Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of extracts from ultrasonic treatment of satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu marc.) peels. | ultrasound-assisted extraction (uae) was used to extract phenolic compounds from satsuma mandarin ( citrus unshiu marc.) peels (smp), and maceration extraction (me) was used as a control. the effects of ultrasonic time (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min), temperature (15, 30, and 40 degrees c), and ultrasonic power (3.2, 8, 30, and 56 w) on phenolic compounds were investigated. high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) coupled with a photodiode array (pda) detector was used for the analysis of ... | 2008 | 18572916 |
| synephrine content of juice from satsuma mandarins (citrus unshiu marcovitch). | synephrine, the main protoalkaloid in citrus species, is commonly analyzed as the active component in citrus peel-containing herbal supplements, but the edible parts of mandarins have been largely ignored. the synephrine concentration has been determined in the juices of citrus unshiu mandarins harvested from 10 different groves located in a major growing region in california. for comparison, the physicochemical properties of the juices, including ph, conductivity, soluble solids content, and ti ... | 2008 | 18771270 |
| [effects of different calcium salts on freezing resistance of satsuma mandarin]. | the study on the effects of foliar spraying 20 mmol x l(-1) of cacl2, ca (no3)2 and caac2 on the freezing resistance of satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu marc. cv. guoqing no. 1) showed that after treated with these ca salts, the leaves of test plant had a lower half lethal temperature (lt50) than the control (sprayed with distilled water). the lt50 after treated with cacl2 was 0.54 degrees c lower, whereas that after treated with caac2 and ca (no3)2 was 1.34 degrees c and 1.35 degrees c lower, re ... | 2008 | 18975739 |
| potential sources of microbial contamination of satsuma mandarin fruit in japan, from production through packing shed. | potential sources of microbial contamination of satsuma mandarin fruit were investigated from production through the packing shed in the 2005 season. microbial counts in the peel and flesh during the fruit development stage were below 2.4 log cfu/g for bacteria and 3 log cfu/g for fungi, except for the peel in august and september. in the field environment, the highest microbial counts were found in fallen leaves on the ground, followed by soil, organic fertilizer, and agricultural water. only t ... | 2008 | 18389696 |
| anti-allergic effect of a combination of citrus unshiu unripe fruits extract and prednisolone on picryl chloride-induced contact dermatitis in mice. | effect of 50% ethanolic extract of unripe fruits of citrus unshiu (cu-ext) on type iv allergic reaction was examined by inhibitory activity of ear swelling of picryl chloride-induced contact dermatitis (pc-cd) in mice. oral administration of cu-ext and subcutaneous administration of prednisolone showed inhibition of ear swelling during both induction and effector phases of pc-cd. the inhibitory activities of combinations of cu-ext (p.o.) and prednisolone (s.c.) during induction phase of pc-cd we ... | 2008 | 18404324 |
| flavonoid glycosides and limonoids from citrus molasses. | molasses of tangerine orange (citrus unshiu markovich) is obtained as a waste product in the course of tangerine orange juice production. this molasses is expected to be a useful source of organic compounds such as flavonoids and limonoids. to elucidate a use for this molasses waste, we isolated and identified its organic constituents. two new flavanonol glycosides were isolated from tangerine orange molasses, along with several flavonoids such as hesperidine, narirutin, eriodictyol, 3',4',5,6,7 ... | 2008 | 18404354 |
| delay expression of limonoid udp-glucosyltransferase makes delayed bitterness in citrus. | genes encoding limonoid udp-glucosyltransferase from albedo of six citrus species with different levels of delayed bitterness are isolated and cloned in vector ptz57r/t. our results indicate that gene sequence of sweet lime (with intense juice delayed bitterness) have complete identity with satsuma mandarin (without distinctive juice delayed bitterness). also gene sequence of marsh seedless grapefruit, local orange and thompson navel orange (with mild juice delayed bitterness) have very similari ... | 2008 | 18407832 |
| seasonal occurrence of key arthropod pests and associated natural enemies in alabama satsuma citrus. | six alabama satsuma mandarin orchards (four conventionally sprayed and two unsprayed) were surveyed during 2005 and 2006 to determine the population dynamics of arthropod pests and their natural enemies. twenty-eight arthropod pest species were encountered; the major foliage pests were citrus whitefly, dialeurodes citri (ashmead); purple scale, lepidosaphes beckii (newman); glover scale, l. gloveri (packard); and citrus red mite, panonychus citri (mcgregor). two distinct population peaks were re ... | 2008 | 18419929 |
| citrus compounds inhibit inflammation- and obesity-related colon carcinogenesis in mice. | dietary polyphenols are important potential chemopreventive natural agents. other agents, such as citrus compounds, are also candidates for cancer chemopreventives. they act on multiple key elements in signal transduction pathways related to cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation, and obesity. this short review article provides our findings of preclinical studies on potential chemopreventive activities of dietary citrus compounds, auraptene, collinin, and citrus unshiu ... | 2008 | 19003583 |
| minerals, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity of citrus peel extract by hot water. | some dried citrus peels, more familiar as chenpi in china, have been widely used in traditional chinese medicines from ancient times. this paper reports the efficiency of infusion cooking on extracting minerals and phenolic compounds (flavanone glycosides [fgs], polymethoxylated flavones [pmfs], and phenolic acids), and also antioxidant activity of hot water extract of citrus peels. peels of 2 citrus varieties, namely, satsuma mandarin (c. unshiu marc.) and ponkan (c. poonensis hort. ex tanaka), ... | 2008 | 18211343 |
| dna binding of citrus dehydrin promoted by zinc ion. | dehydrins are hydrophilic proteins that accumulate during embryogenesis and osmotic stress responses in plants. here, we report an interaction between citrus dehydrin citrus unshiu cold-regulated 15 kda protein (cucor15) and dna. binding of cucor15 to dna was detected by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay, a filter-binding assay and southwestern blotting. the binding was stimulated by physiological concentrations of zn2+, but little stimulation occurred when other divalent cations, such as ... | 2009 | 19183287 |
| major phytochemical composition of 3 native korean citrus varieties and bioactive activity on v79-4 cells induced by oxidative stress. | three citrus varieties grown in korea, namely, yuza (citrus junos sieb ex tanaka), kjool (citrus unshiu marcow), and dangyooja (citrus grandis osbeck), were evaluated for their dietary fiber, total phenolics, total flavonoids, and total carotenoids as well as individual flavonoids composition. the biochemical characteristics of citrus varieties were examined by the antioxidant capacity (731 to 1221 micromol of trolox equivalent/g), total phenolic (334 to 411 mg of chlorogenic acid equivalent/100 ... | 2009 | 19723183 |
| potent antioxidant and radical-scavenging activity of chenpi--compensatory and cooperative actions of ascorbic acid and citric acid. | dried peels of satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu marcov.) have been used as traditional chinese and japanese medicine, which are called 'chenpi'. in our present study, cold and hot water extracts of chenpi exhibited a strong inhibitory activity against linoleic acid peroxidation and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (dpph) radical-scavenging activity compared with o-methanol extract. when these extracts were separated into ethanol-soluble(es) and ethanol-precipitable fractions, the dominant antioxida ... | 2009 | 20000005 |
| application of lc-nmr to analysis of carotenoids in foods. | lc-nmr has been applied to componential analysis of carotenoids in several foods, specifically, tomato juice, palm oil, and satsuma mandarin orange juice. the crude carotenoids extracted with organic solvent from these foodstuffs were analyzed after simple pre-processing. three, four, and two kinds of carotenoids were identified for tomato juice, palm oil, and satsuma mandarin orange, respectively, primarily by comparing their nmr spectra with those of pure standard. | 2009 | 19810055 |
| effect of postharvest temperature and ethylene on carotenoid accumulation in the flavedo and juice sacs of satsuma mandarin ( citrus unshiu marc.) fruit. | the effect of postharvest temperature (5, 20, and 30 degrees c) and ethylene at different temperatures (20 and 5 degrees c) on carotenoid content and composition and on the expression of the carotenoid biosynthesis-related genes was investigated in the flavedo and juice sacs of satsuma mandarin ( citrus unshiu marc.) fruit. under an ethylene-free atmosphere, storage at 20 degrees c rapidly increased the carotenoid content in flavedo and maintained the content in juice sacs. in contrast, storage ... | 2009 | 19441837 |
| emission enhancement of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy by localized surface plasmon resonance for analyzing plant nutrients. | we demonstrate the monitoring of plant nutrients in leaves of citrus unshiu and rhododendron obtusum using low-energy (<1 mj) laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. the raw plant leaf was successfully ablated without desiccation before laser irradiation, by applying metallic colloidal particles to the leaf surface. the emission intensity with the metallic particles was larger than that without the particles. this result indicates an improvement of the sensitivity and the detection limit of laser- ... | 2009 | 19470213 |
| host preference and development of leptoglossus zonatus (hemiptera: coreidae) on satsuma mandarin. | leptoglossus zonatus (dallas) (hemiptera: coreidae) has recently emerged as a key pest of satsuma mandarin, citrus unshiu marcovitch, and other fruit crops in the gulf coast region of the united states. studies were conducted under laboratory conditions (25 +/- 2 degrees c, 50 +/- 10% rh, and a photoperiod of 14:10 [l:d] h) to investigate host preference and suitability of satsuma fruit as host for this pest. three separate multiple choice experiments were performed to compare attraction of l. z ... | 2009 | 19886456 |
| differences in seasonal expression of flowering genes between deciduous trifoliate orange and evergreen satsuma mandarin. | to determine differences in seasonal flowering between evergreen and deciduous woody perennials, endogenous expression of flowering-related genes was investigated in satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu marc.) and its close relative, trifoliate orange (poncirus trifoliata (l.) raf.), which are evergreen and deciduous, respectively, and show different seasonal flowering characteristics. in satsuma mandarin, in which floral induction is triggered by low temperatures during fall and winter, mrna levels ... | 2009 | 19364704 |
| a comparison of volatile components of setomi with its parent cultivars. | the citrus fruit setomi is a hybrid of yoshiura ponkan (citrus reticulate blanco) and kiyomi (citrus unshiu mrcov. x citrus sinensis osbeck). the essential oils from the peel of setomi and its parent cultivars were obtained by a simultaneous distillation extraction technique. comparing the essential oils of setomi and its parent cultivars, it was found that the oil in the peel of setomi consisted of characteristic aroma components from each parent cultivar. the principal component analysis of da ... | 2010 | 20208376 |
| aroma character impact compounds in kinokuni mandarin orange (citrus kinokuni) compared with satsuma mandarin orange (citrus unshiu). | the odor-active volatiles of kinokuni mandarin (citrus kinokuni hort. ex tanaka), an original mandarin orange in japan, were characterized by a combination of instrumental and sensory analyses and compared with those of satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu marcovitch). an aroma extract dilution analysis (aeda) of the polar fractions of kinokuni and satsuma mandarin peel oils identified five odorants in common as the most odor-active volatiles: (z)-hex-3-enal, decanal, linalool, yuzuol, and (2e)-trans ... | 2010 | 20378969 |
| development of radiation indicators to distinguish between irradiated and non-irradiated herbal medicines using hplc and gc-ms. | the effects of high dose γ-irradiation on six herbal medicines were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc/ms) and high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc). herbal medicines were irradiated at 0-50 kgy with (60)co irradiator. hplc was used to quantify changes of major components including glycyrrhizin, cinnamic acid, poncirin, hesperidin, berberine, and amygdalin in licorice, cinnamon bark, poncirin immature fruit, citrus unshiu peel, coptis rhizome, and apricot kernel. ... | 2010 | 20623272 |
| product variability of the 'cineole cassette' monoterpene synthases of related nicotiana species. | nicotiana species of the section alatae characteristically emit the floral scent compounds of the 'cineole cassette' comprising 1,8-cineole, limonene, myrcene, α-pinene, β-pinene, sabinene, and α-terpineol. we successfully isolated genes of nicotiana alata and nicotiana langsdorfii that encoded enzymes, which produced the characteristic monoterpenes of this 'cineole cassette' with α-terpineol being most abundant in the volatile spectra. the amino acid sequences of both terpineol synthases were 9 ... | 2011 | 21527560 |
| Regulation of carotenoid accumulation and the expression of carotenoid metabolic genes in citrus juice sacs in vitro. | In the present study, to investigate the mechanisms regulating carotenoid accumulation in citrus, a culture system was set up in vitro with juice sacs of three citrus varieties, Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.), Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck), and Lisbon lemon (Citrus limon Burm.f.). The juice sacs of all the three varieties enlarged gradually with carotenoid accumulation. The changing patterns of carotenoid content and the expression of carotenoid metabolic genes in juice sacs i ... | 2011 | 21994171 |
| metabolic profiling of β-cryptoxanthin and its fatty acid esters by supercritical fluid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. | in this study, a high-throughput and high-sensitivity profiling system for β-cryptoxanthin (βcx) and β-cryptoxanthin fatty acid ester (βcxfa) was constructed by supercritical fluid chromatography (sfc) coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (qqqms). βcx and nine βcxfas were successfully separated within 20 min using a column packed with octadecylsilyl-bonded silica particles. the limit of detection was 540 fmol for the free form and 32-130 fmol for the esterified forms. these results d ... | 2011 | 22038763 |
| extracts from citrus unshiu promote immune-mediated inhibition of tumor growth in a murine renal cell carcinoma model. | citrus unshiu (satsuma mandarin, sm) is a citrus fruit the peel of which has been used as a traditional chinese medicine to treat common cold, relieve exhaustion, and cancer. in this study, we examined how effectively the content and peel extracts of sm can suppress cancer growth. the mechanism underlying cancer-suppressing properties of sm was investigated in tumor-bearing mice with renal carcinoma cell, renca. | 2011 | 20637275 |
| beta-cryptoxanthin, plentiful in japanese mandarin orange, prevents age-related cognitive dysfunction and oxidative damage in senescence-accelerated mouse brain. | increased oxidative stress is known to accelerate age-related pathologies. beta-cryptoxanthin (ß-crx, (3r)-ß,ß-caroten-3-ol) is a potent antioxidant that is highly rich in satsuma mandarin orange (mandarin), which is the most popular fruit in japan. we investigated the antioxidative and anti-aging effects of ß-crx and mandarin using senescence-accelerated mice (samp10), which were characterized by a short lifespan, high generation of superoxide anions in the brain and poor learning ability with ... | 2011 | 21372377 |
| mechanism of visceral fat reduction in tsumura suzuki obese, diabetes (tsod) mice orally administered β-cryptoxanthin from satsuma mandarin oranges ( citrus unshiu marc). | the carotenoid β-cryptoxanthin (β-crx) is abundant in satsuma mandarins ( citrus unshiu marc). several studies have shown a relationship between satsuma mandarin consumption and a low risk of several diseases, for example, diabetes, gout, and hypertension, suggesting β-crx involvement in disease prevention. we investigated the effect of β-crx on mildly obese males. β-crx administration reduced visceral adipose tissue, body weight, and abdominal circumference. however, the detailed mechanism by ... | 2011 | 22085304 |
| Larval feeding stimulants for a rutaceae-feeding swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus L. in Citrus unshiu leaves. | Larvae of a swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus L., feed exclusively on plants of the family Rutaceae, including various Citrus crops. Larvae were strongly stimulated to feed on paper strips impregnated with ethanolic extracts of host-plant leaves. Stimulation of feeding on extracts of Citrus unshiu leaves required a mixture of chemicals including sugars (D: -glucose, D: -fructose, and D: -sucrose), a betaine [(-)-stachydrine], a cyclic peptide (citrusin I), a polymethoxyflavone (isosinensetin ... | 2011 | 21959594 |
| effect of blue and red led light irradiation on β-cryptoxanthin accumulation in the flavedo of citrus fruits. | β-cryptoxanthin (β-cry), an antioxidant abundant in citrus fruits, plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of certain diseases, especially cancers. in the present study, to increase the content of β-cry in citrus flavedo, the effects of blue (470 nm) and red (660 nm) light-emitting diode (led) lights on the accumulation of carotenoids and expression of genes related to carotenoid biosynthesis were investigated in the flavedo of satsuma mandarin. the results showed that accumulati ... | 2011 | 22026557 |
| inhibition of tnf-α/ifn-γ induced rantes expression in hacat cell by naringin. | context: naringin is a bioflavonoid derivative and is predominantly found in citrus paradisi macf., citrus sinensis (linn.) osbeck, citrus unshiu marc., citrus reticulata blanco cv. nobilis, citrus tachibana (makino) tanaka, citrus junos sieb. ex tanaka (rutaceae), and related citrus species. it has anti-inflammatory effects that have been well-documented, but the mechanism is poorly characterized. objective: the effect of naringin on production of rantes (regulated upon activation normal t-cell ... | 2011 | 21500970 |
| isolation and identification of an antioxidant flavonoid compound from citrus-processing by-product. | background: large amounts of citrus by-products are released from juice-processing plants every year. most bioactive compounds are found in the peel and inner white pulp. flavonoids are a widely distributed group of bioactive compounds. the methanolic extract of citrus peel powder has been shown to possess strong antioxidant activity. therefore the aim of this study was to isolate the major antioxidant flavonoid compound from citrus unshiu (satsuma) peel as citrus by-product and evaluate its ant ... | 2011 | 21480273 |
| Prevention of Adiposity by the Oral Administration of ß-Cryptoxanthin. | ß-Cryptoxanthin (ß-CRX) is a carotenoid found in human blood. It is specifically rich in Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) but very little in other fruits or vegetables. Several reports indicate the health promoting benefits of ß-CRX. As we had reported visceral fat reduction on mildly obese male by the oral administration of ß-CRX, a detailed mechanism has not been identified. To identify the mechanism, obese model mouse, TSOD was used in the present study. Oral administration of ß-CRX rep ... | 2011 | 22131983 |
| Ptcorp gene induced by cold stress was identified by proteomic analysis in leaves of Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. | A proteomic approach was employed to investigate the cold stress-responsive proteins in trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.), which is a well-known cold tolerant citrus relative and widely used as rootstock in China. Two-year-old potted seedlings were exposed to freezing temperature (-6°C) for 50 min (nonlethal) and 80 min (lethal), and the total proteins were isolated from leaves of the treated plants. Nine differentially accumulated proteins over 2-fold changes in abundance were i ... | 2011 | 22205537 |
| Comparison of ascorbate metabolism in fruits of two citrus species with obvious difference in ascorbate content in pulp. | Citrus fruit is widely consumed and provides ascorbate for human health. The ascorbate content in pulp is generally higher in orange (Citrus sinensis Osb.) than in Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.). However, what contributes to such difference is still unknown. In the present study, ascorbate accumulation, expression profiles of genes involved in L-galactose pathway and activity changes of enzymes related with L-ascorbic acid (AA) oxidation and recycling were investigated during fruit devel ... | 2011 | 21925761 |
| determination of the change of flavonoid components as the defence materials of citrus unshiu marc. fruit peel against penicillium digitatum by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. | a healthy fruit peel of citrus unshiu marc. and one infected by penicillium digitatum were analysed for flavonoids via high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (hplc-ms/ms) in the positive mode with selected ion monitoring (sim). among 16 flavonoid components characterised in c. unshiu marc., four flavanones and nine flavones were identified for the first time. the identified compounds were quantified by hplc-uv. to investigate the function of the flavonoids a ... | 2011 | 25214328 |
| the inhibitory effect of premature citrus unshiu extract on atopic dermatitis in vitro and in vivo. | atopic dermatitis (ad) is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory skin disease that is associated with th2 cellmediated allergy. the process that leads to infiltration of inflammatory cells into an ad lesion is remarkably dependent on various chemokines, especially tarc (thymus and activation-regulated chemokine/ccl17) and mdc (macrophage-derived chemokine/ccl22). serum levels of these chemokines are over-expressed in ad patients. citrus unshiu, which is known as satsuma mandarin, has anti-oxidative, ... | 2011 | 24278569 |
| anti-inflammatory effect of citrus unshiu peel in lps-stimulated raw 264.7 macrophage cells. | citrus unshiu peel (cup) has been traditionally used in east asia as a drug for the treatment of vomiting and dyspepsia. however, its effects on inflammation remain unknown. in this study, we investigated the effects of cup on the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (lps)-stimulated raw 264.7 cells. the research focused on determining whether cup could inhibit the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos), cyclooxygenase (cox)-2 and the activation of nuclear ... | 2012 | 22745074 |
| supplementation of highly concentrated β-cryptoxanthin in a satsuma mandarin beverage improves adipocytokine profiles in obese japanese women. | serum β-cryptoxanthin levels are lower in overweight subjects than in normal subjects. abnormalities of adipocytokine profiles in obesity subjects have been reported. there are several reports that serum β-cryptoxanthin levels in them were relatively lower than normal subjects. | 2012 | 22584034 |
| in vivo and in vitro studies on the absorption characteristics of β-cryptoxanthin in the intestine. | β-cryptoxanthin (β-crx) is a carotenoid abundantly present in the satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu marc.), one of the most popular fruits in japan, and it is reported to have several health benefits. although it is thought to have higher bioavailability than other carotenoids, the usual daily intake is small, and a good method to improve its bioavailability is needed. hence we studied the effect of emulsification on the absorption characteristics of β-crx in the intestine. human trials showed tha ... | 2012 | 23132588 |
| simultaneous determination of polymethoxyflavones in citrus species, kiyomi tangor and satsuma mandarin, by high performance liquid chromatography. | the content of polymethoxyflavones (pmfs) in kiyomi tangor (citrus unshiu marcov. forma miyagawa-wase×c. sinensis) and satsuma mandarin (c. unshiu marcov. forma miyagawa-wase) was determined by hplc/uv. the major pmfs of kiyomi tangor were determined as 3,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone in the peels (10.1mg/g) and leaves (9.2mg/g), and 3-hydroxy-5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone in the stems (1.5mg/g). the major pmfs of satsuma mandarin were determined as 5,6,7,8,4'-pentamethoxyflavone in the peels (2.2mg ... | 2012 | 23107751 |
| inhibition of nitric oxide production and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by a polymethoxyflavone from young fruits of citrus unshiu in rat primary astrocytes. | abnormal activation of astrocytes (e.g., the overproduction of cytokines and nitric oxide) is relevant to neurodegenerative disease. it is important, therefore, to search for inhibitors of the abnormal activation of astrocytes that can be derived from natural substances. this study focused on the effects of extracts from young fruits of citrus unshiu on lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced nitric oxide (no) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) expression in rat primary astrocytes. t ... | 2012 | 23047093 |
| effect of different postharvest temperatures on the accumulation of sugars, organic acids, and amino acids in the juice sacs of satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu marc.) fruit. | to elucidate the effect of different postharvest temperatures on the accumulation of sugars, organic acids, and amino acids and to determine the best temperature to minimize their postharvest change, their content after harvest was investigated at 5, 10, 20, and 30 °c for 14 days in the juice sacs of satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu marc. cv. aoshima-unshiu) fruit. in all sugars, the changes were negligible at all temperatures. organic acids decreased slightly at all temperatures, with the except ... | 2012 | 22950419 |
| simultaneous determination of imazalil and its major metabolite in citrus fruit by solid-phase extraction and capillary gas chromatography with electron capture detection. | a method was developed for the simultaneous determination of imazalil and its major metabolite, r 14821, in citrus fruit. this method (designated the spe method) is based on solid-phase extraction (spe) and capillary gas chromatography (gc) with electron-capture detection (ecd). the spe method is highly sensitive for both compounds (limit of detection for each: 0.001 microg/g) and is less time consuming than the previously reported method based on repeated liquid-liquid partitioning and gc-ecd. ... | 2012 | 11324623 |
| hypolipidemic and bifidogenic potentials in the dietary fiber prepared from mikan (japanese mandarin orange: citrus unshiu) albedo. | the albedo is the white part of the citrus peel, which acts as a water reservoir for the juice sacs, seeds and leaves in times of drought. as the functionality of the albedo is unknown, we examined in this study the hypolipidemic and bifidogenic potentials of dietary fiber (df) prepared from the mikan (japanese mandarin orange: citrus unshiu) albedo. the albedo was obtained from mikan harvested in arida, wakayama prefecture, and total df (tdf), water soluble df (sdf) and water insoluble df (idf) ... | 2012 | 22878387 |
| cancer chemoprevention by citrus pulp and juices containing high amounts of β-cryptoxanthin and hesperidin. | β-cryptoxanthin, a carotenoid, and hesperidin, a flavonoid, possess inhibitory effects on carcinogenesis in several tissues. we recently have prepared a pulp (chrp) and citrus juices (mj2 and mj5) from a satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu mar.) juice (mj). they contain high amounts of β-cryptoxanthin and hesperidin. we have demonstrated that chrp and/or mjs inhibit chemically induced rat colon, rat tongue, and mouse lung tumorigenesis. gavage with chrp resulted in an increase of activities of detox ... | 2012 | 22174562 |
| peyer's patch-mediated intestinal immune system modulating activity of pectic-type polysaccharide from peel of citrus unshiu. | an intestinal immune system modulating polysaccharide (cui-3iib-3-2, 18kda) was purified from citrus unshiu peel. cui-3iib-3-2 mainly comprised gala, glca, ara, gal and rha, and it consisted of 4-linked gala, terminal araf, 4- or 5-linked/3,4- or 3,5-branched ara, terminal gal, and 2-linked/2,4-branched rha. after cui-3iib-3-2 digestion by endo-α-d-(1→4)-polygalacturonase, its hydrolysate was fractionated into pg-1 and pg-2. methylation analyses of pg-1 and pg-2 using base-catalysed β-eliminatio ... | 2012 | 23411217 |
| protective effects of fermented citrus unshiu peel extract against ultraviolet-a-induced photoageing in human dermal fibrobolasts. | the aqueous extracts of citrus unshiu peel containing flavonoid glycosides was used as co-substrate with schizophyllum commune mycelia producing β-glucosidase and its biological activities were studied. β-glucosidase-produced s. commune mycelia converted the glycosides (narirutin and hesperidin) into aglycones (naringenin and hesperetin). the photoprotective potential of fermented c. unshiu peel extract with s. commune (s-cpe) was tested in human dermal fibroblasts (hdfs) exposed to uva. it was ... | 2012 | 22422675 |
| effects of plant extracts on microbial population, methane emission and ruminal fermentation characteristics in in vitro. | this study was conducted to evaluate effects of plant extracts on methanogenesis and rumen microbial diversity in in vitro. plant extracts (artemisia princeps var. orientalis; wormwood, allium sativum for. pekinense; garlic, allium cepa; onion, zingiber officinale; ginger, citrus unshiu; mandarin orange, lonicera japonica; honeysuckle) were obtained from the plant extract bank at korea research institute of bioscience and biotechnology. the rumen fluid was collected before morning feeding from a ... | 2012 | 25049630 |
| expression and functional analysis of two lycopene β-cyclases from citrus fruits. | in the present study, two lcyb genes (citlcyb1 and citlcyb2) were isolated from satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu marc.), valencia orange (citrus sinensis osbeck) and lisbon lemon (citrus limon burm.f.) and their functions were analyzed by the color complementation assay in lycopene-accumulating e. coli cells. the results showed that citlcyb1 and citlcyb2 shared high identity at the amino acid level among the three citrus varieties. the n-terminal region of the two proteins encoded by citlcyb1 and ... | 2012 | 22729824 |
| role of carotenoid β-cryptoxanthin in bone homeostasis. | bone homeostasis is maintained through a balance between osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption. aging induces bone loss due to decreased osteoblastic bone formation and increased osteoclastic bone resorption. osteoporosis with its accompanying decrease in bone mass is widely recognized as a major public health problem. nutritional factors may play a role in the prevention of bone loss with aging. among various carotenoids (carotene and xanthophylls including beta (β)-crypt ... | 2012 | 22471523 |
| nobiletin and tangeretin ameliorate scratching behavior in mice by inhibiting the action of histamine and the activation of nf-κb, ap-1 and p38. | nobiletin and tangeretin are polymethoxy flavonoids that are abundantly present in the pericarp of citrus unshiu (family rutaceae) and the fruit of citrus depressa (family rutaceae). they exhibit various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory and anti-asthmatic effects. to evaluate the anti-allergic effects of nobiletin and tangeretin, we measured their inhibitory effects in histamine- or compound 48/80-induced scratching behavioral mice. nobiletin and tangeretin potently inhibited s ... | 2013 | 23938254 |
| proteomic analysis of "moncada" mandarin leaves with contrasting fruit load. | a proteomic approach was used to know more about the molecular mechanism related to citrus alternate bearing. to this end, we researched protein expression differences between on-crop and off-crop "moncada" [clementine 'oroval' (citrus clementina hort ex tanaka) x 'kara' mandarin (citrus unshiu marc. x citrus nobilis lou.)] mandarin leaves. this variety usually shows a remarkable behaviour in alternate production. samples were collected in the period during which the fruit affect flowering induc ... | 2013 | 23202483 |
| chemical composition and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oil from hallabong flower. | a number of essential oils derived from plants are claimed to have several medicinal functions, including anti-cancer and anti-inflammation effects. however, the chemical composition and biological activities of flower-derived components have not been sufficiently characterized. therefore, we investigated the composition of essential oils from hallabong flower [(citrus unshiu marcov × citrus sinensis osbeck) × citrus reticulata blanco] and their anti-inflammatory effects. hydro-distilled essenti ... | 2013 | 27366141 |
| citrus nobiletin suppresses inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression in interleukin-1β-treated hepatocytes. | nobiletin is a polymethoxylated flavone that is abundant in the peels of citrus fruits, such as citrus unshiu (satsuma mandarin) and citrus sinensis. the dried peels of c. unshiu (chinpi) have been included in several formulae of japanese kampo medicines. nobiletin may suppress the induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos), which synthesizes the inflammatory mediator nitric oxide (no) in hepatocytes. | 2013 | 23958298 |
| the role of 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase and phytoene synthase gene family in citrus carotenoid accumulation. | three 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthases (dxs) and three phytoene synthases (psy) were identified in citrus, from affymetrix genechip citrus genome array, genbank and public orange genome databases. tissue-specific expression analysis of these genes was carried out on fruit peel and flesh, flower and leaf of satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu marc.) in order to determine their roles in carotenoid accumulation in different tissues. expression of citdxs1 and citpsy1 was highest in all test tiss ... | 2013 | 23883976 |
| limited and time-delayed internal resource allocation generates oscillations and chaos in the dynamics of citrus crops. | alternate bearing or masting is a yield variability phenomenon in perennial crops. the complex dynamics in this phenomenon have stimulated much ecological research. motivated by data from an eight-year experiment with forty-eight individual trees, we explored the mechanism inherent to these dynamics in satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu marc.). by integrating high-resolution imaging technology, we found that the canopy structure and reproduction output of individual citrus crops are mutually depend ... | 2013 | 24387563 |
| enzymatic formation of β-citraurin from β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin by carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase4 in the flavedo of citrus fruit. | in this study, the pathway of β-citraurin biosynthesis, carotenoid contents and the expression of genes related to carotenoid metabolism were investigated in two varieties of satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu), yamashitabeni-wase, which accumulates β-citraurin predominantly, and miyagawa-wase, which does not accumulate β-citraurin. the results suggested that citccd4 (for carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase4) was a key gene contributing to the biosynthesis of β-citraurin. in the flavedo of yamashitaben ... | 2013 | 23966550 |
| citrus leaf volatiles as affected by developmental stage and genetic type. | major volatiles from young and mature leaves of different citrus types were analyzed by headspace-solid phase microextraction (hs-spme)-gc-ms. a total of 123 components were identified form nine citrus cultivars, including nine aldehydes, 19 monoterpene hydrocarbons, 27 oxygenated monoterpenes, 43 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, eight oxygenated sesquiterpenes, two ketones, six esters and nine miscellaneous. young leaves produced higher amounts of volatiles than mature leaves in most cultivars. the ... | 2013 | 23994837 |
| flavonoids from citrus unshiu marc. inhibit cancer cell adhesion to endothelial cells by selective inhibition of vcam-1. | citrus fruits have been used as edible fruit and a component of traditional medicine for various diseases including cancer since ancient times. herein, we investigated the anticancer activity of flavonoids of citrus unshiu marc. (fcm) focusing on anti-metastatic effects. we prepared fcm and performed experiments using mda-mb-231 human breast cancer cells. fcm inhibited tnf-induced cancer cell adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvecs) without showing any toxicity. fcm inhibited ... | 2013 | 24002113 |
| citrus unshiu peel extract ameliorates hyperglycemia and hepatic steatosis by altering inflammation and hepatic glucose- and lipid-regulating enzymes in db/db mice. | insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes leads to hepatic steatosis that can accompanied by progressive inflammation of the liver. citrus unshiu peel is a rich source of citrus flavonoids that possess anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and lipid-lowering effects. however, the ability of citrus unshiu peel ethanol extract (cpe) to improve hyperglycemia, adiposity and hepatic steatosis in type 2 diabetes is unknown. thus, we evaluated the effects of cpe on markers for glucose, lipid metabolism and infl ... | 2013 | 22694954 |
| antianxiety-like effects of chimpi (dried citrus peels) in the elevated open-platform test. | dried citrus peels (chimpi) is one of the most common natural medicines with qi (energy flow) rectifying and shi (dampness) drying actions, which originates from citrus unshiu, and/or c. reticulata according to the definition of the pharmacopoeiae of japan and china. in this study, the pharmacological effects of their extracts and major chemical constituents hesperidin and its aglycone hesperetin on anxiety were examined with an anxiety model of elevated open-platform test using icr male mice (6 ... | 2013 | 23966085 |
| influence of hot water dip on fruit quality, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of satsuma mandarin during storage. | the influence of hot water dips (50, 52 and 54 for 3 min) on fruit quality, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of satsuma mandarin during 60 days' storage at 10 was investigated. hot water dips did not affect fruit quality attributes as well as ascorbic acid content, and 50 treatment significantly reduced fruit weight loss. significant increases of flavonoids were found in all hot water treated fruit from after treatments till 15 days of storage, whereas phenolic acids were not great ... | 2013 | 23733808 |
| anti-inflammatory effect of quercetagetin, an active component of immature citrus unshiu, in hacat human keratinocytes. | citrus fruit contain various flavonoids that have multiple biological activities. however, the content of these flavonoids are changed during maturation and immature citrus is known to contain larger amounts than mature. chemokines are significant mediators for cell migration, while thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (tarc/ccl17) and macrophage-derived chemokine (mdc/ccl22) are well known as the typical inflammatory chemokines in atopic dermatitis (ad), a pruritic and chronic inflammatory ... | 2013 | 24009872 |
| narirutin fraction from citrus peels attenuates alcoholic liver disease in mice. | this study aimed to demonstrate protective activities of the narirutin fraction from peels of citrus unshiu against ethanol-induced hepatic damage through an animal study. citrus narirutin fraction (cnf), contained 75% of narirutin, was obtained by an ultra-sonicated extraction and further purification. icr mice were divided into four groups; normaldiet control, ethanol control (6.5g ethanol/kg), low-cnf (ethanol+150mg cnf/kg) and high-cnf (ethanol+300mg cnf/kg) groups. consumption of alcohol fo ... | 2013 | 23416143 |
| absorption, storage and distribution of β-cryptoxanthin in rat after chronic administration of satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu marc.) juice. | fruits and vegetables contain numerous antioxidants, such as carotenoids. recent epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that a high dietary consumption of fruit and vegetables rich in carotenoids or with high serum carotenoid concentrations results in lower risks of certain cancers, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. these results indicate that absorbed carotenoids are stored in various organs. previously, we found that β-cryptoxanthin, found especially in satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu mar ... | 2013 | 23302648 |
| enzymatic modification enhances the protective activity of citrus flavonoids against alcohol-induced liver disease. | alcoholic liver disease (ald) can be developed by a prolonged or large intake of alcohol in a short period of time. ald is considered as a leading cause for a liver injury in modern dietary life. this study was aimed to investigate the effects of orally administrated citrus flavonoids (cfs) and their enzymatically modified ones (em-cfs) to prevent ald. hesperidin and narirutin were extracted from peels of citrus unshiu by ultra-sonication and purified further. these cfs were modified enzymatical ... | 2013 | 23561100 |
| comparative proteomic and metabolomic profiling of citrus fruit with enhancement of disease resistance by postharvest heat treatment. | from field harvest to the consumer's table, fresh citrus fruit spends a considerable amount of time in shipment and storage. during these processes, physiological disorders and pathological diseases are the main causes of fruit loss. heat treatment (ht) has been widely used to maintain fruit quality during postharvest storage; however, limited molecular information related to this treatment is currently available at a systemic biological level. | 2013 | 23497220 |
| effects of dried citrus unshiu peels on gastrointestinal motility in rodents. | aqueous extracts of the dried mature (anp-w) and immature citrus unshiu peels (cup-w) have been used as a traditional folk medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal (gi) motility disorders in korea. in the present study, neither anp-w nor cup-w exhibited significant toxicity even at an oral dose of 5 g/kg to mice. the effects of anp-w and cup-w on gi motor function were investigated by measuring the intestinal transit rate (itr) of evans blue in normal mice and rats with experimental gi mot ... | 2013 | 23463336 |
| changes in free amino acids and polyamine levels in satsuma leaves in response to asian citrus psyllid infestation and water stress. | the effects of biotic and abiotic stresses on changes in amino acids and polyamine levels in satsuma orange (citrus unshiu; cultivar owari) leaves were investigated. asian citrus psyllids diaphorina citri (kuwayama) (acp) infestation was used to induce biotic stress while a water deficit was imposed to induce abiotic stress. potted trees were infested by placing 50 psyllids on 3 citrus leaves enclosed in nylon mesh bags for 5 d. a parallel set of plants were kept water stressed by maintaining th ... | 2014 | 24178691 |
| content changes of bitter compounds in 'guoqing no.1' satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu marc.) during fruit development of consecutive 3 seasons. | the main bitter compounds (nomilin, limonin and naringin) in the fruit tissues of 'guoqing no.1' satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu marc.) were determined throughout the fruit development of 3 consecutive growing seasons. although fluctuating largely at the corresponding developing stages of the 3 years, the contents of these compounds in fruit tissues mostly displayed a declining trend, which implied that the rhythm of the metabolism of these bitter compounds was not consistent among years and was ... | 2014 | 24128570 |
| identification of phenolic compositions and the antioxidant capacity of mandarin juices and wines. | this research was undertaken to determine the phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity of juices and wines obtained from robinson, fremont and satsuma mandarins. high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detection was used for identifying and quantifying phenolic compounds. the total amount of phenolic compounds ranged from 36.6 to 132.6 mg/l for the mandarin juice, and from 14.1 to 54.5 mg/l for the wines. in the juices and wines, the major hydroxybenzoic acid was van ... | 2014 | 24876641 |
| synephrine inhibits eotaxin-1 expression via the stat6 signaling pathway. | citrus contain various flavonoids and alkaloids that have multiple biological activities. it is known that the immature citrus contains larger amounts of bioactive components, than do the mature plants. although citrus flavonoids are well known for their biological activities, citrus alkaloids have not previously been assessed. in this study, we identified synephrine alkaloids as an active compound from immature citrus unshiu, and investigated the effect of synephrine on eotaxin-1 expression. eo ... | 2014 | 25111027 |
| chemical composition and anti-inflammation activity of essential oils from citrus unshiu flower. | though many essential oils from citrus peels are claimed to have several medicinal functions, the chemical composition and biological activities of the essential oils of citrus flowers have not been well described. therefore, this study intended to investigate the chemical composition and anti-inflammatory potential of essential oils from c. unshiu flower (ceo) to support its purported beneficial health effects. the chemical constituents of the ceo, analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectromet ... | 2014 | 25026734 |
| identification and transcript analysis of two glutamate decarboxylase genes, csgad1 and csgad2, reveal the strong relationship between csgad1 and citrate utilization in citrus fruit. | glutamate decarboxylase (gad, ec 4.1.1.15) has been suggested to be a key, regulatory point in the biosynthesis of γ-aminobutyrate (gaba) and in the utilization of citric acid through gaba shunt pathway. in this study we discovered two gad genes, named as csgad1 and csgad2, in citrus genome database and then successfully cloned. both csgad1 and csgad2 have a putative pyridoxal 5-phosphate binding domain in the middle region and a putative calmodulin-binding domain at the carboxyl terminus. gene ... | 2014 | 24976574 |
| polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of a spontaneous reddish mutant in satsuma mandarin, shinheungri. | a satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu marc. cv. miyagawa) spontaneous mutant, shinheungri, produces fruit with an abnormal red-coloured peel during ripening. the peel and pulp extracts of shinheungri fruit were evaluated for polyphenolic contents and antioxidant activities by using various in vitro assays. compared with those of wild type (wt), shinheungri exhibited slightly higher total flavonoid content and antioxidant activities. the results of uplc analyses indicate that the peel and pulp extrac ... | 2014 | 24828342 |
| preventive effects of citrus unshiu peel extracts on bone and lipid metabolism in ovx rats. | dried citrus unshiu peel has been widely used for various medicinal purposes in oriental medicine. this study evaluated the metabolic effects of dried c. unshiu peel in ovariectomized (ovx) rats. the ovx rats were divided into five groups treated with distilled water, 17β-estradiol (e2 10 μg/kg, once daily, i.p.) and dried c. unshiu peel extracts (dcpe 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg, once daily, p.o.) for eight weeks. the treatments with high-dose dcpe significantly decreased the bone mineral density (bm ... | 2014 | 24413833 |
| nobiletin suppresses mmp-9 expression through modulation of p38 mapk activity in human dermal fibrobalsts. | we aimed to identify a novel flavonoid from the in-house natural products to suppress matrix metalloproteases (mmps), which is responsible for degradation of collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins. total eight natural products were screened for identification of a novel mmp-9 suppressor using mmp-9 reporter system, where the prompt initial screening with multiple samples is readily examined. among the extracts used in the present study, one extract (citrus unshiu) was found active in t ... | 2014 | 24389490 |
| a novel macromolecular extract screened from satsuma with pro-inflammatory effect. | excessive consumption of horticultural fruit is a double-edged sword with both positive and negative effects. in eastern countries, a large number of people have suffered from shang huo as a result of excessive consumption of "heating" foods, such as lychee, longan, mandarin orange, mango and civet durian. the present study adopted a step by step strategy screened the compositions with pro-inflammatory effect in satsuma fruits. the pro-inflammatory effects of all fractions were evaluated in raw ... | 2014 | 24336758 |
| detection of mandarin in orange juice by single-nucleotide polymorphism qpcr assay. | a dual-probe real time pcr (qpcr) dna-based analysis was devised for the identification of mandarin in orange juice. a single nucleotide polymorphism at the trnl-trnf intergenic region of the chloroplast chromosome was confirmed in nine orange (citrus sinensis) and thirteen commercial varieties of mandarin, including citrus reticulata and citrus unshiu species and a mandarin × tangelo hybrid. two short minor-groove binding fluorescent probes targeting the polymorphic sequence were used in the du ... | 2014 | 24128588 |
| differential transcriptional regulation of l-ascorbic acid content in peel and pulp of citrus fruits during development and maturation. | citrus fruits are an important source of ascorbic acid (asa) for human nutrition, but the main pathways involved in its biosynthesis and their regulation are still not fully characterized. to study the transcriptional regulation of asa accumulation, expression levels of 13 genes involved in asa biosynthesis, 5 in recycling and 5 in degradation were analyzed in peel and pulp of fruit of two varieties with different asa concentration: navel orange (citrus sinensis) and satsuma mandarin (citrus uns ... | 2014 | 24567029 |
| comparative analysis of surface wax in mature fruits between satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu) and 'newhall' navel orange (citrus sinensis) from the perspective of crystal morphology, chemical composition and key gene expression. | surface wax of mature satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu) and 'newhall' navel orange (citrus sinensis) was analysed by crystal morphology, chemical composition, and gene expression levels. the epicuticular and total waxes of both citrus cultivars were mostly composed of aldehydes, alkanes, fatty acids and primary alcohols. the epicuticular wax accounted for 80% of the total wax in the newhall fruits and was higher than that in the satsuma fruits. scanning electron microscopy showed that larger and ... | 2014 | 24491718 |
| [citrus boron nutrient level and its impact factors in the three gorges reservoir region of chongqing, china]. | to investigate the level of boron nutrient in citrus and its impact factors, a total of 954 citrus leaf samples and 302 soil samples were collected from representative orchards in the 12 main citrus production counties in the three gorges reservoir region of chongqing to determine the boron content in citrus leaves, as well as the relationships between leaf boron content with soil available boron content, soil ph value, cultivar, rootstock and the age of tree. results indicated that the leaf sam ... | 2014 | 25011290 |
| the antiinflammatory mechanism of igongsan in mouse peritoneal macrophages via suppression of nf-κb/caspase-1 activation. | igongsan (igs), which is an herbal prescription composed of five different herbs, ginseng radix (root of panax ginseng, araliaceae), atractylodis rhizoma alba (rhizome of atractylodes macrocephala, compositae), poria sclerotium (sclerotium of poria cocos, polyporaceae), glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma (root and rhizome of glycyrrhiza uralensis, leguminosae), and citri unshius pericarpium (peel of citrus unshiu, rutaceae), has been traditionally used in korea to treat a variety of inflammatory dise ... | 2014 | 23956075 |
| quaternary chitosan oligomers enhance resistance and biocontrol efficacy of rhodosporidium paludigenum to green mold in satsuma orange. | this study investigated the capacity of chitosan oligomers (cos), applied before harvest singly or in combination with antagonists, in controlling postharvest green mold caused by penicillium digitatum in satsuma orange. oranges treated with cos or rhodosporidium paludigenum were observed having a delay in onset and progression of disease symptoms relative to wounded controls. preharvest application of cos at different concentrations achieved similar biocontrol efficiency rates in green mold con ... | 2014 | 25256472 |
| preliminary examination of herbal extracts on the inhibition of helicobacter pylori. | this work aims at describing the traditional uses, to determine the antimicrobial potential of two different extracts hexane, acetone of the leaves of citrus unshiu, citrus sinensis, citrus limon, laurus nobilis, citrus paradisi on clinical strain of h. pylori in a bid to identify potential sources of cheap starting materials for the synthesis of new drugs. h. pylori strain was a culture collection of hacettepe university, turkey. | 2014 | 24653559 |
| cold tolerance of the mediterranean fruit fly in date and mandarin. | the mediterranean fruit fly, ceratitis capitata (wiedemann), is an endemic pest in israel and there can be low levels of infestation of dates (phoenix dactylifera l.). because c. capitata is considered a quarantine pest by several major importing countries, the export of fresh dates requires the elimination of this pest. for mandarin, cold storage at 1.11°c for 15 d is considered to be an effective treatment for the elimination of c. capitata. in this study, we compared the cold tolerance of c. ... | 2014 | 26309262 |
| extraction efficiency of hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants from lyophilized foods using pressurized liquid extraction and manual extraction. | the efficient extraction of antioxidants from food samples is necessary in order to accurately measure their antioxidant capacities. α-tocopherol and gallic acid were spiked into samples of 5 lyophilized and pulverized vegetables and fruits (onion, cabbage, satsuma mandarin orange, pumpkin, and spinach). the lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidants in the samples were sequentially extracted with a mixed solvent of n-hexane and dichloromethane, and then with acetic acid-acidified aqueous methanol. ... | 2014 | 25155095 |
| the role as inoculum sources of xanthomonas citri pv. citri surviving on the infected satsuma mandarin fruits. | importing citrus fruits infected by asiatic citrus canker caused by xanthomonas citri pv. citri (xcc) can act as an inoculum source for the disease epidemic in citrus canker-free countries. in this study, the pathogenicity of the causal agent of asiatic citrus canker surviving on infected satsuma mandarin fruits was evaluated. the washing solution of infected satsuma mandarin fruits did not cause lesion formation on the citrus leaves. however, a typical citrus canker lesion was formed on the lea ... | 2014 | 24723102 |
| surface barriers of mandarin 'okitsu' leaves make a major contribution to canker disease resistance. | field evaluations have shown that satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu) 'okitsu' is one of the mandarin cultivars that shows substantial resistance to xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (x. citri), the causal agent of citrus bacterial canker disease. however, the mechanisms underlying this resistance are not well understood. in this study, we have shown that 'okitsu' leaves are nevertheless susceptible to x. citri infection during a period of their development; however, this period is shorter than that s ... | 2014 | 24548213 |
| characterization of three linalool synthase genes from citrus unshiu marc. and analysis of linalool-mediated resistance against xanthomonas citri subsp. citri and penicilium italicum in citrus leaves and fruits. | three cdna clones from satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu marc.) were isolated and expressed in escherichia coli. custs3-1 and custs3-2 encode linalool synthases and custs4 encodes a nerolidol/linalool synthase. transcripts of custs3-1, custs3-2 and custs4 were abundant in young fruit at 60 days after flowering (daf), flowers and leaves, respectively. treatments with xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (xcc), the causal agent of citrus canker and penicillium italicum (pi), the cause of post-harvest frui ... | 2014 | 25443842 |
| antimicrobial activity of acid-hydrolyzed citrus unshiu peel extract in milk. | citrus fruit (citrus unshiu) peels were extracted with hot water and then acid-hydrolyzed using hydrochloric acid. antimicrobial activities of acid-hydrolyzed citrus unshiu peel extract were evaluated against pathogenic bacteria, including bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, and listeria monocytogenes. antilisterial effect was also determined by adding extracts at 1, 2, and 4% to whole, low-fat, and skim milk. the cell numbers of b. cereus, staph. aureus, and l. monocytogenes cultures treate ... | 2014 | 24534507 |
| effect of x-irradiation on citrus canker pathogen xanthomonas citri subsp. citri of satsuma mandarin fruits. | citrus canker caused by xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (xcc) is one of the most important bacterial diseases of citrus. because citrus canker is not found in many countries including european union and australia, xcc is strictly regulated in order to prevent its spread. in this study, the effects of x-irradiation on xcc growth either in the suspension or on the surface of citrus fruits were investigated. the suspension containing 1×10(7) cfu/ml of xcc was irradiated with different absorbed doses ... | 2015 | 26672670 |
| drinking citrus fruit juice inhibits vascular remodeling in cuff-induced vascular injury mouse model. | citrus fruits are thought to have inhibitory effects on oxidative stress, thereby attenuating the onset and progression of cancer and cardiovascular disease; however, there are few reports assessing their effect on vascular remodeling. here, we investigated the effect of drinking the juice of two different citrus fruits on vascular neointima formation using a cuff-induced vascular injury mouse model. male c57bl6 mice were divided into five groups as follows: 1) control (water) (c), 2) 10% citrus ... | 2015 | 25692290 |
| neuroprotective effect of citrus unshiu immature peel and nobiletin inhibiting hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in ht22 murine hippocampal neuronal cells. | oxidative stress-induced cell damage is common in the etiology of several neurobiological disorders, including alzheimer's disease and parkinson's disease. in a case study, nobiletin-rich citrus reticulata peels could prevent the progression of cognitive impairment in donepezil-preadministered alzheimer's disease patients. | 2015 | 26664016 |
| fruit photosynthesis in satsuma mandarin. | to clarify detailed characteristics of fruit photosynthesis, possible gas exchange pathway and photosynthetic response to different environments were investigated in satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu). about 300 mm(-2) stomata were present on fruit surface during young stages (∼10-30 mm diameter fruit) and each stoma increased in size until approximately 88 days after full bloom (dafb), while the stomata collapsed steadily thereafter; more than 50% stomata deformed at 153 dafb. the transpiration r ... | 2015 | 26706059 |
| plant scents modify innate colour preference in foraging swallowtail butterflies. | flower-visiting insects exhibit innate preferences for particular colours. a previous study demonstrated that naive papilio xuthus females prefer yellow and red, whereas males are more attracted to blue. here, we demonstrate that the innate colour preference can be modified by olfactory stimuli in a sexually dimorphic manner. naive p. xuthus were presented with four coloured discs: blue, green, yellow and red. the innate colour preference (i.e. the colour first landed on) of the majority of indi ... | 2015 | 26179802 |
| effect of blue led light intensity on carotenoid accumulation in citrus juice sacs. | in the present study, the effects of blue led light intensity on carotenoid accumulation and expression of genes related to carotenoid biosynthesis were investigated in the juice sacs of satsuma mandarin (citrus unshiu marc.) and valencia orange (citrus sinensis osbeck) in vitro. the results showed that 100 μmol m(-2)s(-1) blue led light (100b) was effective for increasing carotenoid content, especially β-cryptoxanthin, in satsuma mandarin after cultured in vitro for four weeks. in valencia oran ... | 2015 | 26432407 |
| application of sensory evaluation, hs-spme gc-ms, e-nose, and e-tongue for quality detection in citrus fruits. | in this study, electronic tongue (e-tongue), headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (gc-ms), electronic nose (e-nose), and quantitative describe analysis (qda) were applied to describe the 2 types of citrus fruits (satsuma mandarins [citrus unshiu marc.] and sweet oranges [citrus sinensis {l.} osbeck]) and their mixing juices systematically and comprehensively. as some aroma components or some flavor molecules interacted with the whole juice matrix, the change ... | 2015 | 26416698 |
| genes involved in nutrient competition by pseudomonas putida jbc17 to suppress green mold in postharvest satsuma mandarin. | understanding the mechanisms underlying biocontrol activity in biocontrol agents is indispensable to implement biological control. however, the understanding of specific mechanisms for nutrient competition in nutrient limited environments is still limited. this study was performed to control green mold of postharvest satsuma mandarin (mandarin) using pseudomonas putida jbc17 (jbc17), and identify the genes involved in nutrient competition. treatment with jbc17 on wounded mandarin fruits at a con ... | 2015 | 25707389 |
| diversity in sensory quality and determining factors influencing mandarin flavor liking. | we evaluated the sensory quality of 42 mandarin varieties that belong to 7 different natural subgroups: common mandarin (citrus reticulata blanco), clementine (citrus clementina hort. ex. tan), satsuma (citrus unshiu marcovitch), mediterranean mandarin (citrus deliciosa tenore), king mandarin (citrus nobilis loureiro), and mandarin hybrids, such as tangor (citrus reticulata × citrus sinensis) and tangelo (citrus reticulata × citrus paradisi). consumer flavor acceptance tests revealed wide divers ... | 2015 | 25559381 |