Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| efficacy of ivermectin in injectable and oral paste formulations against eight-week-old strongylus vulgaris larvae in ponies. | a controlled test method was used to evaluate the efficacy of injectable micelle and oral paste formulations of ivermectin (22,23-dihydroavermectin b1) against 8-week-old strongylus vulgaris larvae in experimentally infected pony foals. the dosage level of the drug in both formulations tested was 0.2 mg/kg. ponies were euthanatized and necropsied 5 weeks after treatment. based on the recovery of live vs dead s vulgaris from mesenteric arteries, both formulations were greater than 99% effective. ... | 1984 | 6546649 |
| effect of ivermectin treatment on eosinophilic pneumonia and other extravascular lesions of late strongylus vulgaris larval migration in foals. | eighteen parasite-free pony foals were infected orally with 500 third stage larvae of strongylus vulgaris. at 56 days after infection, six ponies were treated with intramuscular ivermectin (22, 23-dihydroavermectin b1); six were treated with oral ivermectin; and six were not treated. necropsy was done 91 days after infection to study the pathologic effects of migrating s. vulgaris larvae and to determine the efficacy of ivermectin in attenuation of s. vulgaris-induced lesions. larval migration i ... | 1984 | 6546823 |
| in vitro induction of lymphocyte responsiveness by a strongylus vulgaris-derived mitogen. | proliferation in vitro of peripheral blood lymphocytes both from horses infected with strongylus vulgaris and from helminth-free ponies was observed in the presence of extracts of the fourth and fifth stage larvae and adults of s. vulgaris. in addition, s. vulgaris extracts induced transformation in cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes from sheep and dogs and in mouse spleen cell cultures. nylon wool non-adherent, t cell enriched fractions of lymphocytes from both mice and horses were stimul ... | 1984 | 6609495 |
| prevalence and epidemiology of the major gastrointestinal parasites of horses in perth, western australia. | a survey was conducted on the prevalence of the major gastrointestinal parasites in 140 horses necropsied in perth, western australia, during 1979 to 1982. adult strongylus vulgaris were found in 22.5 per cent of horses and verminous arteritis in 62.9 per cent. the peak worm prevalence was in november to january (summer). s edentatus had a similar prevalence and seasonality but s equinus was not found in this survey. draschia megastoma and habronema muscae were found in 66.2 per cent and 35.3 pe ... | 1985 | 2934246 |
| intimal asteroid bodies in horses: light and electron microscopic observations. | the morphology of asteroid bodies in equine arteries is demonstrated by light microscopy as well as by scanning and transmission electron microscopy combined with chemical analysis. asteroid bodies first occur in horses at four weeks of age in all investigated tissues except the esophagus and always are located in the subendothelial space. the number, shape, ultrastructure and chemical composition of asteroid bodies differ markedly--depending on the age of the horse. asteroid bodies are round an ... | 1985 | 2988177 |
| activity of closantel in the prevention of gasterophilus and strongylus vulgaris larval infections in equine foals and yearlings. | two controlled tests were conducted in equine foals and yearlings to determine the optimal oral dosage and the duration of activity of closantel for the prevention of gasterophilus spp larval infections. additional data were collected on the activity of closantel against strongylus vulgaris larval infections. in experiment 1, 12 foals and 12 yearlings were equally allocated to 4 experimental groups, and were given oral treatments with closantel at dosages of 0 (nontreated controls), 2, 5, or 8 m ... | 1985 | 3970420 |
| prevalence of some internal parasites recovered at necropsy of thoroughbreds born in 1982 in kentucky. | a total of 89 thoroughbreds, 14 to 333 days old (born in 1982), were examined at necropsy for certain internal parasites during a 1-year-period, mar 1, 1982, to feb 28, 1983. the eyes of 73 of the horses and the cranial mesenteric arteries of 71 were examined. specific interest was on prevalence of parasites according to month of the year and age of the horses at necropsy. parasites recovered (first month-last month infected horse found) were as follows: thelazia lacrymalis (eyes) immature and m ... | 1985 | 3994134 |
| spinal nematodosis in a donkey with posterior paresis. | spinal nematodosis in a four-year-old donkey is described. the animal showed progressive hindlimb paresis of sudden onset. necropsy revealed extensive degeneration and inflammation in the lumbosacral part of the spinal cord, caused by a nematode larva of the suborder strongylina, probably l4 or l5 of strongylus vulgaris. | 1985 | 4013051 |
| in vitro development of strongylus edentatus to the fourth larval stage with notes on strongylus vulgaris and strongylus equinus. | strongylus edentatus was successfully cultured in vitro to the fourth larval stage (l4). some growth continued for periods of 40-50 days at which time reductions in viability were observed in some of the culture systems tested. various combinations of media, sera, buffers and organ explant cultures were tested. all cultures were incubated at 37 c in an atmosphere of 95% air and 5% co2. larvae underwent growth and differentiation to the l4 in all medium-serum combinations with and without organ e ... | 1985 | 4032151 |
| use of oxibendazole for control of cambendazole-resistant small strongyles in a band of ponies: a six-year study. | oxibendazole (obz; 10 mg/kg of body weight) was administered to ponies at 8-week intervals to control strongylosis in a breeding band of shetland-type ponies (n = 29 to 50) from october 1978 through september 1984. a similar use of cambendazole (cbz; 20 mg/kg of body weight) in this band of ponies during the preceding 4-year period resulted in the survival of a cbz-resistant population (s) of small strongyles. effectiveness of obz treatments was monitored by pre- and posttreatment counts of the ... | 1985 | 4083584 |
| integrated control of strongylus vulgaris infection in horses using ivermectin. | an attempt was made to control or eliminate strongylus vulgaris from a closed group of three horses at pasture near perth, western australia, by dosing with ivermectin on four occasions during the time of year when it was believed that environmental conditions would eliminate all the non-parasitic stages of that species. at necropsy, five months after the last dose of anthelmintic and after continually grazing the same pastures, no s vulgaris or arterial lesions were found in those horses and s ... | 1985 | 3841054 |
| evaluation of the myoelectrical activity of the equine ileum infected with strongylus vulgaris larvae. | five weanling ponies were subjected to an intensive 6-week deworming program after which 4 ag-agcl bipolar electrodes were implanted surgically on the distal ileum. for 3 hours each day for 5 consecutive days, ileal myoelectrical activity was recorded from fed ponies under 3 sequential conditions: preinoculation, after oral administration of 1,000 killed strongylus vulgaris infective larvae (3 ponies), and after oral administration of 1,000 live s vulgaris infective larvae. recordings were analy ... | 1986 | 3946905 |
| fenbendazole in equids: further controlled tests with emphasis on activity of multiple doses against naturally occurring infections of migratory large strongyles. | two controlled tests (experiments d and e) were done to evaluate a fenbendazole (fbz) paste dosage regimen (10 mg/kg once a day for 5 days) for activity against naturally occurring infections of migrating strongylus vulgaris and s edentatus in the mesenteric arteries and ventral abdominal wall, respectively. data were also obtained on other internal parasites of the gastrointestinal tract and eyes in experiment e. eight pony yearlings were used in experiment d (4 treated and 4 nontreated) and 6 ... | 1986 | 3954211 |
| control of strongylosis in horses by alternate grazing of horses and sheep and some other aspects of the epidemiology of strongylidae infections. | alternate grazing of horses and sheep as a control measure for gastrointestinal helminthiasis was studied in three grazing experiments in 1981, 1982 and 1983. each year a group of three mare yearling shetland ponies, which were kept on a small pasture from spring to autumn, were compared with a similar group which grazed a similar or the same pasture until july and were subsequently removed to a similar pasture which had been grazed by sheep from april to july. in addition both groups were treat ... | 1986 | 3962151 |
| effectiveness of oxfendazole against early and later 4th-stage strongylus vulgaris in ponies. | twenty pony foals (reared worm free), 6.5 to 10 weeks of age, were inoculated with strongylus vulgaris and allocated to 5 groups, each with 4 foals. one week after inoculation, 1 group of 4 foals was given oxfendazole (ofz) at a dosage rate of 10 mg/kg of body weight, another group was given 2 such treatments 48 hours apart, and a 3rd group was given a placebo. all treatments were administered by stomach tube. three weeks later, foals were euthanatized and necropsied in a test for efficacy again ... | 1986 | 3516023 |
| critical test and safety evaluations of an oral paste preparation of mebendazole and trichlorfon in horses. | critical tests were done on 24 naturally parasitized horses to compare the antiparasitic activity of an oral paste preparation of mebendazole and trichlorfon with that of the marketed powder formulation. each formulation was administered at the recommended dosages of 8.8 mg of mebendazole and 40 mg of trichlorfon/kg of body weight. efficacy of the paste formulation ranged from 97.7% to 100% against 2nd- and 3rd-stage gasterophilus spp, adult strongylus vulgaris, s edentatus, parascaris equorum, ... | 1986 | 3524328 |
| large strongyles. recent advances. | this review cites recent advances in the knowledge pertaining to infections of large strongyles in equids. emphasis is placed on strongylus vulgaris and attention is focused on pathogenesis of clinical manifestations of infections and treatment and control, including chemotherapy of migrating larvae and drug resistance. | 1986 | 3527373 |
| gastro-intestinal helminths of donkeys in burkina faso. | thirty adult donkeys from burkina faso were necropsied and their gastro-intestinal worm burdens counted and determined. the strongylids were the most abundant species with a prevalence of 100% for strongylus vulgaris. four species of strongylus, two of triodontophorus and six of the cyathostominae were recovered. all of the animals were also infested with habronematid nematodes, but oxyurid and ascaridid nematodes were found in low numbers. in addition to the nematodes, the paramphistomid tremat ... | 1986 | 3799012 |
| epidemiology and control of equine strongylosis at newmarket. | seasonal rises in mean faecal egg output were observed in grazing ponies in spring (578 eggs per gram) and in summer (930 epg) on 30 april and 2 september, respectively, in untreated ponies. pasture infectivity reached a peak of 18,486 third stage larvae (l3)/kg on 17 september, two weeks after peak egg counts, coincidental with abundant september rainfall (103.0 mm). differentiation of infective larvae from pasture showed the cyathostomes (small strongyles) to be predominant, but trichostrongyl ... | 1986 | 3803357 |
| serum protein changes in ponies on different parasite control programmes. | serum protein responses were examined in 52 ponies divided into five groups and subjected to various control strategies that resulted in pasture infectivity ranging from 706 to 18,486 infective third stage, cyathostome and trichostrongylus axei larvae per kilogram of herbage (l3/kg) by 17 september 1984. major protein changes occurred only in young ponies (groups 4 and 5) and were observed before exposure to maximum numbers of pasture larvae (group 4; 10,210 l3/kg, group 5: 10,042 l3/kg) on 17 s ... | 1986 | 3803358 |
| observations on the epidemiology and control of strongylus vulgaris infections. | the epidemiology and control of helminth infections in the horse were studied in four small grazing experiments between 1981 and 1984 at the university of utrecht. at autopsy in november or december negligible strongylus vulgaris burdens were found in the cranial mesenteric artery of four groups of ponies, which had been treated with an anthelmintic in july and subsequently transferred to a clean pasture. considerable arterial s. vulgaris burdens were seen in three groups of ponies which were tr ... | 1987 | 3564344 |
| prevalence of internal parasites in horses in critical tests of activity of parasiticides over a 28-year period (1956-1983) in kentucky. | the prevalence and number of naturally acquired gastrointestinal parasites were compiled for horses used in critical tests of activity of parasiticides over a 28-year period (1956-1983). data are presented as follows: n = number of horses examined; % = mean prevalence; number in parentheses after % = aggregate mean number of parasites in infected horses. parasites found were: bots (n = 513) - gasterophilus intestinalis, 2nd instar, 61%(58); 3rd instar, 94%(168); g. nasalis, 2nd instar, 36%(28); ... | 1987 | 3564356 |
| specific serum protein changes associated with primary and secondary strongylus vulgaris infections in pony yearlings. | the concentrations of haptoglobin, immunoglobin (ig)g(t) and igg were measured in the serum of four previously parasite-free pony yearlings following a single dose of 700 (group h) or 200 (group l) stage three strongylus vulgaris larvae (l3) and following a reinfection with the same doses 34 weeks later. the results are compared with an uninfected control pony. the haptoglobin concentration increased during weeks 1 to 6 and 14 to 17 after infection in the serum of the ponies receiving 200 l3, bu ... | 1987 | 3569195 |
| strongylus vulgaris in the tunica media of arteries of ponies and treatment with ivermectin. | a preliminary investigation was made into the effect of fourth-stage strongylus vulgaris larvae sequestered in the tunica media of ileocolic arteries of pony foals treated with ivermectin. the foals had been reared parasite-free, inoculated with infective larvae and given orally a placebo or ivermectin paste. two foals received subsequently one or two further inoculations with larvae and treatment with ivermectin. arteriography was used to identify the lesions in the ileocolic artery following i ... | 1987 | 3607653 |
| common internal parasites found in the stomach, large intestine, and cranial mesenteric artery of thoroughbreds in kentucky at necropsy (1985 to 1986). | a total of 278 thoroughbreds (less than 1 to 31 years old) were examined at necropsy (july 9, 1985, to feb 2, 1986) in kentucky for various internal parasites. examination was not made of all the horses for each of the parasites. specific parasites recovered from the stomach of foals (n = 30) and yearlings and older horses (n = 96) and percentage (in parentheses) of each age category infected, respectively, were as follows: gasterophilus intestinalis 2nd instar (53% and 32%) and 3rd instar (37% ... | 1987 | 2950814 |
| characterisation of surface antigens of strongylus vulgaris of potential immunodiagnostic importance. | when antigens prepared by detergent washes of strongylus vulgaris and parascaris equorum were probed in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test with horse sera from single species infections of s. vulgaris and p. equorum, a high degree of cross-reaction between the species was demonstrated. western blot analysis of four common horse nematode species showed a large number of common antigens when probed with horse infection sera. antisera raised in rabbits against the four species, including s. ... | 1987 | 2444881 |
| hematochezia attributable to cranial mesenteric arterial aneurysm with connecting tracts to cecum and ileum in a horse. | a cranial mesenteric arterial aneurysm with fistulous tracts to the cecum and ileum was discovered in a missouri fox trotter stallion. the principal clinical sign was hematochezia, observed at 7- and 10-day intervals. the lesion may have been attributable to arteritis caused by fourth-stage larvae of strongylus vulgaris. | 1988 | 3204052 |
| in vivo activation of equine eosinophils and neutrophils by experimental strongylus vulgaris infections. | eosinophils and neutrophils from ponies with strongylus vulgaris-induced eosinophilia (eosinophilic ponies; activated eosinophils and neutrophils) were assayed in vitro for chemotactic and chemokinetic responses to zymosan-activated serum (zas) using the filter system in boyden chambers, for fc and complement (c) receptors using the ea and eac-rosette assays, respectively, and for phagocytic and bactericidal activities using opsonized escherichia coli and the acridine orange method. the response ... | 1988 | 3238919 |
| oxfendazole: activity of a two-dose treatment regimen on natural infections of internal parasites of equids, with emphasis on migrating large strongyles in controlled tests in 1986 and 1987. | oxfendazole paste formulation was administered intraorally at a dosage of 10 mg/kg of body weight, twice (48 hours between treatments) in 5 controlled tests (experiments a, b, c, d, and e) to 18 equids (14 horses and 4 ponies) that were 5 to 24 months old in 1986 and 1987. activity was evaluated against naturally acquired infections of various internal parasites, with emphasis on migratory stages of strongylus vulgaris and s edentatus. the number of treated and nontreated equids in each experime ... | 1988 | 3247916 |
| intramural hematoma in the jejunum of a mare. | an intramural hematoma involving a 40-cm segment of the distal portion of the jejunum caused intestinal obstruction and colic in a mature mare. the involved intestine was resected, and an end-to-end anastomosis was performed. the mare recovered completely, but 4 years later had colic caused by incarceration and volvulus of the distal portion of the jejunum, involving fibrous abdominal adhesions. the cause of hematoma was not identified; however, rupture of an intramural vessel after migration of ... | 1988 | 3356579 |
| critical and controlled tests of activity of a macrocyclic lactone (compound f28249-alpha) against natural infections in internal parasites of equids. | thirteen critical tests (n = 11 horses and 2 ponies) and 4 controlled tests (n = 4 donkeys and 6 horses) were performed to evaluate the activity of the experimental macrocyclic lactone compound f28249-alpha against internal parasites of equids. in the critical tests, activity was determined mainly against the large parasites, but 1 critical test also included benzimidazole-resistant small strongyles. in the controlled tests, evaluation of drug activity included large parasites and stomach worms ... | 1989 | 2527481 |
| glycera dibranchiata hemoglobin. structure and refinement at 1.5 a resolution. | the coelomic cells of the common marine bloodworm glycera dibranchiata contain several hemoglobin monomers and polydisperse polymers. we present the refined structure of one of the glycera monomers at 1.5 a resolution. the molecular model for protein and ordered solvent for the deoxy form of the glycera monomer has been refined to a crystallographic r-factor of 12.7% against an x-ray diffraction dataset at 1.5 a resolution. the positions of 1095 protein atoms have been determined with a maximum ... | 1989 | 2585515 |
| internal parasites of horses on mixed grassveld and bushveld in transvaal, republic of south africa. | between 1980 and 1982, the gastrointestinal tracts of 17 horses which had been grazing on mixed grassveld at potchefstroom and bushveld at onderstepoort in the province of transvaal, republic of south africa, were examined at necropsy and processed for parasite recovery. the large strongyles and their prevalences were as follows: strongylus vulgaris and associated lesions (88-94%), strongylus edentatus (24%), strongylus equinus (30%), triodontophorus nipponicus (35%) and craterostomum acuticauda ... | 1989 | 2588465 |
| controlled test and clinical evaluation of dienbendazole against naturally acquired gastrointestinal parasites in ponies. | a controlled test was performed to titrate the anthelmintic dosage of dienbendazole in 24 mixed-breed ponies naturally infected with strongylus vulgaris, s edentatus, and small strongyle species, as determined by parasitic egg and larval counts in feces. comparison of results of treatment was made among 3 dienbendazole dosages--2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg of body weight--and a gum (excipient) mixture given by nasogastric intubation. all ponies were euthanatized and necropsied at 7 or 8 days after treat ... | 1989 | 2619127 |
| preliminary investigations on the effects of a strongylus vulgaris larval extract, mononuclear factors and platelet factors on equine smooth muscle cells in vitro. | factors involved in the proliferation of equine vascular smooth muscle cells were studied in vitro. the most prominent proliferative responses in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells were induced by strongylus vulgaris larval antigen extract (lae) and platelet-derived factors. less significant proliferative responses were obtained with conditioned media from s. vulgaris lae stimulated and from unstimulated equine mononuclear leukocytes. additionally, vascular smooth muscle cells exposed to s. v ... | 1989 | 2631384 |
| strongylus vulgaris in donkeys (equus asinus) from the highveld of zimbabwe. | strongylus vulgaris populations in the cranial mesenteric arteries, caecum and colon were studied in 14 donkeys obtained from a communal area of the zimbabwean highveld during july and november, 1986, and january and april 1987. adult parasites were present in all animals and larvae in the cranial mesenteric arteries of 12 animals. aged animals had high worm burdens. the number of adult parasites varied from 63 to 1255 (mean 382) and of larvae in the arteries from 0 to 181 (mean 69). the mean ad ... | 1989 | 2773269 |
| immunologic and hematologic responses in ponies with experimentally induced strongylus vulgaris infection. | immunologic and hematologic responses were examined in 4 ponies with experimentally induced strongylus vulgaris infection and in 5 helminth-free ponies. two ponies were inoculated with 200 larvae and 2 were inoculated with 700 larvae of s vulgaris and then were reinoculated with the same numbers of larvae 34 weeks later. initial response of the ponies inoculated with s vulgaris was s vulgaris antigen-induced lymphocyte response that developed 1.5 to 3 weeks after inoculation and did not persist. ... | 1989 | 2782721 |
| plasma thromboxane b2 levels in horses experimentally infected with strongylus vulgaris. | plasma thromboxane b2 (txb2) the stable inactive metabolite of thromboxane a2 (txa2), was measured daily by specific radioimmunoassay in three groups of animals before and after experimental infection with strongylus vulgaris. infection of four 'parasite naive' foals produced a typical acute syndrome with intermittent but statistically insignificant rises in txb2 levels. interpretation of results was complicated by the presence of a non-septic peritonitis associated with implantation of the foal ... | 1989 | 9118097 |
| protection of yearling ponies against strongylus vulgaris by foalhood vaccination. | the long-term efficacy of an irradiation attenuated larval (l3) vaccine against strongylus vulgaris was tested in ponies which were reared on pasture. prior to foaling, mares were divided into two groups. one group of mares and foals received regular (eight weekly) treatment with ivermectin and the second group remained untreated. half the foals in each pasture group were vaccinated at eight to ten weeks of age. foals were weaned at three to four months of age and maintained on separate pastures ... | 1989 | 9118099 |
| the effect of strongylus vulgaris larvae on equine intestinal myoelectrical activity. | the myoelectrical activity of the ileum, caecum and large colon was monitored from ag-agcl bipolar recording electrodes in four conscious 'parasite-naive' weanling foals. all foals were inoculated with 1000 infective 3rd-stage strongylus vulgaris larvae and alterations to the myoelectrical activity observed. the frequencies of caecal and colonic spike bursts increased significantly in all post infection periods coinciding with assumed larval penetration into the intestinal mucosa and migration t ... | 1989 | 9118113 |
| the ultrastructure of strongylus vulgaris-mediated equine chronic mesenteric arteritis. | cells found in the intima and media of the cranial mesenteric artery of a mature mare with chronic arteritis were identified as smooth muscle cells and occurred in association with collagen and elastin fibres. as no fibroblasts were demonstrable within these regions, the smooth muscle cells were the likely source of the extracellular matrix. in contrast, the abnormal adventitis from the same artery contained abundant fibroblasts which are considered to be the source of the adventitial collagen. | 1990 | 2316190 |
| effects of repeated strongylus vulgaris inoculations and concurrent ivermectin treatments on mesenteric arterial lesions in pony foals. | eight of 10 pony foals reared under helminth-free conditions were inoculated po with 50 strongylus vulgaris infective larvae/week for 4 weeks, at which time 1 foal died of acute verminous arteritis. inoculation of 7 remaining foals continued at 2-week intervals for 20 weeks. of the 7 foals, 3 were treated with ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg of body weight) in an oral paste formulation at experiment weeks 8, 16, 24; 4 foals were not treated. two foals were not inoculated or treated and served as controls. ... | 1990 | 2327628 |
| sequential mesenteric arteriography in pony foals during repeated inoculations of strongylus vulgaris and treatments with ivermectin. | semiselective mesenteric arteriography was performed at regular intervals (inoculation weeks [iw] 0, 11, 18, and 24) in 9 of 10 pony foals raised to be free of parasites. fifty infective larvae (l3) of strongylus vulgaris were administered weekly for 4 weeks, then every 2 weeks through the 20th week. three ponies were given ivermectin (oral paste, 0.2 mg/kg of body weight) treatment at iw 8, 16 and 24. four ponies were inoculated, but did not receive ivermectin, and a third group of 2 ponies act ... | 1990 | 2327629 |
| prevalence and abundance of equine strongyles (nematoda: strongyloidea) in tropical australia. | a postmortem survey of 57 horses in tropical northern queensland revealed 41 (89%) infected with intestinal strongyles. thirty-five strongyle species (8 large strongyles and 27 small strongyles [cyathostominae]) were recorded of which 9 species are reported from australia for the first time. the 14 most prevalent small strongyles were cyathostomum catinatum (in 76% of horses), cyathostomum coronatum (65%), cyathostomum pateratum (33%), cyathostomum labiatum (30%), cylicostephanus calicatus (70%) ... | 1990 | 2380857 |
| histology and morphometry of strongylus vulgaris-mediated equine mesenteric arteritis. | histological and morphometric evaluation of equine cranial mesenteric arteries was performed on 239 and 89 arteries, respectively. histological examination revealed that thrombosis and the severity of inflammation varied on a seasonal basis and were directly associated with larval presence. intimal and adventitial fibrosis were generally of greater severity than medial fibrosis. fibrosis of the vasa vasorum was less frequent than fibrosis of the artery itself. morphometry revealed a significant ... | 1991 | 2019679 |
| effect of early season ivermectin and pyrantel treatments on strongylid infections in young shetland ponies in the netherlands. | two groups of three ponies were used to study the effect of three ivermectin or pyrantel treatments given at intervals of 5 weeks at the beginning of the grazing season. although each pyrantel treatment resulted in a greater than 95% reduction in faecal egg counts during the first 3 weeks, high pasture larval counts were seen from the beginning of august onwards and substantial cyathostomine burdens were found at necropsy in december. the ivermectin treatments resulted in an even more pronounced ... | 1991 | 2024428 |
| equine neural angiostrongylosis. | verminous encephalomyelitis due to angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae was diagnosed in 2 foals at necropsy. the principal clinical feature was tetraparesis, although history and neurological examination revealed progressive and multifocal neurological disease. at presentation, a tentative diagnosis of parasitic larval migration involving the central nervous system (cns), presumably due to strongylus vulgaris, was proposed. dissection of the spinal cord in one case resulted in recovery of intact ... | 1991 | 2025204 |
| controlled test evaluation of the benzimidazole anthelmintic vet 220-s alone or with concomitant trichlorfon treatment against naturally acquired gastrointestinal parasites in ponies. | a controlled test was done in 30 naturally infected ponies to evaluate the antiparasitic activity of the dienbendazole analog vet 220-s given alone or with trichlorfon (tcf) by nasogastric intubation. six ponies were nontreated; 6 were given vet 220-s (5.0 mg/kg); 6 were given tcf (40 mg/kg); 6 were given vet 220-s (2.5 mg/kg) and tcf (40 mg/kg); and 6 were given vet 220-s (5.0 mg/kg) and tcf (40 mg/kg). all ponies were euthanatized and necropsied 7 or 8 days after treatment. draschia megastoma, ... | 1991 | 2053725 |
| [parasitic helminths of the cecum and colon of equidae in italy]. | intestinal helminths from coecum and colon were studied in 93 equidae including 40 horses, 36 donkeys and 17 mules. a total of 38 species, 36 nematodes and 2 cestodes, were identified as follows: 1) triodontophorus serratus, 2) triodontophorus brevicauda, 3) strongylus equinus, 4) strongylus edentatus, 5) strongylus vulgaris, 6) cyathostomum tetracanthum, 7) cyathostomum coronatum, 8) cyathostomum labiatum, 9) cyathostomum labratum, 10) cyathostomum alveatum, 11) cyathostomum pateratum, 12) cyat ... | 1992 | 1339978 |
| precipitin response of the mitogen produced by strongylus vulgaris arterial larvae. | the precipitin response of the mitogen produced by strongylus vulgaris arterial larvae was investigated. igg (t) from the sera of horses naturally infected with s. vulgaris adults and arterial larvae recognised the presence of two antigenic components of the mitogenic fractions. the results obtained seem to confirm that these antigens are immunogenic in stimulating the production of increased levels of igg(t) in infected animals, and showed that the procedures could be used as immunological tool ... | 1992 | 1413456 |
| critical and controlled tests of activity of moxidectin (cl 301,423) against natural infections of internal parasites of equids. | the activity of moxidectin was evaluated in 1988 and 1989 against natural infections of internal parasites in 20 critical tests (n = 20 equids) and three controlled tests (n = 20 equids). two formulations, injectable administered intramuscularly (i.m.) or intraorally (i.o.) and gel i.o., were given at dose rates of 0.2, 0.3 or 0.4 mg kg-1 body weight. for the critical tests (all three dose rates evaluated), removals of second instar gasterophilus intestinalis were 93-100%, except (89%) for the i ... | 1992 | 1502789 |
| role of the eosinophil in serum-mediated adherence of equine leukocytes to infective larvae of strongylus vulgaris. | the adherence of equine leukocytes to strongylus vulgaris infective larvae (l3) in the presence of normal and immune sera was examined in vitro. immune sera promoted adherence of buffy coat cells from ponies with s. vulgaris-induced eosinophilia (eosinophilic ponies) to s. vulgaris l3. however, eosinophils in the buffy coat cells were the predominant adherent cell type. studies using leukocyte populations enriched for eosinophils, neutrophils, and mononuclear cells from eosinophilic ponies suppo ... | 1992 | 1597792 |
| immune responses of pony foals during repeated infections of strongylus vulgaris and regular ivermectin treatments. | ten helminth-free pony foals divided into three groups were used in this study. eight foals were each experimentally infected per os with 50 strongylus vulgaris infective larvae weekly for 4 weeks, at which time one foal died of acute verminous arteritis. the remaining seven foals subsequently received 50 s. vulgaris infective larvae every 2 weeks for an additional 20 weeks. four of the infected foals remained untreated (group 1) and three of the infected foals were given ivermectin at 8, 16 and ... | 1992 | 1615633 |
| generation and partial characterization of an eosinophil chemotactic cytokine produced by sensitized equine mononuclear cells stimulated with strongylus vulgaris antigen. | supernatants generated by stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from strongylus vulgaris sensitized or immunized ponies were assayed in vitro for eosinophil chemotactic activity (eca) using the filter system in blind well chambers. the supernatants from these cultures were chemotactic for eosinophils, but not for neutrophils. supernates from cultures of unsensitized pbmc stimulated with s. vulgaris antigen were not chemotactic for eosinophils. eca was first detected in culture ... | 1993 | 8236793 |
| critical tests of thiabendazole, oxibendazole, and oxfendazole for drug resistance of population-b equine small strongyles (1989 and 1990). | critical tests were conducted in horses (n = 11) with naturally acquired infections of benzimidazole (bz)-resistant population-b small strongyles in 1989 and 1990. anthelmintics administered were thiabendazole (44 mg/kg of body weight, n = 4), oxibendazole (10 mg/kg, n = 3), and oxfendazole (ofz, 10 mg/kg; n = 4). all compounds were paste formulations administered orally except for 1 of the ofz treatments, which was a suspension formulation given by stomach tube. aggregate mean efficacy was calc ... | 1993 | 8323061 |
| the reappearance of eggs in faeces of horses after treatment with ivermectin. | the reappearance of nematode eggs in faeces after ivermectin treatment was studied in 104 horses on 10 farms during the stabling period. faecal samples were taken at weekly intervals. sampling was discontinued when the mean egg output per farm was > 10% of the pre-treatment egg output. this point was reached after 63 days, when the mean output of eggs had decreased to 70.3%. before treatment, 95.9% of the cultured larvae were of the cyathostome type, the others belonged to gyalocephalus capitatu ... | 1993 | 8498011 |
| experimental immunization of ponies with strongylus vulgaris radiation-attenuated larvae or crude soluble somatic extracts from larval or adult stages. | protection from strongylus vulgaris infection through immunization with radiation-attenuated third-stage larvae (l3) or crude soluble homogenates from larval or adult stages was examined. yearling ponies raised parasite-free were divided into 3 immunization groups: radiation-attenuated l3; soluble adult somatic extracts; larval somatic extracts with excretory/secretory products (e/s) from in vitro culture; and 1 medium control group. ponies were immunized twice; attenuated larvae were administer ... | 1994 | 7799164 |
| transmission of some species of internal parasites in horses born in 1990, 1991, and 1992 in the same pasture on a farm in central kentucky. | studies were conducted on transmission of natural infections of several species of internal parasites in horses born and kept on the same pasture on a farm in central kentucky. data for the first year (1989) of a 4 year study on this farm have been published recently. the present research represents the second (1990), third (1991), and fourth (1992) years of the investigation. the number of animals (n = 28) examined varied from eight born in 1990 to ten each born in 1991 and 1992. for each year, ... | 1994 | 8073609 |
| characterisation of proteolytic activity of excretory-secretory products from adult strongylus vulgaris. | an excretory-secretory (es) preparation derived from adult strongylus vulgaris in vitro was assessed for proteolytic activity using azocasein and synthetic, fluorogenic, peptide substrates. fractionation was by molecular sieve fast protein liquid chromatography (molecular sieve fplc) and resolution by gelatin-substrate sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (gelatin-substrate sds-page). the cysteine proteinase activator, dithiothreitol (dtt), enhanced azocaseinolysis and hydr ... | 1994 | 8073612 |
| in vitro culture of equine strongylidae to the fourth larval stage in a cell-free medium. | an efficient and reliable method is described for the culture of equine strongyles from the third (l3) to the fourth (l4) larval stage. medium consists of 50% fetal calf serum and 50% nctc with additions of l-glutamine, nahco3, yeast extract, bactopeptone, and dextrose. the gas phase used is of prime importance; it is a mixture of 10% co2, 5% o2, and 85% n2. strongylus vulgaris, strongylus edentatus, strongylus equinus, triodontophorus brevicauda, triodontophorus serratus, triodontophorus tenuic ... | 1994 | 8158465 |
| production and characterization of monospecific adult worm infections of strongylus vulgaris and strongylus edentatus in ponies. | since 1978, 20 surgical implantations of either strongylus vulgaris or strongylus edentatus have been performed in our laboratory for the purpose of obtaining single species cultures of these parasites. following surgical implantation peak epg values of 13-327 (s. vulgaris) and 363-1284 (s. edentatus) generally occurred during the first 3 weeks post-implantation. duration of infections was as long as 5 years. successful outcome of such surgeries appears to be related to the total number of paras ... | 1994 | 8171827 |
| dose titration of moxidectin oral gel against gastrointestinal parasites of ponies. | moxidectin was tested as an oral gel formulation during a controlled test performed to evaluate dosages against equine gastrointestinal parasites. four groups of ten ponies were used. ponies ranged from 1 to 20 years of age and were naturally infected in southern louisiana or mississippi. fecal exams and fecal cultures were performed on all ponies to determine the strongyle egg counts and the percent distributions of large and small strongyles. following these determinations, ponies were allocat ... | 1995 | 8533282 |
| dose titration of moxidectin oral gel against migrating strongylus vulgaris and parascaris equorum larvae in pony foals. | moxidectin was tested for efficacy in ponies against experimental infections of 56 day strongylus vulgaris larvae and 11 day parascaris equorum larvae. three dosages of moxidectin were tested: 300 micrograms per kg live body weight, 400 micrograms per kg, and 500 micrograms per kg, and the vehicle served as control. ponies were first infected with 600 s. vulgaris third-stage larvae (l3) on experiment day 0 and then with 3000 embryonated p. equorum eggs on day 45. moxidectin treatments were admin ... | 1995 | 8644446 |
| controlled efficacy study of the bioequivalence of strongid c and generic pyrantel tartrate in horses. | the bioequivalence of strongid c and generic pyrantel tartrate was determined in a controlled study using 30 horses with naturally acquired endoparasitic infections. three horses were randomly allocated to each of ten replicates based on quantitative nematode and ascarid egg counts and fecal larvae culture results. horses within each replicate were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups. horses in treatment group 1 received only oats; horses in treatment group 2 received generic pyra ... | 1995 | 8644462 |
| the capacity of the fungus duddingtonia flagrans to prevent strongyle infections in foals on pasture. | a field trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of the nematode-destroying fungus duddingtonia flagrans to control free-living stages of horse strongyles. in late spring 2 groups of horses (yearlings) with mixed infections of strongyles were allowed to contaminate 2 equal-sized pastures. one of the groups (f) received a daily dose of d. flagrans mixed in a feed supplement, while the other (c) received a similar amount of supplement without fungus. during a 3-month contamination period stro ... | 1996 | 8710410 |
| comparison of moxidectin oral gel and ivermectin oral paste against a spectrum of internal parasites of ponies with special attention to encysted cyathostome larvae. | two dosages of moxidectin oral gel were evaluated and compared to a therapeutic dose of ivermectin oral paste in the control of a spectrum of gastrointestinal parasites of ponies naturally infected in southern louisiana or mississippi. thirty-two mixed-breed ponies ranging in age from one to 21 years were used in this controlled test. eight weeks prior to the experiment, ponies grazing on contaminated pasture were moved to a paddock and fed a pelleted ration, thus reducing or eliminating the pot ... | 1996 | 8966989 |
| study on the gastrointestinal parasite fauna of ponies in northern germany. | quantitative faecal and post-mortem examinations of 16 ponies, 1 to 2 1/2 years of age, originating from 3 farms in northern germany were performed in february 1995 to determine the prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasites in these animals. a total of 33 species of metazoan parasites was recovered: three tapeworm species (anoplocephala perfoliata, a. magna, paranoplocephala mamillana), strongylus vulgaris, s. edentatus, small strongyles (including four triodontophorus spp., cratero ... | 1996 | 9060170 |
| controlled dose confirmation study of a 2% moxidectin equine gel against equine internal parasites in the netherlands. | the efficacy of a 2% moxidectin equine gel at a dosage rate of 0.4 mg kg-1 was evaluated in a controlled trial at utrecht university. twelve yearling castrated male shetland ponies grazed a pasture of 2 ha from may 1994 until housing in november. six ponies were treated with moxidectin, whereas the others served as non-treated controls. necropsy was carried out 35 days after treatment. greater than 99% efficacy of moxidectin was observed on faecal egg output. no effect of moxidectin was observed ... | 1997 | 9195720 |
| occurrence of gasterophilus intestinalis and some parasitic nematodes of horses in sweden. | a survey was performed on the occurrence of some internal parasites in 461 horses (1-30 years old) slaughtered from october 1992 to september 1993 at the linköping abattoir in central sweden. macroscopical examination was carried out specifically for parasites of the tear ducts and conjunctival sacs of the eyes, and of selected parts of the alimentary tract and cardio-vascular system. the following parasites were found in selected parts of the large intestine: encapsulated cyathostome larvae (in ... | 1997 | 9257451 |
| cryopreservation of third-stage larvae of strongylus vulgaris (large strongyle of horses). | a technique for the cryopreservation of third-stage larvae of strongylus vulgaris is described. infective larvae of s. vulgaris were exsheathed in a 0.16% sodium hypochlorite solution and then transferred into cryotubes containing 0.09% saline. the samples were stored in the gas phase of liquid nitrogen. | 1997 | 9352567 |
| role of lipids in the transmission of the infective stage (l3) of strongylus vulgaris (nematoda: strongylida). | infective larvae (l3) of strongylus vulgaris have limited energy stores for host finding and for infection. for transmission to occur, the larvae must have sufficient energy to (a) migrate onto grass, where they are ingested by their equine host (host finding), and (b) penetrate into the host gut. this study is designed to test the hypothesis that l3 larvae of s. vulgaris partition their energy stores between locomotory activity (used in host finding) and infection activity (penetration). chroni ... | 1997 | 9379277 |
| foals raised on pasture with or without daily pyrantel tartrate feed additive: comparison of parasite burdens and host responses following experimental challenge with large and small strongyle larvae. | three groups of foals were raised under different management programs in this study: group 1 (n = 6) and group 2 (n = 6) were raised with their dams on pasture; group 3 foals (n = 5) were raised under parasite-free conditions. mares and foals of group 1 received daily pyrantel tartrate (pt) treatment with their pelleted feed ration, whereas mares and foals of groups 2 and 3 received only the pelleted ration. pasture-reared foals were weaned and moved to a heavily contaminated pasture for 5 weeks ... | 1997 | 9477514 |
| efficacy of moxidectin and other anthelmintics against small strongyles in horses. | to compare the efficacy of moxidectin to ivermectin, oxibendazole and morantel against some gastrointestinal nematodes in horses. | 1998 | 9631701 |
| an immunohistochemical investigation of the adult stage of the equine parasite strongylus vulgaris. | adult strongylus vulgaris, collected from the caecum of infected horses and embedded in paraplast using standard methods, were sectioned for immunohistochemistry (ihc) studies. antibodies were raised in rabbit against the excretory-secretory product (esp) and against two constituent protein bands (28-30 kda). the use of sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and immunoblotting indicated the immunogenicity of esp and of the ... | 1998 | 9687598 |
| efficacy of a 2 per cent moxidectin gel against gastrointestinal parasites of ponies. | the efficacy of moxidectin was evaluated in young ponies naturally infected with gastrointestinal parasites. eight animals were treated orally with moxidectin at 0.4 mg/kg bodyweight and eight received only the vehicle. they were all necropsied two weeks later. faecal samples were examined daily for egg counts and larval cultures. parasites were recovered from total faecal samples collected daily and from the gastrointestinal tracts at necropsy. moxidectin reduced the strongyle egg counts by > 9 ... | 1998 | 9854319 |
| comparative efficacy evaluation of moxidectin gel and ivermectin paste against internal parasites of equines in brazil. | a total of 24 male and female equines of mixed breed, 10-20 months of age and naturally infected with internal parasites was utilized in a controlled test to evaluate the efficacy of a moxidectin 2% gel formulation at the dosage of 0.4 mg moxidectin per kg of live weight and an ivermectin 1.87% commercial paste formulation at the dosage 0.2 mg ivermectin per kg applied orally. animals were allocated into three groups of eight horses each based on pre-treatment eggs per gram (epg) counts and trea ... | 1998 | 9877068 |
| vaccination against strongylus vulgaris in ponies: comparison of the humoral and cytokine responses of vaccinates and nonvaccinates. | 1999 | 9890030 | |
| a field survey on the distribution of strongyle infections of horses in sweden and factors affecting faecal egg counts. | faecal egg counts were performed during the first quarter of 1995 on samples from 1183 horses of varying breeds, ages and gender on 110 farms in 3 regions of sweden. the majority of the horses had been treated with ivermectin or pyrantel when stabled the previous autumn. the risk of reinfection with strongyles between treatment and sampling was therefore considered to be minimal. consequently, the results reflect primarily the occurrence of worms originating from inhibited strongyle larvae refra ... | 1999 | 9952332 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the 5-aminolevulinate synthase gene. | the evolution of 5-aminolevulinate synthase (als) was studied by acquiring sequence data and generating phylogenetic trees. gene sequences were already available for a variety of vertebrates (which have both a housekeeping and an erythroid form of the gene), fungi, alpha-proteobacteria, and one protist and one protostome. in order to generate representative trees, als sequence data were acquired from various deuterostomes and protostomes. the species and tissues selected for study were beluga wh ... | 1999 | 10331264 |
| transglutaminase activity in equine strongyles and its potential role in growth and development. | transglutaminases (e.c. 2.3.3.13) are a family of ca(2+)-dependent enzymes that stabilize protein structure by catalyzing the formation of isopeptide bonds. a novel form of transglutaminase has been identified and characterized that seem to play an important role in growth, development, and molting in adult and larval stages of filarial nematodes. the aim of this study was to identify the ubiquitous nature of this enzyme in other nematodes and to measure its significance to larval growth, moltin ... | 1999 | 10416187 |
| ultrastructural aspects of feeding and secretion-excretion by the equine parasite strongylus vulgaris. | light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy were employed to provide further data on the putative origins of the immunogenic secretory-excretory product (esp) of strongylus vulgaris (looss 1900). the sharply delineated but superficial attachment to the equine caecum by the mouth leaves behind an oval area devoid of epithelial cells. attachment does not extend deeply enough to reach the muscularis mucosa layer of the equine intestine. the progressive digestion of the ingested plug of ti ... | 1999 | 10431375 |
| species-specific amplification by pcr of ribosomal dna from some equine strongyles. | the first and second internal transcribed spacer sequences of 28 morphologically-defined species of horse strongyle were characterized, and specific oligonucleotide primers were designed for some species based on the nucleotide differences. utilizing these primers, a pcr approach was developed for the specific amplification of ribosomal dna of strongylus vulgaris, cyathostomum catinatum, cylicocyclus nassatus, cylicostephanus longibursatus or cylicostephanus goldi. the method allowed the species ... | 1999 | 10446706 |
| parasite diversity and anthelmintic resistance in two herds of horses. | diversity of parasite populations was compared between two herds of horses, one a regularly treated herd the other a feral herd which has bad no anthelmintic treatment for at least 25 years. eggs obtained from fecal samples of both herds were tested for anthelmintic resistance by use of an in-vitro larval hatch/development assay (lda), drenchrite. a fecal egg reduction test was also performed with the domesticated herd using fenbendazole, pyrantel pamoate and ivermectin. cyathostomes were the pr ... | 1999 | 10485366 |
| prevalence of selected species of internal parasites in equids at necropsy in central kentucky (1995-1999). | a survey to determine current prevalence of several species of endoparasites in equids (n=350) at necropsy was conducted at the livestock disease diagnostic center in central kentucky (1995-1999). thelazia lacrymalis were found in 42% of the 1- to 4-year olds (n=132), which was the only age group examined for these parasites. five- to 30-year olds (n=157), examined for onchocerca spp. worms/lesions, had a prevalence of 24%. in > or =1-year olds (n=324), the infection rate for gasterophilus intes ... | 2000 | 10936545 |
| prevalence and biodiversity of helminth parasites in donkeys from south africa. | seven donkeys (equus asinus) from north-west and mpumalanga provinces in south africa were examined at necropsy. quantitative samples were collected from the gastrointestinal tract for recovery of helminth parasites from the stomach, small intestine, cecum, ventral colon, dorsal colon, descending colon, and cranial mesenteric artery. fifteen genera and 29 species of helminths were identified comprising 27 species of nematodes in the ascarididae, atractidae, habronematidae, onchocercidae, oxyurid ... | 2000 | 10958452 |
| the "galloping" history of intermittent claudication. | intermittent claudication (ic) due to arterial occlusive disease was first diagnosed by the french veterinary surgeon jean-françois bouley jeune in a horse drawing a cabriolet in the streets of paris as early as 1831. the animal was repeatedly exercised and always started to limp with the hind legs at similar work loads. autopsy revealed partially thrombosed aneurysm of the abdominal aorta and occlusions of both femoral arteries which were correctly identified as the cause of ic. in 1858 the fam ... | 2000 | 11141657 |
| occurrence of strongylidae (nematoda: strongyloidea) in polish horses "tarpans" from popielne reserve. | the study was performed to evaluate intensity of strongylid infection in stabled tarpans using the method of collecting worms after anthelmintic treatment and in wild tarpans from popielne reserve on the basis of faecal examination. after treatment with ivermectin 12 cyathostomes and one large strongyle species were recovered from the faeces of two tarpans. the most abundant cyathostome species were c. catinatum, c. pateratum, c. longibursatum, c. nassatum and c. coronatus. a higher intensity of ... | 2000 | 16886356 |
| verminous arteritis in a 3-month-old thoroughbred foal. | strongylus vulgaris migration and cranial mesenteric arterial thrombus formation resulted in fatal colic in a 3-month-old thoroughbred foal. vascular damage associated with s. vulgaris occurs early in the course of infection and, despite widespread use of broad-spectrum anthelmintics, appropriate management is still essential to minimize exposure of young animals to this parasite. | 2001 | 11326632 |
| transmission of endoparasites in horse foals born on the same pasture on a farm in central kentucky (1996-1999). | research carried out during the last 4 years (1996-1999) of an 11-year study of the prevalence of internal parasites naturally transmitted to horse foals born on the same pasture on a farm in central kentucky is presented here. horses in this herd were not treated with any antiparasitic compound for over 20 years except for a replacement stallion in 1994. a total of 22 species, including 12 species of small strongyles, were recovered in the 4-year period. transmission patterns of all species (n= ... | 2001 | 11358626 |
| ultrastructural aspects of the oesophageal and reproductive systems of the equine parasite strongylus vulgaris. | the ultrastructure of the dorsal oesophageal gland ampulla and its relationship with the oesophagus, oesophageal ultrastructure, and control mechanisms in oesophageal activity were studied. terminal ducts of the sub-ventral glands open through the oesophageal crown at the base of the buccal cavity. the terminal duct of the dorsal oesophageal gland running through the dorsal gutter opens to the exterior at the rim 'groove' of the buccal capsule. the posterior oesophageal region is clavate and the ... | 2002 | 12015827 |
| high abrasion resistance with sparse mineralization: copper biomineral in worm jaws. | biominerals are widely exploited to harden or stiffen tissues in living organisms, with calcium-, silicon-, and iron-based minerals being most common. in notable contrast, the jaws of the marine bloodworm glycera dibranchiata contain the copper-based biomineral atacamite [cu2(oh)3cl]. polycrystalline fibers are oriented with the outer contour of the jaw. using nanoindentation, we show that the mineral has a structural role and enhances hardness and stiffness. despite the low degree of mineraliza ... | 2002 | 12376695 |
| anthelmintic resistance in nematodes of horses. | suppressive anthelmintic treatment strategies originally designed to control strongylus vulgaris in horses were extremely successful in reducing morbidity and mortality from parasitic disease. unfortunately, this strategy has inadvertently resulted in the selection of drug-resistant cyathostomes (cyathostominea), which are now considered the principal parasitic pathogens of horses. resistance in the cyathostomes to benzimidazole drugs is highly prevalent throughout the world, and resistance to p ... | 2002 | 12387486 |
| factors controlling the bioavailability of ingested methylmercury to channel catfish and atlantic sturgeon. | the bioavailability of ingested methylmercury (ch3hg(iii) was investigated in vitro using the gastric and intestinal fluids of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, and atlantic sturgeon, acipenser oxyrinchus. gastric fluid collected from each species was incubated with ch3hg(ii)-spiked sediment or bloodworms, after which the intestinal fluid of each species was added and incubated further. the proportion of ch3hg(ii) solubilized from bloodworms and sediment appeared to be controlled by complexa ... | 2002 | 12523429 |
| purification and analyses of the specificity of two putative diagnostic antigens for larval cyathostomin infection in horses. | cyathostomins are important equine gastrointestinal parasites. mass emergence of mucosal stage larvae causes a potentially fatal colitis. mucosal stages are undetectable non-invasively. an assay that would estimate mucosal larval stage infection would greatly assist in treatment, control and prognosis. previously, we identified two putative diagnostic antigens (20 and 25 kda) in somatic larval preparations. here, we describe their purification and antigen-specific igg(t) responses to them. weste ... | 2003 | 13129671 |
| clinical signs and hematologic, cytokine, and plasma nitric oxide alterations in response to strongylus vulgaris infection in helminth-naïve ponies. | the objective of this study was to determine the effect of infection with strongylus vulgaris on serum cytokines and plasma nitric oxide (no) concentrations in helminth-naive ponies. group 1 (n = 21) was given 500 s. vulgaris l3 larvae and group 2 (n = 7) received a saline control. ponies were monitored daily for clinical signs, and blood was collected for complete blood cell counts and serum cytokines (tnf, il-1, il-6) quantification. group 1 ponies were depressed, anorexic, and febrile for var ... | 2004 | 15352544 |
| fishing for allergens: bloodworm-induced asthma. | abstract : hypersensitivity to bloodworms (chironomid larvae) leading to asthma and other related allergic disorders is becoming common in individuals who keep or work with fish due to the increased use of bloodworms as fish food or bait. | 2005 | 20529225 |
| prevalence of large endoparasites at necropsy in horses infected with population b small strongyles in a herd established in kentucky in 1966. | two closed horse herds (old lot 4 and field 24), infected since 1966 with population b small strongyles resistant to thiabendazole (tbz) and phenothiazine (ptz), were terminated in february, march, and may, 2005. at necropsy, only the large endoparasites were identified and counted. the number of horses on pasture was 14 (239 days of age to 23 years old) for old lot 4 and two (3 to 20 years old) for field 24. the time of the last antiparasitic treatment, relative to the year (2005) of necropsy, ... | 2006 | 16508764 |
| gastrointestinal parasitic worms in equines in the paraíba valley, state of são paulo, brazil. | over a period of 12 years, from 1988 to 2000, a total of 20 individual equines (16 horses and 4 mules) were selected at random, from 10 municipalities in the paraíba valley, in the state of são paulo, brazil, and then subjected to necropsy for collection of gastrointestinal worms. individual samples of 10% of the intestinal contents were also taken for counting and identifying the species present, and to establish the prevalence of worms in equine species in the paraíba valley. in the sample con ... | 2006 | 16687215 |
| role of melanin in mechanical properties of glycera jaws. | the remarkable mechanical prowess of the jaws of the bloodworm glycera dibranchiata appears to be a consequence of a robust cross-linked network of organic molecules, notably melanin and proteins, as well as small amounts of unmineralized cu and a cu-based mineral. the present study focuses on the role of melanin. mechanical properties of untreated jaws and the constituent melanin are probed through nanoindentation, both in air and underwater. complementary information is obtained from density a ... | 2006 | 16831576 |
| ubiquitous expression of acetylcholine and its biological functions in life forms without nervous systems. | using a radioimmunoassay (ria) with high specificity and sensitivity (1 pg/tube) for acetylcholine (ach), we have been able to measure the ach content in samples from the bacteria, archaea and eucarya domains of the universal phylogenetic tree. we found detectable levels of ach to be ubiquitous in bacteria (e.g., bacillus subtilis), archaea (e.g., thermococcus kodakaraensis kod1), fungi (e.g., shiitake mushroom and yeast), plants (e.g., bamboo shoot and fern) and animals (e.g., bloodworm and lug ... | 2007 | 17363003 |