Publications

generation of chemotactic factors by rhizopus oryzae in the presence and absence of serum: relationship to hyphal damage mediated by human neutrophils and effects of hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis.	as our previous studies had shown that human neutrophils could kill rhizopus oryzae hyphae in vitro, interactions of these hyphae with neutrophils and serum were further explored. heated or fresh normal human sera suppressed hyphal metabolic activity as determined by [14c]uracil uptake, but severe ketoacidosis (8 x 10(-3) m beta-hydroxybutyric acid plus 2 x 10(-3) m acetoacetic acid at ph 7.0) negated this effect. hyperglycemia (500 mg/dl) and severe ketoacidosis did not affect damage to hyphae ...	1982	6818145
antigenic characterization of some potentially pathogenic mucoraceous fungi.	the antigenic profiles of 10 mucoraceous fungi--absidia corymbifera, mortierella wolfii, mucor miehei, m. pusillus, m. racemosus, rhizopus arrhizus, r. microsporus, r. oryzae, r. rhizopodiformis, r. stolonifer,--candida albicans and aspergillus fumigatus were compared by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (xie). antigen-rich material was obtained from homogenized hyphae (or yeasts in the case of c. albicans), and antisera by multiple subcutaneous innoculation of rabbits with macerated but viable hyph ...	1982	6182620
selective effects of two systemic fungicides on soil fungi.	bas 317 00f was not toxic to the total count of fungi after 2 days but was regularly significantly toxic at the three doses after 5, 20 and 40 days and toxic at the low and the high doses after 80 days. in the agar medium, it was toxic to the counts of total fungi. aspergillus, a. terreus, rhizopus oryzae and mucor racemosus at the high dose. only the mycelial growth of trichoderma viride which was significantly inhibited by the three doses when this fungicide was added to the liquid medium. pol ...	1982	6290890
damage to aspergillus fumigatus and rhizopus oryzae hyphae by oxidative and nonoxidative microbicidal products of human neutrophils in vitro.	our previous studies established that human neutrophils could damage and probably kill hyphae of aspergillus fumigatus and rhizopus oryzae in vitro, primarily by oxygen-dependent mechanisms active at the cell surface. these studies were extended, again quantitating hyphal damage by reduction in uptake of (14)c-labeled uracil or glutamine. neither a. fumigatus nor r. oryzae hyphae were damaged by neutrophils from patients with chronic granulomatous disease, confirming the importance of oxidative ...	1982	6292103
fungistatic capacity of sera from guinea pigs injected with various iron solutions: differences between trichophyton mentagrophytes and rhizopus oryzae.	the fungistatic capacity and serum ion levels (si) of guinea pigs given subcutaneous injections of various iron solutions were examined. the administration of 2.0 ml of 0.1 m ferric ammonium sulfate, ferric sulfate, or ferric chloride subcutaneously had no significant effect on the si 3 h after administration, whereas ferric ammonium citrate, ferric citrate, or ferrous sulfate elevated the si to 50 to 140 times that necessary to saturate the unbound transferrin in normal sera. the sera from 11 o ...	1982	7054128
stability and inhibition of aspergillus and rhizopus lipases.	a lipase (triacylglyceral aclhydrolase, ec 3.1.1.3) secreted by aspergillus contains two chains each of molecular weight 25000, with 12 mannose, two galactose and two n-acetylglucosamine residues per chain. the average hydrophobicity is close to the mean fov globular proteins. thermal denaturation was biphasic when followed by circular dichroism but the stability is not unusual for globular proteins, nor does partial removal of the carbohydrate affect it. (delta g=46kj). refolding did not occur. ...	1982	7055576
lipase-induced alterations of fatty acid synthesis by subcellular fractions from germinating pea (pisum sativum l.).	1. the effect of exogenous lipases on fatty acid synthesis from [14c]malonyl-coa by the microsomal and soluble fractions from germinating peas was studied. 2. addition of phospholipase a2 or the lipase from rhizopus arrhizus had no effect on total fatty acid synthesis by the soluble fraction but caused severe inhibition of that by the microsomal fraction. 3. the addition of enzymes with phospholipase activity particularly inhibited the microsomal stearate elongase. 4. control studies indicated t ...	1982	7115342
monocyte-mediated damage to rhizopus oryzae hyphae in vitro.	clinicopathological correlations from human cases and experimental animal studies suggest that neutrophils are critical components of the host response to mucormycosis but that other cellular defense mechanisms appear to be important as well. since our previous studies demonstrated that rhizopus oryzae hyphae which are too large to be ingested completely can be damaged and probably killed by human neutrophils, we studied the antihyphal activity of human monocytes. as with neutrophils, light and ...	1982	7141693
[biotin formation by the fungus rhizopus delemar].	the capability of 26 collection micromycete strains to synthesize biotin and transform destiobiotin was investigated. destiobiotin stimulated the biotin formation by the strains of the aspergillus genus (except a. sclerotiorum synthesizing vitamin traces), the fusarium genus, the rhizopus genus (except rh. nigricans), as well as thighemella hyalospora and sporotrichum sulfurescens. among the strains tested rhizopus delemar 1428 synthesized maximum quantities of biotin (over 300 micrograms/1). th ...	1982	7145874
antimycotic activity of berberine sulphate: an alkaloid from an indian medicinal herb.	berberine sulphate in concentrations of 10-25 mg ml -1 inhibited the growth of 11/13 fungi, viz. alternaria, aspergillus flavus, asp. fumigatus, candida albicans, curvularia, drechslera, fusarium, mucor, penicillium, rhizopus oryzae and scopulariopsis. concentrations of 50 mg ml -1 could check the growth of syncephalastrum as well but asp. niger remained unaffected.	1982	7038929
the mechanism of uranium biosorption by rhizopus arrhizus.	biosorption of elements is a little understood phenomenon exhibited by some types of even nonliving microbial biomass. a common fungus rhizopus arrhizus has been reported to take up uranium from aqueous solutions to the extent of 180 mg u(6+)/g. the mechanism of uranium sequestering by this type of biomass was studied by using experimental techniques such as electron microscopy, x-ray energy dispersion analysis, ir spectroscopy, and supporting evidence was obtained for a biosorption mechanism co ...	1982	18546310
the mechanism of thorium biosorption by rhizopus arrhizus.	inactive cells of rhizopus arrhizus have been documented to exhibit a high thorium biosorptive uptake (170 mg/g) from aqueous solutions. the mechanism of thorium sequestering by this biomass type was investigated following the same method as for the uranium biosorption mechanism. the thorium sequestering mechanism appeared somewhat different from that of uranium. experimental evidence is presented which indicates that, at optimum biosorption ph (4), thorium coordinates with the nitrogen of the c ...	1982	18546382
the role of chitin in uranium adsorption by r. arrhizus.	in order to further refine and support the uranium biosorption mechanism hypothesis proposed for rhizopus arrhizus, uranium competitive equilibrium uptake isotherms by chitin were determined at two different solution ph levels and in the presence of different concentrations of competing ions, namely, cu(2+), zn(2+), and fe(2+). the co-ion effect became more poronounced as the co-ion concentration in solution and ph increased. obtained equilibrium data are in agreement with uranium biosorption da ...	1983	18551548
microbial transformation of macrocyclic trichothecenes.	a resting culture of rhizopus arrhizus (atcc 11145) transformed verrucarin a into 16-hydroxyverrucarin a, whereas r. arrhizus transformed verrucarin b into a mixture of 16-hydroxyverrucarin b and 3'-hydroxyverrucarin a. relative to verrucarins a and b, the 16-hydroxy derivatives showed marked increases in activity, as tested in vivo against p388 mouse leukemia.	1983	16346370
immunodiffusion and complement fixation assays with sera from mucormycotic-infected mice.	results using homogenate antigens of rhizomucor pusillus against immunized rabbit sera, mouse ascites fluid and sera from mucormycotic-infected mice, detected by immunodiffusion and complement fixation assays are presented. using immunodiffusion techniques, common antigens and unique antigens from rh. pusillus, rhizopus oryzae and absidia corymbifera were observed. complement fixation titers of greater than 256 and 128 were obtained in immunized rabbit sera and mouse ascites fluid, respectively. ...	1983	6422303
hydroxamate siderophore production by opportunistic and systemic fungal pathogens.	it has been suggested that siderophores may function as virulence factors. there have been few studies on production of siderophores by opportunistic and pathogenic fungi. we examined siderophore production by absidia corymbifera, aspergillus niger, rhizopus arrhizus, rhizopus oryzae, blastomyces dermatitidis, histoplasma capsulatum, sporothrix schenickii, candida albicans, and trichophyton mentagrophytes. fungi were cultured at 37 and 27 degrees c in a chemically defined low-iron media (0.2 mic ...	1983	6221998
[desthiobiotin transformation to biotin by the fungus rhizopus delemar].	the object of this work was to study the transformation of desthiobiotin (dtb), a biotin precursor, to biotin by rhizopus delemar which can accumulate rather large quantities of biotin in the medium. both the growing and resting culture transform dtb at a high rate. biotin excretion by the resting culture rises by 100% when 25 micrograms/ml of dtb are added to the medium. the content of biotin within the cells remains unchanged. l-methionine, sodium sulfite and sodium sulfate are most effective ...	1983	6664312
ultracytochemical observations on intracytoplasmic lipids by enzymic digestive methods: histochemical trials.	the penetration of rhizopus arrhizus lipase into ethionine fatty livers was examined histochemically. a free-floating, 30 microns thick vibratome section of the livers perfused with aldehydes was shown to be suitable for ultracytochemical analysis by the lipase digestive method. accessibility of phospholipids in the outer membrane of erythrocytes to naja naja phospholipase a2 was observed under a light microscope, and intact red cells were used for the ultracytochemical analysis by the phospholi ...	1983	6827071
the comparative virulence of thermotolerant mucorales species in mice.	the comparative virulence of thermotolerant mucorales was determined for cortisone-treated and untreated swiss mice by intravenous administration of spores. the measure of virulence was based on an ld50 value, calculated after the 30-day observation period. of the known etiological agents of mucormycosis, mucor meihei, m. pusillus, rhizopus arrhizus, r. chinensis, r. cohnii, r. microsporus, r. oryzae, r. rhizopodiformis and cunninghamella elegans were able to produce fatal infections in mice; wh ...	1983	6877338
[optimization of the medium for biotin biosynthesis by a culture of rhizopus delemar].	the effect of nitrogen and carbon sources on the biotin biosynthesis by the fungal culture rhizopus delemar 1428 has been investigated. peptone and soy-bean flour have been shown to stimulate biotin synthesis. with the aid of mathematical planning methods the optimal composition of the nutrient medium and optimal concentrations of its components have been selected. the cultivation of rh. delemar 1428 on the thus developed medium leads to the accumulation of 600 micrograms/1 biotin in the culture ...	1983	6878207
fungistatic mechanism of human transferrin for rhizopus oryzae and trichophyton mentagrophytes: alternative to simple iron deprivation.	human serum, human transferrin (tf), and the iron chelator 1,10-phenanthroline (op) produce iron-reversible fungistatic activity which has been attributed to simple iron deprivation. in this study, the influence of the size of the inoculum on the inhibitory activity of serum, tf, and op prepared with the same iron-binding capacity (2.5 micrograms/ml) for rhizopus oryzae and trichophyton mentagrophytes was examined. inhibition was monitored in liquid microcultures maintained at 37 degrees c and p ...	1983	6885162
increase in the activity of rhizopus delemar lipase on water-soluble esters by its binding with phosphatidylcholine.	rhizopus (rh.) delemar (atcc 34612) c-lipase was found to exhibit a slight activity towards water-soluble esters. the hydrolytic reaction of this lipase on alpha-naphthyl acetate was competitively inhibited by the presence of olive oil or tween 80. this finding showed that both substrates, insoluble triglyceride and water-soluble ester, were hydrolyzed at the same site on the enzyme. the activities on water-soluble esters (alpha-naphthyl acetate, beta-naphthyl acetate, methyl acetylsalicylate an ...	1983	6885742
cerebral mucormycosis in diabetic mice after intrasinus challenge.	rhinocerebral involvement is the most common form of mucormycosis in uncontrolled diabetic patients. streptozotocin-induced diabetic and normal mice were challenged by intrasinus inoculation of rhizopus oryzae to determine their susceptibility to infection by this route. ninety percent of diabetic mice and no normal mice died after inoculation with 10(6) spores. intrasinus inoculations caused minimal direct trauma and low levels of brain inocula, but progressive cerebral infections were induced ...	1984	6706405
use of flow cytometry in industrial microbiology for strain improvement programs.	a flow cytometry (fcm) system was chosen to analyze and sort microbiological samples, e.g., bacteria, bacterial spores, yeasts, and fungal spores, without major changes in the commercially available state. the system was further improved by addition of a stepping motor-driven scanning table that accepts standard petri dishes or microtiter plates. the electronics of the sorting system were changed to enable the sorter to deliver only one particle at a time, working in a "handshake" mode with the ...	1984	6714026
antimicrobial effects of esters and amides of 3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylic acid.	the effect of 18 newly synthesized esters and amides of 3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylic acid on bacteria (escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus), yeasts (saccharomyces cerevisiae, candida albicans), molds (aspergillus niger, penicillium cyclopium, rhizopus oryzae) and algae (chlorella pyrenoidosa, euglena gracilis, scenedesmus obliquus) was investigated. the mic values revealed antimycotic, antialgal and antibacterial activity of the studied derivatives. the antimycotic activity was found to decrea ...	1984	6714854
specific susceptibility to mucormycosis in murine diabetes and bronchoalveolar macrophage defense against rhizopus.	to assess the influence of diabetes mellitus in predisposing to pulmonary mucormycosis, a murine model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes was used. intranasal inoculation of rhizopus oryzae into diabetic mice resulted in mucormycotic infection with histopathology resembling pulmonary mucormycosis observed in humans. there was no mortality nor infection in inoculated normal mice. diabetic mice had fatal infections caused by r. oryzae but significantly reduced mortality following inoculation with ...	1984	6736246
in vivo bronchoalveolar macrophage defense against rhizopus oryzae and aspergillus fumigatus.	the ability of bronchoalveolar macrophages from normal, diabetic, and cortisone-treated mice to inhibit spore germination and kill fungal spores in vivo was investigated. the data indicated that the normal host controls different fungal infections in the lungs by different mechanisms. prevention of mucormycosis required inhibition of fungal spore germination by alveolar macrophages. in contrast, pulmonary defense against aspergillosis depended on early killing of conidia by alveolar macrophages ...	1984	6387001
utilization of diacylglycerol in phospholipid bilayers by pig brain diacylglycerol kinase and rhizopus arrhizus lipase.	diacylglycerol kinase purified from pig brain cytosol could use sonication-dispersed diacylglycerol in the presence of its activator, phosphatidylcholine vesicles. however, the kinase failed to significantly use diacylglycerol cosonicated with phosphatidylcholine. similarly, the kinase could not use diacylglycerol generated in microsomes by the back reaction of diacylglycerol choline phosphotransferase, though phospholipase c treatment of microsomes yielded effective substrate for the kinase. in ...	1984	6088535
inhibition of pancreatic and microbial lipases by proteins.	we have compared the effect of several proteins, including melittin, beta-lactoglobulin a, serum albumin, ovalbumin and myoglobin, on the hydrolysis of tributyrin and triolein by lipases from various origins. all proteins tested inactivate pancreatic lipase in absence of colipase and bile salt. inhibition is not significantly reversed by colipase in absence of bile salt except in systems containing tributyrin and melittin or triolein and beta-lactoglobulin a. in all other cases, activation of pa ...	1984	6477949
[growth and biotin synthesis of sporobolomyces pararoseus and rhizopus delemar under different substrate ratios].	biotin synthesis by the yeast sporobolomyces pararoseus and the microscopic fungus rhizopus delemar was studied in batch cultures at different substrate ratios in the medium. the overall (exocellular + endocellular) biotin content in the yeast was 4.5-6.0 micrograms per 1 g of biomass on different media and did not depend on the growth phase. the content of biotin in the fungus was 7.5-9.0 micrograms per 1 g of biomass and depended neither on the growth phase nor on the quantitative ratio betwee ...	1984	6541287
uptake of metal ions by rhizopus arrhizus biomass.	rhizopus arrhizus biomass was found to absorb a variety of different metal cations and anions but did not absorb alkali metal ions. the amount of uptake of the cations was directly related to ionic radii of la, mn, cu, zn, cd, ba, hg, pb, uo(2), and ag. the uptake of all the cations is consistent with absorption of the metals by sites in the biomass containing phosphate, carboxylate, and other functional groups. the uptake of the molybdate and vanadate anions was strongly ph dependent, and it is ...	1984	16346521
ion exchange/complexation of the uranyl ion by rhizopus biosorbent.	nonliving biomass of nine rhizopus species effectively sequestered the uranyl ion from solution, taking up 150-250 mg u/g dry cells at 300 ppm u equilibrium concentration in solution, and 100-160 mg u/g dry cells with 100 ppm u in solution. the affinity of this biosorbent for the uranyl ion was found to be affected by timing of harvesting and medium composition. uptake of the uranyl ion by nonliving biomass of rhizopus oligosporus was due to ion exchange or complexation, since binding was revers ...	1984	18551656
improved rate of fumaric acid production by tweens and vegetable oils in rhizopus arrhizus.		1985	18553780
pressate from peat dewatering as a substrate for bacterial growth.	this study considered the possibility of using water expressed during the drying of fuel-grade peat as a substrate for microbial growth. highly humified peat pressed for 2.5 min at 1.96 mpa produced water with a chemical oxygen demand of 690 mg/liter. several biological compounds could be produced by using the organic matter in expressed peat water as a substrate. these included polymers such as chitosan, contained in the cell wall of rhizopus arrhizus, and two extracellular polysaccharides, xan ...	1985	16346834
monitoring of filamentous fungal growth by in situ microspectrophotometry, fragmented mycelium absorbance density, and 14c incorporation: alternatives to mycelial dry weight.	monitoring of filamentous fungal growth by spectrophotometry is generally considered not feasible. this report describes the monitoring of growth of the filamentous fungi trichophyton mentagrophytes, rhizopus oryzae, and sporothrix schenckii in broth by two new spectrophotometric methods and by 14c incorporation from [u-14c]glucose. microcultures (200 microliter) were prepared in 96-well, flat-bottom microtiter trays, and macrocultures (4 ml) were prepared in glass vials proportionally scaled up ...	1985	3883895
subcutaneous mucormycosis caused by rhizopus oryzae probable nosocomial acquired infection.		1985	3938565
the sub-cellular localisation and regulatory properties of pyruvate carboxylase from rhizopus arrhizus.	cell-free extracts of rhizopus arrhizus contain exclusively cytosolic pyruvate carboxylase and nad-glutamate dehydrogenase, a single mitochondrial isoenzyme of nadp-isocitrate dehydrogenase, and both mitochondrial and cytosolic isoenzymes of nadp-malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating). other enzymes examined have sub-cellular localisations similar to those characteristic of mammalian liver. purified preparations of r. arrhizus pyruvate carboxylase are subject to partial regulatory inhibition by ...	1985	3971971
inhibition of lipases by proteins. a kinetic study with dicaprin monolayers.	we report further investigations on protein inhibition of pancreatic and microbial lipases carried out with the monolayer technique. when beta-lactoglobulin a, melittin, serum albumin, myoglobin, and a protein inhibiting lipase from soybean were preincubated with a dicaprin film at a surface pressure of 35 dynes/cm, no activity was detected with horse pancreatic or rhizopus delemar lipases. by contrast, rhizopus arrhizus and geotrichum candidum lipase activities were not impaired under the same ...	1985	4038705
neutrophil chemotactic responses induced by fresh and swollen rhizopus oryzae spores and aspergillus fumigatus conidia.	with the induction of germination, rhizopus oryzae spores and aspergillus fumigatus conidia activate the complement system and induce neutrophil chemotaxis. in contrast, freshly isolated r. oryzae spores did not induce neutrophil migration into lung tissue of mice after intranasal inoculation. moreover, in microchemotaxis assays neither fresh r. oryzae spores nor a. fumigatus conidia activated sera to stimulate human neutrophil chemotaxis above control migration until at least 10(7) or 10(8) spo ...	1985	3157647
disseminated zygomycosis associated with erythroleukaemia: confirmation by lectin stains.	zygomycosis is not often diagnosed in the united kingdom, and so the possible importance of the findings in a patient with disseminated zygomycosis who had been treated with chemotherapy for erythroleukaemia was not appreciated until histological examination of specimens obtained at necropsy provided a presumptive diagnosis. no attempt had therefore been made to identify the organism by culture, and lectin binding methods were used to try to compensate for this. the characteristics of the hyphae ...	1985	2413080
a rapid colorimetric assay of fungal viability with the tetrazolium salt mtt.	a rapid colorimetric assay for viability of fungi that uses the tetrazolium salt mtt is described. all live species of a wide range of medically important fungi that were tested reduced mtt, with resultant intracellular formation within several hours of clearly visible purple crystals of mtt-formazan. the assay proved particularly useful in measuring viability of individual hyphae; greater than 99% of live aspergillus fumigatus and rhizopus oryzae hyphae stained purple when incubated with mtt co ...	1985	2413145
mucormycosis in diabetic ketoacidosis. role of unbound iron binding capacity of transferrin.	increased susceptibility to rhizopus oryzae in diabetes was investigated using mice in which diabetic ketoacidosis was experimentally induced. all of the diabetic mice which had developed ketoacidosis died within four days after inoculation of r. oryzae and their serum uibcs (unbound iron binding capacity) were significantly lower than those of the normal control mice. this study suggested that the decreased serum uibc produced by diabetic ketoacidosis enhances the growth of r. oryzae in vivo.	1986	3099540
effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on the chemical composition of lipids of rhizopus delemar.	soy bean extract with glucose or oleic acid in the growth medium of rhizopus delemar affected the production of higher values of biomass, total lipids and total glycerides than when ammonium nitrate was used as a source of nitrogen. the highest amounts of biomass (12.35 g/l) and total lipids (310 mg/g dry biomass) were attained in glucose-grown mycelia. the high proportions of total glycerides and unsaturated fatty acids in lipids of rhizopus delemar suggest the utilization of such lipid materia ...	1986	3825190
enzymic degradation of the mycobacterial o-methyl-d-glucose polysaccharide by a rhizopus-mold alpha amylase, an enzyme active on 6-o-methyl-amylo-oligosaccharides.	an enzyme activity that catalyzes hydrolysis of an alpha-(1----4)-linked 6-o-methyl-d-glucan was detected in, and purified from, rhizopus oryzae mold. the enzyme acts like an alpha amylase and digests unmodified amylo-oligosaccharides 10 to 15 times as fast as it does the 6-o-methyl and 6-deoxy derivatives. when the limit product obtained by digesting the mycobacterial o-methyl-d-glucose polysaccharide with pancreatic alpha amylase and aspergillus glucoamylase was further digested with the rhizo ...	1986	3486714
in vitro killing of spores and hyphae of aspergillus fumigatus and rhizopus oryzae by rabbit neutrophil cationic peptides and bronchoalveolar macrophages.	the fungicidal activity of six rabbit neutrophil cationic peptides (np) against resting (dormant) spores, preincubated (swollen) spores, and hyphae of aspergillus fumigatus and rhizopus oryzae was examined. whereas resting spores of both fungi were totally resistant to killing by up to 500 micrograms of np/ml, preincubated spores and hyphae were sensitive, under optimal conditions, to less than 1 microgram /ml. np-1 and np-2, also found in rabbit bronchoalveolar macrophages, were the most active ...	1986	3525696
a simple enzymatic fluorimetric method for the determination of triglycerides in 10 microliters of serum.	an assay for the determination of triglyceride (acyl glycerol) in microliter volumes of serum or plasma is described. the method is based on enzymatic hydrolysis of triglyceride by lipase from rhizopus arrhizus followed by enzymatic fluorimetric assay of the glycerol so released. under the conditions of the assay the enzymatic hydrolysis is complete for concentrations up to 5 mmol/l in less than 15 min at room temperature. the determination of free glycerol and glycerol released is based on the ...	1986	3698322
inhibition of lipases by proteins: a binding study using dicaprin monolayers.	we previously reported that the inhibition of pancreatic and rhizopus delemar lipases by proteins is due to the protein associated with lipid and is not caused by direct protein-enzyme interaction in the aqueous phase [gargouri, y., piéroni, g., rivière, c., sugihara, a., sarda, l., & verger, r. (1985) j. biol. chem. 260, 2268-2273]. in this study, using radiolabeled lipases, serum albumin, and beta-lactoglobulin a, we investigated their respective binding with respect to lipolysis of dicaprin m ...	1986	3707907
rapid accumulation of diacyl lipid in rat liver microsomes by selective acylation of 2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylserine.	2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoryl[u-14 c]serine (2-acylgps) was prepared by digesting 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoryl[u-14c]serine, mixed with pig brain phosphatidylserine (ps), with rhizopus arrhizus lipase. the labeled lysolipid was shown to be actively acylated by rat liver microsomes in the presence of acyl-coa thioesters, with the formation of diacylps. in experiments with unlabeled lysolipid and [14c]acyl-coa thioesters, digestion of the products with pancreatic phospholipase a2 showed t ...	1986	3707975
fluorometric procedures for measuring triglyceride concentrations in small amounts of tissue and plasma.	it has been previously shown that triglycerides can be specifically hydrolyzed by lipase from rhizopus arrhizus in the presence of hog liver esterase and sodium dodecyl sulfate. the glycerol produced can then be measured by sequential reactions with glycerokinase, pyruvate kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase: glycerol and atp are converted to glycerol-3-phosphate and adp by glycerokinase; the adp reacts with phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate kinase to yield pyruvate; the pyruvate is converted to la ...	1986	3723017
pulmonary mucormycosis presenting with horner's syndrome. report of a medical cure.	a patient with pulmonary mucormycosis caused by rhizopus oryzae was treated with a total dose of intravenous amphotericin b 2060 mg which resulted in medical cure. this is the first reported medical cure in the rsa of pulmonary mucormycosis. mucormycosis with brachial plexus involvement and horner's syndrome has not been previously reported.	1986	3750145
hospital-acquired gangrenous mucormycosis.	a post-operative diabetic patient who had been treated for serratia marcescens bacterial sepsis developed recurrent thrombosis of the left femoral artery following intra-arterial instrumentation. pathological examination of arterial thrombus ultimately demonstrated invasive mucormycosis of the femoral artery and cultures of this material grew rhizopus oryzae. the occurrence of cutaneous and subcutaneous mucormycosis is reviewed, as well as recently recognized nosocomial risk factors for mucormyc ...	1986	3765666
biochemical aspects of fumaric acid accumulation by rhizopus arrhizus.	the accumulation and excretion of fumaric acid, and to a lesser extent malic and succinic acids, by rhizopus arrhizus occurs under aerobic conditions in a high-glucose medium containing a limiting amount of nitrogen and a neutralizing agent (caco(3)). an overall four-carbon dicarboxylic acid molar yield of up to 145% (moles of acid produced per mole of glucose utilized) is obtained after incubation for 4 to 5 days. evidence is presented that fumarate is synthesized from pyruvate via a carboxylat ...	1986	16347099
immobilization of enzyme onto poly(ethylene-vinyl alcohol) membrane.	invertase was ionically bound to the poly(ethylene-vinyl alcohol) membrane surface modified with two aminoacetals with different molecular length, 2-dimethyl-aminoacetoaldehyde dimethylacetal (aaa) and 3-(n, n-dimethylamino-n-propanediamine) propionaldehyde dimethylacetal (apa). immobilization conditions were determined with respect to enzyme concentration in solution, ph value, ionic strength in immobilization solution, and immobilization time. various properties of immobilized invertase were e ...	1986	18555315
a process for protein enrichment of cassava by solid substrate fermentation in rural conditions.	an artisanal static process for protein enrichment of cassava by solid-state fermentation, developed in laboratory and tested on pilot units in burundi (central africa), provides enriched cassava containing 10.7% of dry matter protein versus 1% before fermentation. cassava chips, processed into granules of 2-4-mm diameter, are moistened (40% water content) and steamed. after cooling to 40 degrees c, cassava is mixed with a nutritive solution containing the inoculum (rhizopus oryzae, strain mucl ...	1987	18576545
enzymic interesterification of fats: laboratory and pilot-scale studies with immobilized lipase from rhizopus arrhizus.	an immobilized lipase suitable for fat interesterification has been prepared by precipitation with acetone of a commercial lipase from rhizopus arrhizus onto diatomaceous earth. as observed previously with a less active enzyme from aspergillus sp., the interesterification activity was enhanced by addition of purified lipase or by high loadings of commercial enzyme. the interesterification activities reached maximum values in both cases. for immobilized preparations with purified enzyme, interest ...	1987	18576561
influence of anions on metal adsorption by rhizopus arrhizus biomass.	the presence of anions in solution was found to inhibit the uptake of la3+, cd2+, pb2+, uo(2)(2+), and ag+ by rhizopus arrhizus biomass. the effects ranged from total inhibition of cd2+ and pb2+ uptake at equimolar concentrations of edta to no change in uptake of la3+ or uo(2)(2+)at 12-fold molar excesses of ci- or co(3)(2-). no anion was found to enhance metal uptake levels, and the degree of inhibition generally followed the series: edta >or= >or= so(4)(2)- c1- >or= po(4)(3)- >or= glutamate >o ...	1987	18581524
modification of serum, pancreatic, and microbial lipase activities by phorbol diesters.	the influence of phorbol diesters on the in vitro hydrolysis of diacylglycerols was examined using enzymes from rat serum, porcine pancreas, and rhizopus delemar. two main phenomena were observed: 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa), when added to the enzyme assay system, stimulated 2- to 3-fold the hydrolysis of [9,10-3h]dioleoylglycerol by serum lipase. the hydrolysis of dioleoylglycerol by either pancreatic or r. delemar lipase was, on the other hand, inhibited by tpa. a 50% inhibition ...	1987	3791200
electrophoretic and immunoblot analyses of rhizopus arrhizus antigens.	four antigen preparations from rhizopus arrhizus were made and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and column chromatography. electrophoretic analyses of these antigens indicated that there are 18 to 28 component bands with a molecular mass range of approximately 10,500 to 83,000 daltons. seven of these bands appear to be components common to three antigen preparations. several of the bands identified by sds-page were composed of glycoproteins or carb ...	1987	3546367
an improved method for the colorimetric assay of lipase activity using an optically clear medium.	lipase activity can be spectrophometrically measured in an optically clear medium using long chain fatty thioesters of 1-mercapto-2,3-propanediol or 2-mercaptoethanol as substrates. with hexamethylphosphoric triamide solutions of these thiosubstrates, the michaëlis-menten constants of lipase from rhizopus arrhizus were determined. the effects of calcium chloride and of bovine serum albumin on the enzyme activity were established.	1987	3626781
an enzymatic colorimetric assay of calcium-dependent phospholipases a.	in this paper we describe a new method for the assay of calcium-dependent phospholipases a. in this method released fatty acids are quantitated by an enzymatic colorimetric reagent kit which is commercially available. we have tested the applicability of this assay with enzymes from porcine pancreas (phospholipase a2), snake venom (phospholipase a2), and rhizopus arrhizus (a lipase with phospholipase a1-like activity) as well as with a phospholipase a2 activity of bovine seminal vesicle fluid. we ...	1987	3674375
proteolysis of von willebrand factor by lipase preparations from rhizopus arrhizus.		1987	3498236
acyl-acyl-carrier protein: lysomonogalactosyldiacylglycerol acyltransferase from the cyanobacterium anabaena variabilis.	membranes isolated from the cyanobacterium, anabaena variabilis, and washed free of soluble endogenous constituents, were capable of catalyzing the direct transfer of the acyl group from acyl-acyl-carrier protein to an endogenous lysomonogalactosyldiacylglycerol to form monogalactosyldiacylglycerol. other glycolipids including monoglucosyldiacylglycerol and digalactosyldiacylglycerol were not products of this reaction. the transfer was not dependent on any added cofactors. palmitoyl-, stearoyl- ...	1988	3143419
[inhibition of aflatoxin b1-induced hepatocarcinogenesis by rhizopus delemar].		1988	3150299
rhinocerebral zygomycosis caused by saksenaea vasiformis.	a fatal rhinocerebral zygomycotic infection caused by saksenaea vasiformis in a 71-year-old man was diagnosed based on the presence of broad, infrequently septate, branched, hyaline hyphae in tissue obtained from the right and left base of the skull, soft tissue, both maxillary sinuses and the sphenoid sinus; isolation of s. vasiformis from the tissue; and demonstration of mucoraceous antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. fluorescent antibody studies carried out with a rhizopus arrhiz ...	1988	3063803
mode of action of tetrahydrolipstatin: a derivative of the naturally occurring lipase inhibitor lipstatin.	tetrahydrolipstatin is a specific lipase inhibitor derived from lipstatin, a lipid produced by streptomyces toxytricini. in addition to pancreatic lipase, it is shown in the present study that tetrahydrolipstatin also inhibits human gastric lipase, carboxyl ester lipase (cholesterol esterase) of pancreatic origin and the closely related bile-salt-stimulated lipase of human milk. it does not inhibit the exocellular lipase from rhizopus arrhizus or a lipase recently isolated from staphylococcus au ...	1988	3167082
rhizopus arrhizus in italy as the causative agent of primary cerebral zygomycosis in a drug addict.	a rare case of primary cerebral zygomycosis in an italian drug addict is described. the diagnosis was based on the histologic detection of broad, aseptate, hyaline mycelium in fluid aspirated from a brain mass detected by computerized axial tomography. the zygomycete isolated from the clinical specimen was identified as rhizopus arrhizus var arrhizus. the patient had no known predisposing condition that would have suppressed his immunological defenses. once the diagnosis was established, treatme ...	1988	3181379
[comparison of fungal lipase and pancreatic lipase in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in man. study of their in vitro properties and intraduodenal bioavailability].	assuming that acidic degradation of lipase was the major cause of failure for the correction of steatorrhea by pancreatic extracts, we compared the in vitro and in vivo activities of a fungal lipase (fl) (rhizopus arrhizus) with classical porcine pancreatic extract (eurobiol). the choice of fl was determined by its two optimum ph (3.5 and 7.4). five factors known to modify lipase activity were tested: ph, biliary acids colipase, trypsin and albumin. bioavailability was measured by using a double ...	1988	3220231
semisynthetic preparation of 1-o-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine (platelet activating factor).	1-o-hexadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine (platelet activating factor, paf), (1.9 mumol) was prepared from the total lipid extract of the protozoan tetrahymena pyriformis 9 x 10(7) cells. the procedure involved mild alkaline hydrolysis of the total lipids, followed by acetylation and purification of the product by preparative tlc and hplc. the yield was 60% with respect to the content of 1-o-alkyl-2-acyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine in the total lipids, determined after preparati ...	1988	3245264
interaction of rhizopus delemar lipase with 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane and structurally related pesticides: importance of 1:1 pesticide-lipase complexes.		1988	3378289
biosynthesis of paf-acether factor-acether by human skin fibroblasts in vitro.	the synthesis and release of paf-acether by fibroblasts from normal human skin was investigated in vitro. when fibroblasts in suspension (1 x 10(6) cells) were stimulated with 2 microm ca1+ ionophore a23187 (io), they synthesized a material that aggregated aspirin-treated washed rabbit platelets and was identified as paf because 1) the platelet aggregation it induced was inhibited by bn 52021, an antagonist of paf putative receptors; 2) the factor was inactivated by phospholipase a2 but was inse ...	1988	3397536
aflatoxins and fungal flora in lentil (lens esculenta l.).	fungal flora of 20 samples of lentil seeds collected from assiut governorate, egypt, were studied. seventeen genera and 13 species were isolated on glucose- (15 genera and 27 species), cellulose- (15 genera and 25 species)- czapek's agar media at 28 degrees c. the most common species were as follows: on glucose-czapek's agar, aspergillus fumigatus, a. niger, a. flavus, a. terreus, penicillium notatum and rhizopus oryzae and on cellulose agar, a. fumigatus, a. niger, a. flavus and p. notatum. thi ...	1988	3419482
the effects of cation competition on metal adsorption by rhizopus arrhizus biomass.		1988	18584604
a batch reactor mass transfer kinetic model for immobilized biomass biosorption.	inactive cells of rhizopus arrhizus have been immobilized into the form of particles of desirable particle size using a proprietary immobilization technique. the immobilized biomass particles are porous and are members of a new generation of biological origin adsorbents. the uranium adsorptive behavior of the biosorbent particles was modeled using a batch reactor mass transfer kinetic model of the biosorption process. the model successfully predicts the batch reactor adsorbate (uranium) concentr ...	1988	18587753
development of oat prothylakoids into thylakoids during greening does not change transmembrane galactolipid asymmetry but preserves the thylakoid bilayer.	the lipase from rhizopus arrhizus and the lipolytic acyl hydrolase from potato tubers have been used to determine the transmembrane distribution of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (mgdg) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (dgdg) in prothylakoids and thylakoids from oat (avena sativa). both galactolipids were found to be asymmetrically distributed. the molar outside/inside distribution was 70 +/- 8/30 +/- 8 for mgdg and 10 +/- 4/90 +/- 4 for dgdg in the prothylakoid membrane. mature thylakoids presented ...	1988	16666318
effect of nutrition on pellet formation by rhizopus arrhizus.		1989	18587999
differences in active site structure in a family of beta-glucan endohydrolases deduced from the kinetics of inactivation by epoxyalkyl beta-oligoglucosides.	the active sites of a spectrum of beta-glucan endohydrolases with distinct, but related substrate specificities have been probed using a series of epoxyalkyl beta-glycosides of glucose, cellobiose, cellotriose, laminaribiose, laminaritriose, 3o-beta-d-glucosyl-cellobiose and 4o-beta-d-glucosyl-laminaribiose with different aglycon chain lengths. the inactivation of each of the endohydrolases by these compounds results from active site-directed inhibitor action, as indicated by the dependence of t ...	1989	2494179
a study on the inhibition of aflatoxin b1 induced hepatocarcinogenesis by the rhizopus delemar.	the effect of rhizopus delemar on the carcinogenicity in rats of aflatoxin b1 was studied. the aflatoxin b1 was administered in free drinks to each male wistar rat at 126 micrograms per week such that a total dose of 3.40 mg was given over a period of 27 weeks. the culture abstract of rhizopus delemar was added simultaneously to a group of these rats by mixing the aflatoxin b1 solution. animals were killed separately during 18th, 30th, 38th and 52nd week. liver cell altered foci and neoplasms we ...	1989	2518699
treatment of experimental zygomycosis in guinea pigs with azoles and with amphotericin b.	nonpredisposed albino guinea pigs were infected intravenously with rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis or with rhizopus oryzae. both strains were highly pathogenic. they killed all control animals between days 4 and 7 and between days 5 and 9 after infection, respectively. all animals presented invasion of almost all internal organs and skin eruptions developing into ulcers. oral treatment with ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole or saperconazole was inefficacious. parenteral treatment ...	1989	2548818
effects of deferoxamine, feroxamine and iron on experimental mucormycosis (zygomycosis).	mucormycosis was induced in healthy guinea pigs by the i.v. injection of spores from rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis or from rhizopus oryzae, leading to a reproducible mortality. pretreatment with one dose of 50 mg of deferoxamine (dfo) shortened animal survival from 4.2 +/- 0.4 to 3.3 +/- 0.5 days for rh. rhizopodiformis and from 8.8 +/- 0.4 to 7.3 +/- 1.9 days for rh. oryzae (p less than 0.05). survival was shortened even more after 4 doses of dfo (p = 0.0013 for rh. rhizopodiformis ...	1989	2601256
changes in nutritional value of guava fruits infected by major post-harvest pathogens.	post-infection changes in ascorbic acid, sugars, proteins and phenols were studied in guava fruits infected by major post-harvest pathogens which in order of importance were colletotrichum gloeosporioides, (penz.), botryodiplodia theobromae, pat., rhizopus arrhizus fischer., phomopsis psidii nag raj and ponnappa apud ponnappa and nag raj, and pestalotiopsis versicolor (speg.) steyaert. contents of ascorbic acid, sugars and proteins declined in the fruits infected by botryodiplodia theobromae, co ...	1989	2631087
indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for zygomycosis.	a 2-h indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using homogenate antigens of rhizopus arrhizus and rhizomucor pusillus was developed and compared with the existing immunodiffusion (id) test for zygomycosis, using homogenate antigens of r. arrhizus. utilizing 1:400 as a minimally positive elisa titer, 33 of 43 proven cases of zygomycosis were diagnosed. the sensitivity of the elisa was 81%. the id test, in contrast, detected only 21 cases and demonstrated a sensitivity of 66%. the specif ...	1989	2674194
on the biological occurrence and regulation of 1-acyl and 1-o-alkyl-diradylglycerols in human neutrophils. selective destruction of diacyl species using rhizopus lipase.	the occurrence and regulation of 1-ether-linked diradylglycerol in human neutrophils were investigated using a sensitive and practical analytical mass method which distinguishes 1-o-alkyl- (eag) versus 1-acyl (dag) diglycerides. after phosphorylation of diglycerides to the corresponding [32p]phosphatidic acids using [gamma-32p]atp and diglyceride kinase (preiss, j., loomis, c. r., bishop, w. r., stein, r., niedel, j. e., and bell, r. m. (1986) j. biol. chem. 261, 8597-8600), lipase from rhizopus ...	1989	2753896
pyrenemethyl laurate, a new fluorescent substrate for continuous kinetic determination of lipase activity.	a fluorescent acyl derivative of pyrenemethanol, pyrenemethyl laurate, was synthesized and used for the determination of several lipases by a continuous kinetic assay. the influence of the physical parameters of the substrate (pyrenemethyl laurate) and its hydrolysis product (pyrenemethanol), on the fluorescence emission was studied. the hydrolysis of pyrenemethyl laurate could be monitored directly in a spectrofluorometer because of the very high monomeric emission of pyrenemethanol at about 37 ...	1989	2804074
cross-reactivity among antigens of different air-borne fungi detected by elisa using five monoclonal antibodies against penicillium notatum.	cross-reactivity among antigens of 12 genera of air-borne fungi, 13 species of penicillium, and 5 species of aspergillus was studied by elisa using five monoclonal antibodies (moabs) against penicillium notatum. epitopes recognized by all the five moabs were susceptible to treatment of mild periodate oxidation and may therefore be associated with carbohydrates. furthermore, our results showed that there is cross-reactivity among antigens of penicillium, aspergillus, and eurotium species. by usin ...	1990	2178052
production of paf-acether by human epidermal cells.	the production of the inflammatory mediator paf-acether (paf) from human epidermal cells was investigated in vitro. human epidermal cells, freshly isolated from normal skin or in culture, were incubated in tyrode's buffer containing 0.25% lipid-free bovine serum albumin in the presence of 2 microm calcium ionophore a23187, at 37 degrees c, for 1 to 60 min. paf production slightly began at the first min of stimulation, was significant after 10 min, reached a maximum at 20 min (251 +/- 25 pg/l x 1 ...	1990	2230220
acid triacyglycerol lipase inhibitor in chicken plasma: purification and properties.	1. acid triacylglycerol lipase inhibitor was highly purified from chicken plasma by ammonium sulfate fractionation (0.6-1 saturation) followed by successive chromatographies on hydroxyapatite, blue-cellulofine, phenyl-sepharose and cellulofine gcl-2000 columns, and isoelectric focusing. 2. the lipase inhibitor showed its inhibitory action on triacylglycerol lipases in chicken erythrocytes ghosts and in chicken liver lysosome, but did not on pancreatic lipase, rhizopus arrhizus lipase, or wheat g ...	1990	2279620
mucor cerebral abscess associated with intravenous drug abuse.	we report on a case of a 26-year-old intravenous narcotic abuser with a primary cerebral mucormycotic abscess caused by rhizopus oryzae. he was treated with a combination of intravenous and intraventricular amphotericin b and surgical drainage with a successful outcome. there was no evidence that his infection was acquired by the rhinocerebral route, it seems likely that he injected himself with a contaminated batch of narcotic or amphetamine. mucormycosis presenting in this way has been describ ...	1990	2322206
cutaneous zygomycosis in a diabetic htlv-i-seropositive man.	zygomycosis, an invasive fungal infection, is usually seen in persons with diabetes, particularly in those with diabetic ketoacidosis. the infection most frequently occurs in the rhinocerebral region and rapidly spreads, causing a swift demise. rarely, the infection is confined to the cutaneous tissues. we describe a 31-year-old man seropositive for human t lymphotropic virus type i who had diabetic ketoacidosis with zygomycosis confined to the right arm. the lesion was presumed initially to be ...	1990	2335589
purification of plasmalogens using rhizopus delemar lipase and naja naja naja phospholipase a2.	bovine heart chogpl (choline glycerophospholipid) and bovine brain etngpl (ethanolamine glycerophospholipid) contain diacyl, alkenylacyl and alkylacyl analogs. purification of plasmalogens was achieved using r. delemar lipase and n. naja naja phospholipase a2 digestion. the r. delemar lipase hydrolyzes the acyl bond at the 1-position of 1,2-diacyl glycerophospholipids. the n. naja naja phospholipase a2 has greater activity with diacyl and alkylacyl than with alkenylacyl glycerophospholipids. the ...	1990	2366631
an investigation of engineering parameters for the use of immobilized biomass particles in biosorption.	immobilized, inactive mycelia of rhizopus arrhizus are preferential to native biomass for use in the biosorption of metal ions. refinement of a proprietary immobilization technique previously developed at mcmaster university enabled production of particles of immobilized rhizopus arrhizus biomass having a 12-23% wt of polymer additive. the effects of production stage parameters on the intrinsic uptake capacity of the immobilized biomass were examined. kinetic experiments showed the following tre ...	1990	1366407
biosorption of radionuclides by fungal biomass.	four kinds of bioreactor were evaluated for thorium removal by fungal biomass. static-bed or stirred-bed bioreactors did not give satisfactory thorium removal probably because of poor mixing. an air-lift bioreactor removed approximately 90-95% of the thorium supplied over extended time periods and exhibited a well-defined breakthrough point after biosorbent saturation. the air-lift bioreactor promoted efficient circulation and effective contact between the thorium solution and the mycelial pelle ...	1990	1366965
esterification reactions of lipase in reverse micelles.	the activities of lipase from candida cylindracea and rhizopus delemar have been investigated in water/aot/iso-octane reverse micellar media through the use of two esterification reactions: fatty acid-alcohol esterification and glyceride synthesis. such media promotes the occurrence of these two lipase-catalyzed reactions due to its low water content. the effect of various parameters on the activity of lipase from c. cylindracea in reverse micelles was determined and compared to results where al ...	1990	18592580
bioconversion of aflatoxin g1 to aflatoxin b 3 by selected fungi.	aflatoxin g1 (afg1) was transformed into aflatoxin b3 (afb3) by the fungirhodotorula sp,sporobolomyces sp,rhizopus oryzae nrrl395,pythium ultimum, aspergillus terreus, a clavatus and penicillium frequentans grown in a medium containing afg1, difco potato dextrose broth, yeast extract, and peptone both in liquid shaken cultures and in solid static cultures at 25°c in the dark. a maximum rate of transformation of 10 % was obtained after 2 to 3 weeks of incubation. the transformation was correlated ...	1990	23605445
activities of candida rugosa lipase and other esterolytic enzymes coated on glass beads and suspended in substrate and water vapor: enzymes in thin liquid films.	candida rugosa lipase was enzymatically active when coated on glass beads and exposed to mixtures of substrate and water vapor over a range of relative humidities up to 100%. evidence was obtained for operation of the enzyme in a thin liquid film of concentrated buffer on the surface of the glass beads. formation of the thin film was associated with hygroscopicity of the buffer used to suspend the enzyme in preparation of the enzyme-coated beads. at some buffer concentrations estimated to be on ...	1991	1367174
the glucoamylase cdna from aspergillus oryzae: its cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression in saccharomyces cerevisiae.	a cdna for aspergillus oryzae glucoamylase was cloned, using oligodeoxyribonucleotide probes derived from amino sequences of peptide fragments of the enzyme. the glucoamylase cdna, when introduced into saccharomyces cerevisiae, directed the secretion of active glucoamylase into the culture medium. the complete nucleotide sequence of the cdna contained an open reading frame encoding 612 amino acid residues. comparative studies with other fungal glucoamylases showed homologies of 67% with a. niger ...	1991	1368680
preparation, characterization, and antiviral activity of microbial metabolites of stemodin.	screening studies for microbial transformation products of stemodin [2] have identified a number of microbial metabolites. scale-up fermentation with rhizopus arrhizus atcc 11145 and streptomyces sp. nrrl 5691 have resulted in the production of five metabolites that have been characterized with the use of 2d nmr and x-ray techniques. these metabolites have been identified as 18-hydroxystemodin [6], 16,18-dihydroxystemodin [7], 8 beta-hydroxystemodin [8], 8 beta, 18-dihydroxystemodin [9], and 7 b ...	1991	1667410
selection of rhizopus strains for l(+)-lactic acid and gamma-linolenic acid production.	the production of l(+)-lactic acid and formation of gamma-linolenic acid by 50 rhizopus strains growing on saccharidic substrates were investigated. formation of acids was observed on solid cultivation media but mainly during submerged fermentation. strains with the highest selectivity of both l(+)-lactic acid production and gamma-linolenic acid formation were tested in a laboratory fermenter. the best producer was treated by uv irradiation to increase the fatty acid content in the biomass, espe ...	1991	1668279
cloning, expression and characterization of a cdna encoding a lipase from rhizopus delemar.	a lambda gt11 cdna library was constructed in escherichia coli using poly(a)-selected mrna from the fungus, rhizopus (rp.) delemar. lipase-producing members of the library were identified by means of a phenotypic score wherein the release of fatty acids by lipase causes a characteristic color change in the growth medium. one such isolate contained a 1287-bp insert (lip cdna) which hybridizes to 1.25- to 1.35-kb mrna species from rp. delemar. the lipase produced in e. coli containing the lip cdna ...	1991	1756969
extracellular proteolysis by mucoraceae in serum-albumin agar tested by the agar block method.	in a preliminary study, three strains of absidia corymbifera (two strains from autopsy material of the lungs and one from the soil of a potted indoor plant in a hospital) and one strain of rhizopus oryzae (from the soil of a potted plant in a hospital) were tested for secretory proteolytic activity in serum-albumin agar (saa) with initial ph values of 5.0 and 7.0 by the agar block method and subsequent protein staining. within an incubation period of 5 d/37 degrees c, complete proteolysis took p ...	1991	1795718
studies on glycolipids. iii. glyceroglycolipids from an axenically cultured cyanobacterium, phormidium tenue.	seven new monogalactosyl diacylglycerols (1-7) and six new digalactosyl diacylglycerols (11-16) were isolated from an axenically cultured cyanobacterium, p. tenue. their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical evidence and the results of enzymatic hydrolysis using a lipase (from rhizopus arrhizus). comparison of antialgal activity for p. tenue between monogalactosyl diacylglycerols (1-8) and digalactosyl diacylglycerols (11-19) revealed that the former showed more potent activ ...	1991	1804541