Publications

on the ground in western africa: from the outbreak to the elapse of ebola.		0	27502186
a role for science in responding to health crises.	the department of homeland security's (dhs) science and technology (s&t) directorate plays a role in public health that extends beyond biodefense. these responsibilities were exercised as part of the 2014-16 ebola outbreak, leading to productive and beneficial contributions to the international public health response and improved operations in the united states. however, we and others have identified numerous areas for improvement. based on our successes and lessons learned, we propose a number ...	0	27482881
public health round-up.		0	27516631
drug and device news.	approvals, new indications, regulatory activities, and more.	0	27504062
the epidemiology and transmissibility of zika virus in girardot and san andres island, colombia, september 2015 to january 2016.	transmission of zika virus (zikv) was first detected in colombia in september 2015. as of april 2016, colombia had reported over 65,000 cases of zika virus disease (zvd). we analysed daily surveillance data of zvd cases reported to the health authorities of san andres and girardot, colombia, between september 2015 and january 2016. zvd was laboratory-confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) in the serum of acute cases within five days of symptom onset. we use daily i ...	0	27452806
news feature: crucial role of belowground biodiversity.		0	27407141
clean energy benefits the climate, the economy and our health.	jeffrey d sachs tells fiona fleck why investing in renewable energy is good for our health, but why poor countries need more time to make the switch.	0	27429487
time to abandon the hygiene hypothesis: new perspectives on allergic disease, the human microbiome, infectious disease prevention and the role of targeted hygiene.	to review the burden of allergic and infectious diseases and the evidence for a link to microbial exposure, the human microbiome and immune system, and to assess whether we could develop lifestyles which reconnect us with exposures which could reduce the risk of allergic disease while also protecting against infectious disease.	0	27354505
larvicidal efficacies of plants from midwestern brazil: melianodiol from guarea kunthiana as a potential biopesticide against aedes aegypti.	a total of 36 ethanol extracts from different anatomical parts of 27 plant species (18 families), native to the pantanal and cerrado biomes in midwest brazil, was assessed for their effect against aedes aegypti larvae, the vector of dengue, hemorrhagic dengue, zika and chikungunya fevers. only the extract obtained from seeds of guarea kunthiana (meliaceae) proved active (lc50 = 169.93 μg/ml). a bioassay-guided investigation of this extract led to the isolation and identification of melianodiol, ...	0	27333366
the emerging battlefront: infectious diseases.		0	27688273
early identification of motor delay: family-centred screening tool.	to describe the harris infant neuromotor test (hint), an infant neuromotor test using canadian norms published in 2010 that could be used to screen for motor delay during the first year of life.	0	27521388
epidemiology of severe infections in latin american intensive care units.		0	27737431
zika - global concern.		0	27610070
zika is not a reason for missing the olympic games in rio de janeiro: response to the open letter of dr attaran and colleagues to dr margaret chan, director - general, who, on the zika threat to the olympic and paralympic games.	attaran and colleagues in an open letter to who expressed their concern about the upcoming olympic and paralympic games in rio de janeiro and the threat posed by the zika epidemic (attaran 2016). we agree that zika virus is of great public health concern and much remains to be known about this disease. care should be taken to reduce the risk of infection, especially to pregnant women. however, we argue that this is not sufficient reason for changing the original plans for the games, in particula ...	0	27304097
defining the syndrome associated with congenital zika virus infection.		0	27274588
maternal inflammation disrupts fetal neurodevelopment via increased placental output of serotonin to the fetal brain.	maternal inflammation during pregnancy affects placental function and is associated with increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring. the molecular mechanisms linking placental dysfunction to abnormal fetal neurodevelopment remain unclear. during typical development, serotonin (5-ht) synthesized in the placenta from maternal l-tryptophan (trp) reaches the fetal brain. there, 5-ht modulates critical neurodevelopmental processes. we investigated the effects of maternal inflamma ...	0	27251625
pediatric neurology briefs: year in review.	pediatric neurology briefs (pnb) has been published monthly since 1987 as a continuing education service designed to expedite and facilitate review of current medical literature concerning pediatric neurology.	0	28070150
public health round-up.		0	28053357
acute flaccid paralysis incidence and zika virus surveillance, pacific islands.	the emergence of zika virus has challenged outbreak surveillance systems in many at-risk, low-resource countries. as the virus has been linked with guillain-barré syndrome, routine data on the incidence of acute flaccid paralysis (afp) may provide a useful early warning system for the emergence of zika virus.	0	28053366
from global health security to global health solidarity, security and sustainability.		0	27994276
editorial brain malformation surveillance in the zika era.	the current surveillance systems for congenital microcephaly are necessary to monitor the impact of zika virus (zikv) on the developing human brain, as well as the zikv prevention efforts. however, these congenital microcephaly surveillance systems are insufficient. abnormalities of neuronal differentiation, development and migration may occur among infants with normal head circumference who have intrauterine exposure to zikv. therefore, surveillance for congenital microcephaly does not ascertai ...	0	27891785
mini-brains make big leaps for studying human neural development and disease.		0	27857624
times to key events in zika virus infection and implications for blood donation: a systematic review.	to estimate the timing of key events in the natural history of zika virus infection.	0	27821887
microcephaly in north-east brazil: a retrospective study on neonates born between 2012 and 2015.	to assess the number of children born with microcephaly in the state of paraíba, north-east brazil.	0	27821886
early growth and neurologic outcomes of infants with probable congenital zika virus syndrome.	we report the early growth and neurologic findings of 48 infants in brazil diagnosed with probable congenital zika virus syndrome and followed to age 1-8 months. most of these infants had microcephaly (86.7%) and craniofacial disproportion (95.8%). the clinical pattern included poor head growth with increasingly negative z-scores, pyramidal/extrapyramidal symptoms, and epilepsy.	0	27767931
ebola research funding: a systematic analysis, 1997-2015.	the latest outbreak of ebola in west africa overwhelmed the affected countries, with the impact on health extending far beyond ebola-related deaths that have exceeded 11 000. the need to promptly mobilise resources to control emerging infections is widely recognized. yet, data on research funding for emerging infections remains inadequately documented.	0	27909582
rio 2016.		0	27789870
american association of colleges of pharmacy 2016 council of faculties business meeting, anaheim, july 25, 2016.		0	27899843
solute carrier ntcp regulates innate antiviral immune responses targeting hepatitis c virus infection of hepatocytes.	chronic hepatitis b, c, and d virus (hbv, hcv, and hdv) infections are the leading causes of liver disease and cancer worldwide. recently, the solute carrier and sodium taurocholate co-transporter ntcp has been identified as a receptor for hbv and hdv. here, we uncover ntcp as a host factor regulating hcv infection. using gain- and loss-of-function studies, we show that ntcp mediates hcv infection of hepatocytes and is relevant for cell-to-cell transmission. ntcp regulates hcv infection by augme ...	0	27783949
global, regional, national, and selected subnational levels of stillbirths, neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2015.	established in 2000, millennium development goal 4 (mdg4) catalysed extraordinary political, financial, and social commitments to reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015. at the country level, the pace of progress in improving child survival has varied markedly, highlighting a crucial need to further examine potential drivers of accelerated or slowed decreases in child mortality. the global burden of disease 2015 study (gbd 2015) provides an analytical framework to comprehen ...	0	27733285
global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2015.	non-fatal outcomes of disease and injury increasingly detract from the ability of the world's population to live in full health, a trend largely attributable to an epidemiological transition in many countries from causes affecting children, to non-communicable diseases (ncds) more common in adults. for the global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors study 2015 (gbd 2015), we estimated the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for diseases and injuries at the global, re ...	0	27733282
the impact factor story: part ii.		0	27905328
nci's state and community research initiative: a model for future tobacco control research.		0	27697940
tooling up to facilitate findability, virtual collaboration, and storytelling with data.		0	27822164
the water quality in rio highlights the global public health concern over untreated sewage.		0	27689546
managing and mitigating the health risks of climate change: calling for evidence-informed policy and action.		0	27689449
south-east asian zika virus strain linked to cluster of cases in singapore, august 2016.	zika virus (zikv) is an ongoing global public health emergency with 70 countries and territories reporting evidence of zikv transmission since 2015. on 27 august 2016, singapore reported its first case of local zikv transmission and identified an ongoing cluster. here, we report the genome sequences of zikv strains from two cases and find through phylogenetic analysis that these strains form an earlier branch distinct from the recent large outbreak in the americas.	0	27684526
zika virus. i. isolations and serological specificity.		1952	12995440
zika virus. ii. pathogenicity and physical properties.		1952	12995441
zika virus: a report on three cases of human infection during an epidemic of jaundice in nigeria.		1954	13157159
electron micrographs of erythrocytes from swiss albino mice infected with zika virus.		1955	13281796
a simple technique for infection of mosquitoes with viruses; transmission of zika virus.		1956	13337908
zika virus infection experimentally induced in a human volunteer.		1956	13380987
zika virus: further isolations in the zika area, and some studies on the strains isolated.		1958	13556872
zika virus infection in man.		1964	14175744
twelve isolations of zika virus from aedes (stegomyia) africanus (theobald) taken in and above a uganda forest.	in continuation of a series of studies of arboreal mosquitos as virus vectors in uganda, 12 strains of zika virus and one strain of another group b arbovirus were isolated between november 1961 and june 1963 from pools of aedes (stegomyia) africanus caught on a 120-foot (36.5-m) tower in zika forest. for five strains it is known at what height the mosquitos were caught: one was from mosquitos taken at ground level, and the other four were from mosquitos taken in or above the upper canopy after s ...	1964	14230895
isolation of zika virus from aedes aegypti mosquitoes in malaysia.		1969	4976739
zika virus infection of the central nervous system of mice.		1971	5002906
laboratory infection with zika virus after vaccination against yellow fever.		1973	4799154
[serological and entomological study on yellow fever in sierra leone].	in a serological and entomological survey on yellow fever carried out in sierra-leone in 1972, altogether 899 sera from children 0 to 14 years were tested with 12 antigens by haemagglutination-inhibition and complement fixation tests. mouse neutralization test with yellow fever, west-nile and zika viruses were also performed on selected sera. generally speaking, the incidence of arboviruses is low but the prevalence of antibodies for some viruses was found to vary considerably between different ...	1975	1243735
comparative studies of some african arboviruses in cell culture and in mice.	twenty african arboviruses, five alphaviruses, nine flaviviruses, three bunyamwera group viruses, two bwamba group viruses and one ungrouped virus were titrated in parallel in 11 cell systems in suckling mice and adult mice. the relative sensitivities of the in vitro and in vivo systems have been compared. the highest infectivities were obtained in suckling mice. vero and llc-mk2 cells produced plaques with the greatest number of viruses and semliki forest virus grew most readily. ntaya virus an ...	1976	1245842
zika virus infections in nigeria: virological and seroepidemiological investigations in oyo state.	a study of zika virus infections was carried out in four communities in oyo state, nigeria. virus isolation studies between 1971 and 1975 yielded two virus isolations from human cases of mild febrile illness. haemagglutination-inhibition tests revealed a high prevalence of antibodies to zika and three other flaviviruses used. the percentages of positive sera were as follows: zika (31%), yellow fever (50%), west nile (46%), and wesselsbron (59%). neutralization tests showed that 40% of nigerians ...	1979	489960
[serological survey for the prevalence of certain arboviruses in the human population of the south-east area of central african republic (author's transl)].	a serological survey of antibodies to arboviruses was carried out in the human population of the south-east part of central african republic in april 1979. four hundred and fifty nine serum samples were tested using the haemagglutination inhibition test (h. i.) and fifty of them by the complement fixation test (c. f.). only 11% of the population tested had no h. i. antibodies against the following arboviruses: chikungunya, semliki-forest, sindbis, yellow fever, uganda s, west-nile, zika, bunyamw ...	1981	6274526
zika virus, a cause of fever in central java, indonesia.	in 1977 and 1978 selected in-patients at the tegalyoso hospital, klaten, indonesia who had recent onsets of acute fever were serologically studied for evidence for alphavirus and flavivirus infections. a brief clinical history was taken and a check list of signs and symptoms was completed on admission. acute and convalescent phase sera from 30 patients who showed evidence that a flavivirus had caused their illnesses were tested for neutralizing antibodies to several flaviviruses which occur in s ...	1981	6275577
yellow fever and zika virus epizootics and enzootics in uganda.	data of monkey serology are presented which, together with past evidence, support the view that yellow fever (yf) virus circulates in its primary sylvan host populations, i.e., forest monkeys, in an enzootic state in bwamba county in western uganda but as series of epizootics in the forest-savanna mosaic zone of central uganda. evidence of an epizootic of zika virus at the zika forest near entebbe is described which occurred in two episodes, the first (in 1969) apparently following the build-up ...	1982	6304948
[serological survey for arbovirus antibodies in the human and simian populations of the south-east of gabon (author's transl)].	a serological survey for arbovirus antibodies was carried out in human and simian populations of the south-east of gabon. 197 human sera (adults), 34 simian sera (collected in the monkey colony of the centre international de recherches médicales de franceville) and 28 paired sera of mothers and their new-borns (samples collected from the umbilical cord) were tested using haemagglutination inhibition (hi) for all sera and complement fixation test (cf) for some of them. in the human population, 88 ...	1982	6809352
detection of virus-specific antigen in the nuclei or nucleoli of cells infected with zika or langat virus.	two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) with molecular specificities for either the viral envelope glycoprotein (mab 541) or the non-structural ns1 glycoprotein (mab 109) were derived using west nile and yellow fever (yf) viruses respectively. their antigenic reactivity with a large number of flaviviruses was tested by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. both produced cytoplasmic fluorescent staining patterns with the homologous virus against which they were raised. additionally, mab 541 reacted wi ...	1988	2841406
[surveillance of the circulation of arbovirus of medical interest in the region of eastern senegal].	a study about the circulation of arboviruses of medical interest in southeastern senegal was conducted from 1988 to 1991, during and around the periods of transmission. specific igm antibodies were detected by elisa test in human sera, as a sign of a recent infection within 2 to 5 months. the comparison of the serological igm results from human surveys in different villages, and the isolations of arboviruses from mosquitoes during the same period of time permitted a rapid and global evaluation o ...	1993	8099299
identification of mosquito-borne flavivirus sequences using universal primers and reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction.	a reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (rt/pcr) protocol for the rapid detection and identification of flaviviruses was developed using a set of universal oligonucleotide primers. these primers correspond to sequences in the 3' non-coding region and in the ns5 gene which are highly conserved among the mosquito-borne flaviviruses. the sequences of the resulting amplified products were analysed for dengue 1, dengue 2, dengue 3, dengue 4, japanese encephalitis, west nile, yellow fever an ...	1994	7520190
[investigation surrounding a fatal case of yellow fever in côte d'ivoire in 1999].	côte d'ivoire is an endemic country for yellow fever, but no case was officially notified in recent years. in july 1999, however, one fatal case was reported. a german citizen was infected in the national park of comoe, in the north eastern area of the country. in order to evaluate the extent of amaril virus circulation and the risk for local people, a virological, entomological and epidemiological investigation was carried out by the ministry of health, the occge, the côte d'ivoire pasteur inst ...	2001	11681215
health evaluation of free-ranging and semi-captive orangutans (pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus) in sabah, malaysia.	baseline data on health of free-ranging wildlife is essential to evaluate impacts of habitat transformation and wildlife translocation, rehabilitation, and reintroduction programs. health information on many species, especially great apes, is extremely limited. between 1996 and 1998, 84 free-ranging orangutans captured for translocation, underwent a complete health evaluation. analogous data were gathered from 60 semi-captive orangutans in malaysia. baseline hematology and serology; vitamin, min ...	2003	12685070
one-step rt-pcr for detection of zika virus.	zika virus (zikv) is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus circulating in asia and africa. human infection induces an influenza-like syndrome that is associated with retro-orbital pain, oedema, lymphadenopathy, or diarrhea. diagnosis of zika fever requires virus isolation and serology, which are time consuming or cross-reactive.	2008	18674965
genetic and serologic properties of zika virus associated with an epidemic, yap state, micronesia, 2007.	zika virus (zikv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus first isolated in uganda from a sentinel monkey in 1947. mosquito and sentinel animal surveillance studies have demonstrated that zikv is endemic to africa and southeast asia, yet reported human cases are rare, with <10 cases reported in the literature. in june 2007, an epidemic of fever and rash associated with zikv was detected in yap state, federated states of micronesia. we report the genetic and serologic properties of the zikv associated wit ...	2008	18680646
zika virus outbreak on yap island, federated states of micronesia.	in 2007, physicians on yap island reported an outbreak of illness characterized by rash, conjunctivitis, and arthralgia. although serum from some patients had igm antibody against dengue virus, the illness seemed clinically distinct from previously detected dengue. subsequent testing with the use of consensus primers detected zika virus rna in the serum of the patients but no dengue virus or other arboviral rna. no previous outbreaks and only 14 cases of zika virus disease have been previously d ...	2009	19516034
zika virus outside africa.	zika virus (zikv) is a flavivirus related to yellow fever, dengue, west nile, and japanese encephalitis viruses. in 2007 zikv caused an outbreak of relatively mild disease characterized by rash, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis on yap island in the southwestern pacific ocean. this was the first time that zikv was detected outside of africa and asia. the history, transmission dynamics, virology, and clinical manifestations of zikv disease are discussed, along with the possibility for diagnostic con ...	2009	19788800
structure and functionality in flavivirus ns-proteins: perspectives for drug design.	flaviviridae are small enveloped viruses hosting a positive-sense single-stranded rna genome. besides yellow fever virus, a landmark case in the history of virology, members of the flavivirus genus, such as west nile virus and dengue virus, are increasingly gaining attention due to their re-emergence and incidence in different areas of the world. additional environmental and demographic considerations suggest that novel or known flaviviruses will continue to emerge in the future. nevertheless, u ...	2010	19945487
structural and functional analyses of a conserved hydrophobic pocket of flavivirus methyltransferase.	the flavivirus methyltransferase (mtase) sequentially methylates the n7 and 2'-o positions of the viral rna cap (gpppa-rna → m(7)gpppa-rna → m(7)gpppam-rna), using s-adenosyl-l-methionine (adomet) as a methyl donor. we report here that sinefungin (sin), an adomet analog, inhibits several flaviviruses through suppression of viral mtase. the crystal structure of west nile virus mtase in complex with sin inhibitor at 2.0-å resolution revealed a flavivirus-conserved hydrophobic pocket located next t ...	2010	20685660
insights into arbovirus evolution and adaptation from experimental studies.	arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are maintained in nature by cycling between vertebrate hosts and haematophagous invertebrate vectors. these viruses are responsible for causing a significant public health burden throughout the world, with over 100 species having the capacity to cause human disease. arbovirus outbreaks in previously naïve environments demonstrate the potential of these pathogens for expansion and emergence, possibly exacerbated more recently by changing climates. these recen ...	2010	21994633
zoonotic mosquito-borne flaviviruses: worldwide presence of agents with proven pathogenicity and potential candidates of future emerging diseases.	an update on the mosquito-borne flavivirus species including certain subtypes, as listed in the eighth report of the international committee on taxonomy of viruses, is given. special emphasis is placed on viruses which have been shown to cause diseases in animals, and viruses for which no pathogenicity has been proven yet. several recent examples (usutu virus and lineage-2 west nile virus in central europe, zika virus in micronesia) have shown that sources providing information on such scientifi ...	2010	19762169
vector-borne infections.	infections with vector-borne pathogens are a major source of emerging diseases. the ability of vectors to bridge spatial and ecologic gaps between animals and humans increases opportunities for emergence. small adaptations of a pathogen to a vector can have profound effects on the rate of transmission to humans.	2011	21529382
probable non-vector-borne transmission of zika virus, colorado, usa.	clinical and serologic evidence indicate that 2 american scientists contracted zika virus infections while working in senegal in 2008. one of the scientists transmitted this arbovirus to his wife after his return home. direct contact is implicated as the transmission route, most likely as a sexually transmitted infection.	2011	21529401
fever from the forest: prospects for the continued emergence of sylvatic dengue virus and its impact on public health.	the four dengue virus (denv) serotypes that circulate among humans emerged independently from ancestral sylvatic progenitors that were present in non-human primates, following the establishment of human populations that were large and dense enough to support continuous inter-human transmission by mosquitoes. this ancestral sylvatic-denv transmission cycle still exists and is maintained in non-human primates and aedes mosquitoes in the forests of southeast asia and west africa. here, we provide a ...	2011	21666708
Tembusu virus in ducks, china.	In China in 2010, a disease outbreak in egg-laying ducks was associated with a flavivirus. The virus was isolated and partially sequenced. The isolate exhibited 87%-91% identity with strains of Tembusu virus, a mosquito-borne flavivirus of the Ntaya virus group. These findings demonstrate emergence of Tembusu virus in ducks.	2011	22000358
drivers, dynamics, and control of emerging vector-borne zoonotic diseases.	emerging vector-borne diseases are an important issue in global health. many vector-borne pathogens have appeared in new regions in the past two decades, while many endemic diseases have increased in incidence. although introductions and emergence of endemic pathogens are often considered to be distinct processes, many endemic pathogens are actually spreading at a local scale coincident with habitat change. we draw attention to key differences between dynamics and disease burden that result from ...	2012	23200503
a review of the invasive mosquitoes in europe: ecology, public health risks, and control options.	there has been growing interest in europe in recent years in the establishment and spread of invasive mosquitoes, notably the incursion of aedes albopictus through the international trade in used tires and lucky bamboo, with onward spread within europe through ground transport. more recently, five other non-european aedine mosquito species have been found in europe, and in some cases populations have established locally and are spreading. concerns have been raised about the involvement of these ...	2012	22448724
genetic characterization of zika virus strains: geographic expansion of the asian lineage.	zika virus (zikv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus distributed throughout much of africa and asia. infection with the virus may cause acute febrile illness that clinically resembles dengue fever. a recent study indicated the existence of three geographically distinct viral lineages; however this analysis utilized only a single viral gene. although zikv has been known to circulate in both africa and asia since at least the 1950s, little is known about the genetic relationships between geographicall ...	2012	22389730
evaluation of a field-portable dna microarray platform and nucleic acid amplification strategies for the detection of arboviruses, arthropods, and bloodmeals.	highly multiplexed assays, such as microarrays, can benefit arbovirus surveillance by allowing researchers to screen for hundreds of targets at once. we evaluated amplification strategies and the practicality of a portable dna microarray platform to analyze virus-infected mosquitoes. the prototype microarray design used here targeted the non-structural protein 5, ribosomal rna, and cytochrome b genes for the detection of flaviviruses, mosquitoes, and bloodmeals, respectively. we identified 13 of ...	2012	23249687
filovirus research in gabon and equatorial africa: the experience of a research center in the heart of africa.	health research programs targeting the population of gabon and equatorial africa at the international center for medical research in franceville (cirmf), gabon, have evolved during the years since its inception in 1979 in accordance with emerging diseases. since the reemergence of ebola virus in central africa, the cirmf "emerging viral disease unit" developed diagnostic tools and epidemiologic strategies and transfers of such technology to support the response of the national public health syst ...	2012	23170174
oral susceptibility of singapore aedes (stegomyia) aegypti (linnaeus) to zika virus.	zika virus (zikv) is a little known flavivirus that caused a major outbreak in 2007, in the south-western pacific island of yap. it causes dengue-like syndromes but with milder symptoms. in africa, where it was first isolated, zikv is mainly transmitted by sylvatic aedes mosquitoes. the virus has also been isolated from ae. aegypti and it is considered to be the vector involved in the urban transmission of the virus. transmission of the virus by an african strain of ae. aegypti has also been dem ...	2012	22953014
[when some flaviviruses are throwing our certainties].	during the past two decades, a number of mosquito-borne flaviviruses, mainly of african origin, have invaded new geographical areas where they have never been active. this was the case for the japanese encephalitis virus which reached the northeastern part of australia (1995) and, above all, for the west nile virus which, since 1999, entirely colonized the american continent. then, the usutu virus invaded a large part of the western europe (2001) while the zika virus caused a large epidemic in a ...	2012	22923343
a diagnostic polymerase chain reaction assay for zika virus.	zika virus (zikv) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus. infection results in a dengue-like illness with fever, headache, malaise, and a maculopapular rash. nearly all cases are mild and self-limiting but in 2007, a large outbreak of zikv was reported from the island of yap (in micronesia, northwest of indonesia). singapore is already endemic for dengue, and its impact on public health and economic burden is significant. other dengue-like infections (e.g., chikungunya virus) are present. yet only 10% o ...	2012	22825831
quantitative real-time pcr detection of zika virus and evaluation with field-caught mosquitoes.	zika virus (zikv), a mosquito borne flavivirus is a pathogen affecting humans in asia and africa. zikv infection diagnosis relies on serology-which is challenging due to cross-reactions with other flaviviruses and/or absence or low titer of igm and igg antibodies at early phase of infection- virus isolation, which is labor intensive, time consuming and requires appropriate containment. therefore, real-time rt-pcr (rrt-pcr) is an appealing option as a rapid, sensitive and specific method for dete ...	2013	24148652
international health regulations (2005): public health event communications in the western pacific region.		2013	24319610
aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (skuse): a potential vector of zika virus in singapore.	zika virus (zikv) is a little known arbovirus until it caused a major outbreak in the pacific island of yap in 2007. although the virus has a wide geographic distribution, most of the known vectors are sylvatic aedes mosquitoes from africa where the virus was first isolated. presently, ae. aegypti is the only known vector to transmit the virus outside the african continent, though ae. albopictus has long been a suspected vector. currently, ae. albopictus has been shown capable of transmitting mo ...	2013	23936579
virology, epidemiology and pathology of glossina hytrosavirus, and its control prospects in laboratory colonies of the tsetse fly, glossina pallidipes (diptera; glossinidae).	the glossina hytrosavirus (family hytrosaviridae) is a double-stranded dna virus with rod-shaped, enveloped virions. its 190 kbp genome encodes 160 putative open reading frames. the virus replicates in the nucleus, and acquires a fragile envelope in the cell cytoplasm. glossina hytrosavirus was first isolated from hypertrophied salivary glands of the tsetse fly, glossina pallidipes austen (diptera; glossinidae) collected in kenya in 1986. a certain proportion of laboratory g. pallidipes flies in ...	2013	26462422
distribution of mosquito larvae on kosrae island, kosrae state, the federated states of micronesia.	surveys of mosquito larvae were carried out in six areas of kosrae island, kosrae state, the federated states of micronesia in december 2009 and june 2012. a total of 962 larvae of six species were collected from 106 natural and artificial habitats. they were identified as aedes aegypti, ae. albopictus, ae. marshallensis, culex quinquefasciatus, cx. annulirostris, and cx. kusaiensis. this is the first report from kosrae island for three of these species-ae. marshallensis, cx. quinquefasciatus, a ...	2013	24478593
multi-gene detection and identification of mosquito-borne rna viruses using an oligonucleotide microarray.	arthropod-borne viruses are important emerging pathogens world-wide. viruses transmitted by mosquitoes, such as dengue, yellow fever, and japanese encephalitis viruses, infect hundreds of millions of people and animals each year. global surveillance of these viruses in mosquito vectors using molecular based assays is critical for prevention and control of the associated diseases. here, we report an oligonucleotide dna microarray design, termed arbochip5.1, for multi-gene detection and identifica ...	2013	23967358
zika virus infection acquired during brief travel to indonesia.	zika virus infection closely resembles dengue fever. it is possible that many cases are misdiagnosed or missed. we report a case of zika virus infection in an australian traveler who returned from indonesia with fever and rash. further case identification is required to determine the evolving epidemiology of this disease.	2013	23878182
ilheus virus isolation in the pantanal, west-central brazil.	the wetlands of the brazilian pantanal host large concentrations of diverse wildlife species and hematophagous arthropods, conditions that favor the circulation of zoonotic arboviruses. a recent study from the nhecolândia sub-region of pantanal reported serological evidence of various flaviviruses, including west nile virus and ilheus virus (ilhv). according to the age of seropositive horses, at least three flaviviruses, including ilhv, circulated in the brazilian pantanal between 2005 and 2009. ...	2013	23875051
flaviviruses in europe: complex circulation patterns and their consequences for the diagnosis and control of west nile disease.	in europe, many flaviviruses are endemic (west nile, usutu, tick-borne encephalitis viruses) or occasionally imported (dengue, yellow fever viruses). due to the temporal and geographical co-circulation of flaviviruses in europe, flavivirus differentiation by diagnostic tests is crucial in the adaptation of surveillance and control efforts. serological diagnosis of flavivirus infections is complicated by the antigenic similarities among the flavivirus genus. indeed, most flavivirus antibodies are ...	2013	24225644
development of one-step quantitative reverse transcription pcr for the rapid detection of flaviviruses.	the genus flavivirus includes several pathogenic agents that cause severe illness in humans. re-emergence of west nile virus in europe and continuous spread of certain flaviviruses such as dengue, yellow fever and japanese encephalitis viruses represent a global danger to public health. therefore, a rapid and accurate molecular method is required for diagnostics and epidemiological surveillance of flaviviruses.	2013	23410000
toward an activist agenda for monitoring virus emergence.	the continuing emergence of arboviruses such as chikungunya virus requires thoughtful attention and approaches for risk management. incorporating experimental evolutionary studies, as described in this issue by stapleford et al. (2014), has the potential to move public health toward a more proactive agenda for predicting and responding to disease emergence.	2014	24922566
multiplex nucleic acid amplification test for diagnosis of dengue fever, malaria, and leptospirosis.	dengue, leptospirosis, and malaria are among the most common etiologies of systemic undifferentiated febrile illness (ufi) among travelers to the developing world, and these pathogens all have the potential to cause life-threatening illness in returned travelers. the current study describes the development of an internally controlled multiplex nucleic acid amplification test for the detection of dengue virus (denv) and leptospira and plasmodium species, with a specific callout for plasmodium fal ...	2014	24671788
stress responses in flavivirus-infected cells: activation of unfolded protein response and autophagy.	the flavivirus is a genus of rna viruses that includes multiple long known human, animal, and zoonotic pathogens such as dengue virus, yellow fever virus, west nile virus, or japanese encephalitis virus, as well as other less known viruses that represent potential threats for human and animal health such as usutu or zika viruses. flavivirus replication is based on endoplasmic reticulum-derived structures. membrane remodeling and accumulation of viral factors induce endoplasmic reticulum stress t ...	2014	24917859
rapid molecular assays for the detection of yellow fever virus in low-resource settings.	yellow fever (yf) is an acute viral hemorrhagic disease transmitted by aedes mosquitoes. the causative agent, the yellow fever virus (yfv), is found in tropical and subtropical areas of south america and africa. although a vaccine is available since the 1930s, yf still causes thousands of deaths and several outbreaks have recently occurred in africa. therefore, rapid and reliable diagnostic methods easy to perform in low-resources settings could have a major impact on early detection of outbreak ...	2014	24603874
west nile virus documented in indonesia from acute febrile illness specimens.	we report the presence of west nile virus in a cryopreserved, dengue-negative serum specimen collected from an acute fever case on java in 2004-2005. the strain belongs to genotype lineage 2, which has recently been implicated in human outbreaks in europe.	2014	24420775
universal single-probe rt-pcr assay for diagnosis of dengue virus infections.	dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease that has become more prevalent in the last few decades. most patients are viremic when they present with symptoms, and early diagnosis of dengue is important in preventing severe clinical complications associated with this disease and also represents a key factor in differential diagnosis. here, we designed and validated a hydrolysis-probe-based one-step real-time rt-pcr assay that targets the genomes of dengue virus serotypes 1-4.	2014	25522325
nonstructural protein 1-specific immunoglobulin m and g antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in diagnosis of flaviviral infections in humans.	igm antibody- and igg antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (mac/gac-elisas) targeted at envelope protein (e) of dengue viruses (denv), west nile virus, and japanese encephalitis virus (jev) are widely used as serodiagnostic tests for presumptive confirmation of viral infection. antibodies directed against the flavivirus nonstructural protein 1 (ns1) have been proposed as serological markers of natural infections among vaccinated populations. the aim of the current study is to opti ...	2014	25502522
zika virus emergence in mosquitoes in southeastern senegal, 2011.	zika virus (zikv; genus flavivirus, family flaviviridae) is maintained in a zoonotic cycle between arboreal aedes spp. mosquitoes and nonhuman primates in african and asian forests. spillover into humans has been documented in both regions and the virus is currently responsible for a large outbreak in french polynesia. zikv amplifications are frequent in southeastern senegal but little is known about their seasonal and spatial dynamics. the aim of this paper is to describe the spatio-temporal pa ...	2014	25310102
chikungunya virus-vector interactions.	chikungunya virus (chikv) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that causes chikungunya fever, a severe, debilitating disease that often produces chronic arthralgia. since 2004, chikv has emerged in africa, indian ocean islands, asia, europe, and the americas, causing millions of human infections. central to understanding chikv emergence is knowledge of the natural ecology of transmission and vector infection dynamics. this review presents current understanding of chikv infection dynamics in mosquito v ...	2014	25421891