Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted ascending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
fermented soya bean (tempe) extracts reduce adhesion of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli to intestinal epithelial cells.this study aimed to investigate the effect of processed soya bean, during the successive stages of tempe fermentation and different fermentation times, on adhesion of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) k88 to intestinal brush border cells as well as caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells; and to clarify the mechanism of action.200919191956
purification and biochemical characterization of thermostable alkaline phosphatases produced by rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis.the biochemical properties of the alkaline phosphatases (alps) produced by rhizopus microsporus are described. high enzymic levels were produced within 1-2 d in agitated cultures with 1 % wheat bran. intra- and extracellular alps were purified 5.0 and 9.3x, respectively, by deae-cellulose and cona-sepharose chromatography. molar mass of 118 and 120 kda was estimated by gel filtration for both forms of phosphatases. sds-page indicated dimeric structures of 57 kda for both forms. mn(2+), na(+) and ...200919381476
spectrum of zygomycete species identified in clinically significant specimens in the united states.several members of the order mucorales (subphylum mucoromycotina) are important agents of severe human infections. the identification of these fungi by using standard mycologic methods is often difficult and time consuming. frequently, the etiological agent in clinical cases is reported either as a mucor sp., which is not the most frequent genus of zygomycetes, or only as a member of the mucorales. for this reason, the actual spectrum of species of zygomycetes and their incidences in the clinica ...200919386856
successful therapy with ablc, surgery and posaconazole for rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis liver eumycetoma in a child with acute leukaemia.invasive fungal infection negatively influences the morbidity and mortality in heavily immuno-incompetent patients. diagnosis of non-aspergillus mould infections remains challenging despite application of a wide spectrum of non-culture-based microbiological techniques. invasive diagnostic procedures are often essential. in this article, we present the case of a 15-month-old boy diagnosed with rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis liver mycetoma during induction chemotherapy for acute promyel ...200918643916
outbreak of intestinal infection due to rhizopus microsporus.sinopulmonary and rhinocerebral zygomycosis has been increasingly found in patients with hematological malignancies and bone marrow transplantation, but intestinal zygomycosis remains very rare in the literature. we investigated an outbreak of intestinal infection due to rhizopus microsporus in 12 patients on treatment for hematological malignancies over a period of 6 months in a teaching hospital. the intake of allopurinol during hospitalization (p < 0.001) and that of commercially packaged rea ...200919641069
outbreaks of zygomycosis in hospitals.zygomycosis refers to a group of uncommon and frequently fatal mycoses caused by fungi of the class zygomycetes, the organisms of which are usually found in decaying organic matter. disease can be transmitted by the inhalation of spores or by direct inoculation on disrupted skin or mucosa. for rare diseases such as zygomycosis, two or more cases occurring in a short time should be investigated as a probable epidemic. twelve hospital outbreaks and two pseudoepidemics caused by zygomycetes have be ...200919754759
correlation of in vitro activity, serum levels, and in vivo efficacy of posaconazole against rhizopus microsporus in a murine disseminated infection.a broth microdilution method was used to evaluate the in vitro activities of seven antifungal agents against 15 clinical strains of rhizopus microsporus. amphotericin b (amb) and posaconazole (pos) were the most active drugs. in a model of disseminated r. microsporus infection in immunosuppressed mice, we studied the efficacy of pos administered once or twice daily against four of the strains previously tested in vitro and compared it with that of liposomal amb (lamb). lamb was the most effectiv ...200919786601
internal transcribed spacer region sequence heterogeneity in rhizopus microsporus: implications for molecular diagnosis in clinical microbiology laboratories.although internal transcribed spacer region (its) sequence heterogeneity has been reported in a few fungal species, it has very rarely been reported in pathogenic fungi and has never been described in mucorales, causes of the highly fatal mucormycosis. in a recent outbreak investigation of intestinal mucormycosis due to rhizopus microsporus infection in patients with hematological malignancies, pcr of the its of four of the 28 r. microsporus strains, p11, p12, d3-1, and d4-1, showed thick bands ...201019906897
molecular evolution in bacterial endosymbionts of fungi.the prediction that progressive coupling of host and symbiont metabolic and reproductive interests leads to reduced mixing of symbiont lineages has been verified extensively in maternally transmitted bacterial endosymbionts of insects. to test whether this prediction is also applicable to associations of bacteria with fungi, we explored patterns of molecular evolution in two lineages of mutualistic endosymbionts of fungi: the burkholderia endosymbionts of rhizopus microsporus (mucormycotina) and ...201019923192
toxin production by bacterial endosymbionts of a rhizopus microsporus strain used for tempe/sufu processing.mould fungi are not only well known for food spoilage through toxin formation but also for the production of fermented foods. in asian countries, the fermentation of soy beans and tofu for tempe and sufu production with various rhizopus strains is widespread. here we report the finding of toxinogenic bacteria in a starter culture used for sufu production. by means of metabolic profiling of the fungus under standard conditions for tempe and sufu production, we found that toxins of the rhizoxin co ...201019942312
breakthrough zygomycosis on posaconazole prophylaxis after allogeneic stem cell transplantation.antifungal prophylaxis with posaconazole (pos) has been shown to decrease the mortality associated with invasive fungal infections in high-risk patients. we report on a patient, with severe graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, who developed proven pneumonia due to rhizopus microsporus after 40 days of pos prophylaxis (fasting serum levels: 691-904 ng/ml). despite combination treatment with liposomal amphotericin b and pos for 39 days, the patient died from pulmon ...201019954497
cunninghamella bertholletiae exhibits increased resistance to human neutrophils with or without antifungal agents as compared to rhizopus spp.among zygomycetes, cunninghamella bertholletiae occurs less frequently as the etiologic agent of human disease but causes more aggressive, refractory, and fatal infections despite antifungal therapy. little is known about the differential innate host response against cunninghamella and other zygomycetes in the presence of antifungal agents. we therefore studied the activity of human neutrophils (pmns) alone or in combination with caspofungin, posaconazole (psc), and voriconazole (vrc) against hy ...201020100138
in vitro interaction of posaconazole with calcineurin inhibitors and sirolimus against zygomycetes.zygomycosis is an uncommon but devastating disease with few therapeutic options. calcineurin inhibitors and sirolimus (mtor inhibitor), commonly used in transplant patients as immunosuppressives, have antifungal activity. they are known to demonstrate synergy with triazoles against certain fungi, though limited data exist about their activity against zygomycetes. our aim was to study the in vitro interaction of posaconazole with calcineurin inhibitors and sirolimus against zygomycetes.201020130026
disseminated rhizopus microsporus infection cured by salvage allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, antifungal combination therapy, and surgical resection.invasive zygomycetes infection complicating prolonged neutropenia is associated with high mortality in the absence of immune recovery. we report a patient who developed disseminated zygomycosis due to rhizopus microsporus during induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia. rescue allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-hsct) was performed as her only chance of cure of this infection and to treat refractory leukemia. posaconazole combined with liposomal amphotericin b conta ...201020163567
identification of acid- and thermotolerant extracellular beta-glucosidase activities in zygomycetes fungi.extracellular beta-glucosidase activity of 94 strains, representing 24 species of the genera gilbertella, mucor, rhizomucor , and rhizopus was evaluated in submerged culture and under solid state fermentation on wheat bran. gilbertella persicaria g1 isolate showed the highest activity (70.9 u ml -1 ) followed by other gilbertella (58.6-59.0 u ml -1 ) and rhizomucor miehei isolates (29.2-42.0 u ml -1 ). optimum temperature for enzyme production was 25 degrees c for gilbertella and mucor , and 30 ...201020194103
usefulness of molecular biology performed with formaldehyde-fixed paraffin embedded tissue for the diagnosis of combined pulmonary invasive mucormycosis and aspergillosis in an immunocompromised patient.immunocompromised patients who develop invasive filamentous mycotic infections can be efficiently treated if rapid identification of the causative fungus is obtained. we report a case of fatal necrotic pneumonia caused by combined pulmonary invasive mucormycosis and aspergillosis in a 66 year-old renal transplant recipient. aspergillus was first identified during the course of the disease by cytological examination and culture (a. fumigatus) of bronchoalveolar fluid. hyphae of mucorales (rhizopu ...201020205795
a newly isolated rhizopus microsporus var. chinensis capable to secrete amyloltic enzymes with raw-starch-digesting activity.a newly isolated active producer of raw starch digesting amyloltic enzymes, rhizopus microsporus var. chinensis cicim-cu f0088 was screened and identified by morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analysis. this fungus was isolated from the soil of chinese glue pudding mill, and produced high levels of amylolytic activity under solid state fermentation with supplementation of starch and wheat bran. results of thin layer chromatography showed there are two kinds of amyloltic enz ...201020208445
molecular detection and identification of zygomycetes species from paraffin-embedded tissues in a murine model of disseminated zygomycosis: a collaborative european society of clinical microbiology and infectious diseases (escmid) fungal infection study group (efisg) evaluation.the present study was performed to assess the interlaboratory reproducibility of the molecular detection and identification of species of zygomycetes from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded kidney and brain tissues obtained from experimentally infected mice. animals were infected with one of five species (rhizopus oryzae, rhizopus microsporus, lichtheimia corymbifera, rhizomucor pusillus, and mucor circinelloides). samples with 1, 10, or 30 slide cuts of the tissues were prepared from each paraffi ...201020375233
fatal peritonitis caused by rhizopus microsporus.a 52-year-old woman with a history of crohn's disease was admitted due to peritonitis which followed an intestinal perforation. after transitory treatment with voriconazole, resolution of the infection was complicated by recurring peritonitis resulting from necrosis and perforation of the left colon which ultimately lead to the death of the patient. microscopic examination of the peritoneal fluid revealed the presence of broad, irregular hyphae and culture of the fluid yielded rhizopus microspor ...201020465520
intra-abdominal rhizopus microsporus infection successfully treated by combined aggressive surgical, antifungal, and iron chelating therapy.summary: zygomycetes are widely distributed in the environment as inhabitants of soil and decaying matter. on rare occasions, these organisms can cause invasive infections in immunocompromised hosts. as zygomycetes are resistant to most conventional antifungal agents, its infection is often fatal. we report 2 cases of unusual intra-abdominal rhizopus microsporus infection in children with acute leukemia as a result of an unprecedented outbreak due to oral intake of contaminated allopurinol table ...201020661158
innovative biorefinery concept for sugar-based ethanol industries: production of protein-rich fungal biomass on vinasse as an aquaculture feed ingredient.this study examined the potential of producing a protein-rich fungus, rhizopus microsporus (var. oligosporus), as an aquaculture feed ingredient on vinasse generated during sugar-based ethanol fermentation. optimization studies showed prolific fungal growth at ph 5.0 and 30 degrees c on vinasse with nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) supplementation. the molasses-vinasse resulted in the highest specific fungal biomass yield of 0.21 (g biomass increase/(g initial biomassxg soluble chemical oxygen ...201020688513
induction of glyceollins by fungal infection in varieties of korean soybean.glyceollins, one of the inducible phytoalexins produced by plants, were induced in a number of varieties of korean soybean through fungal infection. of the tested soybean varieties, tae-kwang, though not the most productive, was found to be currently the most suitable for the induction of glyceollins. amongst the fungal species, rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus was seen to be the most effective elicitor. halved soybean seeds produced glyceollins upon fungal infection; however, chopped soybe ...201020798587
green processing of tropical banagrass into biofuel and biobased products: an innovative biorefinery approach.banagrass (pennisetum purpureum) approximately 4 months old was hand-harvested and shredded. half of the sample was dewatered using a screw-press, whereby the extracted juice was used for cultivating an edible fungus, rhizopus microsporus, for aquaculture feed supplementation. the remaining biomass was divided into four separate streams: (1) wet, juiced; (2) dry, juiced; (3) wet, unjuiced; and (4) dry, unjuiced. each stream was pretreated with dilute sulfuric acid and compared on the basis of su ...201020863688
antifungal activity of posaconazole and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in the treatment of disseminated zygomycosis (mucormycosis) in a neutropaenic murine model.the aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of posaconazole (psc) in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (g-csf) in a neutropaenic murine model of disseminated zygomycosis (mucormycosis) due to rhizopus microsporus. male balb/c mice were rendered neutropaenic with cyclophosphamide (200 mg kg(-1) , intraperitoneally) administered on days -1 and +5 postinfection. mice were infected with r. microsporus (5 × 10(4) spores ml(-1) ) intravenously. mice wer ...201021039940
complete genome sequence of burkholderia rhizoxinica, an endosymbiont of rhizopus microsporus.burkholderia rhizoxinica is an intracellular symbiont of the phytopathogenic fungus rhizopus microsporus. the vertically transmitted endosymbiont not only delivers the antimitotic macrolide rhizoxin to its host but is also essential for vegetative spore formation of the fungus. to shed light on the genetic equipment of this model organism, we sequenced the whole genome of b. rhizoxinica hki 0454, thus providing the first genomic insight into an intracellular mutualist of a fungal species. the 3. ...201021131495
fungal biomass is a key factor affecting polymorphonuclear leucocyte-induced hyphal damage of filamentous fungi.previous studies have not systematically assessed the effect of fungal biomass on polymorphonuclear leucocyte (pmn)-induced hyphal damage (hd) of filamentous fungi. we hypothesised that fungal biomass is a significant factor affecting pmn-induced hd. one isolate each consisting of a volume of 2 x 10(4) conidia ml(-1) of aspergillus fumigatus, aspergillus flavus, aspergillus terreus, rhizopus oryzae, rhizopus microsporus, cunninghamella bertholletiae, scedosporium prolificans and fusarium solani ...201019638003
identification of prenylated pterocarpans and other isoflavonoids in rhizopus spp. elicited soya bean seedlings by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry.phytoalexins from soya are mainly characterised as prenylated pterocarpans, the glyceollins. extracts of non-soaked and soaked soya beans, as well as that of soya seedlings, grown in the presence of rhizopus microsporus var. oryzae, were screened for the presence of prenylated flavonoids with a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (lc/ms)-based screening method. the glyceollins i-iii and glyceollidins i-ii, belonging to the isoflavonoid subclass of the pterocarpans, were tentatively assigned. ...201121154654
characterization of burkholderia rhizoxinica and b. endofungorum isolated from clinical specimens.eight isolates submitted to cdc from 1989 to 2006 from clinical specimens were initially identified as members of the genus burkholderia based on preliminary cellular fatty acid analysis and/or 16s rrna gene sequencing. with the recent descriptions of the new species b. rhizoxinica and b. endofungorum, which are considered endosymbiotic bacteria in rhizopus microsporus fungi, we now identify seven of these clinical isolates as b. rhizoxinica and one as b. endofungorum based on biochemical testin ...201121267449
simultaneous detection and identification of aspergillus and mucorales species in tissues collected from patients with fungal rhinosinusitis.rapid detection and differentiation of aspergillus and mucorales species in fungal rhinosinusitis diagnosis are desirable, since the clinical management and prognosis associated with the two taxa are fundamentally different. we describe an assay based on a combination of broad-range pcr amplification and reverse line blot hybridization (pcr/rlb) to detect and differentiate the pathogens causing fungal rhinosinusitis, which include five aspergillus species (a. fumigatus, a. flavus, a. niger, a. t ...201121325541
biodiesel-derived crude glycerol bioconversion to animal feed: a sustainable option for a biodiesel refinery.this study examined the potential of producing an edible fungus, rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus, on biodiesel-derived crude glycerol. prolific fungal growth was observed with a fungal biomass yield of 0.83 -¦ 0.02 (g biomass increase/ginitial biomass) under optimal cultivation conditions (e.g. nonsterile crude glycerol at a concentration of 75% (w/v) with nutrient supplementation and without ph control). the potential of utilizing front-end processed banagrass (pennisetum purpureum) juice ...201121382713
identity, regulation, and activity of inducible diterpenoid phytoalexins in maize.phytoalexins constitute a broad category of pathogen- and insect-inducible biochemicals that locally protect plant tissues. because of their agronomic significance, maize and rice have been extensively investigated for their terpenoid-based defenses, which include insect-inducible monoterpene and sesquiterpene volatiles. rice also produces a complex array of pathogen-inducible diterpenoid phytoalexins. despite the demonstration of fungal-induced ent-kaur-15-ene production in maize over 30 y ago, ...201121402917
rapidly progressive cutaneous rhizopus microsporus infection presenting as fournier's gangrene in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia.c.m. durand, c.d. alonso, a.p. subhawong, n.p. kwiatkowski, m. showel, k.c. carroll, k.a. marr. rapidly progressive cutaneous rhizopus microsporus infection presenting as fournier's gangrene in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia. transpl infect dis 2011: 13: 392-396. all rights reserved abstract: members of the genus rhizopus within the class zygomycetes can cause devastating opportunistic infections. cutaneous disease arising from direct inoculation of fungal spores has the potential to ...201121443549
mucormycosis of the anterior chest wall presenting as a soft tissue tumour.mucormycosis is a fungal infection caused by order mucorales in humans. it commonly affects immunocompromised individuals, usually following trauma, and is associated with high rates of mortality despite the use of modern antifungal therapy and debridement. this report describes a case of the mucormycosis that presented as a non-healing ulcer over the chest wall (an extremely rare site for this lesion) which appeared to be a soft tissue tumour. the patient was immunocompetent and had no history ...201121537305
evolution of an endofungal lifestyle: deductions from the burkholderia rhizoxinica genome.abstract:201121539752
increasing soy isoflavonoid content and diversity by simultaneous malting and challenging by a fungus to modulate estrogenicity.soybeans were germinated on a kilogram-scale, by the application of malting technology used in the brewing industry, and concomitantly challenged with rhizopus microsporus var. oryzae. in a time-course experiment, samples were taken every 24 h for 10 days, and the isoflavonoid profile was analyzed by rp-uhplc-ms. upon induction with r. microsporus, the isoflavonoid composition changed drastically with the formation of phytoalexins belonging to the subclasses of the pterocarpans and coumestans an ...201121561073
in vitro interaction of caspofungin and immunosuppressives against agents of mucormycosis.objectives mucormycosis is a rare but refractory mycosis with high mortality. few therapeutic options are available and novel strategies are needed. calcineurin inhibitors are known to have antifungal activity, including synergy with various antifungals. we examined the interaction of caspofungin with calcineurin inhibitors and sirolimus against glomeromycetes. methods twenty-six strains of glomeromycetes representing seven species (rhizopus arrhizus, rhizopus microsporus, mucor sp., rhizomucor ...201121795260
the reversed halo sign as the initial radiographic sign of pulmonary zygomycosis.zygomycosis is an emerging fungal infection that is associated with high mortality in hematological patients and stem cell transplantation (sct) recipients. radiology-computed tomography (ct) imaging in particular-facilitates the detection of lung involvement at an early stage of the infection. the reversed halo sign (rhs) has previously been reported in cryptogenetic organizing pneumonia and, more recently, as a manifestation of pulmonary zygomycosis. here we describe a case of histologically p ...201121735109
evaluation of luminex xtag fungal analyte-specific reagents for rapid identification of clinically relevant fungi.invasive fungal infections (ifi) remain a serious threat to immunocompromised hosts. current diagnostic methods, including fungal culture and antigen detection, are slow and often lack specificity. rapid diagnostic tools with increased sensitivity and specificity could improve the care of patients with ifi. recently, luminex molecular diagnostics (toronto, canada) developed 23 analyte-specific reagents (asrs) for the detection of the most common clinically relevant fungi. this study's objective ...201121880976
mucormycosis in mato grosso, brazil: a case reports, caused by rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus and rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis.we identified the etiological agents responsible for two fatal cases of rhinocerebral mucormycosis with the classical risk factor for uncontrolled type ii diabetes mellitus. their initial symptoms did not point immediately to the suspicion of mucormycosis. case 1, caused by rhizopus microsporus var. oligosporus, was a 52-year-old man who presented with a painful pimple on his nose, which evolved with swelling, erythema, and a central pustule on his right hemiface suspected to be cellulitis. afte ...201121952835
endofungal bacterium controls its host by an hrp type iii secretion system.burkholderia rhizoxinica and rhizopus microsporus form a unique symbiosis in which intracellular bacteria produce the virulence factor of the phytopathogenic fungus. notably, the host strictly requires endobacteria to sporulate. in this study, we show that the endofungal bacteria possess a type iii secretion system (t3ss), which has a crucial role in the maintenance of the alliance. mutants defective in type iii secretion show reduced intracellular survival and fail to elicit sporulation of the ...201120720578
mycoflora and ochratoxin a control in wheat grain using natural extracts obtained from wine industry by-products.the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of some natural extracts obtained from grape pomace (gpe) and grape seeds (gse) as compared to a synthetic food, antioxidant-butylated hydroxytoluene (bht), in order to control fungal population and ochratoxin a (ota) production in naturally contaminated wheat. the results showed that the addition of these extracts was efficient with ota content decreasing. on treatment with these extracts the loss of ota content after 14 days was in the range 7.8 ...201222606022
application of a multiplex suspension array for rapid and simultaneous identification of clinically important mold pathogens.we have developed a microsphere-based suspension array (msa) for the identification of 23 medically important mold pathogens including aspergillus spp., fusarium spp., mucor spp., rhizopus spp., rhizomucor pusillus, penicillium marneffei, saksenaea vasiformis, apophysomyces elegans, lichtheimia corymbifer, and syncephalastrum racemosum. twenty-one oligonucleotide probes were designed based on the internal transcribed spacer (its2) region for species level identification of molds. among the 21 pr ...201222771862
evaluation of multiplexed pcr and liquid-phase array for identification of respiratory fungal pathogens.invasive fungal infections are the cause of serious morbidity and high mortality in immunocompromised patients. early laboratory diagnostic options remain limited; however, rapid detection and accurate identification may improve outcome. herein, multiplexed pcr followed by liquid-phase array was evaluated for detection and identification of common respiratory fungal pathogens, including aspergillus fumigatus, rhizopus microsporus, scedosporium apiospermum and fusarium solani. the limit of detect ...201222435876
comparison of dna extraction methodologies used for assessing fungal diversity via its sequencing.traditional methods of assessing fungal exposure have been confounded by a number of limiting variables. the recent utilization of molecular methods such as internal transcribed spacer (its) sequencing of ribosomal rna genes has provided improved insight into the diversity of fungal bioaerosols in indoor, outdoor and occupational environments. however, its analyses may also be confounded by a number of methodological limitations. in this study, we have optimized this technology for use in occupa ...201222230933
purification and structural characterization of siderophore (corynebactin) from corynebacterium diphtheriae.during infection, corynebacterium diphtheriae must compete with host iron-sequestering mechanisms for iron. c. diphtheriae can acquire iron by a siderophore-dependent iron-uptake pathway, by uptake and degradation of heme, or both. previous studies showed that production of siderophore (corynebactin) by c. diphtheriae is repressed under high-iron growth conditions by the iron-activated diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) and that partially purified corynebactin fails to react in chemical assays fo ...201222514641
in vitro interactions of amantadine hydrochloride, r-(-)-deprenyl hydrochloride and valproic acid sodium salt with antifungal agents against filamentous fungal species causing central nervous system infection.the mortality rates of fungal infections that affect the central nervous system are high in consequence of the absence of effective antifungal drugs with good penetration across the blood-brain barrier and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. in the present work in vitro antifungal activities of three good penetrating non-antifungal drugs (amantadine hydrochloride, r-(-)-deprenyl hydrochloride, valproic acid sodium salt) and their combinations with three antifungal agents (amphotericin b, itra ...201223134606
gastrointestinal mucormycosis following a streptococcus pyogenes toxic shock syndrome in a previously healthy patient: a case report.mucormycosis is an uncommon opportunistic infection and the gastrointestinal form is the rarest. rhizopus sp. is the most frequent pathogen and infection occurs almost exclusively in immunocompromised patients. we describe the first case of intestinal mucormycosis occurring after a streptococcus pyogenes toxic shock syndrome in a previously healthy patient caused by rhizopus microsporus var. azygosporus.201222900216
chlamydospores of rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis in tissue of pulmonary mucormycosis.hyphae are usually the only fungal elements found in tissue of mucormycosis, and other fungal elements are quite rarely encountered. we found chlamydospores in bronchial lumina in autopsied tissue of pulmonary mucormycosis of a diabetic patient. chlamydospores are thick-walled, asexually produced spores arising from the modification of a hyphal segment. this is the first histologic demonstration of chlamydospores in mucormycosis in which the causative fungus is culturally identified to species l ...201222733079
necrotising ventriculitis due to combined infection with rhizopus microsporus var. chinensis and candida krusei in an eclectus parrot (eclectus roratus).acute necrosis of the ventriculus is a very uncommon lesion in birds. we describe a fatal case of acute necrotising ventriculitis caused by rhizopus microsporus var. chinensis in a mature female eclectus parrot (eclectus roratus). the bird presented acutely dull and lethargic, was vomiting and had bright green droppings, suggestive of acute heavy metal poisoning. it was treated with fluids and chelation therapy, but died within 12 h. necropsy, cytology, histopathology and culture results demonst ...201222731951
[cutaneous mucormycosis in an immunocompromised patient].mucormycosis is an increasingly emerging life-threatening infection and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with leukemia. we present the case of a 4-year-old boy with an acute lymphoblastic leukemia complicated by severe and prolonged neutropenia during induction chemotherapy, who developed cutaneous mucormycosis of the elbow. direct microscopy with koh and the histopathologic observation of the skin revealed fungal hyphae without septations. the cultures were positive ...201222552520
zygomycosis caused by rhizopus microsporus and rhizopus oryzae in madhya pradesh (m.p.) central india: a report of two cases.zygomycosis encompasses infections due to two distinct orders of fungi, mucorales and entomophthorales. with rare exception, entomophthorales are restricted to tropical areas. by contrast, mucorales are ubiquitous opportunistic fungi, which play a crucial part in the natural decay process. in human pathology, they may be opportunistic agents and be responsible for rare infection called (mucormycosis) zygomycosis. we report two cases of zygomycosis from madhya pradesh, central india, one caused b ...201222437261
rhizopus microsporus infection in an immunocompetent host: a case of immunoparalysis? 201222417051
[pulmonary mucormycosis caused by rhizopus microsporus].we report a case of mycotic pneumonia in a patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia. rhizopus microsporus was identified as an agent of mucormycosis and proven by microscopy and culture. the determination of the isolate was supported by molecular methods. combined treatment with surgery (right-sided pneumonectomy) and systemic amphotericin b and posaconazole antifungal therapy was chosen. in this case, amphotericin b neo-sensitabs tablets gave false "resistant" results on mueller-hinton agar whe ...201324623054
clinical challenge: systemic rhizopus microsporus infection with renal cavitation in a grey seal (halichoerus grypus). 201324450087
disseminated rhizopus microsporus infection following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a child with severe aplastic anemia.disseminated rhizopus microsporus infections are uncommon in children and are resistant to echinocandin and azole antifungal agents. we describe a child with severe aplastic anemia who developed disseminated r. microsporus infection following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. r. microsporus was identified microscopically in the hepatic drain culture and was confirmed on the basis of 18s rrna and 28s rrna sequence analyses. the patient was treated successfully with hepatic drain ...201324119033
development of a single tube multiplex real-time pcr to detect the most clinically relevant mucormycetes species.mucormycetes infections are very difficult to treat and a delay in diagnosis could be fatal for the outcome of the patient. a molecular diagnostic technique based on real time pcr was developed for the simultaneous detection of rhizopus oryzae, rhizopus microsporus and the genus mucor spp. in both culture and clinical samples. the methodology used was molecular beacon species-specific probes with an internal control. this multiplex real-time pcr (mrt-pcr) was tested in 22 cultured strains and 12 ...201322925434
efficacy of dna amplification in tissue biopsy samples to improve the detection of invasive fungal disease.the performance of a pan-fungal pcr-based technique was evaluated to assess the aetiology of invasive fungal diseases (ifds). a total of 89 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsy samples from 84 patients with proven ifd were studied. culture of tissue was performed in 68 (81%) patients. the sensitivities of the pcr-based technique and microbiological culture of tissues were 89% and 56%, respectively (p <0.01). according to pcr results, aspergillus species accounted for 67%, candida species for ...201323464751
unusual cause of abortions in a dairy herd.abortion due to rhizopus microsporus in a dairy herd outbreaks of nutritional myopathy and hypovitaminosis a in calves marked rise in diagnoses of acute fasciolosis in sheep arcanobacterium haemolyticum arthritis diagnosed in fattening boars infectious laryngotracheitis causes mortality in backyard poultry these are among matters discussed in the disease surveillance report for november 2012 from sac consulting: veterinary services (sac c vs).201323378310
biosynthesis of antifungal and antibacterial polyketides by burkholderia gladioli in coculture with rhizopus microsporus.fungi-bacteria interactions can impact the course of fungal infection and biotechnological use. the mucoralean fungus rhizopus microsporus, traditionally used in food fermentations (tempe and sufu), is frequently accompanied by burkholderia gladioli pv. cocovenenans. when producing tempe bongkrek, the bacterial contamination can lead to lethal food-related intoxications caused by the respiratory toxin bongkrekic acid. to unveil the metabolic potential of the fungus-associated bacterium, we seque ...201425250879
quantitative multiplexed detection of common pulmonary fungal pathogens by labeled primer polymerase chain reaction.invasive fungal infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised patients.201425357108
effects of 7-hydroxycalamenene isolated from croton cajucara essential oil on growth, lipid content and ultrastructural aspects of rhizopus oryzae.the leaves and bark of croton cajucara, a shrub from the amazon region, have been used in folk medicine to treat diabetes, malaria, and gastrointestinal and liver disorders. the essential oil from the leaves, rich in linalool, presented antileishmanial and antimicrobial activities. a chemotype of this species was found with an essential oil rich in 7-hydroxycalamenene. during our studies of the c. cajucara essential oil, we isolated 7-hydroxycalamenene at > 98 % purity. the minimum inhibitory co ...201424841967
effect of controlled lactic acid fermentation on selected bioactive and nutritional parameters of tempeh obtained from unhulled common bean (phaseolus vulgaris) seeds.tempeh is a traditional indonesian food of high nutritional quality obtained by fungal fermentation of dehulled, soaked and cooked legumes. the aim of this research was to study the effect of lactobacillus plantarum dsm 20174 activity on selected parameters of tempeh made from unhulled seeds of common bean (phaseolus vulgaris). lactobacillus plantarum cells were applied during soaking of seeds (submerged fermentation) or during solid state fermentation with rhizopus microsporus var. chinensis (c ...201424037686
conjugation of deoxynivalenol by alternaria alternata (54028 nrrl), rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis (54029 nrrl) and aspergillus oryzae (5509 nrrl).deoxynivalenol (don, vomitoxin) is a trichothecene mycotoxin which can be considered to be an indicator of fusarium mycotoxin contamination in grain, feed and food. recent studies have described the presence of glucose conjugated don, which is a product of plant metabolism, but there is a lack of information available on don conjugation by fungi. the aim of the current study was, therefore, to investigate the ability of fungi to metabolize don into hydrolysable conjugated don. alternaria alterna ...201424263850
active invasion of bacteria into living fungal cells.the rice seedling blight fungus rhizopus microsporus and its endosymbiont burkholderia rhizoxinica form an unusual, highly specific alliance to produce the highly potent antimitotic phytotoxin rhizoxin. yet, it has remained a riddle how bacteria invade the fungal cells. genome mining for potential symbiosis factors and functional analyses revealed that a type 2 secretion system (t2ss) of the bacterial endosymbiont is required for the formation of the endosymbiosis. comparative proteome analyses ...201425182414
intestinal mucormycosis with rhizopus microsporus after liver transplantation--successful treatment of a rare but life-threatening complication. 201424434484
fatal pulmonary mucormycosis caused by rhizopus microsporus in a patient with diabetes. 201424422203
phytase production by rhizopus microsporus var. microsporus biofilm: characterization of enzymatic activity after spray drying in presence of carbohydrates and nonconventional adjuvants.microbial phytases are enzymes with biotechnological interest for the feed industry. in this article, the effect of spray-drying conditions on the stability and activity of extracellular phytase produced by r. microsporus var. microsporus biofilm is described. the phytase was spray-dried in the presence of starch, corn meal (>150 μm), soy bean meal (sb), corn meal (<150 μm) (cm), and maltodextrin as drying adjuvants. the residual enzyme activity after drying ranged from 10.7% to 60.4%, with sb a ...201424196167
rare case of primary cutaneous mucormycosis of the hand caused by rhizopus microsporus in an immunocompetent patient.primary cutaneous mucormycosis is a very uncommon manifestation occurring most often in diabetics or following trauma.201424168663
clinical challenge: fatal mucormycotic osteomyelitis caused by rhizopus microsporus despite aggressive multimodal treatment.mucormycosis is an invasive mycotic disease caused by fungi in the zygomycetes class. although ubiquitous in the environment, zygomycetes are rarely known to cause invasive disease in immunocompromised hosts with a high mortality even under aggressive antifungal and surgical therapy. clinically, mucormycosis frequently affects the sinus occasionally showing pulmonary or cerebral involvement. however skeletal manifestation with rhizopus microsporus (rm) osteomyelitis leading to emergency surgical ...201425195155
purification and characterization of a chymosin from rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis.purification and characterization of a chymosin from rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis were investigated in the present study. a newly isolated r. microsporus var. rhizopodiformis f518 produced a high level of milk-clotting activity (1,001 su/ml). a chymosin from the fungus was purified 3.66-fold with a recovery yield of 33.2 %. the enzyme appeared as a single protein band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) with a molecular mass of 37.0 kda. it was op ...201425035104
pulmonary mucormycosis with embolism: two autopsied cases of acute myeloid leukemia.mucormycosis is an increasingly important cause of morbidity and mortality for patients with hematological malignancies. the diagnosis of mucormycosis usually requires mycological evidence through tissue biopsy or autopsy because the signs and symptoms are nonspecific and there are currently no biomarkers to identify the disease. we herein present two autopsied cases of acute myeloid leukemia with prolonged neutropenia who developed invasive mucormycosis accompanied by pulmonary artery embolism. ...201425031775
multifocal rhizopus microsporus lung infection following brush clearing.we report a case of pulmonary rhizopus microsporus infection in a patient with untreated diabetes following brush clearing. the patient was successfully treated with a combined medical and surgical approach with complete resolution of the lung lesions and remains asymptomatic at 11-month follow-up.201425379391
allograft mucormycosis due to rhizopus microsporus in a kidney transplant recipient.mucormycosis is an uncommon infectious complication with fatal outcome after kidney transplantation. we describe a rare form of mucormycosis in allograft kidney. the patient was a 54-year-old man who underwent deceased-donor transplantation. the patient experienced delayed graft function and new-onset diabetes within 1 week after transplantation. four weeks after transplantation, he was readmitted because of allograft dysfunction without fever or pain. ultrasonography showed enlarged allograft w ...201424656029
[cutaneous mucormycosis caused by rhizopus microsporus].mucormycosis are rare fungal infections occurring chiefly in the lung or the rhinocerebral compartment, particularly in patients with immunodeficiency or mellitus diabetes. we report the case of an elderly patient with cutaneous mucormycosis caused by rhizopus microsporus.201424635954
rapid screening for human-pathogenic mucorales using rolling circle amplification.mucormycosis has emerged as a relatively common severe mycosis in patients with haematological and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. source of transmission is from unidentified sources in the environment. early diagnosis of infection and its source of contamination are paramount for rapid and appropriate therapy. in this study, rolling circle amplification (rca) is introduced as a sensitive, specific and reproducible isothermal dna amplification technique for rapid molecular identification o ...201425187214
[rhinoorbitocerebral zygomycosis caused by rhizopus microsporus in a roe deer (capreolus capreolus)].an one-year-old male roe deer (capreolus capreolus) with abnormal behaviour was shot in order to exclude rabies virus infection. the 12.8 kg weighing animal was emaciated and revealed an asymmetric head with protruding left eye and expositional keratitis. there was a grey whitish soft mass within the caudal nasal cavity, which had infiltrated the frontal cerebrum through the cribriform plate and the retrobulbar tissue through the orbita. histologically, the mass consisted of a chronic granulomat ...201425080823
[state of fungal lipases of rhizopus microsporus, penicillium sp. and oospora lactis in border layers water-solid phase and factors affecting catalytic properties of enzymes].we demonstrated that a change in the catalytic activity of fungal lipases synthesized by rhizopus microsporus, penicillium sp. and oospora lactis and their ability to absorb on different sorbents depended on the nature of groups on the solid phase surface in the model systems water: lipid and water: solid phase. thus, the stability of penicillium sp. lipases increased 85% in the presence ofsorsilen or deae-cellulose, and 55% of their initial activity respectively was preserved. in the presence o ...201526596088
purification and characterisation of a fibrinolytic enzyme from rhizopus microsporus var. tuberosus.extracellular fibrinolytic enzyme from rhizopus microsporus var. tuberosus was purified and characterised. the microorganism was isolated in a distillery from daqu, a fermentative agent used in the production of chinese liquor and vinegar at different temperatures. the fibrinolytic enzyme was partially purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis, deae sepharose(®) fast flow ion exchange chromatography and sephadex g-75 gel filtration chromatography. the molecular mass of the fibrinolyti ...201527904355
differentiation of clinically relevant mucorales rhizopus microsporus and r. arrhizus by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms).this study addresses the usefulness of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (maldi-tof) ms for reliable identification of the two most frequently occurring clinical species of rhizopus, namely rhizopus arrhizus with its two varieties, arrhizus and delemar, and rhizopus microsporus. the test-set comprised 38 isolates of clinical and environmental origin previously identified by internal transcribed spacer (its) sequencing of rdna. multi-locus sequence data targeting three ge ...201526002944
draft genome sequences of symbiotic and nonsymbiotic rhizopus microsporus strains cbs 344.29 and atcc 62417.specific rhizopus microsporus pathovars harbor bacterial endosymbionts (burkholderia rhizoxinica) for the production of a phytotoxin. here, we present the draft genome sequences of two r. microsporus strains, one symbiotic (atcc 62417), and one endosymbiont-free (cbs 344.29). the gene predictions were supported by rna sequencing (rna-seq) data. the functional annotation sets the basis for comparative analyses.201525614557
structure, genetics and function of an exopolysaccharide produced by a bacterium living within fungal hyphae.the rice seedling blight fungus rhizopus microsporus has an unusual symbiosis with a bacterium, burkholderia rhizoxinica, which lives within the fungal cytosol and produces a potent phytotoxin that causes severe losses in agriculture. to gain insight into symbiosis factors we investigated the endosymbiont's exopolysaccharide (eps), a secreted matrix that plays pivotal roles in mediating cell-environment interactions. by a combination of homo- and heteronuclear 2d nmr experiments, we elucidated a ...201525530287
comparative study of fungal strains for thermostable inulinase production.fructose and fructo-oligosaccharides (fos) are important ingredients in the food industry. fructose is considered an alternative sweetener to sucrose because it has higher sweetening capacity and increases iron absorption in children, and fos's are a source of dietary fiber with a bifidogenic effect. both compounds can be obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of inulin. however, inulin presents limited solubility at room temperature, thus, fructose and fos production is carried out at 60°c. therefore ...201525454696
hypersensitivity pneumonitis in a cluster of sawmill workers: a 10-year follow-up of exposure, symptoms, and lung function.the long-term prognosis of repeated acute episodes of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (hp) is not well described. we report on a 10-year follow-up of a 10-person cluster from a norwegian sawmill who had all experienced relapsing episodes of hp.201524999852
in vitro activity of isavuconazole and comparators against clinical isolates of the mucorales order.the in vitro activity of isavuconazole against mucorales isolates measured by eucast e.def 9.2 and clsi m38-a2 methodologies was investigated in comparison with those of amphotericin b, posaconazole, and voriconazole. seventy-two isolates were included: 12 of lichtheimia corymbifera, 5 of lichtheimia ramosa, 5 of group i and 9 of group ii of mucor circinelloides, 9 of rhizomucor pusillus, 26 of rhizopus microsporus, and 6 of rhizopus oryzae. species identification was confirmed by internal trans ...201526438494
microbial diversity in bioaerosol samples causing odts compared to reference bioaerosol samples as measured using illumina sequencing and maldi-tof.the importance of the microbial diversity of bioaerosols in relation to occupational exposure and work related health symptoms is not known. the aim of this paper is to gain knowledge on the bacterial and fungal communities in dust causing organic dust toxic syndrome (odts) and in reference dust not causing odts. bacterial and fungal communities were described in personal exposure samples from grass seed workers developing odts, in dust generated from grass seeds causing odts and in dust generat ...201525880607
a prospective study of mucormycosis in north india: experience from a tertiary care hospital.mucormycosis is an emerging angioinvasive infection caused by the ubiquitous filamentous fungi of the order mucorales and class of mucormycetes. we conducted a prospective study of 38 patients who were diagnosed as having mucormycosis in a tertiary care hospital during january 2010 to june 2011. the cases were analyzed regarding the site of involvement, underlying disease and species of fungi isolated, antifungal susceptibility pattern of the isolates, and outcome of therapy. the mean age of the ...201525587084
effects of essential oil combinations on pathogenic yeasts and moulds.essential oils (eos) can be used as alternative or complementary antifungal agents against human pathogenic moulds and yeasts. to reduce the effective dose of antimicrobial agents, eos are combined which can lead to synergistic or additive effect. in this study the anti-yeast and anti-mould activities of selected eos were investigated, alone and in combinations, against clinical isolates of candida albicans, c. parapsilosis, aspergillus fumigatus, a. terreus, rhizopus microsporus, fusarium solan ...201627165531
discrimination of aspergillosis, mucormycosis, fusariosis, and scedosporiosis in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens by use of multiple real-time quantitative pcr assays.in a retrospective multicenter study, 102 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (ffpe) tissue specimens with histopathology results were tested. two 4- to 5-μm ffpe tissue sections from each specimen were digested with proteinase k, followed by automated nucleic acid extraction. multiple real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) assays targeting the internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) region of ribosomal dna, using fluorescently labeled primers, was performed to identify clinically important genera and spec ...201627605714
stress response in medically important mucorales.mucorales are saprobes, ubiquitously distributed and able to infect a heterogeneous population of human hosts. the fungi require robust stress responses to survive in human host. we tested the growth of mucorales in the presence of different abiotic stress. eight pathogenic species of mucorales, including rhizopus arrhizus, rhizopus microsporus, rhizomucor pusillus, apophysomyces elegans, licthemia corymbifera, cunninghamella bertholletiae, syncephalastrum racemosum and mucor racemosus, were exp ...201627292160
new insight into microbial diversity and functions in traditional vietnamese alcoholic fermentation.the roles of microorganisms in traditional alcoholic fermentation are often assumed based on abundance in the starter and activity in pure culture. there is a serious lack of hard evidence on the behavior and activity of individual microbial species during the actual fermentation process. in this study, microbial succession and metabolite changes during 7days of traditional vietnamese alcoholic fermentation were monitored. special attention was devoted to starch degradation. in total, 22 microbi ...201627236224
disseminated mucormycosis with cerebral involvement owing to rhizopus microsporus in a kidney recipient treated with combined liposomal amphotericin b and posaconazole therapy.three months after a kidney transplant, a man experienced an internuclear ophthalmoplegia. magnetic resonance imaging found a punctuate hyperintensity of the brainstem. afterwards, the patient presented with peripheral facial paralysis. a complete morphologic assessment showed an increase of the brainstem lesion, together with an excavated pulmonary nodule. combination therapy with high-dose liposomal amphotericin b and voriconazole was begun for the putative aspergillosis. owing to its atypical ...201625275881
identification of mucorales from clinical specimens: a 4-year experience in a single institution.mucormycosis, a fatal opportunistic infection in immunocompromised hosts, is caused by fungi belonging to the order mucorales. early diagnosis based on exact identification and multidisciplinary treatments is critical. however, identification of mucorales fungi is difficult and often delayed, resulting in poor prognosis. this study aimed to compare the results of phenotypic and molecular identification of 12 mucorales isolates collected from 4-yr-accumulated data. all isolates were identified on ...201626522761
cutaneous mucormycosis as result of insulin administration in an aml patient: case report and review of the literature.we present a case of cutaneous mucormycosis in a patient with several important risk factors precipitating disease, namely underlying acute myeloid leukaemia and poorly controlled secondary diabetes. inoculation was most likely caused by repeated minor trauma (insulin injection) at the site of infection. treatment consisted of surgical debridement and liposomal amphotericin b (lamb) during 71 days. posaconazole had already been initiated prior to infection as primary antifungal prophylaxis but w ...201628019140
lipid metabolic changes in an early divergent fungus govern the establishment of a mutualistic symbiosis with endobacteria.the recent accumulation of newly discovered fungal-bacterial mutualisms challenges the paradigm that fungi and bacteria are natural antagonists. to understand the mechanisms that govern the establishment and maintenance over evolutionary time of mutualisms between fungi and bacteria, we studied a symbiosis of the fungus rhizopus microsporus (mucoromycotina) and its burkholderia endobacteria. we found that nonhost r. microsporus, as well as other mucoralean fungi, interact antagonistically with e ...201627956601
case of early-disseminated rhizopus microsporus var. microsporus mucormycosis in a renal transplant patient.mucormycosis is a rare infection caused by the ubiquitous filamentous fungi of the order mucorales and class zygomycetes. these species are vasotropic, causing rapid onset of tissue infarctions and necrosis and subsequent thrombosis by invading vascular bed. the disease spectrum ranges from involvement of skin, sinuses, lung, and brain to disseminated and mostly fatal infections, especially in immunocompromised hosts. here, we present a case of a fatal disseminated mucormycosis in a 56-year-old ...201627354831
efficient enantioselective biocatalytic production of a chiral intermediate of sitagliptin by a newly filamentous fungus isolate.(s)-3-hydroxy-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-7(8h)-yl)-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butan-1-one ((s)-htpp) is a crucial intermediate for the synthesis of sitagliptin. a fungal strain zjph1308, capable of the biocatalysis of ketoamide 4-oxo-4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-7(8h)-yl]-1-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butan-2-one (otpp) to (s)-htpp with excellent enantioselectivity, was isolated from a soil sample and identified as rhizopus micro ...201627184255
the environmental source of emerging apophysomyces variabilis infection in india.the rare mucoraceous fungus, apophysomyces species complex ranks second after rhizopus arrhizus causing mucormycosis in india. the source of this agent in the environment is not clearly known. we conducted an environmental study to find its presence in indian soil. the soil samples from different geographical locations were analyzed for isolation of mucorales. rhizopus arrhizus (24.6%) was most commonly isolated from soil, followed by lichtheimia spp. (23.2%), cunninghamella spp. (21.7%), rhizop ...201627118802
characterization of a thermotolerant phytase produced by rhizopus microsporus var. microsporus biofilm on an inert support using sugarcane bagasse as carbon source.the rhizopus microsporus var. microsporus biofilm was able to produce increased levels of an extracellular thermotolerant phytase using polyethylene and viscose as an inert support in both modified nbrip medium and modified khanna medium containing sugarcane bagasse as the carbon source. the enzyme production was strictly regulated by the phosphorus content with optimal production at 0.5 mm of sodium phytate and kh2po4. the extracellular phytase, rmphy1, was purified 4.18-fold with 4.78 % recove ...201626906117
hospital outbreak of pulmonary and cutaneous zygomycosis due to contaminated linen items from substandard laundry.healthcare laundry-related infection is rare, and pulmonary zygomycosis due to contaminated hospital linens has never been reported.201626668339
fungal and herbivore elicitation of the novel maize sesquiterpenoid, zealexin a4, is attenuated by elevated co2.chemical isolation and nmr-based structure elucidation revealed a novel keto-acidic sesquiterpenoid, termed zealexin a4 (za4). za4 is elicited by pathogens and herbivory, but attenuated by heightened levels of co 2 . the identification of the labdane-related diterpenoids, termed kauralexins and acidic sesquiterpenoids, termed zealexins, demonstrated the existence of at least ten novel stress-inducible maize metabolites with diverse antimicrobial activity. despite these advances, the identity of ...201729260396
Refresh
firstprev
123
nextlast
Displaying items 101 - 200 of 212