibodies to salmonella minnesota re by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed which allowed the measurement of rabbit immunoglobulin g antibodies directed to salmonella minnesota re glycolipid. efficient adsorption of the antigen to polystyrene could only be effected provided it had been previously dialyzed against 0.2 m edta (ph 7.0) and subsequently treated with 0.2% sodium deoxycholate (15 min at 56 degrees c) in 0.05 m diethanolamine buffer (ph 9.6). the method is by far more sensitive than quantitative precipitation ...	1982	7119099
configurations of glycosidic phosphates of lipopolysaccharide from salmonella minnesota r595.	the anomeric configurations of the reducing terminal glucosamine and 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose phosphates in lipopolysaccharide from salmonella minnesota r595 have been determined by nuclear magnetic resonance. chemical shifts for the anomeric protons were obtained by selective decoupling of the phosphorus spectrum and proton-proton coupling constants by polarization transfer from protons to phosphorus. in both cases, the phosphate is attached to the sugar in an axial orientation.	1982	7150577
effect of ionizing radiation on chemical and biological properties of salmonella minnesota r595 lipopolysaccharide.	lipopolysaccharide of the salmonella minnesota re mutant r595 was irradiated with 60co gamma doses of 50, 100, 150 and 200 kgy. the irradiated preparations were less toxic, less active in the shwartzman reaction and as activators of the complement system, but they had retained the protection activity against the lethal action of endotoxin. the irradiation resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the amounts of constituents (glucosamine, kdo, fatty acids) of the original lipopolysaccharide. with ...	1982	7185268
in vivo activation of mouse spleen lymphocytes by lipid a in carrier-free form.	the immunogenic potential of lipid a, isolated from salmonella minnesota r595 and made soluble by mild alkaline hydrolysis, was investigated using icr mice and a modification of the jerne plaque assay. in the absence of carrier protein of freund's adjuvant, a single intravenous injection of 100 microgram lipid a induced the development of anti-lipid a antibody-producing cells in the spleen. at the doses used, no heterophile-antibody plaques specific for sheep red blood cell antigen were detectab ...	1982	7037619
opsonization of serum-sensitive and serum-resistant escherichia coli by rough mutant (re) antisera.	the antibody binding and susceptibility to opsonization of 11 sr and five ss escherichia coli strains by pooled high-titered rabbit antisera against the core-defective re chemotype mutant of salmonella minnesota r595 were studied. binding of antibody was assessed by an ifa method, and the phagocytic rate was quantitated by measurement of the oxygen consumption of pmns during phagocytosis. a significant correlation was demonstrated between the property of serum sensitivity and both antibody bindi ...	1982	7038008
lipopolysaccharide-binding lectin from the horseshoe crab, limulus polyphemus, with specificity for 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate (kdo).	a lipopolysaccharide (lps)-binding lectin was recovered from the serum of limulus polyphemus by ion-exchange chromatography. electrophoretic analysis of this lectin preparation revealed three poorly migrating bands. when whole serum was incubated with glycolipid obtained from the rc mutant of salmonella minnesota prior to electrophoresis, bands corresponding to those seen in the partially purified lectin were missing, suggesting that the recovered material was composed of isolectins. qualitative ...	1982	7047248
interferon-inducing activity of salmonella minnesota re glycolipid--anti-glycolipid immune complexes.	immune complexes formed from salmonella minnesota re glycolipid (gl) and its derivative dmso-gl with homologous antibodies exhibited stronger interferon (ifn)-inducing activity than the free gl (4- to 32-fold increase and 8- to 64-fold increase respectively). this effect was found dose-dependent.	1983	6133436
suppression of acth-induced steroidogenesis by supernatants from lps-treated peritoneal exudate macrophages.	the results from a number of clinical and experimental studies have suggested that during endotoxemia, suppression of adrenocortical steroidogenesis may occur. we have examined the possibility that macrophages are the source of a factor that suppresses adrenocortical steroidogenesis. resident and peptone-elicited peritoneal exudate macrophages (pem) from c3heb/fej mice were incubated for 4 hr at 37 degrees c in the presence or absence of t cell hybridoma-derived lymphokine (lk) that contained hi ...	1983	6304189
control of lipopolysaccharide-high density lipoprotein binding by acute phase protein(s).	when salmonella minnesota r595 lipopolysaccharide (lps) is mixed with serum, the lps eventually forms a complex with high density lipoprotein (hdl). complex formation is conveniently followed by cscl equilibrium density gradient centrifugation. when mixing 10 micrograms lps with normal rabbit serum (nrs) at 37 degrees c in the presence of 20 mm edta, the half-life for lps binding to hdl is typically 2 to 3 min. when the same experiment is performed with the use of acute phase rabbit serum (aprs; ...	1983	6311900
lipid a in anaerobic bacteria.	the ability of lipid a preparations from strains of bacteroides, fusobacterium, and veillonella to inhibit the lipid a-anti-lipid a reaction in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was tested. anti-lipid a serum was prepared with lipid a from salmonella minnesota r595, and lipid a from escherichia coli eh100 was used as control antigen. preparations from three of four different species of bacteroides were unable to inhibit the anti-lipid a activity, whereas lipid a preparations from fusobacteriu ...	1983	6822431
fatty acid in lipopolysaccharides of salmonella species grown at low temperature. identification and position.	salmonella minnesota r 595 (re) and other salmonella strains incorporate cis-delta 9-16:1 (palmitoleic acid) at the expense of mainly dodecanoic acid into the lipid-a portion of lipopolysaccharides, when the cells are grown at low temperature (12 degrees c). it has recently been shown, that in s. minnesota r 595 grown at 37 degrees c dodecanoic acid is linked to the 3-hydroxyl group of an amide-bound 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid. the present data suggest, that cis-delta 9-16:1 occupies the same p ...	1983	6825685
lipopolysaccharide-mediated bovine endothelial cell injury in vitro.	lipopolysaccharide (lps) produced time- and dose-dependent bovine endothelial cell injury in vitro that was manifested initially by cell detachment from culture substrate with subsequent cell lysis. bovine endothelial cell injury was observed with lps derived from salmonella minnesota r595, a lps comprised only of lipid a and a trisaccharide core, as well as intact lps preparations derived escherichia coli and s. typhosa. lps-mediated bovine endothelial cell detachment was prevented by incubatio ...	1983	6827807
the role of lipopolysaccharide structure in the recipient cell during plasmid-mediated bacterial conjugation.	the role of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) structure in the recipient cell during bacterial conjugation was studied using a series of well-defined lps mutations in salmonella minnesota. the plasmids flac (incfi) and r1drd19 (incfii) transferred at a high frequency to the smooth s218 parent strain and the rough lps mutants. however, r64drd1 1 (inci alpha) transferred poorly to the lps mutants compared with transfer to the smooth lps parent strain. the decrease in r64drd1 1 transfer frequency correl ...	1983	6856692
the role of heparin in guinea pig gram negative bacterial sepsis.	the ability of antibody directed against shared antigenic determinants of gram negative organisms to protect against a challenge of diverse gram negative bacterial species remains controversial in the experimental setting. attention has focused, however, on the use as immunogens of rough mutants of escherichia coli and salmonella minnesota, which express a portion of core lipopolysaccharide (lps) extensively on their cell surface. core lps is a structure present on the outer membrane of most, if ...	1983	6405100
[evaluation of the immunological activity of a vaccine from mutant salmonella minnesota r 595 on a model of experimental pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in mice].	the comparative study of heated corpuscular vaccines prepared from s. minnesota mutant r 595 with defective lipopolysaccharide (lps), chemotype re, derived from s. minnesota strain sf 1111 with unchanged lps, and from p. aeruginosa strain pa 103, was carried out. in contrast to the vaccine from s. minnesota strain sf 1111, the vaccine prepared from the mutant with chemotype re induced the development of cell-mediated and humoral immunity to p. aeruginosa, and its immunogenicity was close to that ...	1983	6408854
[effects of photochemical smog from a flow reactor on bacteria. ii. determination of bactericidal components in photochemical smog].	the mixture of substances in the photochemical smog could be detected by different reduction rates of exposed bacteria. beside ozone other products of the ozone/olefine-reaction could reduce the survival of exposed bacteria. for staph. epidermidis a toxic influence from the reaction products could be found only after uv-irradiation. the main components were aldehydes, hydrocarbons, radicals, peroxiradicals and radicaloxides. for peroxiacetylnitrate (pan) no bactericidal effect could be found for ...	1983	6422677
nontoxic lipopolysaccharide from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides atcc 17023.	chemical analysis of the lipopolysaccharide from rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides atcc 17023, isolated by the phenol-chloroform-petroleum ether method, revealed the presence of glucuronic acid, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate, threonine, and phosphorus in the polysaccharide moiety. the lipid a component contained glucosamine, glucosamine phosphate, amide-bound 3-oxotetradecanoic acid and 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid, and ester-bound 3-hydroxydecanoic acid and 7-tetradecenoic acid. structural similarity of the ...	1983	6602801
[protective action of a vaccine made from salmonella minnesota r 595 in the intranasal infection of mice with p. aeruginosa].	the comparative study of heated corpuscular vaccines prepared from s. minnesota mutant r 595, chemotype re, from s. minnesota strain sf 1111 with defective lipopolysaccharide and from p. aeruginosa strain pa 103 has been carried out. the vaccine prepared from the chemotype re mutant, in contrast to the vaccine prepared from s. minnesota strain sf 1111, has been found to induce the development of active immunity (and the corresponding antiserum, passive immunity) to p. aeruginosa introduced intra ...	1983	6624314
physicochemical surface properties and phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leucocytes of different serogroups of salmonella.	salmonella isolates belonging to different serogroups have been analysed with respect to physicochemical surface properties and interaction with human polymorphonuclear granulocytes (pmns). most (22/34) recent isolates of the different serotypes showed hydrophilic surface properties and little if any negative charge accompanied by resistance to phagocytosis by pmn similar to the old laboratory s strains salmonella typhimurium 395ms and salmonella minnesota s99 (main group). however, all isolates ...	1983	6655456
differential determination of the 3-deoxy-d-mannooctulosonic acid residues in lipopolysaccharides of salmonella minnesota rough mutants.		1983	6682035
isolation of a 3-deoxy-d-mannooctulosonic acid disaccharide from salmonella minnesota rough-form lipopolysaccharides.	lipopolysaccharides of salmonella minnesota rough mutants were treated with 20 mm acetate buffer ph 4.4 at 70 degrees c/3 h. after dialysis of the hydrolysates about one third of the total 3-deoxy-d-mannooctulosonic acid (docla) content but no neutral sugars were found in the dialysate. by high-voltage paper electrophoresis, a compound with the mobility of 1.2 relative to docla could be isolated from the dialysate. it was identified as a docla disaccharide by hydrolysis without or after reductio ...	1983	6682036
immunization with rough mutants of salmonella minnesota. iv. protection by antisera to o and rough antigens against endotoxin.	the protection by antisera to o antigens and antigens (lipid a, the re 595 mutant of salmonella minnesota, and the j5 mutant of escherichia coli) of the core portion of endotoxin against lethal challenge with lipopolysaccharide (lps) was compared. rabbits immunized with the re mutant developed antibody that protected mice against challenge with s. minnesota or salmonella typhosa lps. antisera to heterologous o antigen and lipid a were not protective, whereas homologous antisera and antiserum to ...	1983	6185599
common lipopolysaccharide specificity: new type of antigen residing in the inner core region of s- and r-form lipopolysaccharides from different families of gram-negative bacteria.	a new antigenic specificity, referred to here as common lipopolysaccharide (lps) specificity, is described in the lpss of gram-negative bacteria belonging to various families. the specificity is present in s- and r-form lps but absent in re mutants of different enterobacterial genera. by the use of purified lps and monospecific antibodies obtained by immunoabsorption, the specificity is differentiated from the known core specificities of the genus salmonella and the lipid a specificity by aid of ...	1983	6194116
induction of prostaglandin synthesis-dependent suppressor cells with endotoxin: occurrence in patients with thermal injuries.	the induction of lymphocyte suppressor activity with bacterial endotoxin is well documented. while most of the evidence has been obtained using animal models and has required large doses of endotoxin, we have demonstrated that additions of as little as 1.0 ng of chromatographically purified endotoxin [from escherichia coli 055:b5, e. coli 0111:b4, pseudomonas aeruginosa (fisher-devlin immunotype 1), serratia marcescens, or salmonella minnesota] to human mixed lymphocyte or to mitogen-stimulated ...	1983	6222063
studies on the mechanism of bacterial resistance to complement-mediated killing. vi. igg increases the bactericidal efficiency of c5b-9 for e. coli 0111b4 by acting at a step before c5 cleavage.	our previous experiments showed that immune igg and f(ab')2, but not fab', mediated serum killing of escherichia coli 0111b4, strain 12015 (12015), without significantly increasing the extent of terminal complement (c) component attachment to the bacterial surface. we concluded that bactericidal antibody must change either the site or the nature of c5b-9 bacterial attachment. to pursue this possibility, conditions necessary for elution of c5b-9 from the bacterial surface were examined. forty-two ...	1983	6355297
lipid a fractions analyzed by a technique involving thin-layer chromatography and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), with alkaline phosphatase as enzyme, was used for the study of antigenicity of lipid a fractions directly on thin-layer chromatographic (tlc) plates. for visualization a gel slab containing the enzyme substrate was placed on the plate containing enzyme-conjugated antibodies. the plate was read by a thin-layer chromatogram spectrophotometer. the immunoassay was both highly specific and quite sensitive. sensitivity was superior to levels obtain ...	1984	6365543
ocular localization of circulating bacterial lipopolysaccharide.	a bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) extracted from a rough strain of salmonella minnesota ( re595 ) containing primarily lipid a was used to study tissue distribution following its intravenous injection in rabbits. for this purpose, the re595 was either labelled with 125iodine (125i) and localization quantitated by gamma radiation spectrometry and radioautography of different tissues or a fluorescein labelled antibody to re595 was employed. localization of [125i]- re595 or lps was looked for at ...	1984	6373334
monoclonal antibodies specific for escherichia coli j5 lipopolysaccharide: cross-reaction with other gram-negative bacterial species.	four monoclonal antibodies against escherichia coli j5 were studied. each of these monoclonal antibodies reacted with purified lipopolysaccharides from e. coli j5, the deep rough mutant salmonella minnesota re595, agrobacterium tumefaciens, and pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1 as well as with the purified lipid a of p. aeruginosa. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using the outer membranes from a variety of gram-negative bacteria demonstrated that these lipid a-specific monoclonal antibodies interac ...	1984	6381310
lipid a and immunotherapy.	endotoxin isolated from re mutants of salmonella typhimurium or salmonella minnesota and consisting only of 3-deoxy-d-mannooctulosonic acid (kdo) and lipid a synergistically enhances the ability of mycobacterial cell wall skeleton (cws) to regress transplantable, line-10 tumor (hepatocellular carcinoma) in syngeneic guinea pigs. tumor regression is rapid, and systemic tumor immunity concomitantly develops when as little as 50 micrograms of each of these two components is combined and injected in ...	1984	6382555
relationship between immune system and gram negative bacteria. i. spontaneous binding of smooth and rough salmonella to human peripheral blood lymphocytes.	over the past years many reports have emphasized that either gram positive or gram negative bacteria possess the ability to bind spontaneously to human peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl). here, bacterial binding to human pbl has been studied by using a smooth (s) salmonella typhimurium lt-2 and two rough (r) mutants of salmonella minnesota r 345 (rb) and r 595 (re), which possess specific deletions in their lipopolysaccharide (lps) molecule. our results provide evidence that all three bacterial ...	1984	6383666
heterogeneity of lipid a: comparison of lipid a types from different gram-negative bacteria.	chloroform-soluble purified lipid a preparations from 10 sources, including five escherichia coli strains (eh100, k-12, o127, o111, rcdc), two salmonella strains (salmonella typhimurium, salmonella minnesota r595), shigella sonnei ii, and a hybrid of shigella flexneri and e. coli k-12, were compared with lipid a from s. flexneri. purified lipid a from s. flexneri was earlier found to be composed of eight fractions. the various lipid a preparations were assayed by thin-layer chromatography. chrom ...	1984	6384185
isolation of adenosine 5'-diphosphate-l-glycero-d-mannoheptose, the assumed substrate of heptose transferase(s), from salmonella minnesota r595 and shigella sonnei re mutants.	from heptose transferase-less re mutants of salmonella minnesota and shigella sonnei, a mixture of nucleotide-linked heptoses was isolated. after paper chromatography in different solvent systems, adp derivatives of d-glycero-d-mannoheptose and l-glycero-d-mannoheptose could be isolated in pure form. the structure of adp-l-glycero-d-mannoheptose was verified by analytical methods and by transformation of adp-d-glycero-d-mannoheptose with adp-d-glycero-d-mannoheptose-6-epimerase.	1984	6384216
enzyme immunoassay for the quantitation of human immunoglobulin g specific for the glycolipid of enterobacteriaceae.	an enzyme immunoassay (eia) is reported that quantitates human immunoglobulin (ig)g specific for the glycolipid (re-gl) of salmonella minnesota re 595. re-gl was adsorbed to polystyrene microcuvettes, and 100 microliters of appropriately diluted lots of human plasma or affinity-purified rabbit anti-re-gl igg was added to the cuvettes. the cuvettes were incubated, washed, and then reacted with staphylococcus aureus protein a-peroxidase. after a final wash the substrate 2,2'-azino-di(3-ethylbenzth ...	1984	6386298
difference in susceptibility to gram-negative urinary tract infection between c3h/hej and c3h/hen mice.	the difference in susceptibility to urinary tract infection between c3h/hej and c3h/hen mice was tested for with gram-negative strains differing in lipopolysaccharide composition. recently, impaired clearance of escherichia coli from the kidney of c3h/hej compared to c3h/hen mice was shown to be correlated with the lps low responsiveness. in this study, a difference in clearance from the kidneys of c3h/hej and c3h/hen mice was found only with lipopolysaccharide-containing bacteria. gram-positive ...	1984	6389367
phase-i study of intravenous modified lipid a.	endotoxin and the lipid-a portion of the molecule have a variety of biological effects, including the induction of necrosis and regression of malignancy. to date extensive clinical trials of endotoxin as a potential therapeutic agent have been shunned due to the toxicity of the material. several lipid-a analogues have been described which have reduced toxicity and retain antitumor activity. we have investigated in a phase-i trial the clinical toxicity and immunological effects of monophosphoryl ...	1984	6391653
calmodulin content and activity of ca2+-atpase and phospholipase a2 in rat kupffer cells.	a protein resembling calmodulin was isolated from non-parenchymal and parenchymal cells of rat liver by affinity chromatography. the biological activity of the purified protein was assessed by the bovine brain camp phosphodiesterase assay. a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay as well as the camp phosphodiesterase method were employed to determine the calmodulin content of crude extracts from monolayer cultures of rat kupffer cells and hepatocytes. an atp-dependent, calmodulin-enhanced calcium tra ...	1984	6231183
relationship between immune system and gram-negative bacteria. ii. natural killer cytotoxicity of salmonella minnesota rb 345-unbound human peripheral blood lymphocytes.	spontaneous binding of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) to bacteria represents a promising approach for the characterization of lymphocyte subsets mediating different functions. in the light of previous findings on the high degree of spontaneous adherence of s. minnesota rb cells to pbl, we have evaluated the natural killer (nk) cytotoxicity of pbl subpopulations that fail to bind to rb bacteria. the s. minnesota rb-unbound cell fraction exhibits higher levels of cytotoxic capacity, whic ...	1984	6234358
chemical and ultrastructural comparison of endotoxins extracted from salmonella minnesota wild type and r mutants.	endotoxic lipopolysaccharide and glycolipids ( rgl ) extracted from salmonella minnesota wild type and r mutant cells ( chemotypes ra, rb, rc, rd1, and rd2 ), respectively, with hot phenol-water (pw) and phenol-chloroform-petroleum ether (pcp) were analyzed chemically and electron microscopically. all rgl extracted with pw ( rgl -pw) contained excess amounts of phosphate, o-ester linked fatty acids and neutral sugars, while all rgl extracted with pcp ( rgl -pcp) contained excess amounts of free ...	1984	6203017
addition of perchloric acid to blood samples for colorimetric limulus test using chromogenic substrate: comparison with conventional procedures and clinical applications.	preexposure of blood samples to perchloric acid permitted an accurate, quantitative measurement of endotoxin levels as low as 1 pg/ml using a colorimetric limulus test. conventional chloroform and dilution-heating methods were unsatisfactory because of high residual nonspecific amidolytic activity and poor recovery. the normal peripheral plasma endotoxin level was less than 10 pg/ml when escherichia coli 0111:b4 endotoxin was used as a reference. one nanogram in this assay was equivalent to 2.9 ...	1984	6088654
lipopolysaccharide interaction with rabbit erythrocyte membranes.	in this study we have characterized the association of a polysaccharide-deficient, lipid-rich lipopolysaccharide (lps) with rabbit erythrocytes (rarbc). with polymyxin b sulfate-mediated hemolysis as a probe, we have shown that salmonella minnesota r595 lps interacts with rarbc in two distinguishable steps. the first step whereby rarbc exposed to lps are rendered sensitive to polymyxin b-initiated lysis probably represents absorption of lps to the rarbc membrane. we investigated two possible mec ...	1984	6693170
naturally occurring pasteurellosis in laboratory rabbits: chemical and serological studies of whole cells and lipopolysaccharides of pasteurella multocida.	whole cells and lipopolysaccharides (lps) of 10 isolates of pasteurella multocida from laboratory rabbits were subjected to chemical and serological analysis. lps of most of these isolates possessed pyrogenic potency comparable to lps from salmonella minnesota 9700, although their average ketodeoxyoctonate content was only 18% of that of salmonella. a gel diffusion precipitin test for somatic antigens extracted in a formal-saline solution demonstrated several isolates with three to four somatic ...	1984	6715048
chemical and ultrastructural differences in endotoxic glycolipids from salmonella minnesota re mutant extracted with various solvent systems.	endotoxic glycolipids ( regl ) extracted from the whole cells (wc) and cell walls of heptose-less re mutant of salmonella minnesota with hot phenol-water (pw), phenol-chloroform-petroleum ether (pcp), and chloroform-methanol (cm) were analyzed chemically and examined with an electron microscope. regl -pw-(wc) contained mannose and proteins as contaminants, regl -pcp(wc) consisted of an excess amount of amino compound (cadaverine), and regl -pcp(wc) consisted of proteins and cadaverine, in additi ...	1984	6727715
electron microscopic studies of endotoxins treated with alkaline and acid reagents.	endotoxins extracted from salmonella minnesota wild strain and r mutants (ra to re) were treated with two different alkaline reagents. treatment with diluted sodium hydroxide, which caused partial removal of o-ester linked fatty acids, changed the ultrastructures of endotoxins from an onion-like structure to monolayer particles (approximately 100 a in diameter) except for endotoxic glycolipids from rd2 and re mutants which showed mixed ultrastructures of untreated and treated endotoxins. treatme ...	1984	6727716
[immunological activity and toxicity of a peroral vaccine made from mutant re salmonella minnesota].	the possibility of the oral use of heated corpuscular vaccine prepared from s. minnesota mutant r 595 (chemotype re) for protection against pseudomonas aeruginosa has been studied. oral immunization in 3 doses, each containing 10(9) cells of the vaccine strain, has been shown to protect mice from death after the intravenous injection of p. aeruginosa culture in a dose of 5 ld50 and induce a rise in the titers of antibodies to re-glycolipid (re-hemagglutinins). after multiple oral administration ...	1984	6730810
properties and requirements for production of a macrophage product which suppresses steroid production by adrenocortical cells.	lipopolysaccharide-treated murine peritoneal exudate macrophages (pem) release a factor or factors into the supernatant that suppress adrenocorticotropic hormone-induced steroidogenesis in explanted rabbit adrenocortical cells (j. c. mathison et al., j. immunol. 130:2757-2762, 1983). to determine the requirements for suppression, pem supernatants (30 microliters) were added to explanted rabbit adrenocortical cells in a final volume of 120 microliters with 10 mu of adrenocorticotropic hormone per ...	1984	6746095
enhancement of endotoxicity and reactivity with carbocyanine dye by sonication of lipopolysaccharide.	the specificity of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, lps) in the carbocyanine dye reaction was investigated, and then a stoichiometric study of the dye-lps interaction was conducted with attention to the relationship of biological activities of lps to the reactivity with the dye. absorption maxima of some bacterial components in the dye reaction were as follows; lps from both escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa and lipid a from e. coli lps, 465 nm; shigella flexneri lps, 460 nm; salmonella ...	1984	6442756
concepts of the chemical structure of lipid a.	lipid a represents the covalently bound lipid component of lipopolysaccharides (lps), the endotoxins and o antigens of gram-negative bacteria. lipid a's of endotoxically active lps consist of a beta(1'----6)-linked d-glucosamine disaccharide that carries phosphoryl groups in positions 1 and 4'. depending on the origin of lipid a, nonacylated, nitrogen-containing residues may be bound to these phosphoryl groups. as shown in enterobacterial lipid a's, available hydroxyl groups of the d-glucosamine ...	1984	6474002
structural studies on the lipid a component of enterobacterial lipopolysaccharides by laser desorption mass spectrometry. location of acyl groups at the lipid a backbone.	in the present paper laser desorption mass spectrometry (ldms) was applied to dephosphorylated free lipid a preparations obtained from lipopolysaccharides of re mutants of salmonella minnesota, escherichia coli and proteus mirabilis. the purpose of this study was to elucidate the location of (r)-3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid and 3-o-acylated (r)-3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid residues which are bound to amino and hydroxyl groups of the glucosamine disaccharide backbone of lipid a. based on the previo ...	1984	6510414
hepatocellular clearance function of bacterial lipopolysaccharides and free lipid a in mice with endotoxic shock.	hepatic uptake of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (lps) in defined salt forms and free lipid a was studied in c3h mice. extracts of 14c-labeled and unlabeled lps from salmonella abortus equi and lipid a from salmonella minnesota r 595 (re) were administered intravenously in doses sufficient to induce endotoxic shock. sixty minutes after administration of 14c-lps, 40% of the total activity was found in the liver tissue, 10% was in the isolated nonparenchymal cells, and only 1% was in the isolated h ...	1984	6517983
hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme system and endotoxin tolerance: structural requirement of lps in induction of an early tolerance.	the alteration of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activities in mice given salmonella endotoxin by single or multiple intraperitoneal injections was investigated. an essentially the same biphasic, early and late phase, endotoxin tolerance was observed in the animals receiving a single injection of endotoxin or repetitive daily injections. the results of reciprocal cross tolerance tests using lipopolysaccharide and free lipid a preparations derived from salmonella minnesota, salmonella typhimuri ...	1984	6521669
analysis of lipid a from salmonella minnesota r595 lipopolysaccharide by chemical methods and nuclear magnetic resonance.	modifications were introduced in established chemical methods in an attempt to develop reliable means of analysis of lipid a from salmonella minnesota r595 lipopolysaccharide. modified hydrolysis conditions led to an estimate of glucosamine content that was significantly higher than established values. this estimate is consistent with the amount of amide-linked fatty acid determined from kinetic studies of fatty acid release and with the presently accepted number of 3-deoxy-d-mannooctulosonic ac ...	1984	6540891
alpha-2----4-interlinked 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid disaccharide. a common constituent of enterobacterial lipopolysaccharides.	after mild acid hydrolysis, a disaccharide of 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid (docla) was obtained from re-mutant lipopolysaccharide of salmonella minnesota, salmonella godesberg, proteus mirabilis, and escherichia coli, and from the lipopolysaccharide of an s. minnesota rb2 mutant. combined gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry of the reduced and permethylated derivatives indicated that the disaccharide is interlinked by a 2----4-glycosidic bond in all lipopolysaccharides tested. in addi ...	1984	6548705
the effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharides on the biosynthesis and release of proteoglycans from calf articular cartilage cultures.	organ cultures of bovine articular cartilage from metacarpophalangeal joints of calf maintain steady state metabolism of cartilage proteoglycans over the course of several weeks. bacterial lipopolysaccharides (lps) depress biosynthesis of proteoglycans in such cultures to approximately 60% of control values after 1-2 days of treatment. a glycolipid from the salmonella minnesota re 595 mutant, which lacks the polysaccharide chains of lps, also depresses proteoglycan synthesis. if lps is removed f ...	1984	6586723
electron microscopic study showing antibody-independent binding of c1q, a subcomponent of the first component of complement, to serum-sensitive salmonellae.	effective serum-mediated killing of sensitive gram-negative bacteria requires all the complement components. in the preimmune phase the antibody-independent interaction of the first component of complement, c1, with the bacteria might be especially important. electron microscopic studies showed that the c1 subcomponent c1q binds only to the serum-sensitive r form of salmonella minnesota and not to the serum-resistant s form.	1984	6332078
modulation of macrophage ia-expression by lipopolysaccharide. i. induction of ia expression in vivo.	experiments were performed to analyze the modulation of macrophage ia expression and biosynthesis by salmonella minnesota-derived lipopolysaccharide (lps) in vivo. the i.p. injection of lps into lps-responder mice caused a dramatic increase in the ia expression of the peritoneal macrophage population harvested 1 wk after injection. as little as 1 ng of lipid-rich re595 lps per mouse caused a significant i-ak increase, and 1 microgram was optimal; wild-type s. minnesota lps was less active. no i- ...	1984	6332135
comparison of the exoproducts of gram-negative bacteria by sds-page.	the protein exoproducts released during exponential growth of gram-negative bacteria were analysed and compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). the following bacterial strains were tested: escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, serratia liquefaciens, serratia rubidaea, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris, salmonella minnesota, pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas fluorescens. it is demonstrated by sds-page t ...	1985	2408403
monoclonal antibodies raised against neuac alpha 2-6neolactotetraosylceramide detect carcinoma-associated gangliosides.	monoclonal antibodies wee obtained by the immunization of mice with 6'lm1 (iv6neuac-nlcose4cer) adsorbed to salmonella minnesota. the monoclonal antibodies showed a specificity for gangliosides with a terminal neuac alpha 2-6gal substitution, which was demonstrated in solid-phase binding assay and in liposome inhibition assay. gangliosides with a neuac alpha 2-6gal substitution were minor components of different normal tissues. however, these gangliosides were enriched in carcinomas of many tiss ...	1985	2410031
activation of murine spleen cells by lipid a: negative modulation of lipid a mitogenic activity by o-antigen polysaccharide.	we have investigated the regulatory effects of polysaccharide-rich subunits upon lipid a activity with the use of hybrid lps macromolecules of defined subunit composition. hybrid lps were constructed with polysaccharide-rich lps from escherichia coli o55:b5 and lipid a-rich lps from salmonella minnesota r595 by dissociation of the two parental lps species to monomeric solutions with deoxycholate, admixing these lps in various proportions and reassociation into high m.w. lps hybrid aggregates by ...	1985	2411800
control of lipopolysaccharide-high-density lipoprotein interactions by an acute-phase reactant in human serum.	we have recently described several phenomena involving the interactions of lipopolysaccharides (lps) from salmonella minnesota re595 (re595-lps) with rabbit serum, which are different in and unique to acute-phase serum as compared with normal serum (p.s. tobias and r.j. ulevitch, j. immunol. 131:1913-1916, 1983). to determine whether these phenomena could also be observed in acute-phase human serum (aphs), we used aphs obtained from volunteers injected with etiocholanolone. as observed in acute- ...	1985	2412965
an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the measurement of antibodies to different parts of the gram-negative lipopolysaccharide core region.	bovine serum albumin was complexed with the core antigens of either escherichia coli j5 lps, salmonella minnesota r595 lps or e. coli lipid a. these core-bsa complexes were used for solid-phase coating in elisas for anti-core antibodies. antibodies, binding to various parts of the core region were easily quantified in a single experimental set-up, which was hitherto not possible. the elisa has only 3 incubation steps and is not costly as only moderate amounts of the core antigens (i.e., 1 microg ...	1985	2413127
cross-reactivity of rabbit antibodies to lipopolysaccharides of escherichia coli j5 and other gram-negative bacteria.	antiserum to rough gram-negative mutants such as escherichia coli j5 and salmonella minnesota re595 is thought to neutralize the toxic effects of lipopolysaccharides (lpss). to verify that such antisera are capable of binding heterologous endotoxins, we examined igg and igm class antibodies induced in rabbits to a variety of lpss. immunization with rough mutants or lipid a induced high igg antibody responses to the homologous purified lps and relatively low but significant responses to heterolog ...	1985	2413146
[use of immunoenzyme analysis for evaluating the specificity of the antibody recognition of the antigenic determinants of streptococcus group a].	investigations carried out with the use of a celia system have revealed that antibodies in the sera of patients with primary erysipelas and antibodies in rabbit antiserum to the ribosomes of group a streptococcus specifically bind with adsorbed streptococcal ribosomes, recognizing the antigenic determinants of streptococcal ribosomes, which differ from those of individual gram-negative prokaryotes (escherichia coli, shigella sonnei, shigella flexneri, salmonella minnesota). the modified celia sy ...	1985	2413662
differences in attachment and phagocytosis of salmonella minnesota strains (s form, re mutant) by mouse peritoneal macrophages: participation of endogenous c1q and bacterial surface components (lps, porins).		1985	2417782
chemiluminescence response of the human polymorphonuclear neutrophil to lipopolysaccharides.	polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmn) respond to a variety of stimuli with a sequence of reactions that lead to the production of "active oxygen" species, including h2o2, free radicals, such as superoxide (o2-.) and hydroxyl (ho.), and singlet molecular oxygen (1o2). some of these can oxidize (5-amino-2,3-dihydrophthalazine 1,4-dione) (luminol) to the ground state aminophthalate ion; this reaction sequence is accompanied by the generation of a photon and forms the basis for the chemiluminescence ( ...	1985	2420454
toxicity of d-galactosamine for rat hepatocytes in monolayer culture.	hepatocellular injury was induced by exposure of primary cultures of rat hepatocytes to 4 mm d-galactosamine. the cell damage was very similar to that seen in vivo and in the isolated perfused rat liver, both in biochemical and in structural terms. the severity of the lesions caused by d-galactosamine was dependent on the age of the culture being treated. less severe damage was found with older cultures. since the primary metabolic effects of d-galactosamine were age-independent, the reduction i ...	1985	2857129
specific binding of endotoxin to human monocytes and mouse macrophages: serum requirement.	specific binding of bordetella pertussis and neisseria meningitidis endotoxins to human monocytes and murine macrophages was demonstrated. binding of b. pertussis endotoxin could be inhibited by endotoxins of salmonella minnesota, escherichia coli, and klebsiella pneumoniae, the extent of inhibition being dependent on the origin of the lipopolysaccharides and on the origin of the mononuclear phagocytic cells. the binding of b. pertussis and n. meningitidis endotoxins which was mediated by the po ...	1985	2857597
immunomodulation by bordetella pertussis: antiviral effects.	treatment of mice by intraperitoneal inoculation of pertussis vaccine or lipopolysaccharide extracted from b. pertussis will effect resistance to rabies virus, encephalomyocarditis virus, semliki forest virus, and herpes simplex virus. our previous observations indicated that treatment of c3h/hen (+/nu) and bdf1 mice with pertussis vaccine injected i.p. five days prior to a mouse adenovirus lethal dose i.p. challenge elicited resistance to clinical disease and death. susceptibility returned to a ...	1985	2872109
the effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) on histamine release from human basophils. i. enhancement of immunologic release by lps.	preincubation of human basophils with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) purified from the heptose-deficient mutant salmonella minnesota r595 enhanced by an average of sixfold the response of peripheral blood basophils obtained from allergic donors to several allergens in vitro as judged by release of histamine. enhancement occurred at suboptimal, optimal, and supraoptimal concentrations of antigen. no effect was seen if basophils were from a nonallergic donor, and lps by itself rarely caused hi ...	1985	2578909
antigenic properties of chlamydia trachomatis lipopolysaccharide.	the antigenic properties of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of chlamydia trachomatis l2 were investigated. by means of passive hemolysis, passive hemolysis inhibition, and absorption experiments, it was shown that antiserum raised against chlamydial elementary bodies contained at least two different antibody specificities which reacted with different antigenic determinants of chlamydial lps. one of these antibodies cross-reacted with enterobacterial re lps, recognizing a structure which is shared b ...	1985	2580795
binding activity of a murine anti-lipid a monoclonal antibody.	in this report we briefly describe an immunoglobulin g3 monoclonal antibody, 2g6/1h11, which binds purified lipid a from salmonella minnesota and a lipid a precursor molecule derived from salmonella typhimurium. 2g6/1h11 does not bind well to purified whole s. typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (lps), s. minnesota lps, lps preparations from a series of s. minnesota rough mutants, or intact s. typhimurium bacteria. thus, there are antigenic determinants in purified lipid a which are not exposed when ...	1985	2580797
[demonstration of a species specific determinant of bacteroides fragilis lipopolysaccharides using monoclonal antibodies].	the reactivity of two monoclonal antibodies to bacteroides fragilis was tested (elisa) with 37 strains of b. fragilis, 1 strain each of b. thetaiotaomicron, b. ovatus, b. vulgatus and b. eggerthii, 1 strain of fusobacterium, as well as pseudomonas aeruginosa (6 strains), e coli (8 strains), klebsiella (2 strains), yersinia enterocolitica (1 strain) and lps from salmonella minnesota. both monoclonal antibodies proved to be specific for b. fragilis. the determinants recognized by these antibodies ...	1985	2581371
characterization of two different antibody specificities recognizing distinct antigenic determinants in free lipid a of escherichia coli.	antisera were raised in rabbits with acid-treated re mutant bacteria from salmonella minnesota and escherichia coli and tested in a passive hemolysis assay with di- and monophosphorylated free lipid a of e. coli (lipa-ac and lipa-hcl, respectively) coated onto sheep erythrocytes. depending on the acid used to prepare the immunogen (acetic versus hydrochloric acid), different antibody specificities were obtained. antiserum prepared against hcl-treated bacteria was found to react with both antigen ...	1985	2581900
monophosphoryl lipid a obtained from lipopolysaccharides of salmonella minnesota r595. purification of the dimethyl derivative by high performance liquid chromatography and complete structural determination.	the monophosphoryl lipid a (mla) obtained from the lipopolysaccharides of salmonella minnesota r595 was fractionated on a silicic acid column to yield the heptaacyl, hexaacyl, and pentaacyl mla. each of these mlas was methylated with diazomethane to yield the dimethyl derivative and purified to homogeneity by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. the molecular ions obtained by positive ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of purified dimethyl heptaacyl mla allowed us to es ...	1985	3988753
effect of ph on turbidity and ultrastructures of endotoxins extracted from salmonella minnesota wild type and re mutant.		1985	3990586