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a positive correlation between mercury and oxidative stress-related gene expression (gpx3 and gstm3) is measured in female double-crested cormorant blood.mercury (hg) is a widespread contaminant that has been shown to induce a wide range of adverse health effects in birds including reproductive, physiological and neurological impairments. here we explored the relationship between blood total hg concentrations ([thg]) and oxidative stress gene induction in the aquatic piscivorous double-crested cormorants (phalacrocorax auritus) using a non-lethal technique, i.e., blood gene expression analysis. p. auritus blood was sampled at five sites across th ...201424788667
geographic segregation and evidence of density-dependent changes in sex ratios in an abundant colonial waterbird.demographic information, such as geographic segregation of sexes and sex ratio data, is needed to develop, model and evaluate conservation and management strategies for wildlife. a variety of physiological, behavioral and environmental factors can influence segregation of sexes and sex ratios, many of which originate with density-dependent processes. departure from 50:50 sex ratios of double-crested cormorants (phalacrocorax auritus) collected during control efforts in breeding and wintering are ...201424750575
differential trends in mercury concentrations in double-crested cormorant populations of the canadian prairies.mercury and selenium concentrations were measured in double-crested cormorants (phalacrocorax auritus), piscivorous fish, and common prey items in five lakes in two ecoregions in saskatchewan, canada. hg and se concentrations in cormorants were within the natural ranges of birds living in un-impacted sites. site explained a significant proportion of the variation in total hg (thg) and methylmercury (mehg) concentrations in both cormorant breast muscle and livers. birds nesting on more northern l ...201424515398
contaminant exposure of birds nesting in green bay, wisconsin, usa.in earlier studies, elevated concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (dde) were reported in double-crested cormorant (phalacrocorax auritus) eggs and tree swallow (tachycineta bicolor) eggs and nestlings collected from lower green bay (wi, usa) in 1994 and 1995 and black-crowned night-heron (nycticorax nycticorax) eggs collected in 1991. comparable samples collected in 2010 and 2011 indicated that concentrations of pcbs were 35%, 62%, 70%, and 8 ...201424733712
isotopic discrimination in the double-crested cormorant (phalacrocorax auritus).the diet-tissue discrimination factor is the amount by which a consumer's tissue varies isotopically from its diet, and is therefore a key element in models that use stable isotopes to estimate diet composition. in this study we measured discrimination factors in blood (whole blood, red blood cells and plasma), liver, muscle and feathers of double-crested cormorants (phalacrocorax auritus) for stable isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur. cormorants exhibited discrimination factors that ...201526473353
spatial and temporal patterns of avian paramyxovirus-1 outbreaks in double-crested cormorants (phalacrocorax auritus) in the usa.morbidity and mortality events caused by avian paramyxovirus-1 (apmv-1) in double-crested cormorant (dcco; phalacrocorax auritus) nesting colonies in the us and canada have been sporadically documented in the literature. we describe apmv-1 associated outbreaks in dcco in the us from the first reported occurrence in 1992 through 2012. the frequency of apmv-1 outbreaks has increased in the us over the last decade, but the majority of events have continued to occur in dcco colonies in the midwester ...201525390762
brominated flame retardant trends in aquatic birds from the salish sea region of the west coast of north america, including a mini-review of recent trends in marine and estuarine birds.polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) increased in many matrices during the 1990s and early 2000s. since voluntary restrictions and regulations on pbdes were implemented in north america circa early 2000s, decreases in pbdes have occurred in many of these same matrices. to examine temporal trends in the north pacific, we retrospectively analysed pbdes and eight non-pbde flame retardants (fr) in eggs of two aquatic bird species, great blue herons, ardea herodias, and double-crested cormorants, p ...201525241209
tracking overwintering areas of fish-eating birds to identify mercury exposure.migration patterns are believed to greatly influence concentrations of contaminants in birds due to accumulation in spatially and temporally distinct ecosystems. two species of fish-eating birds, the double-crested cormorant (phalacrocorax auritus) and the caspian tern (hydroprogne caspia) breeding in lake ontario were chosen to measure the impact of overwintering location on mercury concentrations ([hg]). we characterized (1) overwintering areas using stable isotopes of hydrogen (δ(2)h) and ban ...201525514043
temporal trends of perfluoroalkyl substances (pfas) in eggs of coastal and offshore birds: increasing pfas levels associated with offshore bird species breeding on the pacific coast of canada and wintering near asia.perfluoroalkyl substances (pfas) such as perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (pfcas) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (pfsas) have become virtually ubiquitous throughout the environment, and, based on laboratory studies, have known toxicological consequences. various national and international voluntary phase-outs and restrictions on these compounds have been implemented over the last 10 to 15 years. in the present study, we examine trends (1990/1991-2010/2011) in aquatic birds (ancient murrelet, synthlibo ...201525989421
a new species of drepanocephalus dietz, 1909 (digenea: echinostomatidae) from the double-crested cormorant phalacrocorax auritus (lesson) (aves: phalacrocoracidae) in north america.drepanocephalus auritus n. sp. is described based on specimens from the double-crested cormorant phalacrocorax auritus (lesson) in north america. the new species differs from its congeners in its very narrow, elongate body, long uterine field and widely separated testes. sequences of the nuclear rrna gene cluster, spanning the 3' end of the nuclear ribosomal 18s rrna gene, internal transcribed spacer region (its1+5.8s gene+its2) and partial 28s gene (2,345 bp), were identical in specimens collec ...201525693456
tracking the history and ecological changes of rising double-crested cormorant populations using pond sediments from islands in eastern lake ontario.in the laurentian great lakes region, the double-crested cormorant (phalacrocorax auritus) has seen a thousand-fold population increase in recent decades. these large colonies of birds now often conflict with socioeconomic interests, particularly due to perceived competition with fisheries and the destruction of terrestrial vegetation in nesting habitats. here we use dated sediment cores from ponds on islands in eastern lake ontario that receive waste inputs from dense colonies of cormorants and ...201526214177
characterization of the life cycle of a fish eye fluke, austrodiplostomum ostrowskiae (digenea: diplostomidae), with notes on two other diplostomids infecting biomphalaria havanensis (mollusca: planorbidae) from catfish aquaculture ponds in mississippi, usa.ocular diplostomiasis is caused by trematode species in the family diplostomidae, specifically those in the genera austrodiplostomum, diplostomum, and tylodelphys. diplostomid trematodes are globally distributed parasites of fish. heavy infections of diplostomids that parasitize the eyes of fish can result in acute mortality while chronic infections are often characterized by impaired vision or blindness. in the southeastern united states, commercial catfish production is threatened by piscivoro ...201626741049
widespread detection of antibodies to eastern equine encephalitis, west nile, st. louis encephalitis, and turlock viruses in various species of wild birds from across the united states.wild birds serve as amplifying hosts for many arboviruses, and are thought to be responsible for introducing these viruses into new areas during migration as well as reintroducing them to places where winter temperatures disrupt mosquito-borne transmission. to learn more about four mosquito-borne arboviruses of concern to human or animal health, we tested sera from 997 wild birds of 54 species and 17 families across 44 states of the united states collected from january 1, 2013, through september ...201627162269
local and interannual variations in mercury and cadmium in eggs of eight seabird species of the sinaloa coast, méxico.mercury (hg) and cadmium (cd) concentrations in eggs of 8 seabird species inhabiting 5 coastal ecosystems in sinaloa, méxico were determined during 2 breeding seasons (2012 and 2013): blue-footed booby (sula nebouxii), brown booby (sula leucogaster), double-crested cormorant (phalacrocorax auritus), magnificent frigatebird (fregata magnificens), brown pelican (pelecanus occidentalis), royal tern (thalasseus maximus), laughing gull (leucophaeus atricilla), and heermann's gull (larus heermanni). t ...201626887632
use of a novel double-crested cormorant toxchip pcr array and the erod assay to determine effects of environmental contaminants in primary hepatocytes.in vitro screening tools and 'omics methods are increasingly being incorporated into toxicity studies to determine mechanistic effects of chemicals and mixtures. to date, the majority of these studies have been conducted with well-characterized laboratory animal models. in the present study, well-established methods developed for chicken embryonic hepatocyte (ceh) studies were extended to a wild avian species, the double-crested cormorant (dcco; phalacrocorax auritus), in order to compare the ef ...201626894911
perfluoroalkylphosphinic acids in northern pike (esox lucius), double-crested cormorants (phalacrocorax auritus), and bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus) in relation to other perfluoroalkyl acids.perfluoroalkyl phosphinic acids (pfpias) are perfluoroalkyl acids (pfaas) that are used for their surfactant properties in a variety of applications, resulting in their presence in environmental waters; however, they have not been widely studied in biota. a survey of pfpias was conducted in fish, dolphins, and birds from various locations in north america. northern pike (esox lucius) were collected at two locations in 2011 near montréal island in the st. lawrence river, canada, double-crested co ...201627677975
molecular and morphological characterization of austrodiplostomum ostrowskiae dronen, 2009 (digenea: diplostomatidae), a parasite of cormorants in the americas.the diplostomid genus austrodiplostomum currently contains two species, i.e. a. mordax and a. ostrowskiae. adults of these species inhabit the intestine of cormorants of the genus nannopterum, whereas larval forms (metacercariae) are found in the eyes (vitreous humor) of freshwater fishes. records of both species have been established across a wide geographic range in the americas. diplostomid adults and metacercariae were collected from a wide geographical range that spans from south-eastern me ...201625735970
the influence of geographical location, host maturity and sex on intestinal helminth communities of the double-crested cormorant phalacrocorax auritus from the eastern united states.here the intestinal helminth infracommunities of 218 double-crested cormorants (phalacrocorax auritus) from 11 locations in alabama, minnesota, mississippi and vermont are documented. trematode infections were present in 98% of hosts; 65% of cormorants carried cestode infections, 4% were infected with acanthocephalans and 66% had nematode intestinal parasites. parasite infracommunities of hosts collected on wintering grounds had higher richness and diversity than did birds collected on breeding ...201627677375
athabasca oil sands petcoke extract elicits biochemical and transcriptomic effects in avian hepatocytes.petroleum coke or "petcoke" is a granular carbonaceous material produced during the upgrading of heavy crude oils, including bitumen. petcoke dust was recently reported as an environmental contaminant in the athabasca oil sands region, but the ecotoxicological hazards posed by this complex bitumen-derived material-including those to avian species-have not been characterized. in this study, solvent extracts (x) of delayed and fluid petcoke (xdp and xfp) were prepared and dissolved in dimethyl sul ...201728453253
reprint of: development of methods for avian oil toxicity studies using the double crested cormorant (phalacrocorax auritus).oral and external dosing methods replicating field exposure were developed using the double crested cormorant (dcco) to test the toxicity of artificially weathered deepwater horizon mississippi canyon 252 oil. the majority of previous oil dosing studies conducted on wild-caught birds used gavage methods to dose birds with oil and determine toxicity. however, rapid gut transit time of gavaged oil likely reduces oil absorption. in the present studies, dosing relied on injection of oil into live fe ...201728571622
reprint of: cyp1a protein expression and catalytic activity in double-crested cormorants experimentally exposed to deepwater horizon mississippi canyon 252 oil.double-crested cormorants (phalacrocorax auritus, dcco) were orally exposed to deepwater horizon mississippi canyon 252 (dwh) oil to investigate oil-induced toxicological impacts. livers were collected for multiple analyses including cytochrome p4501a (cyp1a) enzymatic activity and protein expression. cyp1a enzymatic activity was measured by alkoxyresorufin o-dealkylase (arod) assays. activities specific to the o-dealkylation of four resorufin ethers are reported: benzyloxyresorufin o-debenzylas ...201728571624
reprint of: assay validation of the cardiac isoform of troponin i in double crested cormorant (phalacrocorax auritus) plasma for diagnosis of cardiac damage.cardiac abnormalities, initially found in deepwater horizon weathered mc252 crude oil exposed double crested cormorants (dccos) upon gross necropsy, were further investigated using echocardiography. clinical and statistically significant changes including decreased ventricular myocardial contractility and arrhythmia were elucidated by echocardiography and interpreted by boarded cardiologists as potentially life threatening. the objective of this investigation was to initiate development of an an ...201728571623
cyp1a protein expression and catalytic activity in double-crested cormorants experimentally exposed to deepwater horizon mississippi canyon 252 oil.double-crested cormorants (phalacrocorax auritus, dcco) were orally exposed to deepwater horizon mississippi canyon 252 (dwh) oil to investigate oil-induced toxicological impacts. livers were collected for multiple analyses including cytochrome p4501a (cyp1a) enzymatic activity and protein expression. cyp1a enzymatic activity was measured by alkoxyresorufin o-dealkylase (arod) assays. activities specific to the o-dealkylation of four resorufin ethers are reported: benzyloxyresorufin o-debenzylas ...201728390242
organ weights and histopathology of double-crested cormorants (phalacrocorax auritus) dosed orally or dermally with artificially weathered mississippi canyon 252 crude oil.a series of toxicity tests were conducted to assess the effects of low to moderate exposure to artificially weathered deepwater horizon mississippi canyon 252 crude oil on representative avian species as part of the natural resource damage assessment. the present report summarizes effects of oral exposure (n=26) of double-crested cormorants (dcco; phalacrocorax auritus) to 5 or 10ml oil kg(-1) day(-1) for up to 21 days or dermal application (n=25) of 13ml oil to breast and back feathers every th ...201728734790
using species distribution models to define nesting habitat of the eastern metapopulation of double-crested cormorants.when organisms with similar phenotypes have conflicting management and conservation initiatives, approaches are needed to differentiate among subpopulations or discrete groups. for example, the eastern metapopulation of the double-crested cormorant (phalacrocorax auritus) has a migratory phenotype that is culled because they are viewed as a threat to commercial and natural resources, whereas resident birds are targeted for conservation. understanding the distinct breeding habitats of resident ve ...201728070303
development of methods for avian oil toxicity studies using the double crested cormorant (phalacrocorax auritus).oral and external dosing methods replicating field exposure were developed using the double crested cormorant (dcco) to test the toxicity of artificially weathered deepwater horizon mississippi canyon 252 oil. the majority of previous oil dosing studies conducted on wild-caught birds used gavage methods to dose birds with oil and determine toxicity. however, rapid gut transit time of gavaged oil likely reduces oil absorption. in the present studies, dosing relied on injection of oil into live fe ...201728349871
assay validation of the cardiac isoform of troponin i in double crested cormorant (phalacrocorax auritus) plasma for diagnosis of cardiac damage.cardiac abnormalities, initially found in deepwater horizon weathered mc252 crude oil exposed double crested cormorants (dccos) upon gross necropsy, were further investigated using echocardiography. clinical and statistically significant changes including decreased ventricular myocardial contractility and arrhythmia were elucidated by echocardiography and interpreted by boarded cardiologists as potentially life threatening. the objective of this investigation was to initiate development of an an ...201728314141
no one saw this coming: endoparasitic mites behind the eyes of a double-crested cormorant.we found hundreds of mites behind the eyes of a double-crested cormorant, phalacrocorax auritus (suliformes: phalacrocoracidae). the mites were neottialges evansi (acari: hypoderatidae), representing the first report of this parasite in p. auritus from western north america. deutonymphs of n. evansi are endoparasites, typically reported infecting fat deposits over the pectoral muscles, axillary areas, and vent of cormorants. here mites infected only orbital tissues, a new infection site for hypo ...201728165862
weathered mc252 crude oil-induced anemia and abnormal erythroid morphology in double-crested cormorants (phalacrocorax auritus) with light microscopic and ultrastructural description of heinz bodies.injury assessment of birds following the deepwater horizon (dwh) oil spill in 2010 was part of the natural resource damage assessment. one reported effect was hemolytic anemia with the presence of heinz bodies (hb) in birds, however, the role of route and magnitude of exposure to oil is unknown. the purpose of the present study was to determine if double-crested cormorants (phalacocorax auritis; dcco) exposed orally and dermally to artificially weathered crude oil would develop hemolytic anemia ...201728734789
dietary intake of deepwater horizon oil-injected live food fish by double-crested cormorants resulted in oxidative stress.the deepwater horizon oil spill released 134 million gallons of crude oil into the gulf of mexico making it the largest oil spill in us history and exposing fish, birds, and marine mammals throughout the gulf of mexico to its toxicity. fish eating waterbirds such as the double-crested cormorant (phalacrocorax auritus) were exposed to the oil both by direct contact with the oil and orally through preening and the ingestion of contaminated fish. this study investigated the effects of orally ingest ...201728688517
multilocus phylogenetic analysis and morphological data reveal a new species composition of the genus drepanocephalus dietz, 1909 (digenea: echinostomatidae), parasites of fish-eating birds in the americas.members of the genus drepanocephalus are endoparasites of fish-eating birds of the families phalacrocoracidae and sulidae distributed across the americas. currently, drepanocephalus contains three species, i.e. d. spathans (type species), d. olivaceus and d. auritus. two additional species, d. parvicephalus and d. mexicanus were transferred to the genus petasiger. in the current study, available dna sequences of d. spathans, d. auritus and drepanocephalus sp., were aligned with newly generated s ...201728974279
testing of an oral dosing technique for double-crested cormorants, phalacocorax auritus, laughing gulls, leucophaeus atricilla, homing pigeons, columba livia, and western sandpipers, calidris mauri, with artificially weather mc252 oil.scoping studies were designed to determine if double-crested cormorants (phalacocorax auritus), laughing gulls (leucophaues atricilla), homing pigeons (columba livia) and western sandpipers (calidris mauri) that were gavaged with a mixture of artificially weathered mc252 oil and food for either a single day or 4-5 consecutive days showed signs of oil toxicity. where volume allowed, samples were collected for hematology, plasma protein electrophoresis, clinical chemistry and electrolytes, oxidati ...201728781207
changes in white cell estimates and plasma chemistry measurements following oral or external dosing of double-crested cormorants, phalacocorax auritus, with artificially weathered mc252 oil.scoping studies were designed whereby double-crested cormorants (phalacocorax auritus) were dosed with artificially weathered deepwater horizon (dwh) oil either daily through oil injected feeder fish, or by application of oil directly to feathers every three days. preening results in oil ingestion, and may be an effective means of orally dosing birds with toxicant to improve our understanding of the full range of physiological effects of oral oil ingestion on birds. blood samples collected every ...201728844686
dermal exposure to weathered mc252 crude oil results in echocardiographically identifiable systolic myocardial dysfunction in double-crested cormorants (phalacrocorax auritus).during the deepwater horizon natural resource damage assessment, gross morphologic cardiac abnormalities, including softer, more distensible musculature, were noted upon gross necropsy in hearts from laughing gulls and double-crested cormorants exposed to weathered mc252 crude oil. a species specific, echocardiographic technique was developed for antemortem evaluation of function that was used to evaluate and better characterize cardiac dysfunction. control (n=12) and treated (n=13) cormorant gr ...201728666537
using pentosidine and hydroxyproline to predict age and sex in an avian species.all living organisms are subject to senescence accompanied by progressive and irreversible physiological changes. the error damage and cross-linking theories suggest that cells and tissues are damaged by an accumulation of cross-linked proteins, slowing down bodily processes and resulting in aging. a major category of these cross-linked proteins are compounds called advanced glycation end products (ages). we investigated the relationship between accumulation of the age, pentosidine (ps), and hyd ...201729152193
mercury concentrations in double-crested cormorant chicks across canada.mercury (hg) biomagnifies in aquatic food chains and can reach high concentrations in fish-eating birds. spatial patterns of hg have been found in freshwater ecosystems across canada for many taxa, including fish and birds. however, it often is challenging to sample a representative population size of adult birds to monitor concentrations of contaminants over a large spatial scale. moreover, adult birds can migrate and can show a contaminant profile that may not be representative of local resour ...201829748709
a morphological and molecular study of adults and metacercariae of hysteromorpha triloba (rudolpi, 1819), lutz 1931 (diplostomidae) from the neotropical region.adults of hysteromorpha triloba (rudolpi, 1819), lutz, 1931 inhabit primarily the intestine of cormorants across the globe, whereas metacercariae have been found in the body cavity of freshwater fishes of the families cyprinidae, ictaluridae, ariidae, pimelodidae and catostomidae. in this study, adults and metacercariae identified as h. triloba were collected from the neotropical cormorant (nannopterum brasilianus) and from the mexican tetra fish (astyanax mexicanus) from the gulf of mexico and ...201829363439
potential of double-crested cormorants ( phalacrocorax auritus), american white pelicans ( pelecanus erythrorhynchos), and wood storks ( mycteria americana) to transmit a hypervirulent strain of aeromonas hydrophila between channel catfish culture ponds.aeromonas hydrophila is a gram-negative bacterium ubiquitous to freshwater and brackish aquatic environments that can cause disease in fish, humans, reptiles, and birds. recent severe outbreaks of disease in commercial channel catfish ( ictalurus punctatus) aquaculture ponds have been associated with a hypervirulent aeromonas hydrophila strain (vah) that is genetically distinct from less virulent strains. the epidemiology of this disease has not been determined. given that research has shown tha ...201829671715
airborne polycyclic aromatic compounds contribute to the induction of the tumour-suppressing p53 pathway in wild double-crested cormorants.polycyclic aromatic compounds (pacs), including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) and pah-like compounds are known or probable environmental carcinogens released into the environment as a by-product of incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and other organic materials. studies have shown that exposure to pacs in the environment can induce both genotoxicity and epigenetic toxicity, but few studies have related pac exposure to molecular changes in free ranging wildlife. previous work has sugg ...201829276953
seabirds as regional biomonitors of legacy toxicants on an urbanized coastline.seabirds are often cited as sentinels of the marine environment, but are rarely used in traditional ocean and coastal contaminant monitoring. four classes of persistent organic pollutants (pops, n=68) and three trace elements (mercury, selenium, and arsenic) were measured in the eggs of california least terns (sterna antillarum browni), caspian terns (hydroprogne caspia), double-crested cormorants (phalacrocorax auritus), and western gulls (larus occidentalis) that nest in the southern californi ...201829156266
experimental and modeled thermoregulatory costs of repeated sublethal oil exposure in the double-crested cormorant, phalacrocorax auritus.to fully understand the impact of oil exposure, it is important to understand sublethal effects like how increased thermoregulatory costs may affect survival and reproduction. however, it is difficult and time-consuming to measure these effects in wild animals. we present a novel use of a bioenergetics model, niche mapper™, to estimate thermoregulatory impacts of oiling, using data from captive double-crested cormorants (phalacrocorax auritus) experimentally exposed to oil. oiled cormorants had ...201830301033
clinostomum poteae n. sp. (digenea: clinostomidae), in the trachea of a double-crested cormorant phalacrocorax auritus lesson, 1831 and molecular data linking the life-cycle stages of clinostomum album rosser, alberson, woodyard, cunningham, pote & griffin, 2017 in mississippi, usa.clinostomum spp. (digenea: clinostomidae) are a group of trematodes commonly found in the buccal cavity and oesophagus of a variety of piscivorous birds. the metacercariae, colloquially known as "yellow grubs," have been reported from a diverse group of freshwater fishes worldwide. in the catfish farming region of the southeastern usa, piscivorous birds present a continuous challenge for aquaculturists in the form of fish depredation and the introduction of trematodes into these static, earthen ...201829855982
sterols and stanols as novel tracers of waterbird population dynamics in freshwater ponds.with the expansion of urban centres in the mid-twentieth century and the post-1970 decrease in pesticides, populations of double-crested cormorants (phalacrocorax auritus) and ring-billed gulls (larus delawarensis) around lake ontario (canada and usa) have rapidly rebounded, possibly to unprecedented numbers. along with the use of traditional palaeolimnological methods (e.g. stable isotopes, biological proxies), we now have the capacity to develop specific markers for directly tracking the prese ...201829695442
changes in mercury exposure of marine birds breeding in the gulf of maine, 2008-2013.mercury is a potent contaminant that can disrupt an organism's behavior and physiology, ultimately affecting reproductive success. over the last 100 years, environmental deposition of anthropogenic sourced mercury has increased globally, particularly in the u.s. northeast region. marine birds are considered effective bioindicators of ecosystem health, including persistent marine contaminants. goodale et al. (2008) found that mercury exposure exceeded adverse effects levels in some marine bird sp ...201829571358
using bloodmeal analysis to assess disease risk to wildlife at the new northern limit of a mosquito species.the historically southeastern mosquito species culex erraticus has over the last 30 years undergone a marked expansion north. we evaluated this species' potential to participate in local disease cycles in the northeastern usa by identifying the vertebrate sources of blood in cx. erraticus specimens from new jersey. we found that the majority of bloodmeals (92.6%) were derived from birds, followed by 6.8% from mammals (of which half were human), and a single amphibian bloodmeal from a spring peep ...201830242538
prioritization of 10 organic flame retardants using an avian hepatocyte toxicogenomic assay.as the number of chemicals developed and used by industry increases, the inherent limitations of traditional toxicology approaches become an unavoidable issue. to help meet the demand for toxicity evaluation, new methods, such as high-throughput toxicity screening, are currently being developed to permit rapid determination of toxic, molecular, and/or biochemical effects of a wide range of chemicals. in the present study, we demonstrate the utility of an avian in vitro toxicogenomics screening a ...201830133003
extracts of passive samplers deployed in variably contaminated wetlands in the athabasca oil sands region elicit biochemical and transcriptomic effects in avian hepatocytes.recent contaminant monitoring in boreal wetlands situated in alberta's athabasca oil sands region revealed increased concentrations of polycyclic aromatic compounds (pacs) in passive sampling devices deployed in wetlands close to bitumen surface mining operations. in this study, graded concentrations of semipermeable membrane device (spmd) extracts, collected from 4 wetlands with variable burdens of pacs, were administered to chicken and double-crested cormorant (dcco) embryonic hepatocytes to d ...201931276616
a rapid method of preparing complex organohalogen extracts from avian eggs: applications to in vitro toxicogenomics screening.double-crested cormorants are piscivorous birds that breed in variably contaminated colonies across the laurentian great lakes of north america. collection and preparation of environmentally relevant extracts from eggs that contain variable concentrations of organohalogen contaminants represents a minimally invasive approach to characterize potential effects of exposure using in vitro bioassays. in the present study, a rapid, efficient lipid freeze-filtration extraction method was used to prepar ...201930657196
west nile virus prevalence in wild birds from mexico.west nile virus (wnv) emerged in the americas with its introduction in 1999 and now is considered endemic across the continent. in 2002, wnv was detected in mexico, where its occurrence and mortality are considerably lower compared with the us. however, continuous national surveillance programs in mexico are nonexistent. birds are considered the primary hosts and primary geographic dispersers of this pathogen. a total of 200 cloacal and tracheal samples from wild migratory or resident birds were ...201930339087
effects of repeated sublethal external exposure to deep water horizon oil on the avian metabolome.we assessed adverse effects of external sublethal exposure of deepwater horizon, mississippi canyon 252 oil on plasma and liver metabolome profiles of the double-crested cormorant (phalacrocorax auritus), a large (1.5 to 3.0 kg) diving waterbird common in the gulf of mexico. metabolomics analysis of avian plasma showed significant negative effects on avian metabolic profiles, in some cases after only two external exposures (26 g cumulative) to oil. we observed significant (p < 0.05) changes in i ...201930674908
substituted diphenylamine antioxidants and benzotriazole uv stabilizers in blood plasma of fish, turtles, birds and dolphins from north america.substituted diphenylamine antioxidants (sdpas) and benzotriazole uv stabilizers (bzt-uvs) are additives used in industrial and commercial applications to prevent degradation by oxidation and are contaminants of emerging environmental concern. little is known about the fate of these contaminants in wildlife, particularly in reptiles, birds and marine mammals. nine sdpas and six bzt-uvs were measured in blood plasma of seven fish species, snapping turtles (chelydra serpentina), double-crested corm ...201930081360
data of soil, vegetation and bird species found on double-crested cormorant colonies in the southeastern united states.this data article provides the methods and procedures followed to collect and analyse soil, vegetation and bird data on three different treatment islands in guntersville reservoir, alabama. samples were collected from randomly selected plot points from islands that were placed into three different treatment types: colony (currently occupied by double-crested cormorants) (phalacrocorax auritus; n = 5), historic (historically occupied by cormorants and currently abandoned; n = 3) and reference (ne ...201931763391
fine scale characteristics of catfish aquaculture ponds influencing piscivorous avian species foraging use in the mississippi delta.piscivorous avian species are the main source of catfish depredation at aquaculture facilities in mississippi, resulting in the economic loss of millions of dollars every year. most notable of these avian species are the double-crested cormorant (phalacrocorax auritus), great blue heron (ardea herodias), and great egret (a. alba). understanding why these species select specific ponds can increase management efficiency directed at avian dispersal and provide insight into their decision making wit ...202032101563
effects of early-life stage exposure of double-crested cormorant embryos to 4 environmental chemicals on apical outcomes of regulatory relevance.environmental risk assessment is often challenged by a lack of toxicity data for ecological species. the overall goal of this research project was to employ an avian early-life stage toxicity test to determine the effects of four chemicals (benzo[a]pyrene [bap], chlorpyrifos [cpf], fluoxetine hydrochloride [flx], ethinylestradiol [ee2]) in an ecologically relevant avian species, the double-crested cormorant (dcco; phalacrocorax auritus), and to compare our results with those we previously report ...202033136306
landscape scale thermoregulatory costs from sublethal exposure to deep water horizon oil in the double-crested cormorant.toxic effects of heavy oiling to wildlife are well known from oil spills, although sublethal oil exposure effects are poorly understood. we used niche mapper™, to compute spatially and temporally specific energetic and behavioral impacts of repeated sublethal oil exposure to double-crested cormorants (phalacrocorax auritus). during winter (october-march) cormorants exposed to 13 g, 39 g, and 65-78 g of oil, had on average a 31%, 59%, and 76% predicted increase in total resting energetic requirem ...202032479288
toxicogenomic assessment of complex chemical signatures in double-crested cormorant embryos from variably contaminated great lakes sites.using omics approaches to monitor complex environmental mixtures is challenging. previously, we evaluated in vitro transcriptomic effects of complex organic extracts derived from avian eggs. however, there is a lack of studies using wild species that are naturally exposed to contaminant mixtures. here, we examined polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (pbde) residues and gene expression in embryonic liver tissue of double-crested cormorants (phalacrocorax auritus) coll ...202032459094
investigations on the buckling and dynamics of diving-inspired systems when entering water.this work provides comparative modeling approaches to determine the velocities and natural frequencies of plunge-diving bird and bioinspired drone systems when entering water. these systems are chosen to further explain the survival of diving birds as they impact water and to provide insight into the design geometry and material choice of bioinspired diving drones. a nonlinear reduced-order model is developed and utilized to analyze the dive at impact considering both timoshenko and euler-bernou ...202032066135
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