Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| evidence for a separate signal sequence for the carboxy-terminal envelope glycoprotein e1 of semliki forest virus. | when semliki forest virus temperature-sensitive mutant ts-3 was grown at the restrictive temperature an aberrant nascent cleavage of the 130,000-dalton structural polyprotein took place relatively frequently. this cleavage yielded an abnormal 86,000-dalton fusion protein (p86) consisting of the amino-terminal capsid protein linked to the amino acid sequences of envelope protein p62 (a precursor of e3 and e2). the other cleavage product was the carboxy-terminal envelope protein e1. p86 was not gl ... | 1981 | 7241658 |
| amino-terminal sequence analysis of alphavirus polypeptides. | the single late 26s mrna of semliki forest virus (sfv) directs the synthesis of the four viral structural proteins, c, e3, e2, and e1, and the recently described nonstructural protein, 6k. we report here partial nh2-terminal amino acid sequences of the sfv polypeptides e3 and 6k and of p62, the precursor to e3 and e2. in addition, were have determined a partial nh2-terminal sequence of the sindbis virus homolog of 6k, the 4.2k protein. p62 and e3 of sfv have identical nh2-terminal amino acid seq ... | 1981 | 7241669 |
| expression of viral dna in adenovirus type 12-transformed cells, in tumor cells, and in revertants. | the expression as cytoplasmic rna of integrated human adenovirus type 12 (ad12) dna in transformed and tumor cell lines and in revertants was investigated. the transformed and tumor cells contained multiple copies of the viral genome, 3 to 22 copies per cell in different cell lines. the integrated ad12 dna molecules persisted intact or nearly intact and in most cases colinear with the virion dna. in the revertant cell lines, which were derived from cell line t637 (22 copies of ad12 dna per cell) ... | 1981 | 7288917 |
| cortisol protection of the granulocyte response to isoproterenol during an in vitro influenza virus incubation. | isolated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmns) release beta glucuronidase (bg) lysosomal enzyme during incubation with complement-activated zymosan particles. in asthma, isoproterenol (iso) and histamine (his) inhibition of pmn lysosomal enzyme release is impaired while the prostaglandin e1 (pge1) response is normal. during a respiratory infection provoking asthma, the pmn response to iso is further impaired. the pmn response to iso, his, and pge1 is similarly impaired following an in vitro ... | 1981 | 7462534 |
| uptake and survival of enteric viruses in the blue crab, callinectes sapidus. | uptake of poliovirus 1 by the blue crab, callinectes sapidus, was measured to assess the likelihood of contamination by human enteric viruses. virus was found in all parts of the crab within 2 h after the crab was placed in contaminated artificial seawater. the highest concentrations of virus were found in the hemolymph and digestive tract, but the meat also contained virus. the concentration of virus in the crabs was generally less than in the surrounding water. changes in salinity did not subs ... | 1981 | 6261683 |
| virion polypeptide heterogeneity among virulent and avirulent strains of eastern equine encephalitis (eee) virus. | comparative analysis of structural virion polypeptides of 24 selected eee virus strains, representing north and south american types, was performed by one-dimensional discontinuous sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds)-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (page). the structural proteins of different eee virus isolates, resolved by this method, exhibited mol.wts. values in the range of 57-60 x 10(3) for (e-1), 51-54 x 10(3) for (e-2) and 35-38 x 10(3) daltons for the core (np) nucleocapsid. the exception wa ... | 1981 | 6268022 |
| early interaction between mouse hepatitis virus 3 and cells. | the interaction between mouse hepatitis virus 3 (mhv3) and cells was studied in order to investigate whether or not early events occurring after infection could be involved in the difference in virus replication seen between mouse strains with different genetic sensitivities to mhv3 infection. kinetic data showed that mhv3 uptake by both macrophages and l cells was time- and temperature-dependent. in addition, treatment of cells with cytochalasin b or prostaglandin e1, prior to virus infection, ... | 1981 | 6275022 |
| viral protein synthesis in mouse hepatitis virus strain a59-infected cells: effect of tunicamycin. | we identified eight protein species in virions of mouse hepatitis virus strain a59. based on their sizes, prosthetic groups, and locations in virions, these proteins were designated gp180/e2, gp90/e2, pp54/n, gp26.5/e1, gp25.5/e1, p24/e1, p22/x, and p14.5/y. the positions of the last two proteins in virions are not known. host protein synthesis in sac(-) cells infected with mouse hepatitis virus strain a59 was inhibited, and the following novel proteins appeared: gp150, gp90, p54, gp26.5, gp25.5 ... | 1981 | 6275093 |
| a cascade of adenovirus early functions is required for expression of adeno-associated virus. | one measurable biological activity of early adenovirus genes is their ability to promote growth of the defective adeno-associated virus, aav. we have identified an ordered sequence of communications among the early genes of adenovirus type 2 (ad2) that results in expression of the helper activity. we purified dna fragments and mrnas corresponding to early ad2 regions e1, e2a, e3 and e4 and injected them via glass capillaries into aav-infected cells. dnas were placed in the nucleus, mrnas in the ... | 1981 | 6276019 |
| roles of polyamines in the replication of animal viruses. | several animal viruses are known to contain significant amounts of polyamines but so far the function of these viral components is poorly understood. in this study the role of polyamines in the replication of two different types of viruses, herpes simplex virus type 2 and semliki forest virus (sfv) has been investigated. purified sfv was found to contain fairly small amounts of polyamines, sufficient to neutralize only about 3% of viral nucleic acid phosphate, i.e., 1/20 of that found in herpes ... | 1981 | 6279979 |
| fluorescence photobleaching recovery measurements reveal differences in envelopment of sindbis and vesicular stomatitis viruses. | fluorescence photobleaching recovery (fpr) measurements of virus glycoproteins on the surfaces of cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and sindbis virus showed that the vsv glycoprotein (g) remained mobile throughout the infectious cycle, whereas sindbis virus glycoproteins (e1, e2) were partially mobile early after infection and immobile at later times when greater amounts of these proteins were on the cell surface. a highly mobile fraction of sindbis virus glycoproteins was det ... | 1981 | 6258803 |
| partial maturation and light chain restriction of abelson virus-transformed b cell precursors. | the induction of partial maturation in an in vitro derived abelson virus-transformed murine lymphoid cell subline (abc-1/at1) is described. pre-b (cytoplasmic, mu chain-positive) lymphocytes were induced from presumptive b cell precursors by prostaglandin e1, butyric acid, lipopolysaccharide and interferon. maturation was independent of alterations in cellular growth rate and could be achieved in the absence of cell division. the at1 subline was found to be restricted to the expression of a sing ... | 1981 | 6783433 |
| post-translational glycosylation of coronavirus glycoprotein e1: inhibition by monensin. | the intracellular sites of biosynthesis of the structural proteins of murine hepatitis virus a59 have been analyzed using cell fractionation techniques. the nucleocapsid protein n is synthesized on free polysomes, whereas the envelope glycoproteins e1 and e2 are translated on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rer). glycoprotein e2 present in the rer contains n-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides of the mannose-rich type, supporting the concept that glycosylation of this protein is initiated at ... | 1982 | 6327272 |
| cross-reactive, cell-associated antigen on l929 cells infected with temperature-sensitive mutants of sindbis virus. | temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of sindbis virus (sin) were used to aid in the identification of alphavirus cross-reactive proteins on the surface of infected cells by antibody-dependent, complement-mediated cytolysis. antisera prepared in rabbits against purified sin or semliki forest viruses were highly cytotoxic for cells infected with wild-type sin and for cells infected at the permissive temperature with maturation-defective, ts mutants of sin belonging to several distinct complementatio ... | 1982 | 6177636 |
| properties of monoclonal antibodies directed against the glycoproteins of sindbis virus. | four monoclonal antibodies that react with sindbis virus glycoproteins have been examined for (i) their effects on virus infectivity, (ii) their ability to recognize conformational changes in glycoprotein structure, and (iii) their cross-reaction with several different alphaviruses. two of the monoclonal antibodies reacted with the native forms of the e1 glycoprotein but did not neutralize virus infectivity. one of the anti-e1 antibodies formed an infectious virus-antibody complex. the other two ... | 1982 | 6281377 |
| inhibition of sindbis virus maturation after treatment of infected cells with trypsin. | brief treatment of sindbis virus-infected bhk-21 or vero cells with low concentrations of trypsin irreversibly blocked further production of progeny virions after removal of the enzyme. the inhibitory effects of the trypsin treatment could only be demonstrated in cells in which virus infection was established; optimal inhibition occurred at ca. 3 h postinfection. production of virus structural proteins pe2, e1, and c occurred at normal levels in inhibited cells. pe2 and e1 were also transported ... | 1982 | 6281478 |
| differential effect of prostaglandins and other products of arachidonic acid metabolism on measles virus replication in vero cells. | the influence of cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (camp) and prostaglandin (pg), e1, e2, f2 alpha, a2 and thromboxane b2 (txb2) and measles virus infection was investigated. addition of pge1, e2 and camp (10(-3)-10(-)8m) inhibited measles virus replication in vero cells. txb2 and pga2 enhanced replication. cytotoxic effects were not observed. inhibition of infectious titers (98%) was most pronounced when agents were present throughout replication. treated cells exhibited hemadsorbing antige ... | 1982 | 6281810 |
| fv-1 determinants in xenotropic murine leukemia viruses studied with biological assay systems: isolation of xenotropic virus with n-tropic fv-1 activity in the cryptic form. | by a biological assay system using phenotypically mixed ecotropic and xenotropic murine leukemia viruses, we investigated whether in the virions of a xenotropic virus there is n- or b-tropic fv-1 determinant in active form. the existence of n-tropic fv-1 determinant was demonstrated in sl-xt-1 xenotropic virus isolated from the spleen of a 3-month-old sl mouse, and the n-tropic fv-1 tropism was confirmed by analysis of the phenotypically mixed viruses harvested from clonal sc-1 cells doubly infe ... | 1982 | 6283153 |
| use of a hybrid infectivity assay to analyze primary transcription of temperature-sensitive mutants of the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus. | a hybrid infectivity assay specific for primary transcription was developed to analyze the production of functional mrnas by vesicular stomatitis virus. a template prepared from wild-type virions of the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus was reconstituted with rna polymerase proteins from the wild type or temperature-sensitive mutants, and the in vivo temperature sensitivity of the polymerase was determined by infectivity assay. the data demonstrate that the new jersey temperature ... | 1982 | 6287014 |
| loss and restoration of glucagon receptors and responsiveness in a transformed kidney cell line. | a kidney cell line (mdck) retains an adenylate cyclase system sensitive to glucagon, vasopressin, isoproterenol and prostaglandin e1. the stimulatory effect of glucagon on camp production was selectively lost in a cloned line derived from mdck cells transformed by harvey murine sarcoma virus. sensitivity to glucagon was largely restored by treatment of the transformed cells with prostaglandin e1 or butyrate. loss and reappearance of glucagon receptors seemed to be responsible for the observation ... | 1982 | 6291963 |
| cell-free translation of murine coronavirus rna. | the coding assignments of the intracellular murine hepatitis virus-specific subgenomic rna species and murine hepatitis virion rna have been investigated by cell-free translation. the six murine hepatitis virus-specific subgenomic rnas were partially purified by agarose gel electrophoresis and translated in an mrna-dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysate, and the cell-free translation products were characterized by gel electrophoresis, immunoprecipitation, and tryptic peptide mapping. these studies ... | 1982 | 6292469 |
| assembly of vesicular stomatitis virus: distribution of the glycoprotein on the surface of infected cells. | this study demonstrates that the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus clusters in the plasma membrane of infected chinese hamster lung cells during morphogenesis and suggests that viral nucleocapsids are required for this clustering. a mutant virus (ts e-1) which is temperature sensitive for the synthesis of viral nucleocapsids but not viral membrane proteins was used. the surface distribution of the viral glycoprotein in cells infected by this virus was determined by a specific indirect i ... | 1982 | 6294321 |
| coronavirus proteins: structure and function of the oligosaccharides of the avian infectious bronchitis virus glycoproteins. | the recent finding that the e1 glycoproteins of murine coronaviruses contain only o-linked oligosaccharides suggested that this unusual modification might be a distinguishing feature of coronaviruses and might play an essential role in the life cycle of this family of viruses. to examine these possibilities, we analyzed the oligosaccharide moieties of the membrane proteins of the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus. in addition, we determined the effect of inhibiting the glycosylation ... | 1982 | 6294330 |
| expression of the structural proteins of semliki forest virus from cloned cdna microinjected into the nucleus of baby hamster kidney cells. | the three structural proteins of semliki forest virus--i.e., the capsid, p62, and e1 proteins--were expressed in baby hamster kidney cells from cloned dna transcribed from the virus-specific 4.1-kilobase mrna. the cdna was engineered into an expression vector developed by others [mulligan, r. c. & berg, p. (1980) science 209, 1422--1427] downstream from the simian virus 40 early promoter and was introduced into cell nuclei by microneedle injection. immunofluorescence analysis of injected cells ... | 1982 | 6956877 |
| the use of red cells with fused semliki forest virus envelope proteins in antibody determinations by hemolysis in gel. | chicken red blood cells with fused semliki forest virus (sfv) proteins on the cell membrane were used in the hemolysis-in-gel (hig) plates. optimally the plate contained a 1.5 mm thick gel of 1% agarose with 1% red cells and 1 unit/ml gel of complement. 400 ng of sfv was fused to the red cells in 1 ml of the gel (about 20 virions fused to one red cell). five microliters of inactivated (56 degrees c, 30 min) serum samples were pipetted into wells in the gel. after 20 h of incubation at 37 degrees ... | 1982 | 7042724 |
| posttranslational modifications of sindbis virus glycoproteins: electrophoretic analysis of pulse-chase-labeled infected cells. | cytoplasmic extracts prepared from sindbis virus-infected chicken embryo fibroblasts pulse-chase-labeled with [35s]methionine 6 h postinfection were analyzed on a highly resolving sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel either directly or after various treatments. the results we obtained suggest that (i) the proteolytic cleavage which converts pe2 to e2 glycoprotein takes place intracellularly, before or at least during the formation of complex-type oligosaccharide side chains; and (ii) e1 glycoprotein under ... | 1982 | 7045394 |
| a temperature-sensitive mutant of western equine encephalitis virus with an altered envelope protein e1 and a defect in the transport of envelope glycoproteins. | 1982 | 7080446 | |
| glycosylation of intracellular sindbis virus glycoproteins. | oligosaccharides of purified intracellular sindbis virus glycoproteins have been examined by high-resolution bio-gel chromatography. the array of glycopeptides from cellular e1 and e2 appeared similar to the glycopeptides (s1, s2, s3, and s4) found in mature virus glycoproteins described previously [hakimi, j., & atkinson, p. h. (1980) biochemistry 19, 5619]. however, compared to its viral counterpart, intracellular e1 glycoprotein also contained larger sized mannosyl oligosaccharides. b and pe2 ... | 1982 | 7093235 |
| expression of early viral gene products in adenovirus type 12-infected and -transformed cells. | we have analysed early viral gene products expressed in adenovirus type 12 (ad12)-infected cells as well as in two ad12-transformed hamster cell lines, and ad12-induced rat tumour cell lines by cell-free translation of virus-specific rna which was selected by hybridization to cloned restriction endonuclease fragments of virus dna. proteins synthesized in vitro were analysed by one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. it was found that rna encoded by early region e1a directs the synthesis of ... | 1982 | 7097253 |
| uv irradiation analysis of complementation between, and replication of, rna-negative temperature-sensitive mutants of newcastle disease virus. | random uv irradiation-induced lesions destroy the infectivity of newcastle disease virus (ndv) by blocking downstream transcription from the single viral promoter. the nucleocapsid-associated polypeptides most likely to be involved in rna synthesis are located at the extreme ends of the genome: np and p are promoter proximal genes, and l is the most distal gene. we attempted to order the two temperature-sensitive (ts) rna-negative (rna-) mutant groups of ndv by determining the uv target sizes fo ... | 1982 | 7097855 |
| rna synthesis by newcastle disease virus temperature-sensitive mutants in two rna-negative complementation groups. | the temperature-sensitive rna-negative mutants of newcastle disease virus comprise two complementation groups, group a (seven members) and group e (one member). the rna-synthesizing activities of four representative members of group a and the single member of group e were compared with the activity of the wild type. these mutants were defective to varying extents in primary transcription at the nonpermissive temperature, ranging from mutant a1, which had no activity, to mutant e1, which lost onl ... | 1982 | 7097866 |
| monoclonal antibodies to sindbis virus glycoprotein e1 can neutralize, enhance infectivity, and independently inhibit haemagglutination or haemolysis. | two monoclonal antibodies raised against sindbis virus were shown to be specific for the envelope glycoprotein e1 by radioimmunoprecipitation (rip). they had a number of contrasting biological properties. one of them was capable of neutralizing virus infectivity and inhibiting haemagglutination, while the other had no significant neutralizing or haemagglutination-inhibiting capability, but did inhibit virus-mediated haemolysis. both monoclonal antibodies could enhance virus infectivity of fc rec ... | 1982 | 7142968 |
| identification of a new venezuelan equine encephalitis virus from brazil. | two strains of recently isolated venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) complex virus from southern brazil, avirulent for 6- to 8-week-old mice and short-haired guinea pigs, were characterized by biologic, serologic, and biochemical means. they were shown serologically to represent a single, newly recognized variant of subtype i. two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) of ribonuclease t1 digests of viral ribonucleic acid showed considerable homology between the genomes of the new ... | 1982 | 7149112 |
| the interaction of monoclonal antibodies directed against envelope glycoprotein e1 of sindbis virus with virus-infected cells. | two monoclonal antibodies specific for the sindbis virus envelope glycoprotein e1 were evaluated for their ability to maintain long-term infection when present in the medium of virus-infected cells. one of them, previously shown to have neutralizing activity and to inhibit haemagglutination, caused suppression of both virus expression at the cell surface and prolonged intracellular virus presence. the other monoclonal antibody which lacked neutralizing activity but inhibited virus-specific haemo ... | 1982 | 7149696 |
| glycosylation patterns of the envelope glycoproteins of an equine-virulent venezuelan encephalitis virus and its vaccine derivative. | the equine-virulent venezuelan encephalitis virus, trinidad donkey (trd), was compared to its vaccine derivative, tc-83 virus, by examining the glycosylation of the two structural envelope glycoproteins (e1 and e2). the number of size classes of glycopeptides on the glycoproteins was determined by p-6 column chromatography following pronase digestion. the e1 glycoprotein had three glycopeptide size species and the e2 glycoprotein contained four size species ranging in mol. wt. from 1900 to 2700. ... | 1982 | 7175499 |
| host-dependent variation of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides at individual glycosylation sites of sindbis virus glycoproteins. | we examined the asn-linked oligosaccharides at individual glycosylation sites of the two envelope glycoproteins of sindbis virus, e1 and e2. the analysis was done by separating tryptic glycopeptides by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography and analyzing the oligosaccharides from isolated glycopeptides by gel filtration chromatography. both e1 and e2 have two glycosylation sites each in virus grown in chick embryo fibroblasts, baby hamster kidney cells, and chinese hamster ovary ce ... | 1983 | 6822574 |
| comparative immunological and biochemical analyses of viruses in the venezuelan equine encephalitis complex. | unclassified venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) viruses tonate (ton), bijou bridge (bb), paramana (para), 71d-1252 and cabassou (cab) were characterized serologically and biochemically. the envelope glycoproteins of these and nine other vee viruses representing vee subtype variants i-ab, i-c, i-d, i-e, ii, iii and iv were separated by column isoelectric focusing. the e1 and e2 glycoproteins of all the zwittergent-dissociated vee viruses focused at pi 6.3 to 6.9 and pi 8.6 to 9.3 respectively. ... | 1983 | 6822814 |
| a variant of western equine encephalitis virus with nonglycosylated e3 protein. | a variant clone (at/a125) of western equine encephalitis virus was isolated from a line of mosquito cells persistently infected with a temperature-sensitive parent strain, a125. variant-infected cells produced an altered form of pe2 protein which migrated with a higher electrophoretic mobility than wild type or a125 pe2. the altered pe2, like pe2 of wild type, was precipitated by anti-envelope proteins serum but not by anti-e1 serum. in pulse-chase experiments the altered pe2 protein was shown t ... | 1983 | 6829167 |
| polycaryocyte formation mediated by sindbis virus glycoproteins. | the process of cell fusion mediated by sindbis virus membrane proteins synthesized after infection was examined. at the times after infection at which virus proteins were detectable on the cell surface, sindbis virus-infected bhk-21 cells were found to express a fusion function after brief treatment at acid ph. in studies employing wild-type virus and temperature-sensitive mutants and testing drug or protease inhibition of virus production, we made the following observations on sindbis virus-med ... | 1983 | 6834476 |
| conformational changes in sindbis virus e1 glycoprotein induced by monoclonal antibody binding. | a monoclonal antibody (30.2) raised against sindbis virus is able to precipitate both e1 and pe2 from [35s]methionine-labelled infected cells solubilized with non-ionic detergent. addition of sds to the lysate abolishes the precipitation of pe2 without affecting that of e1, thus demonstrating that the antibody is specific for e1. other sindbis e1-specific monoclonal antibodies (30.11 and 30.12) precipitate only e1, even from lysates containing only non-ionic detergent, and their presence in such ... | 1983 | 6842188 |
| rubella virus contains one capsid protein and three envelope glycoproteins, e1, e2a, and e2b. | we have analyzed the structure of rubella virus proteins labeled metabolically with [35s]methionine, [3h]mannose, and [3h]glucosamine or externally with [3h]borohydride after galactose oxidase treatment. four structural proteins, with mrs of about 58,000 (e1), 47,000 (e2a), 42,000 (e2b), and 33,000 (c), were resolved on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. tryptic peptide maps obtained from [35s]methionine-labeled proteins indicated that e1 and c were unrelated to each other and to e2a an ... | 1983 | 6854740 |
| sequence analysis of two mutants of sindbis virus defective in the intracellular transport of their glycoproteins. | we have sequenced the complementary dna corresponding to the genes encoding the viral glycoproteins of ts10 and ts23, mutants of sindbis virus defective in the intracellular transport of their glycoproteins, and of revertants of these mutants. these studies have been augmented by direct amino acid sequencing of the amino-terminal regions of the glycoproteins of several virus strains. by comparing the deduced amino acid sequence with that of sindbis hr virus, the parental strain of these mutants, ... | 1983 | 6876179 |
| expression of differentiation and age-related antigens on chicken erythroleukemia cells transformed by avian erythroblastosis virus (aev). | immature circulating chicken red cells express on their surface two antigenic molecules referred to as im 48 kd and im 140 kd antigens. the im 140 kd antigen is not present beyond the erythroblast stage while the expression of im 48 kd antigenic molecule remains detectable on circulating erythrocytes of embryos and young chickens, but not on erythrocytes of adult animals. in addition to im 48 kd and im 140 kd antigens, the avian erythroblastosis virus (aev)-transformed erythroid cells express tw ... | 1983 | 6578052 |
| expression of semliki forest virus proteins from cloned complementary dna. i. the fusion activity of the spike glycoprotein. | a complementary (cdna) molecule encoding the structural proteins of semliki forest virus (sfv) has been inserted into a simian virus 40-derived eucaryotic expression vector lacking introns. introduction of the recombinant dna into nuclei of baby hamster kidney cells results in the synthesis of authentic sfv membrane glycoproteins e1 and e2. the glycoproteins are both transported to the cell surface and induce cell-cell fusion after a brief treatment of the cells with low ph medium. the ph depend ... | 1983 | 6688423 |
| diversity within a human isolate of coxsackie b4: relationship to viral-induced diabetes. | the ability of different strains of a single virus type to produce different pathogenic expressions is well documented within the picornavirus group. coxsackievirus, group b, type 4 (cb4) has been associated with viral-induced diabetes in man, but expression of its potential to induce diabetes in experimental animals is variable. evidence is presented here for one of the primary sources of this variability that could explain resulting contradictory reports offered in support or rejection of its ... | 1983 | 6300315 |
| analysis of virus-specific mrnas present in cells transformed with restriction fragments of adenovirus type 5 dna. | adenovirus type 5 (ad5) mrnas present in cells transformed with left-terminal ad5 dna fragments (xhoi-c, 0 to 15.5%; hindiii-g, 0 to 7.7%; hpai-e, 0 to 4.3% were characterized by 'northern blotting' and s1 nuclease analysis. they were compared with the mrnas transcribed from the ad5 e1 region in the early and late stages of lytic infection. it is shown that in xhoi-c-transformed cells the same mrnas were transcribed as early during lytic infection: two co-terminal mrnas from region e1a, differin ... | 1983 | 6302209 |
| avian oncovirus mh2: molecular cloning of proviral dna and structural analysis of viral rna and protein. | viral rna, molecularly cloned proviral dna, and virus-specific protein of avian retrovirus mh2 were analyzed. the complexity and sequence conservation of the transformation-specific v-myc sequences of mh2 rna were compared with those of the other members of the mc29 subgroup of acute leukemia viruses, mc29, cmii, and ok10, and with chicken cellular c-myc sequences. all t1 oligonucleotides mapping within the 1.3-kilobase coding region of mc29 v-myc have homologous counterparts in the rnas of all ... | 1983 | 6310159 |
| method for recovery of enteric viruses from estuarine sediments with chaotropic agents. | an evaluation was made of the ability of chaotropes, low-molecular-weight ionic compounds which enhance the solubilization of hydrophobic compounds in water, to improve the recovery of enteric viruses from highly organic estuarine sediments. chaotropic agents alone were poor eluents of polioviruses from sediment but were effective when combined with 3% beef extract. chaotropes of lower potency, nano3, nacl, and kcl, were more efficient eluents than the stronger chaotropes, guanidium hydrochlorid ... | 1983 | 6312884 |
| chemical synthesis and molecular cloning of a stop oligonucleotide encoding an uga translation terminator in all three reading frames. | we have chemically synthesized an oligonucleotide 5'd(tgattgattga)3' 3'd(actaactaact)5' that encodes the translation termination codon tga in all three reading frames. after ligation of appropriate restriction endonuclease linkers to the ends, the double-stranded oligonucleotide (stop-oligonucleotide) was joined to the plasmid pbr322 between the ecori and bamhi, or hindiii and bamhi sites, and the hybrid plasmids were transformed into escherichia coli hb101. four different constructions were obt ... | 1983 | 6313480 |
| construction and testing of mouse--human heteromyelomas for human monoclonal antibody production. | fu-266, a mutant human myeloma cell line sensitive to hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine (hat), was transfected by protoplast fusion with dna of the recombinant plasmid vector psv2-neor, thus acquiring a dominant marker conferring resistance to the antibiotic g-418. one of the resultant neor clones, e-1, was fused to irradiated (500 rads) or unirradiated cells of the hat-sensitive, g-418-sensitive, nonproducer mouse myeloma line x63-ag8.653. hybrid clones were selected in g-418 plus ouabain, thu ... | 1983 | 6316357 |
| identification by monoclonal antibodies of a new epitope in the glycoprotein complex of sindbis virus. | monoclonal antibodies against a deletion mutant of sindbis virus were produced and characterized in order to determine the fine mapping and functional activities of single viral epitopes. all monoclonal antibodies so far tested showed a certain degree of reciprocal competition and were directed against an antigenic determinant which was present only on the undissociated complex of the e1 and e2 glycoproteins. a biological assay measuring viral haemagglutination showed no decrease in the titre of ... | 1983 | 6190835 |
| solubilization and immune-detection of beta-galactosidase hybrid proteins carrying foreign antigenic determinants. | three dna fragments representing almost the entire e1 gene of semliki forest virus (sfv) were inserted into a cro-lacz expression vector by oligo dc.oligo dg tailing. fragments inserted close to the 5' end of the lacz gene gave rise to hybrid proteins which were rapidly degraded. insertion of the same fragments at the 3' end, however, resulted in the synthesis of stable hybrid proteins which precipitated in an insoluble form within the bacteria. insufficient hybrid protein was soluble to allow d ... | 1983 | 6191278 |
| heterogeneity of a human isolate of coxsackie b4: biological differences. | evidence is presented to demonstrate existence of virion heterogeneity within the human isolate, edwards, of coxsackievirus b4 (cb4-edw). three virion types (e1, e2 and e3) were cloned by repeated plaque purification of cb4-edw and then all were compared relative to their effects on the pancreas of mice during acute infection. seventy-two hours post-infection blood glucose, plasma amylase and insulin levels were monitored in mice of the swr/j strain (previously classified susceptible to other di ... | 1983 | 6193205 |
| protective monoclonal antibodies define maturational and ph-dependent antigenic changes in sindbis virus e1 glycoprotein. | monoclonal (mc) antibodies specific for either the ei or e2 glycoproteins of sindbis virus (sin) were used to probe for differences in the surface topography of sin epitopes between infected cells and mature virions. employing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in which binding of individual peroxidase-labeled mc antibodies to immobilized (solid-phase) detergent-disrupted sin was inhibited specifically by one or more unlabeled antibodies, viral epitopes could be grouped into six spatia ... | 1983 | 6195815 |
| topographical mapping of epitopes on the glycoproteins of murine hepatitis virus-4 (strain jhm): correlation with biological activities. | monoclonal hybridoma antibodies (mab) of defined polypeptide specificity and biological activity were used in a competition binding assay to identify antibody binding sites (epitopes) on the glycoproteins of murine hepatitis virus-4 strain jhm (mhv-4). individual mab were labeled with horseradish peroxidase (hrp) and used as probes in a competition enzyme immunoassay (eia). four topographically distinct antigenic sites were detected on the e2 glycoprotein of mhv-4. antibodies reacting with these ... | 1984 | 6199888 |
| murine hepatitis virus-4 (strain jhm)-induced neurologic disease is modulated in vivo by monoclonal antibody. | monoclonal hybridoma antibodies directed against the polypeptides of murine hepatitis virus-4 (jhm strain) were tested for their ability to alter the course of a normally lethal intracerebral virus challenge. three monoclonal antibodies directed against two distinct epitopes on the e2 glycoprotein of mhv-4 protected mice against lethal virus challenge and converted the infection from fatal encephalomyelitis to demyelination. a single neutralizing antibody directed against a third epitope on e2 a ... | 1984 | 6199889 |
| antiviral activity of a thymic factor in experimental viral infections. i. thymic hormonal effect on survival, interferon production and nk cell activity in mengo virus-infected mice. | a partially purified thymic factor, thymostimulin (ts), significantly increased the survival rate of adult, immune-intact mice infected with the neurotropic mengo virus. ts treatment was begun after virus inoculation by daily i.p. injections. in untreated c57bl/6 mice, ld50 was reached with 1 x 10(4) pfu, but 10-fold more virus (i.e., 1 x 10(5) pfu) was needed to reach ld50 in ts-treated animals. ts effect on survival, though, could be observed with several virus doses (1 x 10(3) to 1 x 10(6) pf ... | 1984 | 6202776 |
| identification of distinct antigenic determinants on semliki forest virus by using monoclonal antibodies with different antiviral activities. | fifteen monoclonal antibodies (mas) directed against either the e1 or e2 glycoprotein of semliki forest virus (sfv) were characterized by immunoglobulin subclass, pi traject, hemagglutination inhibition, neutralization of infectious virus, and protection against virulent infection in mice. all mas except um8.4 (immunoglobulin m [igm]) belonged to various subclasses of igg and predominantly to igg2a, but all were unique as indicated by their banding patterns in isoelectric focusing. competitive b ... | 1984 | 6208379 |
| physical state and transcription of the cottontail rabbit papillomavirus genome in warts and transplantable vx2 and vx7 carcinomas of domestic rabbits. | the physical state and the transcription of the genome of cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (crpv) in non-virus-producing warts and in the vx2 and vx7 transplantable carcinomas of domestic rabbits were compared. the crpv dna present in vx2 and vx7 carcinomas (10 to 20 and 100 to 200 genome equivalents per diploid cell, respectively) was found to be entirely integrated into the cellular dna, most probably as head-to-tail tandem repeats, in contrast to warts, in which viral dna (10 to 100 copies pe ... | 1984 | 6086962 |
| a common function for polyoma virus large-t and papillomavirus e1 proteins? | nucleotide sequencing has revealed a common genetic organization for three papillomaviruses: bpv-1 (bovine papillomavirus type 1), hpv-1 (human papillomavirus type 1a) and hpv-6 (human papillomavirus type 6b). several open reading frames, corresponding to as yet uncharacterized proteins, were observed in these genomes in the region that is required for oncogenic transformation by bpv-1 and for plasmidial maintenance of its genome. the longest of these frames, e1, is also the most conserved betwe ... | 1984 | 6090931 |
| dna-binding proteins of chick embryo lethal orphan virus: lack of complementation between early proteins of avian and human adenoviruses. | chick cells infected by chick embryo lethal orphan (celo) virus (fowl adenovirus type 1) contained four prominent virus-specific, structurally related dna-binding proteins with mol. wt. of 74k, 64k, 56k, 52k, and two minor forms. the celo virus dna-binding proteins were phosphorylated, delayed-early nuclear proteins. celo virus early proteins were expressed in bhk cells, but did not complement human adenovirus type 5 mutants with lesions e1a, e2a or e2b. moreover, celo virus dna-binding proteins ... | 1984 | 6092525 |
| sequence homology between the large tumor antigen of polyoma viruses and the putative e1 protein of papilloma viruses. | the large tumor antigen of simian virus 40, mouse polyoma virus, and human bk virus is compared to the e1 protein of human and bovine papilloma viruses. it is suggested that large t and e1 are evolutionarily related and that the region of major homology forms part of an alpha/beta domain involved in nucleotide binding. | 1984 | 6093371 |
| the transfer of myristic and other fatty acids on lipid and viral protein acceptors in cultured cells infected with semliki forest and influenza virus. | [3h]myristic and [3h]palmitic acid were compared as tracers for the fatty acylation of cellular lipids and viral glycoproteins in chicken embryo cells infected with fowl plague and semliki forest virus (sfv). both of these substrates are incorporated into glycerolipids to a similar extent, whereas sphingolipids show much higher levels of palmitate than myristate after a 20 h labeling period. both fatty acid species were found to be subject to metabolic conversions into longer chain fatty acids y ... | 1984 | 6094180 |
| agarose isoelectrofocusing of intact virions. | a convenient and accurate method for determining the isoelectric points of intact virions is described. tritium-labeled poliovirus 1 (strains brunhilde and lsc-2) and echovirus 1 (isolates v239, v248, v212, r115 and 4ch-1) were successfully focused into sharp bands at their respective isoelectric points using a thin-layer agarose isoelectric focusing system. in situ detection of labeled virus bands in the agarose was by fluorography. freezing and thawing of virus samples prior to isoelectric foc ... | 1984 | 6094606 |
| gene order of translation of the flavivirus kunjin: further evidence of internal initiation in vivo. | the rates of inactivation of synthesis of individual virus-specified proteins by ultraviolet radiation provided an estimate of the target sizes of individual viral genes. in a control experiment with semliki forest virus, the genes for the structural proteins mapped in the known sequence 5' c-pe2-e1 3', and in accordance with initiation of translation from a single site on 26-s mrna. under the same conditions, the inactivation of synthesis of seven kunjin virus-specified proteins also followed f ... | 1984 | 6099663 |
| effect of different passage histories of infectious bronchitis virus on the sensitivity to inhibitors in chick serum and their removal by trypsin. | sensitivity of the beaudette strain of infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) to non-antibody inhibitors in neutralization tests depended on the passage history of the virus. the chick embryo kidney cell-adapted (e71 cek11) virus was the most sensitive, but after one chick embryo (ce) passage (e71 cek11 e1), this virus showed reversion to the sensitivity of the parent virus (e71). ibv inhibitors in chicken serum could be removed by treatment with trypsin but not with phospholipase c. | 1984 | 6147998 |
| oncogenicity by adenovirus is not determined by the transforming region only. | we have constructed a nondefective recombinant virus between the nononcogenic adenovirus 5 (ad5) and the highly oncogenic ad12. the recombinant genome consists essentially of ad5 sequences, with the exception of the transforming early region 1 (e1) which is derived from ad12. hela cells infected with the recombinant virus were shown to contain the ad12-specific e1 proteins of 41 kilodaltons (e1a) and 19 and 54 kilodaltons (both encoded by e1b). the recombinant virus replicated efficiently in hum ... | 1984 | 6328015 |
| protein synthesis in cells infected by murine hepatitis viruses jhm and a59: tryptic peptide analysis. | the structural and intracellular proteins of the murine hepatitis viruses mhv-jhm and mhv-a59 were studied by tryptic peptide mapping. the results demonstrated that the virions contained three distinct proteins: the two related chains of the e2 complex, the nucleocapsid protein and the heterogeneous e1 complex. five distinct virus-specific proteins were synthesized by infected cells. three of the five intracellular proteins contained tryptic-peptides with properties similar to the three structur ... | 1984 | 6329143 |
| reversible restriction of vesicular stomatitis virus in permissive cells treated with inhibitors of prostaglandin biosynthesis. | indomethacin, a potent nonsteroidal inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetase (cyclooxygenase) reduced yields of infectious vesicular stomatitis virus in hep-2 cells more than 99% if added to cultures at levels of 10(-3)m either before or after infection. other permissive cell lines differed according to the treatment period and drug level required for restricting productive infections. the inhibitory effect of indomethacin was progressively reduced if infection of cells was delayed for increasing t ... | 1984 | 6330977 |
| virus transport and survival after land application of sewage sludge. | the survival and transport patterns of poliovirus 1 and echovirus 1 were studied in undisturbed soil cores which were treated with digested sludge and exposed to natural weather conditions prevailing in north central florida. it was shown that, under those experimental conditions, enteroviruses are relatively rapidly inactivated in the soil. a more rapid virus decline was observed during the warm and dry fall season than during the warm and wet summer season. the monitoring of soil core leachate ... | 1984 | 6331308 |
| effect of hepatitis a virus infection on cell metabolism in vitro. | hepatitis a virus (hav), when inoculated into cultures of the plc/prf/5 cell line which produces the surface antigen of hepatitis b virus (hbsag), showed growth characteristics different from those of other picornaviruses. antigen of hav (haag) is expressed only about 10 days after infection. no major impact on the overall macromolecular biosynthesis of the host cells is observed. the growth rate of hav-infected and uninfected cells was comparable, although the plating efficiency of infected cel ... | 1984 | 6364147 |
| envelope proteins of semliki forest virus synthesized in xenopus oocytes are transported to the cell surface. | the mrna coding for the structural proteins of semliki forest virus, the 26s rna, was injected into xenopus oocytes. synthesis of the capsid protein and the three envelope glycoproteins e1, e2 and e2 was observed. the proteins, which are normally incorporated into the plasma membrane of infected cells, are transported to the surface of the oocytes. the transport of the membrane proteins takes place in the presence of tunicamycin. the results show that the proteins foreign to the oocyte reach the ... | 1984 | 6373249 |
| detection of semliki forest virus in cell culture by use of an enzyme immunoassay with peroxidase-labeled monoclonal antibodies specific for glycoproteins e1 and e2. | four noncompeting monoclonal antibodies (ma) directed against either the e1 (um 8.64 and 8.139) or e2 (um 8.55 and 8.73) glycoprotein of semliki forest virus were purified and labeled with horseradish peroxidase. each enzyme-labeled ma was tested alone and in combination with others for its sensitivity to detect virus-infected cells. semliki forest virus-infected l cells seeded as monolayers in 96-well plates were screened for the virus after incubation with enzyme-labeled ma and a substrate. in ... | 1984 | 6386855 |
| three genes code for rubella virus structural proteins e1, e2a, e2b and c. | the structural proteins e1, e2a, e2b and c of rubella virus (rv) were purified by preparative sds-page. the individual proteins were subjected to amino-terminal sequence analysis by edman degradation, carboxyl-terminal structure analysis by digestion with carboxypeptidases and quantitative amino acid composition analysis. the partial amino-terminal sequences of e2a and e2b were identical and different from that of e1. the c protein did not yield any consistent results on edman degradation, sugge ... | 1984 | 6470684 |
| interaction of influenza virus proteins with planar bilayer lipid membranes. ii. effects of rimantadine and amantadine. | the dependence of the surface potential difference (delta u), transversal elasticity module (e1) and membrane conductivity (g0) on the concentrations of the antiviral drugs, rimantadine and amantadine was studied in the planar bilayer lipid membrane system. the method used was based on independent measurements of the second and third harmonics of the membrane capacitance current. the binding constants of bilayer lipid membranes obtained from the drug adsorption isotherms were 2.1 x 10(5) m-1 and ... | 1984 | 6498193 |
| density of newly synthesized plasma membrane proteins in intracellular membranes ii. biochemical studies. | using two independent methods, incorporation of radioactive amino-acid and quantitative immunoblotting, we have determined that the rate of synthesis of each of the semliki forest virus (sfv) proteins in infected baby hamster kidney (bhk) cells is 1.2 x 10(5) copies/cell/min. given the absolute surface areas of the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi complex presented in the companion paper (griffiths, g., g. warren, p. quinn , o. mathieu - costello , and a. hoppeler , 1984, j. cell biol. 98:2133-21 ... | 1984 | 6563038 |
| characterization of the bovine papilloma virus plasmid maintenance sequences. | bovine papilloma virus (bpv-1) establishes itself as a multicopy nuclear plasmid in somatic mammalian cells in culture. we report here that two discontinuous regions within the viral genome can independently support extrachromosomal replication of the tn5 neomycinr gene in cells that provide viral factors in trans. the viral plasmid maintenance sequences (pms) act in cis and will integrate along with the marker gene in cell lines that do not provide bpv-1 gene products. pms-1 is localized within ... | 1984 | 6319020 |
| heterogeneity of sindbis virus glycoprotein e1 and its modification by host cell transformation. | the electrophoretic properties of glycoprotein e1 of sindbis virus grown in rous sarcoma virus-transformed cells were compared with those of sindbis virus grown in untransformed cells. isoelectric focusing in a gel containing 9.5 m-urea and 2% nonidet p40 indicated that the glycoprotein e1 of sindbis virus from the untransformed cells was electrochemically heterogeneous and consisted of four components, whose isoelectric points (pis) ranged from 6.2 to 6.7; the e1 of sindbis virus from the trans ... | 1984 | 6319579 |
| infection of eucaryotic cells by helper-independent recombinant adenoviruses: early region 1 is not obligatory for integration of viral dna. | recombinant viral genomes carrying a selectable drug resistance marker have been constructed by insertion of a hybrid gene for neomycin resistance into the helper-independent adenovirus vector, delta e1/x. the hybrid gene consists of sequences coding for the aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase ii from tn5, under the control of the simian virus 40 early promoter, and renders mammalian cells resistant to the neomycin analog, g-418. most of adenovirus early region 1 is deleted from delta e1/x (nuc ... | 1984 | 6323759 |
| assembly in vitro of a spanning membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum: the e1 glycoprotein of coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus a59. | the e1 glycoprotein of coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus a59 was synthesized in vitro by translation of viral mrna in the presence of dog pancreatic microsomes. its disposition in the membrane was investigated by digestion with proteases and by selective nh2-terminal labeling. the protein spans the membrane, but only small portions from the nh2 and cooh terminus are exposed respectively in the lumenal and cytoplasmic domains; the bulk of the molecule is apparently buried in the membrane. the pro ... | 1984 | 6324191 |
| characterization of barmah forest virus: an alphavirus with some unusual properties. | barmah forest virus has been characterized in a number of ways including electron microscopy of infected cells; physical studies of the virion, its rna, and associated proteins; n-terminal sequence analysis of the two envelope glycoproteins; studies of macromolecular species present in infected cells; and serological cross-reactions with alphaviruses and bunyaviruses. from these results barmah forest virus is clearly an alphavirus since the structure of the virion, the mode of replication, and t ... | 1984 | 6324461 |
| trypsin-treated ma-104: a sensitive cell line for isolating enteric viruses from environmental samples. | during a 1-year survey of enteroviruses in wastewater samples from the lorraine area, three widely used continuous monkey kidney cell lines were tested: bgm, vero, and trypsin-treated ma-104. decontaminated samples from secondary wastewater treatment plants (influent or effluent) were directly inoculated onto cells, and viruses were revealed after two passages with a liquid medium technique. out of the total percentage of positive isolates with the three systems (32.7) 24.7% were found with ma-1 ... | 1984 | 6324675 |
| release of fatty acids from virus glycoproteins by hydroxylamine. | the fatty acids bound to the glycoproteins of sindbis and vesicular stomatitis viruses can be released by treating the protein with 1 m hydroxylamine at ph 8.0, but the rates of release vary greatly among the three proteins. the most labile fatty acyl bonds were in the sindbis virus pe2/e2 proteins and the most stable were in the e1 protein. some of the fatty acids in sindbis virus glycoproteins were reduced to the alcohol after treatment with sodium borohydride, indicating that protein-bound fa ... | 1984 | 6324873 |
| the carbohydrates of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) a59: structures of the o-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides of glycoprotein e1. | two size classes of o-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides were liberated from glycoprotein e1 of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) a59 by reductive beta-elimination and separated by h.p.l.c. the structures of the reduced oligosaccharides were determined by successive exoglycosidase digestions and by methylation analyses involving combined capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and mass fragmentography after chemical ionization with ammonia. oligosaccharide a (neu5ac alpha 2----3 gal beta 1- ... | 1984 | 6325180 |
| replication of coronavirus mhv-a59 in sac- cells: determination of the first site of budding of progeny virions. | during infection of sac- cells by murine coronavirus mhv a59 the intracellular sites at which progeny virions bud correlate with the distribution of the viral glycoprotein e1. budding is first detectable by electron microscopy at 6 to 7 hours post infection in small, smooth, perinuclear vesicles and tubules in a region transitional between the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the golgi apparatus. at later times the rough endoplasmic reticulum becomes the major site of budding and accumulation of ... | 1984 | 6325194 |
| determination of cytomegalovirus antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in women of fertile period. | such cytomegalovirus antibodies as the igg and igm are investigated in the present work. investigation was carried out on 301 sera of fertile aged women (between 18 to 35 years of age) under the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). only one dilution has been made i.e. 1:40 and the final dilution was worked out from regression graph obtained from a previously titred human positive serum analysis; igg antibodies were found in 265 cases (88%), appearing igm antibodies in 4 of them, with the r ... | 1984 | 6325535 |
| prostaglandins in cells of the lymphoid system in akr leukemia. | akr mice develop spontaneous lymphoid leukemia late (8 to 12 months) in life, although persistent murine leukemia virus production occurs throughout their life. this suggests that age-related changes are involved in development of leukemia. prostaglandin biosynthesis was therefore studied in 24-hr cultures in vitro at 37 degrees of peritoneal macrophages, splenocytes, thymocytes, bone marrow, and lymph node cells. akr mice of 2, 6, and 8 to 12 months of age were studied. prostaglandin e1, prosta ... | 1984 | 6692354 |
| identification of immunologically cross-reactive proteins of sindbis virus: evidence for unique conformation of e1 glycoprotein from infected cells. | hyperimmune antisera to purified sindbis (sin) or semliki forest (sf) virus were used to identify alphavirus-specific and cross-reactive proteins in virions and infected cells. the hyperimmune sera participated in homologous and cross-cytolysis of alphavirus-infected cells, and the use of monospecific antisera to sin structural proteins suggested that e1 and e2 could serve as target proteins in cytolysis. proteins from purified virions or infected cells were extracted with nonidet p-40, denature ... | 1984 | 6694261 |
| rubella virus 40s genome rna specifies a 24s subgenomic mrna that codes for a precursor to structural proteins. | we have analyzed the structure of the rubella virus genome rna and the virus-specific rna species synthesized in b-vero cells infected with rubella virus. a single-stranded, capped, and polyadenylated rna species sedimenting at 40s in a sucrose gradient was released from purified virions treated with sodium dodecyl sulfate. this rna species migrated with an mr of about 3.8 x 10(6) in an agarose gel after denaturation with glyoxal and dimethyl sulfoxide. infected cells labeled with [3h]uridine in ... | 1984 | 6694262 |
| identification of acyl donors and acceptor proteins for fatty acid acylation in bhk cells infected with semliki forest virus. | the modification of viral glycoproteins through the covalent attachment of fatty acids was studied in baby hamster kidney (bhk) cells infected with semliki forest virus (sfv). comparative pulse-chase experiments with [3h]palmitic acid and [35s]methionine revealed that a precursor polypeptide, designated p62, of the structural sfv glycoprotein and e1 serve as the primary acceptors of acyl chains. acylation of p62 occurs immediately prior to its proteolytical cleavage to e2 and e3 emphasizing the ... | 1984 | 6723626 |
| cell-free fatty acid acylation of semliki forest viral polypeptides with microsomal membranes from eukaryotic cells. | using [14c]palmitoyl-coa as donor and deacylated (fatty acid-free) structural proteins of semliki forest virus as exogenous acceptors, palmitic acid was incorporated into polypeptide in a cell-free system with microsomes of baby hamster kidney cells, chicken embryo fibroblasts, and rat liver cells. out of the four viral proteins (e1, e2, e3, and c) only e1 becomes acylated enzymatically. the protein bound fatty acids of the in vitro product are resistant to detergents and to organic extractions ... | 1984 | 6725287 |
| rubella virus: structural and non-structural proteins. | rubella virus was rapidly concentrated and purified using polyethylene glycol 6000 as the precipitating agent. electrophoresis in slab gels defined three structural proteins present in equimolar amounts, with mol. wt. of 59000 (e1), 43000 to 48000 (heterogeneous e2) and 34000 (core protein, c). e1 and e2 were glycosylated; different distributions of labelled carbohydrates within the broad band of e2 indicated that the slower migrating region was enriched in complex oligosaccharides. in infected ... | 1984 | 6726182 |
| structural proteins of chikungunya virus. | polyacrylamide gel analysis of the structural proteins of african and asian strains of chikungunya virus, an alphavirus, showed that both strains contain three structural proteins: glycosylated e1 and e2, embedded in the viral envelope, and a nonglycosylated nucleocapsid protein. in pulse-chase experiments the precursor protein pe2 was chased into glycoprotein e2, which migrated slightly faster than did glycoprotein e1. the third chikungunya glycoprotein, e3, was not associated with mature virio ... | 1984 | 6726893 |
| on the role of oligosaccharide trimming in the maturation of sindbis and influenza virus. | the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor bromoconduritol inhibits the formation of the n-linked, complex-type oligosaccharides of the glycoproteins from influenza viruses (fowl plague virus, influenza virus pr-8) and from sindbis virus. viral glycoproteins produced in bromoconduritol-treated chicken-embryo and baby-hamster kidney cells are fully glycosylated, but accumulate n-linked, high-mannose oligosaccharides of the composition glc1manx (glcnac)2 (x = 7, 8, and 9). other alpha-glucosidase inhibitors ... | 1984 | 6743024 |
| the gene order for rubella virus structural proteins is nh2-c-e2-e1-cooh. | the order of translation in vivo of the genes coding for rubella virus structural proteins was studied in infected b-vero cells. the proteins were sequentially pulse-chase labeled with [35s]methionine after synchronization of translation initiation with hypertonic salt treatment. a sequential labeling procedure ("window-labeling") to specifically label defined segments of the structural proteins was also used. the labeled proteins were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis aft ... | 1984 | 6748161 |
| [identification of monoclonal antibodies against protein e1 of venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus blocking the hemagglutinating but not the infective activity of virions]. | cellular clone (mak 14-7), producing antibodies against the virus of venezuela equine encephalomyelitis (vee), strain 230, was isolated using the standard hybridomata technology. monoclonal antibodies neutralized the viral hemagglutinating activity leaving the infectious one intact. monoclonal antibodies from mad 14-7 reacted specifically with viral glycoprotein e1 as registered by the immunoprecipitation technique. the topography of antigenic determinants of viral e1/e2 glycoprotein dimer formi ... | 1985 | 3842754 |
| comparative structural analysis of hla-a3 antigens distinguishable by cytotoxic t lymphocytes: variant e1. | influenza-specific cytotoxic t cells restricted by hla-a3 recognize differences between hla-a3 antigens that are serologically indistinguishable. to examine whether this differential recognition had a structural basis, we have compared the structures of hla-a3 molecules from epstein barr virus-transformed peripheral blood lymphocytes of two individuals, e1 and m17. m17 was representative of the majority of hla-a3-bearing individuals, whereas e1 was a variant distinguished by cytotoxic t cells. p ... | 1985 | 3871112 |
| cross-reactive target antigen in cell-mediated cytolysis of cells infected with a temperature-sensitive mutant of sindbis virus. | cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) against alphavirus-infected l929 cells were generated in mice by two in vivo immunizations of one virus or by in vivo immunization followed by in vitro stimulation of splenocytes with infected peritoneal exudate cells or splenocytes. these ctl caused specific h-2-restricted cytolysis equally well with homologous, heterologous or sindbis virus ts20 mutant-infected cells. thus, specific ctl appear to be cross-reactive components in normal immunity to alphaviruses and ... | 1985 | 3873514 |
| transformation by human adenoviruses. | when, approximately 10 years ago, it was shown that the functions essential for cell transformation were localized in a small region of the adenovirus genome, a dna segment which at that time was thought to be capable of encoding two or three average-sized proteins at most, it seemed reasonable to hope that an understanding of the mechanisms by which adenoviruses transform cells might be quickly achieved. while such optimism might be forgiven, it was quite clearly naive in the extreme. as a cons ... | 1985 | 3886009 |
| markers of venezuelan encephalitis virus which distinguish enzootic strains of subtype i-d from those of i-e. | strains of venezuelan encephalitis virus isolated from enzootic habitats during interepizootic periods in middle america and northern south america can be distinguished from each other antigenically by hemagglutination inhibition. this test has provided the basis for the classification of these virus strains into subtypes i-e and i-d, respectively. virus strains of these two subtypes have been found to differ profoundly with respect to virulence for english short hair guinea pigs. studies are de ... | 1985 | 3893103 |