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[phylogenetic study of artemia from china using rapd and aflp markers].we have applied the techniques of rapd (random amplified polymorphic dna) and aflp (amplified fragment length polymorphism) to the analysis of the relationships among artemia species and strains. rapd markers were successfully employed to detect diversity and genetic differentiation among four species of brine shrimp: a. franciscana, a. urmiana, a. sinica, and a. parthenogenetica. seventy, ten-base synthetic oligonucleotides were used to amplify a total of 458 distinct fragments. dna polymorphis ...200010887692
the heat shock response of adult artemia franciscana. 200010880872
beta-hydroxybutyrate in developing nauplii of brine shrimp (artemia franciscana k.) under feeding and non-feeding conditions.body content of beta-hydroxybutyrate, and individual dry mass, carbon content, and survival rate, were studied in developing nauplii of the brine shrimp artemia franciscana k. from hatching to 96-97 h post hatching at 27 +/- 1 degrees c. the effect of two diets was studied in the experiment: super selco (ss) with a high lipid content; and protein selco (ps) with a high protein content. a starving group (s) was used as reference. the level of beta-hydroxybutyrate at hatching was 0.6 nmol.ind-1; i ...200010840642
posttranslationally modified tubulins and microtubule organization in hemocytes of the brine shrimp, artemia franciscana.crustaceans possess blood cells (hemocytes) that mediate organismal defense and are analogous to vertebrate leukocytes. in order to more fully characterize these types of cells, hemocytes of the branchiopod crustacean, artemia franciscana, were analyzed. the data indicate that artemia have one type of hemocyte, ranging in morphology from compact and spherical to flat and spreading when examined in vitro. electron microscopy revealed many cytoplasmic granules in the hemocytes and only a limited n ...200010814999
crustacean (malacostracan) hox genes and the evolution of the arthropod trunk.representatives of the insecta and the malacostraca (higher crustaceans) have highly derived body plans subdivided into several tagma, groups of segments united by a common function and/or morphology. the tagmatization of segments in the trunk, the part of the body between head and telson, in both lineages is thought to have evolved independently from ancestors with a distinct head but a homonomous, undifferentiated trunk. in the branchiopod crustacean, artemia franciscana, the trunk hox genes a ...200010804167
characterization of atp-dependent proteolysis in embryos of the brine shrimp, artemia franciscana.under anoxia, embryos of artemia franciscana enter a state of quiescence. during this time protein synthesis is depressed, and continued degradation of proteins could jeopardize the ability to recover from quiescence upon return to favorable conditions. in this study, we developed an assay for monitoring atp/ ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis in order to establish the presence of this degradation mechanism in a. franciscana embryos, and to describe some characteristics that may regulate its functi ...200010791572
depression of nuclear transcription and extension of mrna half-life under anoxia in artemia franciscana embryos.transcriptional activity, as assessed by nuclear run-on assays, was constant during 10 h of normoxic development for embryos of the brine shrimp artemia franciscana. exposure of embryos to only 4 h of anoxia resulted in a 79.3+/-1 % decrease in levels of in-vivo-initiated transcripts, and transcription was depressed by 88. 2+/-0.7 % compared with normoxic controls after 24 h of anoxia (means +/- s.e.m., n=3). initiation of transcription was fully restored after 1 h of normoxic recovery. artifici ...200010708633
sequence of mitochondrial dna cytochrome oxidase ii incryptopygus nanjiensis and phylogeny of apterygota.the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase ii (co ii) from four different apterygotenscryptopygus nanjiensis (collembola),neanura latior (collembola),gracilentulus maijiawensis (protura) andlepidocampa weberi (diplura) were sequenced. their a+t content, number of nucleotide substitutions, tv/tv ratio, and tamura-nei's distance were calculated. a series of phylogenetic trees were constructed by parsimony and distance methods using a crustaceanartemia franciscana as outgroup. finally the evolutionary tr ...200018726353
cytogenetic proof that the brine shrimp artemia franciscana (crustacea, branchiopoda) is found in argentina.artemia brine shrimps are commercially important and they have been extensively studied. this branchiopod crustacean is extensively used in aquaculture and other commercial and applied practices. the genus also awakes an increasing interest worldwide as an experimental model in other basic areas of research such as evolution and cytogenetics. in the present work adult male meiosis and nauplii mitotic cells in two artemia populations from argentina (mar chiquita and las tunas, córdoba province) a ...200011338428
diguanosine nucleotide metabolism and the survival of artemia embryos during years of continuous anoxia.encysted embryos of the primitive crustacean, artemia franciscana, are remarkably resistant to a variety of harsh environmental conditions, including continuous anoxia for periods of years at physiological temperatures and water contents. previous study produced no evidence of an ongoing anoxic metabolism, suggesting that these embryos remained viable in spite of the lack of detectable free energy flow and biosynthesis. that seeming violation of a major axiom of cell biology and biochemistry pro ...200111248674
[growth of artenia franciscana and a. persimilis (crustacea, anostraca) under controlled conditions].growth (length) was compared in a. franciscana populations from utah, united states of america, and yape, chile, and a. persimilis (population from salinas de hidalgo, argentina), cultured under controlled conditions (24 degrees c, seawater 35 g/l, fed with chaetoceros calcitrans). there were significant differences among all stages of a. franciscana (utah) and a. persimilis, whereas we found significant differences only in two stages of a. persimilis and a. franciscana (yape); both a. francisca ...200111935913
international study on artemia. lxii. genomic relationships between artemia franciscana and a. persimilis, inferred from chromocentre numbers.chromocentres, i.e. heavily stainable heterochromatic areas with highly repetitive dna (a 130-bp repeat in the order of 6 x 105 copies per haploid genome) observed in the resting nucleus, are a reliable taxonomic trait and a good marker for speciation in artemia. this chromosome marker was evaluated in populations of two new world sibling species: a. franciscana, from north, central and south america, and a. persimilis from argentina. artemia persimilis showed the characteristically low average ...200111703507
influence of trehalose on the molecular chaperone activity of p26, a small heat shock/alpha-crystallin protein.encysted embryos of the primitive crustacean artemia franciscana are among the most resistant of all multicellular eukaryotes to environmental stress, in part due to massive amounts of a small heat shock/alpha-crystallin protein (p26) that acts as a molecular chaperone. these embryos also contain very large amounts of the disaccharide trehalose, well known for its ability to protect macromolecules and membranes against damage due to water removal and temperature extremes. therefore, we looked fo ...200111599574
nuclear p26, a small heat shock/alpha-crystallin protein, and its relationship to stress resistance in artemia franciscana embryos.the role of the small heat shock/alpha-crystallin protein, p26, in transcription in artemia franciscana embryos was examined using isolated nuclei, containing either control or elevated levels of p26, in transcription run-on assays. heat shock or anoxia in vivo and acid ph in vitro were used to transfer p26 into nuclei. the results suggest that parameters other than, or in addition to, p26 are responsible for the reduced transcription rates observed and that decreases in phi are involved. in viv ...200111507116
toxicity, bioaccumulation, and interactive effects of organotin, cadmium, and chromium on artemia franciscana.the effects of three organotin compounds-trimethyltin chloride, dimethyltin dichloride, and dibutyltin diacetate-and two heavy metals-cadmium and hexavalent chromium-on artemia franciscana mortality are investigated in this study. of all the compounds tested in this work, trimethyltin chloride was, by far, the most toxic. the toxicity order for the five compounds was trimethyltin chloride > potassium dichromate > dimethyltin dichloride > dibutyltin diacetate > cadmium chloride. the big differenc ...200111386732
isolation of a cdna encoding a putative sparc from the brine shrimp, artemia franciscana.sparc (secreted protein, acidic, rich in cysteine) is an extracellular matrix-associated and anti-adhesive glycoprotein extensively studied in vertebrates. its presence among invertebrates has been reported in nematodes and flies. we cloned a cdna containing a complete open reading frame for sparc from the brine shrimp, artemia franciscana. the amino acid sequence identity between the artemia and the fly sparcs was 55%, whereas that of the artemia and the nematode proteins was 45%. artemia and v ...200111368900
characterization of a novel heterodimeric cathepsin l-like protease and cdna encoding the catalytic subunit of the protease in embryos of artemia franciscana.embryos and larvae of the brine shrimp, artemia franciscana, contain a novel cathepsin l-like cysteine protease (acp) composed of 28.5- and 31.5-kda subunits. both subunits of the acp are glycosylated, and seven isoforms of the protease were identified by isoelectric focusing with pi values ranging from 4.6 to 6.2. several clones containing sequences coding for the 28.5-kda subunit of the acp were isolated from an artemia embryo cdna library in lambda zap ii. one clone of 1229 bp, with an open r ...200111235917
uptake and processing of a vibrio anguillarum bacterin in artemia franciscana measured by elisa and immunohistochemistry.nauplii of artemia franciscana were incubated in two different concentrations (undiluted and 1:9 in autoclaved sea water) of a divalent bacterin composed of two different serovars of vibrio anguillarum. in order to investigate uptake and further processing of a bacterin in the live feed organism a. franciscana, immunohistochemistry was applied, visualising the presence of whole bacterial cells and antigens from the bacterin in individual nauplii. by using elisa, it was shown that approximately 1 ...200111271599
identification of the s6 kinase activity stimulated in quiescent brine shrimp embryos upon entry to preemergence development as p70 ribosomal protein s6 kinase: isolation of artemia franciscana p70s6k cdna.we previously demonstrated that a protein kinase responsible for phosphorylating 40s ribosomal subunits is activated in quiescent artemia franciscana embryos within 15 min of restoration of normal tonicity and incubation at 30 degrees c. here, we identify the activated s6 kinase as a. franciscana p70 ribosomal s6 kinase (p70s6k) subsequent to the isolation of an artemia p70s6k cdna. the protein conceptually translated from cdna has 70% similarity and 64% identity to both drosophila melanogaster ...200111310561
development of new heparin-like compounds and other antithrombotic drugs and their interaction with vascular endothelial cells.the anticlotting and antithrombotic activities of heparin, heparan sulfate, low molecular weight heparins, heparin and heparin-like compounds from various sources used in clinical practice or under development are briefly reviewed. heparin isolated from shrimp mimics the pharmacological activities of low molecular weight heparins. a heparan sulfate from artemia franciscana and a dermatan sulfate from tuna fish show a potent heparin cofactor ii activity. a heparan sulfate derived from bovine panc ...200111378657
characterization of a functional serum response element in the actin403 gene promoter from the crustacean artemia franciscana.the serum response factor (srf) activates expression of several genes in response to growth factors present in serum. srf also regulates the expression of tissue-specific genes, including those in vertebrate muscles. an srf-binding site (carg box) present in the artemia franciscana actin403 promoter was shown to be necessary for transcriptional activity in cultured cells from drosophila melanogaster and mammals. this dna region bound mammalian and drosophila srfs in vitro and mediated transcript ...200111322877
corynosoma cetaceum in the stomach of franciscanas, pontoporia blainvillei (cetacea): an exceptional case of habitat selection by an acanthocephalan.adult acanthocephalans are typically found in the intestine of vertebrates, where they can readily absorb nutrients. however, corynosoma cetaceum has been frequently reported in the stomach of cetaceans from the southern hemisphere. the ecological significance of this habitat was investigated by examining data on number, sex ratio, maturity status, biomass, and fecundity of c. cetaceum in different parts of the digestive tract of 44 franciscanas pontoporia blainvillei. individual c. cetaceum occ ...200111426715
salt toxicosis in ruddy ducks that winter on an agricultural evaporation basin in california.agricultural evaporation basins are used as a means to dispose of highly saline underground-tile-drainage water in the san joaquin valley (california, usa). the hypersaline water conditions encourage high aquatic invertebrate production, primarily brine shrimp (artemia franciscana), which attract birds to these sites. cool winter temperatures (< 4 c) and hypersaline water conditions (> 70,000 mumhos/cm) resulted in feather salt encrustation and salt toxicosis in ruddy ducks (oxyura jamaicensis). ...200211838203
functional analysis of a small heat shock/alpha-crystallin protein from artemia franciscana. oligomerization and thermotolerance.oviparously developing embryos of the brine shrimp, artemia franciscana, synthesize abundant quantities of a small heat shock/alpha-crystallin protein, termed p26. wild-type p26 functions as a molecular chaperone in vitro and is thought to help encysted artemia embryos survive severe physiological stress encountered during diapause and anoxia. full-length and truncated p26 cdna derivatives were generated by pcr amplification of p26-3-6-3, then cloned in either pet21(+) or prsetc and expressed in ...200211846795
transactivation domains are not functionally conserved between vertebrate and invertebrate serum response factors.the transcription factor serum response factor (srf) regulates expression of growth factor-dependent genes and muscle-specific genes in vertebrates. homologous factors regulate differentiation of some ectodermic tissues in invertebrates. to explore the molecular basis of these different physiological functions, the functionality of human, drosophila melanogaster and artemia franciscana srfs in mammalian cells has been compared in this article. d. melanogaster and, to a lesser extend, a. francisc ...200212153563
isolation of prorocentrum lima (syn. exuviaella lima) and diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (dsp) risk assessment in the gulf of california, mexico.a benthic toxic dinoflagellate identified as prorocentrum lima (syn. exuviaella lima), and designated as strain prl-1, was isolated from the coast of el pardito (coyote) island in baja california sur, mexico, after a fisherman poisoning incident involving consumption of liver from lutjanus colorado, and mycteroperca prionura fish. purification and culturing was done in es-si medium, under 12:12 light/dark cycle (4 x 20 w cool-white fluorescent lamps), at 22 degrees c and constant stirring during ...200212165314
[allozymatic variation in crustacea artemia franciscana (anostraca: artemiidae) of freat salt lake in different experimental conditions].starch gel electrophoresis was used to analyze the allelic variability of four polymorphic loci (lap-2, lap-3, pgm and gpi) from a single population of artemia franciscana (kellogg, 1906) from the great salt lake (utah, usa), cultured under eight different experimental conditions. the organisms were cultured to the adult stage under a 2 x 2 x 2 experimental design (22 and 30 degrees c; 30 and 60 ppt salinity; and dunaliella sp. and spirulina sp. as food). there were significant differences in al ...200212298270
complete mitochondrial dna sequence of a tadpole shrimp (triops cancriformis) and analysis of museum samples.the complete mitochondrial dna (mtnda) of the tadpole shrimp triops cancriformis was sequenced. the sequence consisted of 15,101 bp with an a+t content of 69%. its gene arrangement was identical with those sequences of the water flea (daphnia pulex) and giant tiger prawn (penaeus monodon), whereas it differed from that of the brine shrimp (artemia franciscana) in the arrangement of its genes for trnas. phylogenetic analysis revealed t. cancriformis to be more closely related to the water flea th ...200212481263
comparing the acute response to cadmium toxicity of nauplii from different populations of artemia.the lethal responses to cadmium of instar ii nauplii from eight populations of artemia belonging to the species artemia franciscana, artemia salina, artemia persimilis, and artemia parthenogenetica have been compared. generalized linear models were used to fit mortality. the model indicates that there is a relationship between species, type of population, and mortality rate. the two populations of a. franciscana were the most sensitive to cadmium toxicity (median lethal concentration, lc50, of 9 ...200211833813
bioaccumulation of chlorpyrifos through an experimental food chain: study of protein hsp70 as biomarker of sublethal stress in fish.the accumulation and transfer of the organophosphorus pesticide chlorpyrifos has been studied in an experimental aquatic two-level food chain using two species of the crustacean artemia (a. franciscana and a. parthenogenetica) and the small fish aphanius iberus. artemia adults contaminated by exposure to the pesticide in water were used as live prey for aphanius, the next trophic level. during the experimental bioaccumulation phase, fish were fed chlorpyrifos-contaminated artemia pools with conc ...200211815815
small heat shock protein p26 associates with nuclear lamins and hsp70 in nuclei and nuclear matrix fractions from stressed cells.the small heat shock/alpha-crystallin protein p26 undergoes nuclear translocation in response to stress in encysted embryos of the brine shrimp artemia franciscana. about 50% of total p26 translocates to nuclei in embryos treated with heat shock or anoxia, and in embryo homogenates incubated at low ph. nuclear fractionation shows that the majority of nuclear p26 and a nuclear lamin are associated with the nuclear matrix fraction. to further explore the roles of p26 and other hsps in stabilizing ...200211813265
yolk platelets in artemia embryos: are they really storage sites of immature mitochondria?we have used semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technology to determine the mitochondrial dna (mtdna) content of yolk platelets isolated from embryos of the brine shrimp, artemia franciscana, and ultrastructural analysis of yolk platelet formation to determine whether these organelles contain mitochondria as reported previously. using six different isolation and purification protocols, we found one yolk platelet preparation to be devoid of mtdna, while four yolk platelet preparati ...200212031476
regiospecific distribution of fatty acids in triacylglycerols of artemia franciscana nauplii enriched with fatty acid ethyl esters.this paper reports the positional distribution of fatty acids in triacylglycerols (tag) of artemia franciscana nauplii enriched with each of palmitic (16:0), oleic (18:1n-9), linoleic (18:2n-6), linolenic (18:3n-3), eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3), and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) acid ethyl esters. tag extracted from the enriched and unenriched nauplii were subjected to regiospecific analysis to determine the fatty acid compositions of the sn-1(3) and sn-2 positions of tag. in the unenriched nauplii, 1 ...200212381381
molecular chaperones, stress resistance and development in artemia franciscana.embryos of the brine shrimp, artemia franciscana, either develop directly into swimming larvae or are released from females as encysted gastrulae (cysts) which enter diapause, a reversible state of dormancy. metabolic activity in diapause cysts is very low and these embryos are remarkably resistant to physiological stresses. encysting embryos, but not those undergoing uninterrupted development, synthesize large amounts of two proteins, namely p26 and artemin. cloning and sequencing demonstrated ...200314986854
a small heat shock/alpha-crystallin protein from encysted artemia embryos suppresses tubulin denaturation.small heat shock/alpha-crystallin proteins function as molecular chaperones, protecting other proteins from irreversible denaturation by an energy-independent process. the brine shrimp, artemia franciscana, produces a small heat shock/alpha-crystallin protein termed p26, found in embryos undergoing encystment, diapause, and metabolic arrest. these embryos withstand long-term anoxia and other stresses normally expected to cause death, a property likely dependent on molecular chaperone activity. t ...200314627204
posterior patterning genes and the identification of a unique body region in the brine shrimp artemia franciscana.all arthropods share the same basic set of hox genes, although the expression of these genes differs among divergent groups. in the brine shrimp artemia franciscana, their expression is limited to the head, thoracic/trunk and genital segments, but is excluded from more posterior parts of the body which consist of six post-genital segments and the telson (bearing the anus). nothing is currently known about the genes that specify the identity of these posterior structures. we examine the expressio ...200314561635
mitochondrial mrna stability and polyadenylation during anoxia-induced quiescence in the brine shrimp artemia franciscana.polyadenylation of messenger rna is known to be an important mechanism for regulating mrna stability in a variety of systems, including bacteria, chloroplasts and plant mitochondria. by comparison, little is known about the role played by polyadenylation in animal mitochondrial gene expression. we have used embryos of the brine shrimp artemia franciscana to test hypotheses regarding message stability and polyadenylation under conditions simulating anoxia-induced quiescence. in response to anoxia ...200312966060
regulation of promoter occupancy during activation of cryptobiotic embryos from the crustacean artemia franciscana.artemia franciscana embryos can suspend their development and metabolism at the gastrula stage to enter a state of cryptobiosis, forming cysts. embryonic development and metabolism can be resumed under favorable environmental conditions to give rise to free-swimming larvae or nauplii. the mechanisms that mediate these processes are not completely known. here, we report our studies of the mechanisms that regulate transcriptional activation upon exiting cryptobiosis. regulatory regions of several ...200312654895
chronic toxicity of arsenic to the great salt lake brine shrimp, artemia franciscana.we determined the chronic toxicity of arsenic (sodium arsenate) to the great salt lake brine shrimp, artemia franciscana. chronic toxicity was determined by measuring the adverse effects of arsenic on brine shrimp growth, survival, and reproduction under intermittent flow-through conditions. the study commenced with <24-h-old nauplii, continued through reproduction of the parental generation, and ended after 28 days of exposure. the concentrations tested were 4, 8, 15, 31, and 56mg/l dissolved a ...200312550094
transcriptional initiation under conditions of anoxia-induced quiescence in mitochondria from artemia franciscana embryos.in response to anoxia, embryos of the brine shrimp artemia franciscana are able coordinately to downregulate metabolism to levels low enough to permit survival for several years at room temperature. in addition to dramatic decreases in free atp levels and heat production, intracellular ph drops from 7.8 to 6.3 overnight. use of isolated mitochondria to study transcriptional responses to anoxia offers several advantages: (1). the localized nature of transcript initiation, processing and degradati ...200312502778
molecular characterization of artemin and ferritin from artemia franciscana.embryos of the brine shrimp, artemia franciscana, exhibit remarkable resistance to physiological stress, which is temporally correlated with the presence of two proteins, one a small heat shock/alpha-crystallin protein termed p26 and the other called artemin, of unknown function. artemin was sequenced previously by edman degradation, and its relationship to ferritin, an iron storage protein, established. the isolation from an artemia expressed sequence tag library of artemin and ferritin cdnas e ...200312492484
the toxicity of cationic surfactants in four bioassays.the purpose of this study was to investigate the toxicity of 15 quaternary ammonium compounds (qacs) in a battery of four bioassays comprising the bacterium vibrio fischeri, two ciliated protozoa spirostomum ambiguum and tetrahymena thermophia, and the anostracean crustacean artemia franciscana. the compounds were prepared by professor pernak's group at poznań university of technology (poland). the toxicity of the test compounds was very high, with ec(lc)(50) values varying from 0.11 to 70 micro ...200312547639
using bioassays for testing seawater quality in greece.the objective of this work was the assessment of seawater quality in thermaikos gulf, pagassitikos gulf and skiathos island in northern aegean sea by the use of bioassays. two bioassays using marine organisms as indicators of seawater quality were applied in this study; the invertebrate artemia franciscana and the marine bioluminescent bacterium vibrio fischeri. bioassays are required for the integrated evaluation of water pollution, as physical and chemical tests alone are not sufficient enough ...200312680581
virulence of luminous vibrios to artemia franciscana nauplii.from healthy and diseased penaeid shrimp from asia and the americas, 25 luminous and 2 non-luminous bacterial strains were isolated, and 14 were phenotypically identified as vibrio harveyi; 9 isolates produced significant mortalities (45 to 80%) in artemia franciscana nauplii at inoculation densities of 10(5) to 10(6) cfu ml(-1) compared to the controls (unchallenged nauplii). the maximum number of bacteria ingested (bioencapsulated) by the artemia nauplii varied from less than 10 to 10(3) cfu n ...200312691194
a 49 kda microtubule cross-linking protein from artemia franciscana is a coenzyme a-transferase.embryos and larvae of the brine shrimp, artemia franciscana, were shown previously to possess a protein, now termed p49, which cross-links microtubules in vitro. molecular characteristics of p49 were described, but the protein's identity and its role in the cell were not determined. degenerate oligonucleotide primers designed on the basis of peptide sequence obtained by edman degradation during this study were used to generate p49 cdnas by rt-pcr and these were cloned and sequenced. comparison w ...200314653822
white spot syndrome virus (wssv) infectivity for artemia at different developmental stages.white spot syndrome virus (wssv) is a major pathogen of cultivated shrimp, but its host range includes a large number of crustaceans. in this investigation, artemia franciscana was tested for susceptibility to wssv by the oral route. both instars and adults were challenged, and the presence of wssv was followed through to reproductive cysts and offspring using pcr. wssv caused a much lower cumulative mortality in artemia than in cultivated shrimp by 10 d post-challenge. instars, adults and repro ...200314960040
contamination by persistent organochlorines in cetaceans incidentally caught along brazilian coastal waters.wide ranges of organochlorine residues were determined in the blubber of franciscana (pontoporia blainvillei), estuarine dolphin (sotalia guianensis), atlantic spotted dolphin (stenella frontalis), and long-beaked common dolphin (delphinus capensis) incidentally caught along brazilian coastal waters. concentrations of ddts and pcbs were the highest, followed by chls, tcpmoh, dieldrin, tcpme, heptachlor epoxide, hcb, and hchs. unexpectedly, significant pollution of pcbs, ddts, tcpme, and tcpmoh w ...200415025172
effect of advanced oxidation processes on the toxicity of municipal landfill leachates.the aim of the present study was to assess the effect of advanced oxidation processes (aops) (oxidation ozone and peroxide/ozone) on the toxicity of leachates from municipal landfill for warsaw, poland, using a battery of tests. aops used to pre-treat leachates were carried out in laboratory conditions after their coagulation with the use of fecl3. the effects of the pre-treatment of leachates using the method of coagulation with fecl3 depended on the concentration of organic compounds and with ...200415077983
a small heat-shock protein, p26, from the crustacean artemia protects mammalian cells (cos-1) against oxidative damage.a small heat-shock protein (p26) purified from stress-resistant embryos of the crustacean, artemia franciscana, was introduced into cultured cells of green monkey kidney (cos-1) using the bioporter delivery system. cells containing p26 exhibited impressive resistance to hydrogen peroxide compared to controls. introduction of the disaccharide trehalose did not provide protection against oxidative damage, but enhanced substantially the protective performance of p26 when both were present. these st ...200415223021
oligomerization, chaperone activity, and nuclear localization of p26, a small heat shock protein from artemia franciscana.artemia franciscana embryos undergo encystment, developmental arrest and diapause, the last characterized by profound metabolic dormancy and extreme stress resistance. encysted embryos contain an abundant small heat shock protein termed p26, a molecular chaperone that undoubtedly has an important role in development. to understand better the role of p26 in artemia embryos, the structural and functional characteristics of full-length and truncated p26 expressed in escherichia coli and cos-1 cells ...200415258152
concentration and subcellular distribution of trace elements in liver of small cetaceans incidentally caught along the brazilian coast.concentrations of trace elements (v, cr, mn, fe, co, cu, zn, ga, as, se, rb, sr, mo, ag, cd, sb, cs, ba, t-hg, org-hg, tl and pb) were determined in liver samples of estuarine dolphin (sotalia guianensis; n = 20), franciscana dolphin (pontoporia blainvillei; n = 23), atlantic spotted dolphin (stenella frontalis; n = 2), common dolphin (delphinus capensis; n = 1) and striped dolphin (stenella coeruleoalba; n = 1) incidentally caught along the coast of sao paulo state and parana state, brazil, fro ...200415476836
[composition of fat acids in three mexican populations of artemia franciscana from epicontinental waters].in this paper is presented the percentage of fatty acids composition of three artemia franciscana mexican populations of epicontinentals waters; two are from natural environments (coahuila and san luis potosf) and one (texcoco) is a culture fed with spirulina. determination of fatty acids composition in each population, was performed by extraction of total lipid by the soxhlet method and the fatty acids methyl esters were determined by gas chromatography. the results show that artemia of texcoco ...200417357427
molecular systematics and biogeography of the southern south american freshwater "crabs" aegla (decapoda: anomura: aeglidae) using multiple heuristic tree search approaches.recently new heuristic genetic algorithms such as treefinder and metaga have been developed to search for optimal trees in a maximum likelihood (ml) framework. in this study we combined these methods with other standard heuristic approaches such as ml and maximum parsimony hill-climbing searches and bayesian inference coupled with markov chain monte carlo techniques under homogeneous and mixed models of evolution to conduct an extensive phylogenetic analysis of the most abundant and widely distr ...200415545254
shell protein characteristics and vitellogenin-like proteins in brine shrimp artemia franciscana exposed to municipal effluent and 20-hydroxyecdysone.we developed biomarkers to monitor the endocrine-disrupting potential of contaminants and municipal effluents in aquatic arthropods. artemia fransciscana shrimp were cultured and exposed to increasing concentrations of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20he) and solid phase (c-8) municipal effluent extract (mee) for 48 h at 20 degrees c. the levels of vitellogenin (vtg)-like proteins, alkali-labile phosphates in total proteins and acetylcholinesterase (ache) activity were determined in soft tissues. the level ...200415536059
characterization of a cathepsin l-associated protein in artemia and its relationship to the fas-i family of cell adhesion proteins.we reported previously that the major cysteine protease in embryos and larvae of the brine shrimp, artemia franciscana, is a heterodimeric protein consisting of a catalytic subunit (28.5 kda) with a high degree of homology with cathepsin l, and a noncatalytic subunit (31.5 kda) of unknown function. in the study reported here the noncatalytic subunit, or cathepsin l-associated protein (clap), was separated from cathepsin l by chromatography on mono s and found to contain multiple isoforms with pi ...200415479230
hedgehog is a segment polarity gene in a crustacean and a chelicerate.the evolution of arthropod segmentation has been studied by comparing expression patterns of pair-rule and segment polarity genes in various species. in drosophila, the formation and maintenance of the parasegmental boundaries depend on the interactions between the wingless (wg), engrailed (en) and hedgehog (hh) genes. until now, the expression pattern of hh has not been analysed to such a great extent as en or wg. we report the cloning and expression analysis of hh genes from euscorpius flavica ...200415365834
habitat diversity and adaptation to environmental stress in encysted embryos of the crustacean artemia.encysted embryos (cysts) of the brine shrimp, artemia, provide excellent opportunities for the study of biochemical and biophysical adaptation to extremes of environmental stress in animals. among other virtues, this organism is found in a wide variety of hypersaline habitats, ranging from deserts, to tropics, to mountains. one adaptation implicated in the ecological success of artemia is p26, a small heat shock protein that previous evidence indicates plays the role of a molecular chaperone in ...200415625404
ancestral role of caudal genes in axis elongation and segmentation.caudal (cad/cdx) genes are essential for the formation of posterior structures in drosophila, caenorhabditis elegans, and vertebrates. in contrast to drosophila, the majority of arthropods generate their segments sequentially from a posteriorly located growth zone, a process known as short-germ development. caudal homologues are expressed in the growth zone of diverse short-germ arthropods, but until now their functional role in these animals had not been studied. here, we use rna interference t ...200415598743
a small heat shock protein from artemia franciscana is phosphorylated at serine 50.encysted embryos of artemia franciscana are exceptionally resistant to stress and an important part of this tolerance involves p26, a small heat shock protein which functions as a molecular chaperone. cloning and sequencing of randomly selected p26 cdnas produced by rt-pcr with poly(a)(+) mrna from encysted embryos as template yielded 10 clones encoding identical polypeptides. the noncoding nucleotide sequences extending from the termination codon to the poly(a) tail of each clone were also iden ...200415210127
influence of photoperiod and temperature on reproductive mode in the brine shrimp, artemia franciscana.brine shrimp, artemia, exhibit two modes of reproduction: oviparity (diapause cyst production) and ovoviviparity (live larvae release). environmental conditions determining these developmental routes are poorly understood, so we investigated the effects of photoperiod and temperature on reproductive mode. nauplii of a. franciscana were hatched from cysts produced in the great salt lake, utah, and raised in 2% natural sea salt water under photoperiods of 24, 14, 12, or 10 h at 28 degrees or 20 de ...200415181648
artemin is an rna-binding protein with high thermal stability and potential rna chaperone activity.encysted embryos of the crustacean, artemia franciscana, are among the most stress-resistant of all multicellular eukaryotes, due in part to massive amounts of p26, a small heat shock protein, that acts as a molecular chaperone. these embryos contain equally large amounts of another protein called artemin, of previously unknown function, that we report on here. its thermal stability allows large-scale purification in about a day, using ammonium sulfate fractionation and incubation at 70 degrees ...200415047191
differences in prey capture in grass shrimp, palaemonetes pugio, collected along an environmental impact gradient.the waterways and associated salt marshes along the western border of staten island, new york (arthur kill) have long been under environmental duress. environmental threats include industrial and municipal discharges, oil spills, and possible leachate from landfills. these impacts are compounded due to the low flushing of this body of water. grass shrimp, palaemonetes pugio, inhabiting the arthur kill are, therefore, potentially at risk of exposure to metal and organic pollutants. successful pre ...200415025167
spatial organization and isotubulin composition of microtubules in epidermal tendon cells of artemia franciscana.epidermally derived tendon cells attach the exoskeleton (cuticle) of the branchiopod crustacean, artemia franciscana, to underlying muscle in the hindgut, while the structurally similar transalar tendon (epithelial) cells, which also arise from the epidermis and are polarized, connect dorsal and ventral exopodite surfaces. to establish these latter attachments the transalar tendon cells interact with cuticles on opposite sides of the exopodite by way of their apical surfaces and with one another ...200515593343
a short-term sublethal in situ toxicity assay with hediste diversicolor (polychaeta) for estuarine sediments based on postexposure feeding.this study evaluated a short-term sublethal endpoint for in situ toxicity assays for estuarine sediments, based on postexposure feeding of the polychaete hediste (nereis) diversicolor müller. a method for precisely quantifying postexposure feeding rates of h. diversicolor was established under laboratory conditions using artemia franciscana kellog nauplii. the sensitivity of the postexposure feeding response to copper was investigated by comparing postexposure feeding rates to growth and lethali ...200516152974
v-atpase inhibition prevents recovery from anoxia in artemia franciscana embryos: quiescence signaling through dissipation of proton gradients.the metabolic downregulation critical for long-term survival of artemia franciscana embryos under anoxia is mediated, in part, by a progressive intracellular acidification. however, very little is known about the mechanisms responsible for the ph transitions associated with exposure to, and recovery from, oxygen deprivation. in the present study, we demonstrate with 31p-nmr that incubation of intact embryos with the v-atpase inhibitor bafilomycin a1 severely limits intracellular alkalinization d ...200516000548
v-atpase expression during development of artemia franciscana embryos: potential role for proton gradients in anoxia signaling.under anoxia, artemia franciscana embryos downregulate metabolic processes and approach an ametabolic state. entrance into this quiescent state is accompanied by a profound acidification of the intracellular space, and more than two decades of research now clearly demonstrates that this acidification is critical to metabolic downregulation in anoxic embryos. however, the proximal mechanisms responsible for the ph shift remain largely unidentified. here, we report evidence demonstrating expressio ...200516000547
comparative study on the environmental risk induced by several pyrethroids in estuarine and freshwater invertebrate organisms.the acute toxicity of permethrin, resmethrin, and cypermethrin to four species of aquatic non-target invertebrate organisms, found in estuarine and freshwater ecosystems, was evaluated. artemia franciscana and brachionus plicatilis larvae, as estuarine organisms, and brachionus calyciflorus and thamnocephalus platyurus larvae, as freshwater organisms, were exposed for 24 h to concentrations of these pyrethroids, and the lc(50) values were compared. the freshwater organisms were more sensitive to ...200515788178
estimate of the effects of ultraviolet radiation on the mortality of artemia franciscana in naupliar and adult stages.the impact of different doses of artificial ultraviolet (uv) radiation on the growth stages of a marine zooplankton was investigated using laboratory microcosms. mortality percentages of naupliar and adult samples of artemia franciscana were recorded in relation to different uv doses (single exposure: 75, 150, 300, 600, 1,200, 2,400, 3,900, 7,800 j m(-2)) at specific observation times after exposure (24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h). the relationship between mortality percentage and uv dose showed sign ...200515703939
acute toxicity and inhibition of phototaxis induced by benzalkonium chloride in artemia franciscana larvae. 200516402313
desiccation tolerance in encysted embryos of the animal extremophile, artemia.encysted embryos (cysts) of the primitive crustacean, artemia franciscana, are among the most resistant of all animal life history stages to extremes of environmental stress. these embryos, extremophiles of the animal kingdom, are the main focus of this paper. previous work has revealed the importance of biochemical and biophysical adaptations that provide a significant part of the basis of their resistance, and i consider some of these here. in the present paper the critical role played by the ...200521676822
determination of biological and physicochemical parameters of artemia franciscana strains in hypersaline environments for aquaculture in the colombian caribbean.artemia (crustacea, anostraca), also known as brine shrimp, are typical inhabitants of extreme environments. these hypersaline environments vary considerably in their physicochemical composition, and even their climatic conditions and elevation. several thalassohaline (marine) environments along the colombian caribbean coast were surveyed in order to contribute to the knowledge of brine shrimp biotopes in south america by determining some vital biological and physicochemical parameters for artem ...200516250916
mitochondrial permeability transition in the crustacean artemia franciscana: absence of a calcium-regulated pore in the face of profound calcium storage.when mammalian mitochondria are exposed to high calcium and phosphate, a massive swelling, uncoupling of respiration, and release of cytochrome c occur. these changes are mediated by opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mptp). activation of the mptp in vivo in response to hypoxic and oxidative stress leads to necrotic and apoptotic cell death. considering that embryos of the brine shrimp artemia franciscana tolerate anoxia for years, we investigated the mptp in this crustac ...200515718386
corynosoma australe johnston, 1937 and c. cetaceum johnston & best, 1942 (acanthocephala: polymorphidae) from marine mammals and fishes in argentinian waters: allozyme markers and taxonomic status.genetic and morphological studies were carried out on acanthocephalans belonging to corynosoma lühe, 1904 and referable to the species c. cetaceum johnston & best, 1942 and c. australe johnston, 1937, which were recovered from both definitive and intermediate hosts in argentinian waters. the aims were to estimate the level of genetic differentiation between the two taxa at any stage of their life-cycle, to provide genetic (allozyme) markers for their recognition and to analyse the systematic sta ...200515980967
comparison of several toxicity tests applied to complex wastewaters and mussel biomarkers in receiving waters.in this study, the complex wastewaters/effluents discharged to coastal regions of turkey and greece were sampled, and various toxicity tests were applied. the bioassays used included the assessment of the luminescence inhibition of the bacterium vibrio fisheri, the photosynthesis inhibition (14c uptake rate) and growth inhibition of the algal species phaeodactylum tricornutum, and the mortality of the crustacean artemia franciscana and rotifer brachionus plicatilis. additionally, "neutral red re ...200515991721
a short-term sublethal in situ sediment assay with chironomus riparius based on postexposure feeding.a short-term, sublethal, and cost-effective in situ sediment toxicity assay for routine assessments with the midge chironomus riparius meigen, based on postexposure feeding, was developed and evaluated. an inexpensive and easy-to-use assay chamber was designed. a sediment toxicity assay was successfully performed at a lentic system impacted by acid mine drainage, at sites with different types of sediment. it consisted of a 48-h exposure period followed by a 1-h postexposure feeding during which ...200516001149
the impact of mutations in the quorum sensing systems of aeromonas hydrophila, vibrio anguillarum and vibrio harveyi on their virulence towards gnotobiotically cultured artemia franciscana.disruption of quorum sensing, bacterial cell-to-cell communication by means of small signal molecules, has been suggested as a new anti-infective strategy for aquaculture. however, data about the impact of quorum sensing on the virulence of aquatic pathogens are scarce. in this study, a model system using gnotobiotically cultured artemia franciscana was developed in order to determine the impact of mutations in the quorum sensing systems of aeromonas hydrophila, vibrio anguillarum and v. harveyi ...200516011761
effects of bacteria on artemia franciscana cultured in different gnotobiotic environments.the use of probiotics is receiving considerable attention as an alternative approach to control microbiota in aquaculture farms, especially in hatching facilities. however, application with consistent results is hampered by insufficient information on their modes of action. to investigate whether dead bacteria (allowing investigation of their nutritional effect) or live bacteria (allowing evaluation of their probiotic effect) have any beneficial effect towards artemia franciscana and, subsequent ...200516085818
mapping auditory cortex in the la plata dolphin (pontoporia blainvillei).this study deals with the mapping of the primary and secondary auditory cortex. due to their important role in echolocation they were the first areas to be examined [p.j. morgane, m.s. jacobs, in: r.j. harrison (ed.), functional anatomy of marine mammals, comparative anatomy of the cetacean nervous system, vol. 1, academic press, london, 1972, pp. 117-144]. we analysed the brain of a la plata dolphin (pontoporia blainvillei), which had been fixed in formaldehyde, embedded in paraffin, cut in sec ...200516144613
characterization of novel sequence motifs within n- and c-terminal extensions of p26, a small heat shock protein from artemia franciscana.the small heat shock proteins function as molecular chaperones, an activity often requiring reversible oligomerization and which protects against irreversible protein denaturation. an abundantly produced small heat shock protein termed p26 is thought to contribute to the remarkable stress resistance exhibited by encysted embryos of the crustacean, artemia franciscana. three novel sequence motifs termed g, r and ts were individually deleted from p26 by site-directed mutagenesis. g encompasses res ...200516218954
exploring embryonic germ line development in the water flea, daphnia magna, by zinc-finger-containing vasa as a marker.vasa is an atp-dependent rna helicase belonging to the dead-box family that, in many organisms, is specifically expressed in germ line cells throughout the life cycle, making it a powerful molecular marker to study germ line development. to obtain further information on germ line development in crustaceans, we cloned vasa cdnas from three branchiopod species: water fleas daphnia magna and moina macrocopa, and brine shrimp artemia franciscana. rna helicase domains in branchiopod vasa were highly ...200515939379
bioenhancement of cadmium transfer along a multi-level food chain.previous studies have shown that metal partitioned to a subcellular compartment containing trophically available metal (tam) is readily available to predators and may be enhanced by increased binding of metal to heat-stable proteins (hsp - e.g., metallothioneins). the aim of the current investigation was to determine the influence of tam on the trophic transfer of cd along an experimental, three-level food chain: artemia franciscana (brine shrimp)-->palaemonetes pugio (grass shrimp)-->fundulus h ...200515603770
further characterization of the cathepsin l-associated protein and its gene in two species of the brine shrimp, artemia.the major cysteine protease in embryos and larvae of the brine shrimp artemia franciscana is a heterodimer composed of a cathepsin l-like polypeptide of 28.5 kda and a 31.5 kda polypeptide called the cathepsin l-associated protein or clap. in a previous study, clap was shown to be a cell adhesion protein containing two fas i domains and two gtp/atp binding sites known as walker a and b motifs. here, we have characterized clap and its genes to better understand the role of this protein in artemia ...200616962350
exiguobacterium mexicanum sp. nov. and exiguobacterium artemiae sp. nov., isolated from the brine shrimp artemia franciscana.two gram-positive strains isolated from cysts of the brine shrimp artemia franciscana were subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic analysis. based on 16s rrna gene sequence comparison and composition of isoprenoid quinones, peptidoglycan and fatty acids, these organisms are members of the genus exiguobacterium. both strains showed 95.9% 16s rrna gene sequence similarity to one another. the 16s rrna gene sequences of strain 8n(t) and 9an(t) were 97.5% and 98.9% similar to those of exiguobacterium aur ...200616564954
inhibition of apoptosis by p26: implications for small heat shock protein function during artemia development.p26, an abundantly expressed small heat shock protein, is thought to establish stress resistance in oviparously developing embryos of the crustacean artemia franciscana by preventing irreversible protein denaturation, but it might also promote survival by inhibiting apoptosis. to test this possibility, stably transfected mammalian cells producing p26 were generated and their ability to resist apoptosis induction determined. examination of immunofluorescently stained transfected 293h cells by con ...200616572731
quorum sensing-disrupting brominated furanones protect the gnotobiotic brine shrimp artemia franciscana from pathogenic vibrio harveyi, vibrio campbellii, and vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates.autoinducer 2 (ai-2) quorum sensing was shown before to regulate the virulence of vibrio harveyi towards the brine shrimp artemia franciscana. in this study, several different pathogenic v. harveyi, vibrio campbellii, and vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates were shown to produce ai-2. furthermore, disruption of ai-2 quorum sensing by a natural and a synthetic brominated furanone protected gnotobiotic artemia from the pathogenic isolates in in vivo challenge tests.200616957276
a biometric and ecologic comparison between artemia from mexico and chile.a preliminary biometric and ecologic database for the brine shrimp artemia from mexico and chile is presented. the area abounds in small and seasonal ponds and large inland lakes, the latter mainly located in mexico, although relatively large and isolated lakes are found in complex hydrological settings in pre-high plateau areas of chile. this paper summarizes research efforts aimed at the localization, characterization, and evaluation of the aquaculture potential of artemia populations in mexic ...200617125517
[biological and biochemical quality of the artemia (anostraca: artemiidae) population from real de salinas saltworks, calkiní, campeche, mexico].cysts of artemia spp. collected from february 1997 to february 2000 in the real de salinas solar saltworks, campeche, mexico, were compared with artemia franciscana (batch number 8,131 microfeast artemia cysts, texas, usa). the variables determined in these two populations were: number of cysts per gram, hatching percentage, hatching efficiency, hatching rate, hatching synchrony and hatching biomass, as well as diameter of the cysts and length of the nauplii (instar i). for salinas, the average ...200618457164
expression of hunchback during trunk segmentation in the branchiopod crustacean artemia franciscana.comparative studies have shown that some aspects of segmentation are widely conserved among arthropods. yet, it is still unclear whether the molecular prepatterns that are required for segmentation in drosophila are likely to be similarly conserved in other arthropod groups. homologues of the drosophila gap genes, like hunchback, show regionally restricted expression patterns during the early phases of segmentation in diverse insects, but their expression patterns in other arthropod groups are n ...200616244886
comparative toxicokinetics of cadmium in artemia.the toxicokinetics of cadmium was determined for five populations belonging to four species of artemia (a. salina, a. parthenogenetica, a. franciscana, and a. persimilis) using a bicompartmental model. the effects of sublethal cadmium concentration on the kinetic parameters in a. parthenogenetica were determined. the bcf values are inversely related to the concentration, as is the uptake rate (ku), whilst the elimination rate (ke) constant seems to be directly related to the exposure concentrati ...200616237493
gut reaction by heartless shrimps: experimental evidence for the role of the gut in generating circulation before cardiac ontogeny.before the appearance of a functional heart in many invertebrate species, the assumption was that general body movements provide circulatory function. consequently, i investigated the frequency of gut movements in the brine shrimp, artemia franciscana, immediately post-hatch to the point when a functional heart appeared. prior to cardiac ontogeny, movements of internal musculature and gut provided pre-cardiac circulatory currents with the rate of gut movements increasing when swimming limbs were ...200617148293
artemia is capable of spreading oocysts of cryptosporidium and the cysts of giardia.the capability for ingesting and spreading the fixed oocysts of cryptosporidium and fixed cysts of giardia, two waterborne protozoan parasites, by artemia franciscana, a microcrustacean widely used as live diet in fish and shellfish larviculture, was demonstrated using differential interference contrast and immunofluorescence microscopy. our findings suggest the possibility that this microcrustacean could serve as a disseminating vehicle of both parasites in aquatic environments.200617123406
using an integrated approach to link biomarker responses and physiological stress to growth impairment of cadmium-exposed larval topsmelt.in this study, we used an integrated approach to determine whether key biochemical, cellular, and physiological responses were related to growth impairment of cadmium (cd)-exposed larval topsmelt (atherinops affinis). food intake (artemia franciscana nauplii), oxygen consumption rates, apoptotic dna fragmentation (tunel assay), and metallothionein (mt)-like protein levels, were separately measured in relation to growth of larval topsmelt aqueously exposed to sublethal doses of cd for 14 days. ca ...200617083987
knockdown of spalt function by rnai causes de-repression of hox genes and homeotic transformations in the crustacean artemia franciscana.hox genes play a central role in the specification of distinct segmental identities in the body of arthropods. the specificity of hox genes depends on their restricted expression domains, their interaction with specific cofactors and selectivity for particular target genes. spalt genes are associated with the function of hox genes in diverse species, but the nature of this association varies: in some cases, spalt collaborates with hox genes to specify segmental identities, in others, it regulate ...200616934794
comparisons of stress proteins and soluble carbohydrate in encysted embryos of artemia franciscana and two species of parartemia.we compared stress proteins (p26, artemin, hsp70) and alcohol-soluble carbohydrates (asc) in cysts of artemia franciscana and two as yet un-named species populations of parartemia, the brine shrimp endemic to australia. the small stress proteins and molecular chaperones, p26 and artemin, previously thought to be restricted to artemia, and present in very large amounts in its encysted embryos (cysts), were also detected by western blotting in parartemia cysts, even though roughly 85-100 million y ...200616914339
effects of copper, cadmium, and zinc on the hatching success of brine shrimp (artemia franciscana).previous studies indicate that the hatching success of brine shrimp (artemia franciscana) cysts is surprisingly sensitive to ambient metal concentrations. these studies estimated median effective concentrations (ec50s) of 7, 5, and 28 microg l-1 for cd, cu, and zn, suggesting that the hatching end point for a. franciscana is the most sensitive tested to date for cd and zn in saline environments and comparable in sensitivity with the most sensitive tested to date for cu. furthermore, these data s ...200616897274
molecular phylogenetics and asexuality in the brine shrimp artemia.explaining cases of long-term persistence of parthenogenesis has proven an arduous task for evolutionary biologists. interpreting sexual-asexual interactions though has recently advanced owing to methodological design, increased taxon sampling and choice of model organisms. we inferred the phylogeny of artemia, a halophilic branchiopod genus of sexual and parthenogenetic forms with cosmopolitan distribution, marked geographic patterns and ecological partitioning. joint analysis of newly derived ...200616753307
characterization of the microtubule proteome during post-diapause development of artemia franciscana.the microtubule proteome encompasses tubulin and a diverse group of proteins which associate with tubulin upon microtubule formation. these proteins either determine microtubule organization and function or their activity is influenced by microtubule association. to characterize the microtubule proteome in artemia franciscana, tubulin assembly was induced with taxol in vitro after 0 and 12 h of post-diapause development. proteins obtained by extraction of microtubules with 0.5 m nacl were electr ...200616631421
diversity, structure, and expression of the gene for p26, a small heat shock protein from artemia.p26, a small heat shock protein, is thought to protect artemia embryos from stress during encystment and diapause. full-length p26 cdnas were compared and used to determine phylogenetic relationships between several artemia species. the alpha-crystallin domain of p26 was the most conserved region of the protein and p26 from each artemia species contained characteristic amino-terminal wd/epf and carboxy-terminal vpi motifs. sequence conservation suggested the importance of p26 to oviparously deve ...200616571370
functional and phylogenetic analyses of phenoloxidases from brachyuran (cancer magister) and branchiopod (artemia franciscana, triops longicaudatus) crustaceans.arthropod phenoloxidases catalyze the melanization and sclerotization of the new postmolt exoskeleton, and they function in the immune response. hemocyanin, phylogenetically related to phenoloxidase, can function as a phenoloxidase under certain conditions. we investigated the relative contributions of hemocyte phenoloxidase and hemocyanin in the brachyuran crab cancer magister, using the physiological ratio at which they occur in the hemolymph, and found that hemocyte phenoloxidase has higher a ...200616501063
structural and functional roles for beta-strand 7 in the alpha-crystallin domain of p26, a polydisperse small heat shock protein from artemia franciscana.oviparous development in the extremophile crustacean, artemia franciscana, generates encysted embryos which enter a profound state of dormancy, termed diapause. encystment is marked by the synthesis of p26, a polydisperse small heat shock protein thought to protect embryos from stress. in order to elucidate structural/functional relationships within p26 and other polydisperse small heat shock proteins, and to better define the protein's role during diapause, amino acid substitutions r110g, f112r ...200616478475
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