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a new acidophilic thermostable endo-1,4-β-mannanase from penicillium oxalicum gz-2: cloning, characterization and functional expression in pichia pastoris.endo-1,4-β-mannanase is an enzyme that can catalyze the random hydrolysis of β-1, 4-mannosidic linkages in the main chain of mannans, glucomannans and galactomannans and has a number of applications in different biotechnology industries. penicillium oxalicum is a powerful hemicellulase-producing fungus (bioresour technol 123:117-124, 2012); however, few previous studies have focused on the cloning and expression of the endo-1,4-β-mannanase gene from penicillium oxalicum.201425348022
differential expression of peroxidase and abc transporter as the key regulatory components for degradation of azo dyes by penicillium oxalicum sar-3.fungal species are potential dye decomposers since these secrete spectra of extracellular enzymes involved in catabolism. however, cellular mechanisms underlying azo dye catalysis and detoxification are incompletely understood and obscure. a potential strain designated as penicillium oxalicum sar-3 demonstrated broad-spectrum catabolic ability of different azo dyes. a forward suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) cdna library of p. oxalicum sar-3 constructed in presence and absence of azo ...201425270890
a new acidophilic endo-β-1,4-xylanase from penicillium oxalicum: cloning, purification, and insights into the influence of metal ions on xylanase activity.a new acidophilic xylanase (xyn11a) from penicillium oxalicum gz-2 has been purified, identified and characterized. synchronized fluorescence spectroscopy was used for the first time to evaluate the influence of metal ions on xylanase activity. the purified enzyme was identified by maldi tof/tof mass spectrometry, and its gene (xyn11a) was identified as an open reading frame of 706 bp with a 68 bp intron. this gene encodes a mature protein of 196 residues with a predicted molecular weight of 21. ...201424818699
dihydrothiophene-condensed chromones from a marine-derived fungus penicillium oxalicum and their structure-bioactivity relationship.four dihydrothiophene-condensed chromones including two new compounds oxalicumones d-e (1-2) and known oxalicumones a-b (3-4), along with five other known chromones were isolated from a culture broth of the marine gorgonian-associated fungus penicillium oxalicum scsgaf 0023. the structures of 1-2 were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. eleven derivatives 3a-3i and 4a-4b were obtained from the acylation of 3 and 4, respectively. compounds 1-4, 3a-3e, 3g-3h, and 4b showed significant cytotoxici ...201424767845
functional characterization of protein kinase ck2 regulatory subunits regulating penicillium oxalicum asexual development and hydrolytic enzyme production.casein kinase ck2 is a ubiquitous and conserved phosphate transferase that is critical for the growth and development of eukaryotic cells. in penicillium oxalicum, one catalytic subunit (ck2a) and two regulatory subunits (ck2b1 and ck2b2) of ck2 were annotated. in this study, ck2 regulatory subunit-defective mutants δck2b1 and δck2b2 were constructed to investigate the biological function of ck2 in p. oxalicum. the δck2b1 strain exhibited minimal changes in morphogenesis and conidiation, whereas ...201424613994
a novel bifunctional pectinase from penicillium oxalicum sx6 with separate pectin methylesterase and polygalacturonase catalytic domains.a multimodular pectinase of glycoside hydrolase family 28, s6a, was identified in penicillium oxalicum sx6 that consists of an n-terminal catalytic domain of pectin methylesterase, a thr/ser-rich linker region, and a c-terminal catalytic domain of polygalacturonase. recombinant s6a and its two derivatives, s6pe (the catalytic domain of pectin methylesterase) and s6pg (the catalytic domain of polygalacturonase), were produced in pichia pastoris. s6a was a bifunctional protein and had both pectin ...201424584459
gymnemagenin-producing endophytic fungus isolated from a medicinal plant gymnema sylvestre r.br.gymnema sylvestre is a plant containing the triterpenoid gymnemagenin, which is used in the pharmaceutical industry as an antidiabetic agent. the objective of this study was to determine whether endophytic fungi, isolated from g. sylvestre, produce gymnemagenin. we isolated an endophytic fungal strain from the leaves of g. sylvestre which produces gymnemagenin in the medium. the fungus was identified as penicillium oxalicum based on morphological and molecular methods. the strain had a component ...201424497046
biodegradation of azo dyes acid red 183, direct blue 15 and direct red 75 by the isolate penicillium oxalicum sar-3.soils contaminated with dyes were collected and screened for obtaining potential fungal strains for the degradation of azo dyes. a strain that demonstrated broad spectrum ability for catabolizing different azo dyes viz. acid red 183 (ar 183), direct blue 15 (db 15) and direct red 75 (dr 75) at 100 mg l(-1) concentration was subsequently identified as penicillium oxalicum sar-3 based on 18s and internal transcribed spacer (its) rdna gene sequence analysis. the strain has shown remarkably higher l ...201424418068
enhanced production of chitin deacetylase by penicillium oxalicum saem-51 through response surface optimization of fermentation conditions.optimization of the fermentation conditions for chitin deacetylase (cda) production by penicillium oxalicum saem-51 was undertaken in the present study using central composite design (ccd) under submerged condition. cda is widely employed for bio-catalytic conversion of chitin to chitosan. chitosan is a biopolymer with immense commercial potential in diverse industrial sectors, viz. pharmaceutics, food, agriculture, water treatment, etc. cda production was significantly affected by all the varia ...201428324456
assessment of allergenicity to fungal allergens of rohtak city, haryana, india.fungal spores are known as one of the important bioparticles causing allergic manifestation in human beings. hence, knowledge of season and prevalence of the airborne allergens to which the patients are exposed is a prerequisite for proper diagnosis and treatment of allergic disorders in hypersensitive individuals. keeping this in view, aerial survey was performed in the atmosphere of rohtak city for 2 consecutive years (march 2008-february 2010), using a volumetric petri plate sampler. a total ...201424988378
the distinctive regulatory roles of prtt in the cell metabolism of penicillium oxalicum.prtt is a fungal-specific transcription activator of extracellular proteases in aspergilli. in this study, the roles of the prtt homolog from penicillum oxalicum was investigated by transcription profiling in combination with electrophoretic mobility shift assay (emsa). the prtt deletion dramatically reduced extracellular protease activities and caused intracellular nutrient limitation when cultured on casein as the sole carbon source. prtt was found to directly regulate the expression of an int ...201424333140
two new compounds from a marine-derived fungus penicillium oxalicum.two new anthraquinones, emodin-3-o-sulphate (1) and citreorosein-3-o-sulphate (2), as well as five known anthraquinones, were isolated from a marine-derived fungus penicillium oxalicum. the structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods (1d and 2d nmr, hr-esi-ms).201424261577
efficacy of oryza sativa husk and quercus phillyraeoides extracts for the in vitro and in vivo control of fungal rot disease of white yam (dioscorea rotundata poir).tuber rot disease is a major constraint to white yam (dioscorea rotundata) production, accounting for 50-60% of annual yield losses in nigeria. the main method of control using synthetic fungicides is being discouraged due to human and environmental health hazards. the potential of oryza sativa husk (osh) and quercus phillyraeoides (qp) extracts for the in vitro and in vivo control of six virulent rot-causing fungal pathogens, lasiodiplodia theobromae, aspergillus niger, rhizoctonia solani, peni ...201425674452
isocoumarins from the fermentation products of a plant entophytic fungus penicillium oxalicum.three new isocoumarins, terrecoumarins a-c (1-3), together with six known isocoumarins (4-9) were isolated from the fermentation products of the fungus penicillium oxalicum 0403. their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1d and 2d nmr techniques. the anti-tobacco mosaic virus (anti-tmv) activities of 1-9 were evaluated. the results revealed that compound 1 showed high anti-tmv activity with inhibition rate 25.4 ± 3.5%. other compounds also showed weak activit ...201526411648
phosphate solubilization and promotion of maize growth by penicillium oxalicum p4 and aspergillus niger p85 in a calcareous soil.alternative tactics for improving phosphorus nutrition in crop production are needed in china and elsewhere, as the overapplication of phosphatic fertilizers can adversely impact agricultural sustainability. penicillium oxalicum p4 and aspergillus niger p85 were isolated from a calcareous soil in china that had been exposed to excessive application of phosphatic fertilizer for decades. each isolate excreted a number of organic acids into, acidified, and solubilized phosphorus in a synthetic brot ...201526469739
comparative secretome analysis of aspergillus niger, trichoderma reesei, and penicillium oxalicum during solid-state fermentation.filamentous fungi such as aspergillus spp., trichoderma spp., and penicillium spp. are frequently used to produce high concentrations of lignocellulosic enzymes. this study examined the discrepancies in the compositions and dynamic changes in the extracellular enzyme systems secreted by aspergillus niger atcc1015, trichoderma reesei qm9414, and penicillium oxalicum 114-2 cultured on corn stover and wheat bran. the results revealed different types and an abundance of monosaccharides and oligosacc ...201526319683
improvement of omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid production by marine dinoflagellate crypthecodinium cohnii using rapeseed meal hydrolysate and waste molasses as feedstock.rapeseed meal and waste molasses are two important agro-industrial by-products which are produced in large quantities. in this study, solid state fermentation and fungal autolysis were performed to produce rapeseed meal hydrolysate (rmh) using fungal strains of aspergillus oryzae, penicillium oxalicum and neurospora crassa. the hydrolysate was used as fermentation feedstock for heterotrophic growth of microalga crypthecodinium cohnii that produce docosahexaenoic acid (dha). the addition of waste ...201525942565
stereoselective bioreduction of α-azido ketones by whole cells of marine-derived fungi.seven strains of marine-derived fungi (aspergillus sclerotiorum cbmai 849, cladosporium cladosporioides cbmai 857, penicillium raistrickii cbmai 931, penicillium citrinum cbma 1186, mucor racemosus cbmai 847, beauveria felina cbmai 738, and penicillium oxalicum cbmai 1185) and terrestrial fungus penicillium chrysogenum cbma1199 were screened as catalysts for the asymmetric reduction of α-keto azides 5-8 to their corresponding β-azidophenylethanols 9-12. the marine fungi showed prelog and anti-pr ...201526272428
the role of a phospholipase (pld) in virulence of purpureocillium lilacinum (paecilomyces lilacinum).phospholipases are key enzymes in pathogenic fungi that cleave host phospholipids, resulting in membrane destabilization and host cell penetration. however, understanding the role of phospholipases on the virulence of the filamentous fungus purpureocillium lilacinum has been still rather limited. in this study, pld gene was characterized. it encodes the protein phospholipase d (pld) in p. lilacinum. this gene, 3303 bp open reading frame fragment (orf), encodes a protein of 1100 amino acids with ...201526026833
characterization, gene cloning, and sequencing of a fungal phytase, phya, from penicillium oxalicum pj3.a phytase from penicillium oxalicum pj3, phya, was purified near to homogeneity with 427-fold increase in specific phytase activity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, and ion-exchange chromatographies. sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and zymogram analysis of the purified enzyme indicated an estimated molecular mass of 65 kd. the optimal ph and temperature of the purified enzyme were ph 4.5 and 55°c, respectively. the enzyme activity was strong ...201524839991
butyrolactones derivatives from the fermentation products of a plant entophytic fungus penicillium oxalicum.two new butyrolactone derivatives, terrelactones a and b (1 and 2), together with four known butyrolactone derivatives (3-6), were isolated from the fermentation products of the fungus penicillium oxalicum 0403. their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1d and 2d nmr techniques. the anti-tobacco mosaic virus (anti-tmv) activities of 1 and 2 were evaluated. the results showed that compounds 1 and 2 exhibited high anti-tmv activity with inhibition rates of 25.5 ...201525702805
enhanced cellulase production by penicillium oxalicum for bio-ethanol application.present study was focused on cellulase production from an indigenously isolated filamentous fungal strain, identified as penicillium oxalicum. initially, cellulase production under submerged fermentation in shake flasks resulted in cellulase activity of 0.7 fpu/ml. optimization of process parameters enhanced cellulase production by 1.7-fold and resulted in maximum cellulase activity of 1.2 fpu/ml in 8 days. cellulase production was successfully scaled-up to 7 l fermenter under controlled conditi ...201525661515
newly isolated penicillium oxalicum a592-4b secretes enzymes that degrade milled rice straw with high efficiency.an enzyme producing micro-organism, which can directly saccharify rice straw that has only been crushed without undergoing the current acid or alkaline pretreatment, was found. from the homology with the its, 28s rdna sequence, the strain named a592-4b was identified as penicillium oxalicum. activities of the a592-4b enzymes and commercial enzyme preparations were compared by novozymes cellic ctec2 and genencore gc220. in the present experimental condition, activity of a592-4b enzymes was 2.6 ti ...201525586551
endophytes in the plant huperzia serrata: fungal diversity and discovery of a new pentapeptide.endophytic fungi are an underexploited resource of natural products and have a capacity to produce diverse classes of plant-derived secondary metabolites. here, we investigated the diversity of endophytic fungi from huperzia serrata and the potential for discovering novel fungal natural products. one hundred and fifty-five endophytic fungi isolates obtained from h. serrata, belonging to four classes dothideomycetes (47.3 %), sordariomycetes (36.8 %), eurotiomycetes (10.6 %) and an undefined clas ...201525526853
a new phenolic enamide and a new meroterpenoid from marine alga-derived endophytic fungus penicillium oxalicum en-290.ten secondary metabolites (1-10) including a new phenolic enamide, methyl (z)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-formamidoacrylate (1), and a new meroterpenoid, 15-hydroxydecaturin a (2), were characterized from the etoac extracts of the marine alga-derived endophytic fungus penicillium oxalicum en-290. the structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of 1d and 2d nmr experiments and the absolute configuration of compound 2 was confirmed by electronic circular dichroism quantum calculations ...201526670415
purification, sequencing and evaluation of a divergent phytase from penicillium oxalicum kctc6440.a fungal strain producing high levels of phytase was purified to homogeneity from penicillium oxalicum kctc6440 (phya). the molecular mass of the purified phya was 65 kda and optimal activity occurred at 55°c. the enzyme was stable in a ph range of 4.5-6.5, with an optimum performance at ph 5.5. the km value for the substrate sodium phytate was 0.48 mm with a vmax of 672 u/mg. the enzyme was inhibited by ca(2+), cu(2+), and zn(2+), and slightly enhanced by edta. the phya efficiently released pho ...201526377131
synergistic and dose-controlled regulation of cellulase gene expression in penicillium oxalicum.filamentous fungus penicillium oxalicum produces diverse lignocellulolytic enzymes, which are regulated by the combinations of many transcription factors. here, a single-gene disruptant library for 470 transcription factors was constructed and systematically screened for cellulase production. twenty transcription factors (including clrb, crea, xlnr, ace1, amyr, and 15 unknown proteins) were identified to play putative roles in the activation or repression of cellulase synthesis. most of these re ...201526360497
functional diversity and properties of multiple xylanases from penicillium oxalicum gz-2.a multiple xylanase system with high levels of xylanase activity produced from penicillium oxalicum gz-2 using agricultural waste as a substrate has been previously reported. however, the eco-physiological properties and origin of the multiplicity of xylanases remain unclear. in the present study, eight active bands were detected using zymography, and all bands were identified as putative xylanases using maldi-tof-ms/ms. these putative xylanases are encoded by six different xylanase genes. to ev ...201526224514
function of a p24 heterodimer in morphogenesis and protein transport in penicillium oxalicum.the lignocellulose degradation capacity of filamentous fungi has been widely studied because of their cellulase hypersecretion. the p24 proteins in eukaryotes serve important functions in this secretory pathway. however, little is known about the functions of the p24 proteins in filamentous fungi. in this study, four p24 proteins were identified in penicillium oxalicum. six p24 double-deletion strains were constructed, and further studies were carried out with the δerpδpδ strain. the experimenta ...201526149342
optimization of cellulase production by penicillium oxalicum using banana agrowaste as a substrate.the purpose of this study was to produce a higher amount of cellulase by using an alternative carbon source, such as banana agrowaste, and to optimize the fermentation parameters for a high yield. in the present study, cellulase-producing penicillium was isolated from a decaying wood sample. different nutritional and environmental factors were investigated to assess their effect on cellulase production. the highest crude enzyme production was observed at a ph 6.0 and a temperature of 28°c in a m ...201526018499
new compound with dna topo i inhibitory activity purified from penicillium oxalicum hsy05.strain hsy05 was isolated from sea sediment collected from the south china sea and was later identified as penicillium oxalicum by 16s rdna sequence analysis. various chromatographic processes led to the isolation and purification of two metabolites from the fermentation culture of hsy05, including one new compound, 2,2',4,4'-tetrahyoxy-8'-methyl-6-methoxy-acyl-ethyl-diphenylmethanone (1), and a known compound secalonic acid d (sad, 2), as characterised by uv, ir, 1d, 2d-nmr and ms data. the inh ...201525966868
redesigning the regulatory pathway to enhance cellulase production in penicillium oxalicum.in cellulolytic fungi, induction and repression mechanisms synchronously regulate the synthesis of cellulolytic enzymes for accurate responses to carbon sources in the environment. many proteins, particularly transcription regulatory factors involved in these processes, were identified and genetically engineered in penicillium oxalicum and other cellulolytic fungi. despite such great efforts, its effect of modifying a single target to improve the production of cellulase is highly limited.201525949521
efficient production and evaluation of lignocellulolytic enzymes using a constitutive protein expression system in penicillium oxalicum.native lignocellulolytic enzyme systems secreted by filamentous fungi can be further optimized by protein engineering or supplementation of exogenous enzyme components. we developed a protein production and evaluation system in cellulase-producing fungus penicillium oxalicum. first, by deleting the major amylase gene amy15a, a strain δ15a producing few extracellular proteins on starch was constructed. then, three lignocellulolytic enzymes (bgl4, xyn10b, and cel12a) with originally low expression ...201525868624
linker length and flexibility induces new cellobiohydrolase activity of pocel6a from penicillium oxalicum.in a previous study, a novel cellobiohydrolase, pocel6a, with new enzymatic activity against p-nitrophenyl-β-d-cellobioside (pnpc), was purified from penicillium oxalicum. the cellulose-binding module and catalytic domain of pocel6a showed a high degree of sequence similarity with other fungal cel6as. however, pocel6a had 11 more amino acids in the linker region than other cel6as. to evaluate the relationship between the longer linker of pocel6a and its enzymatic activity, 11 amino acids were de ...201525866282
a tet-on and cre-loxp based genetic engineering system for convenient recycling of selection markers in penicillium oxalicum.the lack of selective markers has been a key problem preventing multistep genetic engineering in filamentous fungi, particularly for industrial species such as the lignocellulose degrading penicillium oxalicum jua10-1(formerly named as penicillium decumbens). to resolve this problem, we constructed a genetic manipulation system taking advantage of two established genetic systems: the cre-loxp system and tet-on system in p. oxalicum jua10-1. this system is efficient and convenient. the expression ...201627148179
biological preparation of chitosan nanoparticles and its in vitro antifungal efficacy against some phytopathogenic fungi.the aim of the present study was to prepare chitosan nanoparticles through biological method with high antifungal activities. chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by the addition of anionic proteins isolated from penicillium oxalicum culture to chitosan solutions. the formation of chitosan nanoparticles was preliminary confirmed by uv-vis spectrophotometric analysis. the physico-chemical properties of the chitosan nanoparticles were determined by size and zeta potential analysis, ftir analysis, ...201627474573
the development of genetic and molecular markers to register and commercialize penicillium rubens (formerly penicillium oxalicum) strain 212 as a biocontrol agent.penicillium oxalicum strain 212 (po212) is an effective biocontrol agent (bca) against a large number of economically important fungal plant pathogens. for successful registration as a bca in europe, po212 must be accurately identified. in this report, we describe the use of classical genetic and molecular markers to characterize and identify po212 in order to understand its ecological role in the environment or host. we successfully generated pyrimidine (pyr-) auxotrophic mutants. in addition w ...201626467970
the different roles of penicillium oxalicum laea in the production of extracellular cellulase and β-xylosidase.cellulolytic enzyme hydrolysis of lignocellulose biomass to release fermentable sugars is one of the key steps in biofuel refining. gene expression of fungal cellulolytic enzymes is tightly controlled at the transcriptional level. key transcription factors such as activator clrb/clr2 and xlnr/xyr1, as well as repressor crea/cre1 play crucial roles in this process. the putative protein methyltransferase laea/lae1 has also been reported to regulate the gene expression of the cellulolytic enzyme. t ...201628066400
does spore count matter in fungal allergy?: the role of allergenic fungal species.fungi have been known to be important aeroallergens for hundreds of years. most studies have focused on total fungal concentration; however, the concentration of specific allergenic fungi may be more important on an individual basis.201627334778
a study of organic acid production in contrasts between two phosphate solubilizing fungi: penicillium oxalicum and aspergillus niger.phosphate solubilizing fungi (psf) have huge potentials in enhancing release of phosphorus from fertilizer. two psf (njdl-03 and njdl-12) were isolated and identified as penicillium oxalicum and aspergillus niger respectively in this study. the quantification and identification of organic acids were performed by hplc. total concentrations of organic acids secreted by njdl-03 and njdl-12 are ~4000 and ~10,000 mg/l with ph values of 3.6 and 2.4 respectively after five-days culture. oxalic acid dom ...201627126606
identification and characterization of an acidic and acid-stable endoxyloglucanase from penicillium oxalicum.xyloglucan is a major structural macromolecule of the primary cell wall of spermatophytes. the hydrolysis of xyloglucan by xyloglucanases may facilitate the hydrolysis of cellulose by cellulases, which is beneficial for bioethanol production. penicillium oxalicum has been employed for commercial cellulase production. in p. oxalicum, many genes and proteins related to the degradation of structural macromolecules of the plant cell wall have been found, but no gene encoding a xyloglucanase has been ...201626840178
tomato plant proteins actively responding to fungal applications and their role in cell physiology.the pattern of protein induction in tomato plants has been investigated after the applications of pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungal species. moreover, particular roles of the most active protein against biological applications were also determined using chromatographic techniques. alternaria alternata and penicillium oxalicum were applied as a pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungal species, respectively. protein profile analysis revealed that a five protein species (i.e., protein 1, 6, 10, 12, ...201627445848
efficient hydrolysis of raw starch and ethanol fermentation: a novel raw starch-digesting glucoamylase from penicillium oxalicum.starch is a very abundant and renewable carbohydrate and is an important feedstock for industrial applications. the conventional starch liquefaction and saccharification processes are energy-intensive, complicated, and not environmentally friendly. raw starch-digesting glucoamylases are capable of directly hydrolyzing raw starch to glucose at low temperatures, which significantly simplifies processing and reduces the cost of producing starch-based products.201627777618
expression and chromatin structures of cellulolytic enzyme gene regulated by heterochromatin protein 1.heterochromatin protein 1 (hp1, homologue hepa in penicillium oxalicum) binding is associated with a highly compact chromatin state accompanied by gene silencing or repression. hp1 loss leads to the derepression of gene expression. we investigated hepa roles in regulating cellulolytic enzyme gene expression, as an increasingly number of studies have suggested that cellulolytic enzyme gene expression is not only regulated by transcription factors, but is also affected by the chromatin status.201627729944
comparative genomic, transcriptomic and secretomic profiling of penicillium oxalicum hp7-1 and its cellulase and xylanase hyper-producing mutant eu2106, and identification of two novel regulatory genes of cellulase and xylanase gene expression.the filamentous fungus penicillium oxalicum is a potential alternative to trichoderma reesei for industrial production of a complete cellulolytic enzyme system for a bio-refinery. comparative omics approaches can support rational genetic engineering and/or breeding of filamentous fungi with improved cellulase production capacity. in this study, comparative genomic, transcriptomic and secretomic profiling of p. oxalicum hp7-1 and its cellulase and xylanase hyper-producing mutant eu2106 were emplo ...201627688806
oxad: a versatile indolic nitrone synthase from the marine-derived fungus penicillium oxalicum f30.indole alkaloids are a diverse class of natural products known for their wide range of biological activities and complex chemical structures. rarely observed in this class are indolic nitrones, such as avrainvillamide and waikialoid, which possess potent bioactivities. herein the oxa gene cluster from the marine-derived fungus penicillium oxalicum f30 is described along with the characterization of oxad, a flavin-dependent oxidase that generates roquefortine l, a nitrone-bearing intermediate in ...201627505044
putative methyltransferase laea and transcription factor crea are necessary for proper asexual development and controlling secondary metabolic gene cluster expression.the morphological development of fungi is a complex process and is often coupled with secondary metabolite production. in this study, we assessed the function of putative methyltransferase laea and transcription factor crea in controlling asexual development and secondary metabolic gene cluster expression in penicillium oxalicum. the deletion of laea (δlaea) impaired the conidiation in p. oxalicum, with a downregulated expression of brla. overexpression of p. oxalicum brla in δlaea could upregul ...201627387217
adsorption and mechanism of cellulase enzymes onto lignin isolated from corn stover pretreated with liquid hot water.in the bioconversion of lignocellulosic substrates, the adsorption behavior of cellulase onto lignin has a negative effect on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose, decreasing glucose production during enzymatic hydrolysis, thus decreasing the yield of fermentation and the production of useful products. understanding the interaction between lignin and cellulase is necessary to optimize the components of cellulase mixture, genetically engineer high-efficiency cellulase, and reduce cost of bioconversi ...201627274766
a new family-3 glycoside hydrolase from penicillium oxalicum bl 3005 catalyzing tyrosol glucosylation to form salidroside.a glycoside hydrolase from penicillium oxalicum bl 3005 was purified to apparent homogeneity. its molecular mass was estimated to be 90 kda by sds-page. the enzyme was identified to be a new member of family-3 by peptide sequence. high transglycosylation activity was found in the hydrolytic reaction of cellobiose. in the reaction, salidroside (4-hydroxyphenethyl o-β-d-glucopyranoside) was formed by adding tyrosol as the glycosyl acceptor. the optimum reaction ph and temperature were ph 6.5 and 5 ...201627222303
oxalicumone a, a new dihydrothiophene-condensed sulfur chromone induces apoptosis in leukemia cells through endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway.oxalicumone a (poa1), a novel dihydrothiophene-condensed sulfur chromone isolated from the marine fungus penicillium oxalicum scsgaf 0023, showed cytotoxicity against several cancer cells previously. in this study, its anti-cancer activity and underlying mechanism of this action were investigated in leukemia cells like kg-1a, hl60, u937, and k562. the results showed that poa1 inhibited dose-/time-dependently cell growth and induced apoptosis in leukemia cells. also, poa1 caused cleavages of casp ...201627132813
production of a high-efficiency cellulase complex via β-glucosidase engineering in penicillium oxalicum.trichoderma reesei is a widely used model cellulolytic fungus, supplying a highly effective cellulase production system. recently, the biofuel industry discovered filamentous fungi from the penicillium genus as a promising alternative to t. reesei.201627034716
a novel bzip transcription factor clrc positively regulates multiple stress responses, conidiation and cellulase expression in penicillium oxalicum.cellulase production in filamentous fungi is largely regulated at the transcriptional level, and several transcription factors have been reported to be involved in this process. in this study, we identified clrc, a novel transcription factor in cellulase production in penicillium oxalicum. clrc and its orthologs have a highly conserved basic leucine zipper (bzip) dna binding domain, and their biological functions have not been explored. deletion of clrc resulted in pleiotropic effects, including ...201627012606
proteomic analysis of the biomass hydrolytic potentials of penicillium oxalicum lignocellulolytic enzyme system.the mining of high-performance enzyme systems is necessary to develop industrial lignocellulose bioconversion. large amounts of cellulases and hemicellulases can be produced by penicillium oxalicum. hence, the enzyme system of this hypercellulolytic fungus should be elucidated to help design optimum enzyme systems for effective biomass hydrolysis.201626997974
bioweathering potential of cultivable fungi associated with semi-arid surface microhabitats of mayan buildings.soil and rock surfaces support microbial communities involved in mineral weathering processes. using selective isolation, fungi were obtained from limestone surfaces of mayan monuments in the semi-arid climate at yucatan, mexico. a total of 101 isolates representing 53 different taxa were studied. common fungi such as fusarium, pestalotiopsis, trichoderma, and penicillium were associated with surfaces and were, probably derived from airborne spores. in contrast, unusual fungi such as rosellinia, ...201626941725
cytotoxic 1,3-thiazole and 1,2,4-thiadiazole alkaloids from penicillium oxalicum: structural elucidation and total synthesis.two new thiazole and thiadiazole alkaloids, penicilliumthiamine a and b (2 and 3), were isolated from the culture broth of penicillium oxalicum, a fungus found in acrida cinerea. their structures were elucidated mainly by spectroscopic analysis, total synthesis and x-ray crystallographic analysis. biological evaluations indicated that compound 1, 3a and 3 exhibit potent cytotoxicity against different cancer cell lines through inhibiting the phosphorylation of akt/pkb (ser 473), one of important ...201626927049
a novel acid-stable endo-polygalacturonase from penicillium oxalicum cz1028: purification, characterization, and application in the beverage industry.acidic endo-polygalacturonases are the major part of pectinase preparations and extensively applied in the clarification of fruits juice, vegetables extracts, and wines. however, most of the reported fungal endo-polygalacturonases are active and stable under narrow ph range and low temperatures. in this study, an acidic endo-polygalacturonase (epg4) was purified and characterized from a mutant strain of penicillium oxalicum. the n-terminal amino acid sequence of epg4 (attctfsgsngaasasksqt) was d ...201626907758
a biotechnological process efficiently co-produces two high value-added products, glucose and xylooligosaccharides, from sugarcane bagasse.in this study, a co-production of two high value-added products, glucose and xylooligosaccharides (xos), was investigated by utilizing sugarcane bagasse (sb) within a multi-product bio-refinery framework optimized by box-behnken design-based response surface methodology. the developed process resulted in a maximum cellulose conversion of xylan-removed sb, 98.69±1.30%, and a maximum extracted sb xylan conversion into xos (xylobiose and xylotriose) of 57.36±0.79% that was the highest sb xylan conv ...201626773956
penicillium oxalicum poflbc regulates fungal asexual development and is important for cellulase gene expression.filamentous fungi can initiate vegetative growth on complex plant polysaccharides in nature through secreting a large amount of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes. these fungi develop a large amount of asexual spores to disperse and survive under harsh conditions, such as carbon and nitrogen depletion. numerous studies report the presence of a cross-talk between asexual development and extracellular enzyme production, especially at the regulation level. this study identified and characterized a c2 ...201626724278
a newly isolated penicillium oxalicum 16 cellulase with high efficient synergism and high tolerance of monosaccharide.compared to trichoderma reesei rut-c30 cellulase (trcel), penicillium oxalicum 16 cellulase (p16cel) from the fermentation supernatant produced a 2-fold higher glucose yield when degrading microcrystalline cellulose (mcc), possessed a 10-fold higher β-glucosidase (bgl) activity, but obtained somewhat lower other cellulase component activities. the optimal temperature and ph of β-1,4-endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and filter paperase from p16cel were 50-60 °c and 4-5, respectively, but those o ...201626410224
synthesis, photocatalytic, and antifungal properties of mgo, zno and zn/mg oxide nanoparticles for the protection of calcareous stone heritage.more recently, the biological colonization of stone heritage and consequently its biodeterioration has become the focus of numerous studies. among all microorganisms, fungi are considered to be one of the most important colonizers and biodegraders on stone materials. this is why the development of new antifungal materials requires immediate action. znmgo nanoparticles (nps) have several exciting applications in different areas, highlighting as an efficient antimicrobial agent for medical applica ...201728679041
constitutive expression of chimeric transcription factors enables cellulase synthesis under non-inducing conditions in penicillium oxalicum.industrial production of cellulase by filamentous fungi is largely dependent on cellulose, which serves as a natural inducer of cellulase expression. however, insoluble cellulose is unfavorable to submerged fermentation and thus limits the production level of cellulase. here, the possibility of cellulase production under non-inducing conditions was explored in penicillium oxalicum by overexpressing two chimeric transcription factors. the chimeric transcription factors contain the dna binding dom ...201728755483
isolation of limonoid compound (hamisonine) from endophytic fungi penicillium oxalicum la-1 (kx622790) of limonia acidissima l. for its larvicidal efficacy against lf vector, culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae).upon screening for novel and potential biocompounds with larvicidal activities, we successfully isolated hamisonine (hmsn) a limonoid compound from endophytic fungi penicillium oxalicum la-1 of limonia acidissima. the extracted compound structure was elucidated by spectral studies such as uv-vis spectroscopy, thin-layer chromatography, ftir, lc-esi-ms, (1)h nmr, and (13)c nmr upon comparing with the spectral data available in the literature. further, the isolated hmsn was tested against iii and ...201728741206
production of sodium gluconate from delignified corn cob residue by on-site produced cellulase and co-immobilized glucose oxidase and catalase.the production of sodium gluconate by enzymatic catalysis of delignified corn cob residue (dccr) hydrolysate was studied. penicillium oxalicum i1-13 was used for the production of cellulase with high β-glucosidase activity. a fed-batch saccharification process was developed to obtain high yields of glucose. at the end of hydrolysis, the concentration of glucose reached 145.80g/l. glucose oxidase and catalase were co-immobilized to catalyze dccr hydrolysate to produce sodium gluconate. under the ...201728716292
improvement of cellulolytic enzyme production and performance by rational designing expression regulatory network and enzyme system composition.filamentous fungi are considered as the most efficient producers expressing lignocellulose-degrading enzymes. penicillium oxalicum strains possess extraordinary fungal lignocellulolytic enzyme systems and can efficiently utilize plant biomass. in recent years, the regulatory aspects of production of hydrolytic enzymes by p. oxalicum have been well established. this review aims to discuss the recent developments for the production of lignocellulolytic enzymes by p. oxalicum. the main cellulolytic ...201728684177
deletion of ligd significantly improves gene targeting frequency in the lignocellulolytic filamentous fungus penicillium oxalicum.to improve the gene targeting frequency (gtf) in the lignocellulolytic filamentous fungus penicillium oxalicum hp7-1, the non-homologous end-joining (nhej) gene ligd was deleted. the obtained poligd deletion mutant δpoligd showed no apparent defect in cellulase production, growth rate, and sensitivity towards osmotic stress and mutagen ethyl methanesulphonate (ems), while increased sensitivity to high concentrations of methyl methanesulfonate (mms). deletion of poligd gene resulted in significan ...201728606356
combining manipulation of transcription factors and overexpression of the target genes to enhance lignocellulolytic enzyme production in penicillium oxalicum.lignocellulolytic enzymes are the main enzymes to saccharify lignocellulose from renewable plant biomass in the bio-based economy. the production of these enzymes is transcriptionally regulated by multiple transcription factors. we previously engineered penicillium oxalicum for improved cellulase production via manipulation of three genes in the cellulase expression regulatory network. however, the potential of combinational engineering of multiple regulators and their targets at protein abundan ...201728428823
improving cellulase productivity of penicillium oxalicum re-10 by repeated fed-batch fermentation strategy.medium optimization and repeated fed-batch fermentation were performed to improve the cellulase productivity by p. oxalicum re-10 in submerged fermentation. first, plackett-burman design (pbd) and central composite design (ccd) were used to optimize the medium for cellulase production. pbd demonstrated wheat bran and nano3 had significant influences on cellulase production. the ccd results showed the maximum filter paper activity (fpa) production of 8.61u/ml could be achieved in erlenmeyer flask ...201728013132
evidence of gushing induction by penicillium oxalicum proteins.the aim of this study was to elucidate whether grape-associated fungi exert an influence on gushing by their production of surface-active compounds.201727930840
evaluation of hdpe and ldpe degradation by fungus, implemented by statistical optimization.plastic in any form is a nuisance to the well-being of the environment. the 'pestilence' caused by it is mainly due to its non-degradable nature. with the industrial boom and the population explosion, the usage of plastic products has increased. a steady increase has been observed in the use of plastic products, and this has accelerated the pollution. several attempts have been made to curb the problem at large by resorting to both chemical and biological methods. chemical methods have only resu ...201728051105
hydrolysis of nicosulfuron under acidic environment caused by oxalate secretion of a novel penicillium oxalicum strain yc-wm1.a novel penicillium oxalicum strain yc-wm1, isolated from activated sludge, was found to be capable of completely degrading 100 mg/l of nicosulfuron within six days when incubated in gsm at 33 °c. nicosulfuron degradation rates were affected by gsm initial ph, nicosulfuron initial concentration, glucose initial concentration, and carbon source. after inoculation, the medium ph was decreased from 7.0 to 4.5 within one day and remained at around 3.5 during the next few days, in which nicosulfuron ...201728381881
toxicity study of oxalicumone a, derived from a marine-derived fungus penicillium oxalicum, in cultured renal epithelial cells.oxalicumone a (poa), a novel dihydrothiophene-condensed chromone, was isolated from the marine‑derived fungus penicillium oxalicum. previous reports demonstrated that poa exhibits strong activity against human carcinoma cells, thus it has been suggested as a bioactive anticancer agent. to research the toxic effect of poa on cultured normal epithelial human kidney‑2 (hk‑2) cells and evaluate its clinical safety, cell survival was evaluated by the cell counting kit-8 assay and apoptosis was evalua ...201728260084
identification of an acidic endo-polygalacturonase from penicillium oxalicum cz1028 and its broad use in major tropical and subtropical fruit juices production.endo-polygalacturonases play an important role on depectinization in fruit juices industry. a putative endo-polygalacturonase gene poxaenpg28a was cloned from penicillium oxalicum cz1028. poxaenpg28a consisted of a putative signal peptide and a catalytic domain belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 28, and it shared 72% identity with that of a functionally characterized endo-polygalacturonase from trichoderma harzianum. gene poxaenpg28a was successfully expressed in pichia pastoris with a high ...201728254341
an aldonolactonase alta from penicillium oxalicum mitigates the inhibition of β-glucosidase during lignocellulose biodegradation.efficient deconstruction of lignocellulose is achieved by the synergistic action of various hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes. however, the aldonolactones generated by oxidative enzymes have inhibitory effects on some cellulolytic enzymes. in this work, d-glucono-1,5-lactone was shown to have a much stronger inhibitory effect than d-glucose and d-gluconate on β-glucosidase, a vital enzyme during cellulose degradation. alta, a secreted enzyme from penicillium oxalicum, was identified as an aldonol ...201728161729
cellulase with high β-glucosidase activity by penicillium oxalicum under solid state fermentation and its use in hydrolysis of cassava residue.in this study, we investigated cellulase production by penicillium oxalicum eu2106 under solid-state fermentation (ssf) and its hydrolysis efficiency toward naoh-h2o2-pretreated cassava residue (nhcr) produced after bioethanol fermentation. optimization of ssf cultivation conditions for p. oxalicum eu2106 using a box-behnken design-based response-surface methodology resulted in maximal cellulase activity of 34.0 ± 2.8 filter-paper units/g dry substrate, exhibiting a ~ twofold increase relative t ...201728120306
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