Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted ascending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
antimicrobial actions of a-mangostin against oral streptococci.the increasing prevalence of dental caries is making it more of a major world health problem. caries is the direct result of acid production by cariogenic oral bacteria, especially streptococcus mutans. new and better antimicrobial agents active against cariogenic bacteria are badly needed, especially natural agents derived directly from plants. we have evaluated the inhibitory actions of a-mangostin, a xanthone purified from ethanolic extracts of the tropical plant garcinia mangostana l., by re ...201121358763
microbial metabolism of a-mangostin isolated from garcinia mangostana l.a-mangostin (1), a prenylated xanthone isolated from the fruit hull of garcinia mangostana l., was individually metabolized by two fungi, colletotrichum gloeosporioides (eyl131) and neosartorya spathulata (eyr042), repectively. incubation of 1 with c. gloeosporioides (eyl131) gave four metabolites which were identified as mangostin 3-sulfate (2), mangostanin 6-sulfate (3), 17,18-dihydroxymangostanin 6-sulfate (4)and isomangostanin 3-sulfate (5). compound 2 was also formed by incubation with n. s ...201121377704
a-mangostin induces apoptosis in human chondrosarcoma cells through downregulation of erk/jnk and akt signaling pathway.chondrosarcoma is a malignant primary bone tumor that is resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. a-mangostin, a component of garcinia mangostana linn, is a xanthone derivative shown to have antioxidant and antitumor properties. this study is the first to investigate anticancer effects of a-mangostin in the human chondrosarcoma cell line sw1353. we showed that a-mangostin inhibited cell proliferation of sw1353 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner by using the trypan blue exclusion ...201121446759
comparative effect of lactobacillus casei and a commercial mangosteen dietary supplement on body weight gain and antibody response to newcastle disease virus vaccine in fighting roosters.abstract the aim of the present study was to compare the effect of lactobacillus casei and a commercial mixed combination of fruit juice that included garcinia mangostana fruit extract on body weight gain from 7 to 90 days of age, on the antibody response 23 days after vaccination against newcastle disease virus (ndv), and on the mortality in fighting roosters. fifty-four 7-day-old birds were randomly distributed into three groups (treated with l. casei, g. mangostana, and saline solution [lc, g ...201121548799
alpha-mangostin extracted from the pericarp of the mangosteen (garcinia mangostana linn) reduces tumor growth and lymph node metastasis in an immunocompetent xenograft model of metastatic mammary cancer carrying a p53 mutation.abstract: background: the mangosteen fruit has a long history of medicinal use in chinese and ayurvedic medicine. recently, the compound alpha-mangostin, which is isolated from the pericarp of the fruit, was shown to induce cell death in various types of cancer cells in vitro studies. this led us to investigate the antitumor growth and antimetastatic activities of alpha-mangostin in an immunocompetent xenograft model of mouse metastatic mammary cancer having a p53 mutation that induces a metasta ...201121639868
cytotoxic effect of xanthones from pericarp of the tropical fruit mangosteen (garcinia mangostana linn.) on human melanoma cells.mangosteen (garcinia mangostana linn.) is a tropical tree from south east asia and its fruit pericarp is a well-known traditional medicine. in this study, the cytotoxic effect of three xanthone compounds (+¦-mangostin, +¦-mangostin, and 8-deoxygartanin) from mangosteen pericarp was investigated using the human melanoma sk-mel-28 cell line. significant dose-dependent reduction in % cell viability was induced. +¦-mangostin and 8-deoxygartanine at 5++g/ml increased the cell cycle arrest in g(1) pha ...201121723363
antifibrotic constituents from garcinia mangostana.from the chcl3-soluble fraction of the fruits of garcinia mangostana (clusiaceae), six xanthone derivatives, alpha-mangostin (1), gamma-mangostin (2), gartanin (3), deoxygartanin (4), 1-isomangstanin (5) and garcinone e (6), were isolated. all these compounds significantly inhibited hsc-t6 viability as assessed by employing hsc-t6 hepatic stellate cells as an in vitro assay system. among them, compounds 1 and 2, the most potent and major constituents of g. mangostana, inhibited hsc-t6 viability ...201121941895
xanthones from mangosteen extracts as natural chemopreventive agents: potential anticancer drugs.despite decades of research, the treatment and management of malignant tumors still remain a formidable challenge for public health. new strategies for cancer treatment are being developed, and one of the most promising treatment strategies involves the application of chemopreventive agents. the search for novel and effective cancer chemopreventive agents has led to the identification of various naturally occurring compounds. xanthones, from the pericarp, whole fruit, heartwood, and leaf of mang ...201121902651
the classical drug discovery approach to defining bioactive constituents of botanicals.in this review, several recently identified biologically active principles of selected botanical dietary supplement ingredients are described, and were isolated using classical phytochemical chromatographic methods, with various spectroscopic procedures used for their isolation and structure elucidation. a central component of such an approach is "activity-guided fractionation" to monitor the compound purification process. in vitro assays germane to cancer chemoprevention were used to facilitate ...201120804827
γ-mangostin increases serotonin 2a/2c, muscarinic, histamine and bradykinin receptor mrna expression.γ-mangostin is a xanthone found in the fruit hulls of garcinia mangostana l., which have long been used in southeast asia as a traditional medicine for the treatment of abdominal pain, dysentery, wound infections, fever and convulsions. recent studies have revealed that γ-mangostin exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities, including serotonin 2 (5-ht(2)) receptor antagonism, anti-inflammatory effects and analgesic effects. to explore the mechanism of γ-mangostin responsible for these pha ...201121440614
protein-binding and antioxidant potential of phenolics of mangosteen fruit (garcinia mangostana).phenolics were extracted from mangosteen fruit parts with 70% (v/v) aqueous acetone. the yield of crude extracts of phenolics (cp) ranged from 5.8% to 7.9%. the total phenolics (tph) content ranged from 9.3mg to over 250mg of gallic acid equivalents per g of extract in the edible aril and skin, respectively. the formation of phenolic-protein complexes was assayed by both the dye-labelled bovine serum albumin (bsa) and the fluorescence quenching methods. phenolics from peel and rind displayed a s ...201125212134
protective effect of α-mangostin on cardiac reperfusion damage by attenuation of oxidative stress.this study was designed to investigate if α-mangostin (α-m), a xanthone present in the pericarp of garcinia mangostana l., was able to protect against reperfusion injury in langendorff-reperfused hearts. it was observed that α-m maintains the cardiac mechanical work, diminishes the area of infarct, and prevents the decrease in cardiac atp and phosphocreatine levels in the reperfused myocardium. the protective effect of this xanthone was associated with reduction of oxidative stress. α-m treatmen ...201121942497
mangosteen (garcinia mangostana). 201121936448
combined microwave-assisted extraction and high-speed counter-current chromatography for separation and purification of xanthones from garcinia mangostana.a microwave-assisted extraction (mae) method is presented for the extraction of xanthones, α-mangostin and γ-mangostin from garcinia mangostana. the mae conditions including extraction temperature, liquid/solid ratio, extraction time and concentration of ethanol were optimized with an orthogonal test, and 5 g sample was extracted with the optimized conditions. the crude extraction of mae was successfully isolated and purified by high-speed counter-current chromatography (hsccc) with a two-phase ...201121925972
α-glucosidase inhibition and antihyperglycemic activity of prenylated xanthones from garcinia mangostana.an ethanol extract of the fruit case of garcinia mangostan, whose most abundant chemical species are xanthones, showed potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (ic(50)=3.2 μg/ml). a series of isolated xanthones (1-16) demonstrated modest to high inhibition of α-glucosidase with ic(50) values of 1.5-63.5 μm. in particular, one hitherto unknown xanthone 16 has a very rare 2-oxoethyl group on c-8. kinetic enzymatic assays with a p-nitrophenyl glucopyranoside indicated that one of them, compound (9) ...201121872893
[study on ultraviolet-screening effect of extracts from mangosteen (garcinia mangostana linn.) pericarp].to analyze the ultraviolet-screening of the n-butanol extracts of mangosteen pericarp and alpha-mangostin, compare the ultraviolet-screening effect of the extracts with rutin and ultramicro-titanium dioxide (tio2).201121861360
two new xanthones from the pericarp of garcinia mangostana.two new xanthones, 3-hydroxy-6-methoxy-5'-isopropyl-4',5'-dihydrofuro[2',3' : 7, 8]-6″,6″-dimethyl-4″,5″-dihydropyrano[2″,3″ : 1,2]xanthone (1) and 1,6-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-8-(3-methylbut-3-enyl)-6',6'-dimethyl-4',5'-dihydropyrano[2'3' : 3,2]xanthone (2), were isolated from the pericarp of garcinia mangostana. their structures were elucidated by spectral means (1-d and 2-d nmr, ms).201221809952
α-mangostin induces apoptosis and suppresses differentiation of 3t3-l1 cells via inhibiting fatty acid synthase.α-mangostin, isolated from the hulls of garcinia mangostana l., was found to have in vitro cytotoxicity against 3t3-l1 cells as well as inhibiting fatty acid synthase (fas, ec 2.3.1.85). our studies showed that the cytotoxicity of α-mangostin with ic(50) value of 20 µm was incomplicated in apoptotic events including increase of cell membrane permeability, nuclear chromatin condensation and mitochondrial membrane potential (δψm) loss. this cytotoxicity was accompanied by the reduction of fas acti ...201222428036
benzophenone synthase from garcinia mangostana l. pericarps.the cdna of a benzophenone synthase (bps), a type iii polyketide synthase (pks), was cloned and the recombinant protein expressed from the fruit pericarps of garcinia mangostana l., which contains mainly prenylated xanthones. the obtained gmbps showed an amino acid sequence identity of 77-78% with other plant bpss belonging to the same family (clusiaceae). the recombinant enzyme produced 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzophenone as the predominant product with benzoyl coa as substrate. it also accepted other ...201222390826
antiproliferative effect of α-mangostin on canine osteosarcoma cells.osteosarcoma is the most frequently diagnosed primary bone tumor in dog. since chemotherapeutics are quite limited due to high cost and severe toxicity, therefore, the ultimate goal is to discover cost-effective therapeutics with less toxicity. we have studied the effect of α-mangostin, a xanthone derivative isolated from pericarp of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana linn.) in canine osteosarcoma, d-17 cells. the results showed that α-mangostin induced antiproliferation with ic(50) at 15 μg/ml. ho ...201222342127
xanthones as antioxidants: a theoretical study on the thermodynamics and kinetics of the single electron transfer mechanism.mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) is considered the queen of the tropical fruits. it has a dark red pericarp that is rich in bioactive compounds including xanthones, which have been classified as very good antioxidants from several experimental results. in this work, the antioxidant properties of twenty xanthones isolated from the pericarp of garcinia mangostana are studied considering the single electron transfer mechanism (set). according to their most acidic pk(a) value, under physiological co ...201222327405
mangosteen leaf extract increases melanogenesis in b16f1 melanoma cells by stimulating tyrosinase activity in vitro and by up-regulating tyrosinase gene expression.melanin synthesis is stimulated by various effectors, including α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-msh), cyclic amp (camp)-elevating agents (forskolin, isobutylmethylxantine, glycyrrhizin) and ultraviolet light. our investigation focused on the identification of the melanogenic efficacy of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) leaf extract with regard to its effects on melanogenesis in b16f1 melanoma cells, since it has been known to possess strong anti-oxidant activities. the mangosteen leaf extrac ...201222089762
[optimize technique of extracting alpha-mangostin from pericarp of garcinia mangostana by supersonic wave using central composite design-response surface methodology].to optimize the extraction technique for alpha-mangostin from pericarp of garcinia mangostana.201223236835
single dose oral pharmacokinetic profile of α-mangostin in mice.the mangosteen fruit (garcinia mangostana) is a rich source of dietary xanthones with the most prominent being α-mangostin. dietary xanthones have been reported to have a variety of health promoting properties. until now, in vivo studies on the pharmacokinetic profile of α-mangostin are limited. for this study we employed an lc/ms/ms assay to determine the pharmacokinetic properties of α-mangostin suspension in cottonseed oil in c57bl/6 mice. mice were administered 100 mg/kg of α-mangostin by or ...201223140281
new "hyphenated" cpc-hplc-dad-ms strategy for simultaneous isolation, analysis and identification of phytochemicals: application to xanthones from garcinia mangostana.centrifugal partition chromatography (cpc) coupled online with high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) with diode-array detection (dad) and mass spectrometry (ms) is presented in this work. this strategy offers the possibility to obtain simultaneously cpc fractionation of natural extracts, the hplc fingerprint of separated fractions and structural information on molecules contained in each fraction. this new approach was applied to the fractionation and purification of xanthones from garci ...201223052874
mangosteen xanthones mitigate ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation in a mouse model of asthma.α- and γ-mangostin, which are the major xanthones purified from a mangosteen, garcinia mangostana linn., exhibit a wide range of anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. here, we assessed their therapeutic effects in a mouse model of ovalbumin (ova)-induced allergic asthma. animals were treated with α- and γ-mangostins orally for 3 days at doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg daily, 1h before the ova challenge. administration of α- and γ-mangostins significantly reduced the major pathophys ...201222943973
in vitro and in vivo anti-colon cancer effects of garcinia mangostana xanthones extract.xanthones are a group of oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds with remarkable pharmacological effects such as anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities.201222818000
inflammation-related disorders in the tryptophan catabolite pathway in depression and somatization.a recent study--comparing those with depression, somatization, comorbid depression+somatization, and controls--showed specific changes in the tryptophan catabolite (trycat) pathway in somatization, specifically lowered tryptophan and kynurenic acid, and increased kynurenine/kynurenic acid (ky/ka) and kynurenine/tryptophan ratios. these findings suggest that somatization and depression with somatization are characterized by increased activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and disorders in kynure ...201222814705
inhibition effects of mangosenone f from garcinia mangostana on melanin formation in b16f10 cells.melanogenesis can be controlled by tyrosinase inhibition or by blocking the maturation processes of tyrosinase and its related proteins. mangostenone f was isolated from the seedcases of garcinia mangostana . mangostenone f was shown to be inactive against tyrosinase (ic50 > 200 μm) but was a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor in vitro (ic50 = 21.0 μm). mangostenone f was found to inhibit production of melanin in the mouse melanoma cell line b16f10. importantly, unlike most glycosidase inhibitors, m ...201222779928
gamma-mangostin, a micronutrient of mangosteen fruit, induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cells.recently colorectal cancer rates have increased rapidly in taiwan. the treatment of colorectal cancer includes surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) is a famous asian tropical fruit. γ-mangostin is a xanthone derivative isolated from the fruit hull. in previous studies, we found evidence of anti-inflammatory and anti-brain tumor activities in γ-mangostin. in this study, we performed further studies to assess the apoptotic effects of γ-mangostin on colorect ...201222759914
anti-skin cancer properties of phenolic-rich extract from the pericarp of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana linn.).skin cancers are often resistant to conventional chemotherapy. this study examined the anti-skin cancer properties of crude ethanol extract of mangosteen pericarp (mpee) on human squamous cell carcinoma a-431 and melanoma sk-mel-28 lines. significant dose-dependent reduction in% viability was observed for these cell lines, with less effect on human normal skin fibroblast ccd-1064sk and keratinocyte hacat cell lines. cell distribution in g(1) phase (93%) significantly increased after 10 μg/ml of ...201222705325
fruit pod extracts as a source of nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals.fruit pods contain various beneficial compounds that have biological activities and can be used as a source of pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products. although pods or pericarps are usually discarded when consuming the edible parts of fruits, they contain some compounds that exhibit biological activities after extraction. most fruit pods included in this review contain polyphenolic components that can promote antioxidant effects on human health. additionally, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, ...201223052712
anthelminthic properties of mangostin and mangostin diacetate.few anthelminthic drugs are available for human use despite the significant burden caused by helminth infections. we studied the activities of mangostin, a major bioactive xanthone isolated from the pericarp and fruit of garcinia mangostana and of the synthetic derivative mangostin diacetate. mangostin and mangostin diacetate lacked activity against the nematodes heligmosomoides polygyrus (third-stage larvae (l3)), ancylostoma ceylanicum l3, and trichuris muris adults and showed only low activit ...201222265670
α-mangostin reduced er stress-mediated tumor growth through autophagy activation.α-mangostin is a xanthon derivative contained in the fruit hull of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.), and the administration of α-mangostin inhibited the growth of transplanted colon cancer, her/ct26 cells which expressed her-2/neu as tumor antigen. although α-mangostin was reported to have inhibitory activity against sarco/endoplasmic reticulum ca(2+) atpase like thapsigargin, it showed different activity for autophagy regulation. in the current study, we found that α-mangostin induced autoph ...201223396851
phytochemical, antimicrobial and antiprotozoal evaluation of garcinia mangostana pericarp and α-mangostin, its major xanthone derivative.five xanthone derivatives and one flavanol were isolated from the dichloromethane extract of garcinia mangostana. dichloromethane, ethyl acetate extract and the major xanthone (α-mangostin) were evaluated in vitro against erythrocytic schizonts of plasmodium falciparum, intracellular amastigotes of leishmania infantum and trypanosoma cruzi and free trypomastigotes of t. brucei. the major constituent α-mangostin was also checked for antimicrobial potential against candida albicans, escherichia co ...201324002136
optimized extraction and characterization of antimicrobial phenolic compounds from mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.) cultivation and processing waste.applications for antimicrobials derived from the mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.) plant are presently restricted by high production costs. extraction from cultivation or processing waste streams using a solvent-free approach could lessen to permit commercial applications in food processing and preservation.201323801044
histopathological changes in tissues of bithynia siamensis goniomphalos incubated in crude extracts of camellia seed and mangosteen pericarp.the present study was performed to observe histopathological changes in tissues of bithynia siamensis goniomphalos (gastropoda, bithyniidae) incubated in crude extract solutions of camellia (camellia oleifera) seed and mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) pericarp, and furthermore to estimate the molluscicidal effects of 2 plant substances. substantial numbers of bithyniid snails were incubated in various concentrations of 2 plant solution for 24 hr. as the positive control, snails incubated in vari ...201324327779
antimalarial activities of medicinal plants and herbal formulations used in thai traditional medicine.malaria is one of the world's leading killer infectious diseases with high incidence and morbidity. the problem of multidrug-resistant plasmodium falciparum has been aggravating particularly in southeast asia. therefore, development of new potential antimalarial drugs is urgently required. the present study aimed to investigate antimalarial activities of a total of 27 medicinal plants and 5 herbal formulations used in thai traditional medicine against chloroquine-resistant (k1) and chloroquine-s ...201323340720
thai herbal formulas used for wound treatment: a study of their antibacterial potency, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity effects.this present work was aimed to investigate wound healing-related biologic activities of traditional herbal formulas used for wound treatment in southern thailand.201323363309
rapid bactericidal action of alpha-mangostin against mrsa as an outcome of membrane targeting.the emergence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) has created the need for better therapeutic options. in this study, five natural xanthones were extracted and purified from the fruit hull of garcinia mangostana and their antimicrobial properties were investigated. α-mangostin was identified as the most potent among them against gram-positive pathogens (mic=0.78-1.56 μg/ml) which included two mrsa isolates. α-mangostin also exhibited rapid in vitro bactericidal activity (3-log ...201322982495
antibacterial activity of xanthones from garcinia mangostana (l.) and their structure-activity relationship studies.antibacterial activities of prenylated xanthones from garcinia mangostana and their synthetic analogues were investigated, and their structure-activity relationships have been studied. γ-mangostin has shown antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus (mssa), vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (vre) and vancomycin-sensitive enterococcus (vse) strains at mics 3.13, 6.25, 6.25 and 6.25 µg ml(-1), respectively. in thes ...201322494050
a new xanthone from the pericarp of garcinia mangostana.a new prenylxanthone, garcimangostanol (1), was isolated from the etoac-soluble partition of the ethanol extract of the pericarp of garcinia mangostana l., along with three known compounds, namely 8-deoxygartanin (2), 1-isomangostin (3), and garcinone c (4). the structure of compound 1 was elucidated on the basis of its 1d, 2d nmr and ms data. compounds 1-4 exhibited either significant o r moderate cytotoxicity against mcf-7, a549, hep-g2 and cnehuman cancer cell lines in vitro with ic50 values ...201324555285
in vivo toxicity and antitumor activity of mangosteen extract.mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) has been widely used in the traditional medicine of thailand to treat various ailments, especially diseases of the digestive system and infections. many reports show antiproliferation of crude extracts and active constituents from mangosteen against many cancer cell lines. therefore, the current study is proposed to demonstrate in vivo evidence on the antitumor activity of mangosteen. crude methanolic extract (cme) from mangosteen pericarp including 25.19 % α-man ...201322622784
anti-angiogenic effect of α-mangostin.eleven known prenyl xanthones, isolated from the pericarp of garcinia mangostana, were tested for their ability to inhibit the phosphorylation of kinase domain receptor (kdr) tyrosine kinase. α-mangostin was found to inhibit phosphorylation of kdr. α-mangostin also showed to inhibit phosphorylation of the y1175 residue of kdr (10 μm). this is the first report that α-mangostin inhibited the phosphorylation of kdr tyrosine kinase and also the y1175 residue of kdr. α-mangostin also showed inhibitor ...201322382862
phytochemicals content, antioxidant activity and acetylcholinesterase inhibition properties of indigenous garcinia parvifolia fruit.garcinia parvifolia belongs to the same family as mangosteen (garcinia mangostana), which is known locally in sabah as "asam kandis" or cherry mangosteen. the present study was conducted to determine the phytochemicals content (total phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and carotenoid content) and antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity of the flesh and peel of g. parvifolia. all samples were freeze-dried and extracted using 80% methanol and distilled water. for the 80% methanol ex ...201324288662
immunomodulatory activities of alpha-mangostin on peripheral blood mononuclear cells.mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.) a tropical fruit, has been used in traditional medicine. a frequently used part of mangosteen is the pericarp, containing a high content of xanthones. alpha-mangostin, one of the major xanthone derivatives, exhibits a variety of actions, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic and antitumor; however, its function on the immune system is still equivocal. this study aimed to examine the immunomodulatory activities of alpha-mangostin on lymphocyte lineage ...201324273861
a concise and efficient total synthesis of α-mangostin and β-mangostin from garcinia mangostana.the concise, efficient synthesis of alpha-mangostin is described in eight simple steps with 8.3% overall yield. highlights include a practical approach to construct the isopentene groups and other diverse groups at c-2 and c-8 of the xanthene skeleton through claisen rearrangement and wittig reaction. meanwhile the first total synthesis of beta-mangostin is presented with a similar approach.201324079178
biological activities and bioavailability of mangosteen xanthones: a critical review of the current evidence.mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.) is a tropical tree native to southeast asia that produces a fruit whose pericarp contains a family of tricyclic isoprenylated polyphenols referred to as xanthones. numerous in vitro studies have shown that these xanthones possess anti-oxidant, anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activities. aggressive marketing of such health promoting benefits has resulted in mangosteen's classification as a "superfruit". this has led to ...201323945675
antitumour and free radical scavenging effects of γ-mangostin isolated from garcinia mangostana pericarps against hepatocellular carcinoma cell.liver cancer is one of the highest rate diseases in southeastern asia. recently, many of functional foods and alternative medicines are very popularly utilized to prevent chronic diseases and cancer in taiwan. in this study, we wanted to select and develop some of novel effectual agents or phytochemicals of γ-mangostin for clinical management or prevent hepatocellular carcinoma cell (hcc).201323927480
antileptospiral activity of xanthones from garcinia mangostana and synergy of gamma-mangostin with penicillin g.leptospirosis, one of the most widespread zoonotic infectious diseases worldwide, is caused by spirochetes bacteria of the genus leptospira. the present study examined inhibitory activity of purified xanthones and crude extracts from garcinia mangostana against both non-pathogenic and pathogenic leptospira. synergy between γ-mangostin and penicillin g against leptospires was also determined.201323866810
α-mangostin suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced invasion by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 and increasing e-cadherin expression through extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling in pancreatic cancer cells.invasion and metastasis are major factors in the poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer, which remains one of the most aggressive and lethal diseases worldwide. α-mangostin, a major xanthone compound identified in the pericarp of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana, linn; gml), possesses unique biological activities, including antioxidant, antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects. whether α-mangostin is able to inhibit the invasive ability of pancreatic cancer cells has not been elucidated. in the prese ...201323833675
inhibitory effects of α-mangostin on mammalian dna polymerase, topoisomerase, and human cancer cell proliferation.we found that the ethanol extract of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.) fruit rind had a strong inhibitory effect on mammalian dna polymerase (pol) activity and isolated α-mangostin as a potent pol inhibitor from the extract. in this study, the inhibitory activities against mammalian pols by α-mangostin and its related five compounds, 3-isomangostin, xanthone, 9,10-anthraquinone, 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid, and anthracene, were investigated. α-mangostin was the most potent inhibitor of the mam ...201323811100
polyphenols from the mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) fruit for breast and prostate cancer.the mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) is a tropical fruit native to southeast asia and has long been reported to contain multiple health promoting properties. this fruit is an abundant source of xanthones, a class of polyphenolic compounds with a distinctive tricyclic aromatic ring system and is largely responsible for its biological activities including anti-cancer activity. herein we describe the anti-cancer activity and mechanisms of mangosteen polyphenolic xanthones including α-mangostin agai ...201323805102
isogarcinol is a new immunosuppressant.calcineurin (cn), a unique protein phosphatase, plays an important role in immune regulation. in this study we used cn as a target enzyme to investigate the immunosuppressive properties of a series of natural compounds from garcinia mangostana l., and discovered an active compound, isogarcinol. enzymatic assays showed that isogarcinol inhibited cn in a dose-dependent manner. at concentrations resulting in relatively low cytotoxicity isogarcinol significantly inhibited proliferation of murine spl ...201323785505
efficacy and tolerability of a novel herbal formulation for weight management.to evaluate the efficacy of an herbal blend.201323784895
efficacy and tolerability of an herbal formulation for weight management.the clinical effects and tolerability of a novel herbal formulation comprising the extracts of sphaeranthus indicus and garcinia mangostana were assessed in two similarly designed randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trials in 100 human subjects with a body mass index (bmi) between 30 and 40 kg/m². participants were randomized into two groups receiving either 400 mg of herbal blend twice daily or two identical placebo capsules. all subjects received three meals (2000 kcal/day) ...201323767862
γ-mangostin from garcinia mangostana pericarps as a dual agonist that activates both pparα and pparδ.we tested the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (ppar)δ agonistic activity of a garcinia mangostana pericarp extract to develop a treatment for the metabolic syndrome, and demonstrated γ-mangostin to be an active compound on the basis of a luciferase reporter gene assay. γ-mangostin induced the expression of the uncoupling protein-3 (ucp-3) gene which is related to energy expenditure and fat metabolism in l6 cells. we showed that γ-mangostin is a dual agonist that activates both pparδ a ...201324317060
the effect of gartanin, a naturally occurring xanthone in mangosteen juice, on the mtor pathway, autophagy, apoptosis, and the growth of human urinary bladder cancer cell lines.garcinia mangostana, often referred to as mangosteen, is a fruit grown in southeast asia and has been used for centuries as a local beverage and natural medicine. its bioactive compounds, xanthones (i.e., gartanin, α-mangostin, etc), have reported effects on ailments ranging from skin infections and inflammation to urinary tract infections. we demonstrate that mangosteen xanthones (i.e., gartanin and α-mangostin) at pharmacologically achievable concentrations inhibit the growth of cancer cell li ...201323682785
electrospun chitosan-based nanofiber mats loaded with garcinia mangostana extracts.the aim of this study was to prepare electrospun chitosan-based nanofiber mats and to incorporate the fruit hull of garcinia mangostana (gm) extracts into the mats. chitosan-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid/polyvinyl alcohol (cs-edta/pva) was selected as the polymers. the gm extracts with 1, 2 and 3 wt% α-mangostin were incorporated into the cs-edta/pva solution and electrospun to obtain nanofibers. the morphology and diameters of the mats were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (sem). t ...201323680732
pharmacokinetic properties of pure xanthones in comparison to a mangosteen fruit extract in rats.the xanthones α-mangostin and γ-mangostin are the major bioactive compounds in garcinia mangostana (mangosteen) fruit extracts. previously, we reported the pharmacokinetic properties of α-mangostin in rats. the purpose of this follow-up study was to compare the pharmacokinetic characteristics of α-mangostin and γ-mangostin in rats if administered as either a pure compound or as a component of a mangosteen fruit extract. the absolute bioavailability of γ-mangostin when administered as a pure comp ...201323673465
distribution of major xanthones in the pericarp, aril, and yellow gum of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana linn.) fruit and their contribution to antioxidative activity.xanthone compounds in mangosteen (garcinia mangostana linn.) fruit have been reported to have biological activities including antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, and the major xanthone compounds in mangosteen are α-mangostin and γ-mangostin. the objectives of this research were to quantify and qualify the major xanthones in each part of the mangosteen fruit with and without yellow gum from the point of view of effective utilization of agricultural product. quantitative evaluation reveal ...201323649258
α-mangostin: a dietary antioxidant derived from the pericarp of garcinia mangostana l. inhibits pancreatic tumor growth in xenograft mouse model.pancreatic cancer (pc) is the most aggressive malignant disease, ranking as the fourth most leading cause of cancer-related death among men and women in the united states. in this study, we provide evidence of chemotherapeutic effects of α-mangostin, a dietary antioxidant isolated from the pericarp of garcinia mangostana l. against human pc.201424295217
cytotoxic prenylated xanthones from the pericarps of garcinia mangostana.bioassay-guided fractionation of an ethanol extract of the pericarps of garcinia mangostana led to the isolation of two new prenylated xanthones, named 1,3,7-trihydroxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-8-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-xanthone (1) and 1,3,8-trihydroxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-4-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoyl)-xanthone (2), together with the five known compounds garcinones c (3) and d (4), gartanin (5), xanthone i (6), and γ-mangostin (7). their structures were elucidated primarily based on ms and n ...201424509722
comparison of the skin penetration of garcinia mangostana extract in particulate and non-particulate form.the aim of the present study was to solve the water insolubility limitation of the medically and cosmetically interesting substance garcinia mangostana linn (gml) extract by encapsulation, and to evaluate and investigate the penetration efficacy of free and encapsulated gml in two different vehicles (water and cream) in porcine ear skin. the follicular penetration depth was determined in 50 hair follicles for each of the four formulations by means of fluorescence microscopy. tape stripping was u ...201424321393
inhibition of autophagy augments the anticancer activity of α-mangostin in chronic myeloid leukemia cells.natural products possessing anticancer activity have been extensively studied because of their low toxicity and potential effect. α-mangostin, a component of garcinia mangostana linn, is a xanthone derivative shown to have antioxidant and antitumor properties. this study was carried out to investigate how to improve the anticancer effects of α-mangostin in chronic myeloid leukemia (cml) cell lines bearing wild-type bcr-abl or bcr-abl-t315i mutation. we showed that α-mangostin inhibited cell prol ...201423734655
in vitro antioxidant properties of mangosteen peel extract.the growing interest in the replacement of synthetic food antioxidants by natural ones has fostered research on the screening of plant-derived raw materials for identifying new antioxidants. the special attention of research today is focused on inexpensive or residual sources from agricultural industries. fruit peels as sources of powerful natural antioxidants are often the waste parts of various fruits from consumption and food industry. among the fruit peels, mangosteen peel is an important so ...201425477623
multifunctional effects of mangosteen pericarp on cognition in c57bl/6j and triple transgenic alzheimer's mice.mangosteen- (garcinia mangostana-) based nutraceutical compounds have long been reported to possess multiple health-promoting properties. the current study investigated whether mangosteen pericarp (mp) could attenuate cognitive dysfunction. first, we found that treatment with mp significantly reduced the cell death and increased the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) level in an organotypic hippocampal slice culture (ohsc). we then investigated the effects of age and mp diet on the cogniti ...201425525451
xanthones from mangosteen (garcinia mangostana): multi-targeting pharmacological properties.this review focuses on mangosteen pericarp extracts, xanthones and derivatives for the future laboratory experiment and development in pharmacological aspects.201425518194
inhibition of chop accentuates the apoptotic effect of α-mangostin from the mangosteen fruit (garcinia mangostana) in 22rv1 prostate cancer cells.the mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) fruit has been a popular food in southeast asia for centuries and is increasing in popularity in western countries. we identified α-mangostin as a primary phytochemical modulating er stress proteins in prostate cancer cells and propose that α-mangostin is responsible for exerting a biological effect in prostate cancer cells. two human prostate cancer cell lines, 22rv1 and lncap, and prostate epithelial cells procured from two patients undergoing radical prost ...201425261723
vasa vasorum anti-angiogenesis through h₂o₂, hif-1α, nf-κb, and inos inhibition by mangosteen pericarp ethanolic extract (garcinia mangostana linn) in hypercholesterol-diet-given rattus norvegicus wistar strain.oxidative stress in atherosclerosis produces h2o2 and triggers the activation of nuclear factor kappa beta (nf-κb) and increase of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos). the formation of vasa vasorum occurs in atherosclerosis. vasa vasorum angiogenesis is mediated by vegfr-1 and upregulated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (hif-1α). the newly formed vasa vasorum are fragile and immature and thus increase plaque instability. it is necessary to control vasa vasorum angiogenesis by using mangosteen ...201425187725
prenylated xanthones from mangosteen as promising cholinesterase inhibitors and their molecular docking studies.garcinia mangostana is a well-known tropical plant found mostly in south east asia. the present study investigated acetylcholinesterase (ache) and butyrylcholinesterase (bche) inhibitory activities of g. mangostana extract and its chemical constituents using ellman's colorimetric method. cholinesterase inhibitory-guided approach led to identification of six bioactive prenylated xanthones showing moderate to potent cholinesterases inhibition with ic50 values of lower than 20.5 μm. the most potent ...201425172794
anti-inflammatory effect of mangostenone f in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated raw264.7 macrophages by suppressing nf-κb and mapk activation.mangostenone f (mf) is a natural xanthone isolated from garcinia mangostana. however, little is known about the biological activities of mf. this study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and underlying molecular mechanisms of mf in lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated raw264.7 macrophages. mf dose-dependently inhibited the production of no, inos, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (tnf-α, il-6, and il-1β) in lps-stimulated raw264.7 macrophages. moreover, mf decreased the nf-κb l ...201425143806
cellular trafficking and anticancer activity of garcinia mangostana extract-encapsulated polymeric nanoparticles.garcinia mangostana linn extract (gme) is a natural product that has received considerable attention in cancer therapy, and has the potential to reduce side effects of chemotherapeutics and improve efficacy. we formulated gme-encapsulated ethyl cellulose (gme-ec) and a polymer blend of ethyl cellulose and methyl cellulose (gme-ec/mc) nanoparticles. we achieved high drug-loading and encapsulation efficiency using a solvent-displacement method with particle sizes around 250 nm. cellular uptake and ...201425125977
inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and invasion of b16-f10 melanoma cells by α-mangostin.in this study, we have evaluated the potential antineoplastic effects of α-mangostin (α-m), the most representative xanthone in garcinia mangostana pericarp, on melanoma cell lines. this xanthone markedly inhibits the proliferation of high-metastatic b16-f10 melanoma cells. furthermore, by deeply analyzing which steps in the metastatic process are influenced by xanthone it was observed that α-m strongly interferes with homotypic aggregation, adhesion, plasticity and invasion ability of b16-f10 c ...201425019992
α-mangostin suppresses human gastric adenocarcinoma cells in vitro via blockade of stat3 signaling pathway.to investigate the anti-tumor effects of α-mangostin, a major xanthone identified in the pericarp of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana linn), against human gastric adenocarcinoma cells in vitro, and the mechanisms of the effects.201424976157
stacking of a stearoyl-acp thioesterase with a dual-silenced palmitoyl-acp thioesterase and ∆12 fatty acid desaturase in transgenic soybean.soybean (glycine max (l.) merr) is valued for both its protein and oil, whose seed is composed of 40% and 20% of each component, respectively. given its high percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid and linolenic acid, soybean oil oxidative stability is relatively poor. historically food processors have employed a partial hydrogenation process to soybean oil as a means to improve both the oxidative stability and functionality in end-use applications. however, the hydrogenation pr ...201424909647
two new chemical constituents from the stem bark of garcinia mangostana.a detailed chemical study on the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of the stem bark of garcinia mangostana resulted in the successful isolation of one new prenylated xanthone, mangaxanthone b (1), one new benzophenone, mangaphenone (2), and two known xanthones, mangostanin (3) and mangostenol (4). the structures of these compounds were elucidated through analysis of their spectroscopic data obtained using 1d and 2d nmr and ms techniques.201424901833
neuroprotective effects of xanthone derivative of garcinia mangostana against lead-induced acetylcholinesterase dysfunction and cognitive impairment.lead poisoning is a common environmental toxicity and low level of lead exposure is responsible for neurobehavioral or intelligence defects. this study was designed to investigate the protective effect of a xanthone derivative of garcinia mangostana against lead-induced acetycholinesterase (ache) dysfunction and cognitive impairment in mice. icr mice were exposed to lead acetate (pb) in drinking water (1%) with or without xanthone co-administration (100 and 200mg/kgbw/day) for 38days. xanthone p ...201424795231
pharmacokinetic characterization of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) fruit extract standardized to α-mangostin in c57bl/6 mice.previously, we have reported the pharmacokinetic (pk) properties of α-mangostin in mice. for this study, we evaluated the pk profile of α-mangostin using a standardized mangosteen extract in c57bl/6 mice. the primary objective was to determine the pk properties of α-mangostin when administered as an extract. this experiment was designed to test our primary hypothesis that α-mangostin in an extract should achieve a desirable pk profile. this is especially relevant as dietary supplements of mangos ...201424774070
immune regulation and anti-inflammatory effects of isogarcinol extracted from garcinia mangostana l. against collagen-induced arthritis.isogarcinol is a natural compound that we extracted from garcinia mangostana l., and we were the first to report that it is a new immunosuppressant. in the present study, we investigated the immune regulation and anti-inflammatory effects of isogarcinol on collagen-induced arthritis (cia) and explored its potential mechanism in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. the oral administration of isogarcinol significantly reduced clinical scores, alleviated cartilage and bone erosion, and reduced th ...201424738849
synthesis of xanthone derivatives based on α-mangostin and their biological evaluation for anti-cancer agents.a xanthone-derived natural product, α-mangostin is isolated from various parts of the mangosteen, garcinia mangostana l. (clusiaceae), a well-known tropical fruit. novel xanthone derivatives based on α-mangostin were synthesized and evaluated as anti-cancer agents by cytotoxicity activity screening using 5 human cancer cell lines. some of these analogs had potent to moderate inhibitory activities. the structure-activity relationship studies revealed that phenol groups on c3 and c6 are critical t ...201424717154
a new furanoxanthone from garcinia mangostana.our phytochemical study on the stem bark of garcinia mangostana has led to the discovery of a new furanoxanthone, mangaxanthone a (1), together with five known analogs. the five known analogs that were isolated are α-mangostin (2), β-mangostin (3), cowagarcinone b (4), and dulcisxanthone f (5). the structural elucidations of these compounds were carried out by interpreting their spectroscopic data, mainly 1d and 2d nmr spectra and ms.201424670077
8-hydroxycudraxanthone g suppresses il-8 production in sp-c1 tongue cancer cells.production of il-8 primarily promotes angiogenic responses in cancer cells, which lead to favorable disease progression. suppressing this production may, therefore, be a significant therapeutic intervention in targeting tumor angiogenesis. this study aimed to evaluate the reduction effects of xanthones in cancer cell lines. nine known prenylated xanthones (1-9), isolated from the pericarp of garcinia mangostana linn (gml), were tested for their ability to suppress il-8 (interleukin-8) of the sp- ...201424660467
comparison of the biological activity of two different isolates from mangosteen.mangosteen has been used in traditional medicine for treatment of many diseases. recent studies have reported the active constituents isolated from this plant. in this study, purified α-mangostin, a major component and partially purified water-soluble fraction found in fruit pericarps, was carefully isolated, and their biological activity was compared, i.e. antioxidative activity and cytotoxic effect in breast cancer cells: skbr3.201424641353
β mangostin suppress lps-induced inflammatory response in raw 264.7 macrophages in vitro and carrageenan-induced peritonitis in vivo.the fruit hull of garcinia mangostana linn. has been used in traditional medicine for treatment of various inflammatory diseases. hence, this study aims to investigate the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of β mangostin (βm), a major compound present in garcinia mangostana.201424607509
anti-angiogenic actions of the mangosteen polyphenolic xanthone derivative α-mangostin.retinal neovascularization is a major cause of vision loss in diseases characterized by retinal ischemia and is characterized by the pathological growth of abnormal vessels. vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) is known to play an important role in this process. oxidative stress has been strongly implicated in up-regulation of vegf associated with neovascularization in various tissues. hence, compounds with anti-oxidant actions can prevent neovascularization. α-mangostin, a component of man ...201424721607
evaluation of antimicrobial and antitumoral activity of garcinia mangostana l. (mangosteen) grown in southeast brazil.to characterize the anatomy of the fruit and leaf and the presence of phytocompounds. to evaluate the antitumor and antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of garcinia mangostana l. (mangosteen) cultivated in southeastern brazil.201425229510
α-mangostin disrupts the development of streptococcus mutans biofilms and facilitates its mechanical removal.α-mangostin (αmg) has been reported to be an effective antimicrobial agent against planktonic cells of streptococcus mutans, a biofilm-forming and acid-producing cariogenic organism. however, its anti-biofilm activity remains to be determined. we examined whether αmg, a xanthone purified from garcinia mangostana l grown in vietnam, disrupts the development, acidogenicity, and/or the mechanical stability of s. mutans biofilms. treatment regimens simulating those experienced clinically (twice-dail ...201425350668
proteomics analysis of antimalarial targets of garcinia mangostana linn.to investigate possible protein targets for antimalarial activity of garcinia mangostana linn. (g. mangostana) (pericarp) in 3d7 plasmodium falciparum clone using 2-dimensional electrophoresis and liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry (lc/ms/ms).201425183269
metabolite footprinting of plasmodium falciparum following exposure to garcinia mangostana linn. crude extract.multidrug resistant plasmodium falciparum is the major health problem in the tropics. discovery and development of new antimalarial drugs with novel modes of action is urgently required. the aim of the present study was to investigate antimalarial activities of garcinia mangostana linn. crude ethanolic extract including its bioactive compounds as well as the metabolic footprinting of p. falciparum following exposure to g. mangostana linn. extract. the median (range) ic50 (concentration that inhi ...201425102435
combating helicobacter pylori infections with mucoadhesive nanoparticles loaded with garcinia mangostana extract.to combat the resistance of helicobacter pylori to antibiotics through the use of garcinia mangostana extract (gme) in the form that can be localized at stomach mucosa.201423731457
mangostanaxanthones i and ii, new xanthones from the pericarp of garcinia mangostana.two new xanthones: mangostanaxanthones i (3) and ii (5) were isolated from the pericarp of garcinia mangostana, along with four known xanthones: 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone (1), parvifolixanthone c (2), α-mangostin (4), and rubraxanthone (6). their structures were elucidated on the basis of ir, uv, 1d, 2d nmr, and ms spectroscopic data, in addition to comparison with literature data. the isolated compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and quorum-sensing inhibitory activities. ...201425128900
nonhost status of mangosteen to bactrocera dorsalis and bactrocera carambolae (diptera: tephritidae) in thailand.postharvest quarantine treatments (irradiation or vapor heat) are used to control fruit flies and other pests in mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l) exported to the united states and japan from thailand. no-choice tests were conducted in the laboratory to determine whether thai mangosteen is a host for bactrocera dorsalis (hendel) (oriental fruit fly) and bactrocera carambolae drew & hancock (carambola fruit fly). ripe commercial quality fruit (1 wk after harvest) that were either undamaged or da ...201425195422
neuroprotective effects of alpha-mangostin on mpp(+)-induced apoptotic cell death in neuroblastoma sh-sy5y cells.in vitro studies have shown that extracts from mangosteen (garcinia mangostana linn.) act as antioxidants and cytoprotective agents against oxidative damage. the protective effect of alpha-mangostin, the major xanthone found in the pericarp of the mangosteen, in cellular models of parkinson's disease (pd), has not been investigated. this study aims to investigate whether alpha-mangostin could protect sh-sy5y neuroblastoma cells from mpp(+)-induced apoptosis. the effects of alpha-mangostin on mpp ...201526357513
α- and γ-mangostin cause shape changes, inhibit aggregation and induce cytolysis of rat platelets.α- and γ-mangostin are natural xanthones isolated from mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) and the major constituents responsible for the plant's diverse biological activities. in this study, the effects of α- and γ-mangostin on platelets were investigated based on their possible antiplatelet activity. treatment of isolated platelets with α-mangostin resulted in attenuation of platelet aggregatory response to collagen, thrombin or adp. such antiaggregatory effects were concentration-dependent in ra ...201526343955
isogarcinol extracted from garcinia mangostana l. ameliorates systemic lupus erythematosus-like disease in a murine model.isogarcinol is a new immunosuppressant that we extracted from garcinia mangostana l. in the present study, we elucidate its beneficial effect in chronic graft-versus-host disease (cgvhd) in mice -- a model for systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) in human. the oral administration of 60 mg/kg isogarcinol significantly reduced proteinuria, corrected the abnormal serum biochemical indicator, and decreased the amount of serum antibodies and lowered the renal histopathology score. in addition, isogarci ...201526330173
daily consumption of a mangosteen-based drink improves in vivo antioxidant and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) is a tropical fruit cultivated mainly in southeast asia. recent studies have shown mangosteen has many health benefits. in this study, we aimed to determine the effects of a mangosteen-based beverage on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory and immunity biomarkers in plasma of healthy adults. a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted using 60 participants, 30 men, and 30 women, ages 18-60. participants were randomly divided into two ...201526286710
mangosteen pericarp extract inhibits the formation of pentosidine and ameliorates skin elasticity.the inhibition of advanced glycation end-products (ages) by daily meals is believed to become an effective prevention for lifestyle-related diseases. in the present study, the inhibitory effect of hot water extracts of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.) pericarp (wem) on the formation of pentosidine, one of ages, in vitro and in vivo and the remedial effect on skin conditions were measured. wem significantly inhibited pentosidine formation during gelatin incubation with ribose. several compound ...201526236097
identification of hepatoprotective xanthones from the pericarps of garcinia mangostana, guided with tert-butyl hydroperoxide induced oxidative injury in hl-7702 cells.bioactivity-guided fractionation of an ethanol-soluble extract from the pericarps of garcinia mangostana, using tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-bhp) induced oxidative damage in human normal hepatocytes (hl-7702), led to the identification of 10 known xanthones. among them, γ-mangostin (γ-man) exhibited the most potent activity to attenuate t-bhp induced hepatocyte injury. γ-man significantly ameliorated t-bhp induced reactive oxygen species accumulation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and cel ...201526189454
dose-independent adme properties and tentative identification of metabolites of α-mangostin from garcinia mangostana in mice by automated microsampling and uplc-ms/ms methods.the information about a marker compound's pharmacokinetics in herbal products including the characteristics of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (adme) is closely related to the efficacy/toxicity. also dose range and administration route are critical factors to determine the adme profiles. since the supply of a sufficient amount of a marker compound in in vivo study is still difficult, pharmacokinetic investigations which overcome the limit of blood collection in mice are desirable ...201526176540
Refresh
firstprev
123
nextlast
Displaying items 101 - 200 of 292