Publications

detection of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotypes 1 and 2 in cell culture and clinical samples using polymerase chain reaction.	the potential for the use of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in detecting epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) ribonucleic acid in cell cultures and clinical samples was studied. using oligoribonucleotide primers selected from genome segment 6 of ehdv-2 (alberta strain), the pcr-based assay resulted in a 387-base pair (bp) pcr product. ehdv rna from us prototype serotypes 1 and 2 and a number of ehdv field isolates, propagated in cell cultures, were detected by this ehdv pcr-based assa ...	1994	8068743
the smallest gene of the orbivirus, epizootic hemorrhagic disease, is expressed in virus-infected cells as two proteins and the expression differs from that of the cognate gene of bluetongue virus.	the smallest gene (s10) of the virus of epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer (ehd, serotype 2) is expressed as two proteins in virus-infected cells. by contrast, the non-structural proteins (ns3 and ns3a) encoded in the smallest gene of bluetongue (bt) viruses are difficult to detect in virus-infected cells. the nucleotide sequence of s10 of ehdv-2 contains two in-frame initiation codons which allow for translation of proteins of mol. wt. 25503 and 23921 analogous to ns3 and ns3a of bt viruses. ...	1994	8079516
subcore- and core-like particles of broadhaven virus (brdv), a tick-borne orbivirus, synthesized from baculovirus expressed vp2 and vp7, the major core proteins of brdv.	the genes encoding the two major core proteins (vp2 and vp7) of broadhaven (brd) virus, a tick-borne orbivirus, were inserted into the genome of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) under the control of copies of the acnpv polyhedrin promoter to produce two recombinant baculoviruses. infection of spodoptera frugiperda (sf) cells with a recombinant acnpv that synthesized brdv vp2 produced large numbers of brdv subcore-like particles. co-infection of cells with the two recombi ...	1994	8079519
fine mapping of a continuous epitope on vp7 of bluetongue virus using overlapping synthetic peptides and a random epitope library.	two complementary techniques have been used to delineate an epitope on vp7 of bluetongue virus. two mabs (f10 and d11), both of which bound within a region spanning amino acids 255 to 274 in the 349 amino acid protein, were used to probe overlapping synthetic peptides covering this region. a pentapeptide, qypal, and a hexapeptide, qy-palt (amino acids 259-264), preferentially bound both mabs. mab f10 also reacted with a heptapeptide (taeifnv) immediately adjacent to qypalt. the mabs were also us ...	1994	7505073
the multimeric nonstructural ns2 proteins of bluetongue virus, african horsesickness virus, and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus differ in their single-stranded rna-binding ability.	the structure and single-stranded (ss) rna-binding by the nonstructural protein ns2 of three different orbiviruses were studied and compared. african horsesickness virus (ahsv), bluetongue virus (btv), and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) were analyzed in recombinant baculovirus-infected cells and in cells infected with btv and ahsv. sedimentation analysis and nonreducing sds-page revealed that ns2 of all three orbiviruses is a 7s multimer with both inter- and intramolecular disulfide ...	1995	7539971
an epizootic of hemorrhagic disease in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in missouri: necropsy findings and population impact.	an epizootic occurred among white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) from july through october 1988 in missouri (usa). from late july through september, nine necropsied deer had lesions of the peracute or acute forms of hemorrhagic disease (hd) or no apparent lesions, whereas two deer necropsied in october had lesions of the chronic form of hd. epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus was isolated from two necropsied deer. based on changes in population indices, there is evidence that deer populati ...	1995	7563421
application of pcr for specific identification of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 2.		1995	7578457
low prevalence of antibodies to bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses in dogs from southern georgia.		1995	7578458
comparison of polymerase chain reaction and virus isolation for detection of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus in clinical samples from naturally infected deer.	we compared our recently reported reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assay for detection of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) in clinical samples with different virus isolation (vi) procedures. thirty-six blood samples and 1 spleen sample from deer were assessed by the ehdv pcr assay and vi in baby hamster kidney (bhk)-21 cells and embryonated chicken eggs (ece). the ehdv pcr assay detected ehdv rna from 6 blood samples obtained from deer during 1988-1989 outbre ...	1995	7619901
geographical genetic variation in the gene encoding vp3 from the alberta isolate of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus.	the complete nucleic acid and deduced amino acid sequences of gene segment 3 and the encoded vp3 from the north american, alberta isolate of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 2 (ehdv-2) are reported. complementary dna corresponding to segment 3 was 2768 nucleotides in length with an open reading frame of 2697 base pairs which encoded a vp3 polypeptide of 899 amino acid residues. sequence comparison with genome segment 3 and vp3 from the australian strain of ehdv-2 indicated genotypic ...	1995	7653105
comparison of the non-structural protein, ns1, of tick-borne and insect-borne orbiviruses.	the nucleotide sequence of rna segment 6 of broadhaven virus (brdv), a tick-borne orbivirus, was determined principally from two overlapping cdna clones and rna end sequence analysis. the genome segment is 1714 base pairs in length and has a coding capacity for a protein of 537 amino acids, having a net charge of +4.0 at neutral ph. comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence of brdv rna segment 6 with the ns1 sequence of insect-borne orbiviruses, bluetongue virus (btv), african horse sickne ...	1995	7653106
a model for the membrane topology of the ns3 protein as predicted from the sequence of segment 10 of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus serotype 1.	segment 10, encoding nonstructural proteins 3 (ns3) and 3a (ns3a) of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus serotype 1 (ehdv-1) was sequenced. computer motif recognition programs were used for interpretation of the sequence data to predict a structure for ns3. integral membrane protein theories were then applied to produce a general topological model for the ehdv-1 ns3 protein. homology was observed between ehdv-1 ns3 integral membrane motifs and those similarly observed in the cognate proteins of ...	1995	7794120
identification of the major north american bluetongue viruses using nucleic acid amplification techniques.	a set of primers (btv-pr1/2) were selected that hybridized to the vp3 gene of the major north american serotypes of bluetongue virus (btv). polymerase chain reaction (pcr) testing yielded positive results from specimens of major north american btv isolates (serotypes 10, 11, 13 and 17) propagated in vero cells. in addition, pcr assays were positive from samples of all other btv serotypes, except btv-16; however, an alternative primer pair (btv-prn1/n2) was devised for amplification of this serot ...	1995	7477017
development of polymerase chain reaction for specific identification of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 1.	the diagnostic potential of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for specific identification of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 1 (ehdv-1) in cell culture and clinical specimens was evaluated. using oligonucleotide primers, selected from genome segment 2 of ehdv-1 (new jersey strain), the pcr-based assay resulted in a 862 base pair (bp) pcr product. ehdv-1 rna from united states prototype serotype 1 and a number of ehdv-1 field isolates, propagated in cell cultures, were detected by ...	1995	8572948
epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus and bluetongue virus serotype distribution in white-tailed deer in georgia.	serum samples collected from 1,396 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in five areas of georgia (usa) from 1989 to 1991 were tested for precipitating and serum neutralizing (sn) antibodies to the enzootic north american epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) and bluetongue virus (btv) serotypes. precipitating antibodies to the ehdv or btv serogroups, as detected by agar gel immunodiffusion (agid) tests, were present in 35%, 29%, and 39% of deer sampled in 1989, 1990, and 1991, respect ...	1995	8592353
competitive elisa for the detection of antibodies against epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer virus.	a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is described for the detection of antibodies against epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer viruses (ehdv). test antisera were tested against a guinea-pig antiserum raised against ehdv core particles. the assay detected antibodies to all serotypes of ehdv, but unlike the agar gel immunodiffusion (agid) test, gave no cross-reactions with antibodies against bluetongue, palyam and tilligery viruses. the c-elisa would be ideal for use in epidemiologica ...	1995	8609206
identification of an antigenic peptide specific for bluetongue virus using phage display expression of ns1 sequences.	ns1 is a non-structural protein associated with the replication of bluetongue virus (btv), an orbivirus (reoviridae) that infects sheep and cattle. ns1 is potentially useful as a diagnostic antigen since the presence of specific antibodies is an indication that the virus has replicated in the host. it is, however, not antigenically unique and cross-reacts serologically with the analogous protein of the related epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv).	1995	9373350
culicoides (diptera:ceratopogonidae) collected during epizootics of hemorrhagic disease among captive white-tailed deer.	to help determine specific vectors of epizootic hemorrhagic disease (ehd) and bluetongue (bt) viruses for white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus zimmermann, in the southeastern united states, culicoides sp. midges were collected during epizootics of hemorrhagic disease among captive white-tailed deer in georgia, mississippi, and north carolina. culicoides variipennis (coquillett), a confirmed vector of ehd and bt viruses, was present in low numbers in light-trap collections made at all sites. ...	1996	8667402
detection and differentiation of epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer and bluetongue viruses by serogroup-specific sandwich elisa.	a serogroup specific sandwich elisa was developed for the detection of epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer viruses (ehdv) in infected insects and tissue culture preparations. polyclonal rabbit antiserum against purified ehdv core particles was used to capture viral antigen and specific binding detected using guinea pig antisera against ehdv core particles followed by anti-guinea pig immunoglobulin enzyme-labelled conjugate. the assay is ehdv specific and detects all 8 serotypes. no cross-reac ...	1996	8690767
site-specific mutations in the ns2 protein of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus markedly affect the formation of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies.	the importance of a conserved amino acid motif in the nonstructural protein ns2 of different orbiviruses was investigated with regard to virus inclusion body (vib) formation. a number of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus ns2 deletion and substitution mutants were prepared and expressed as baculovirus recombinants. deletion of the motif or substitution of at least three residues within the region, had a detrimental effect on vib formation in insect cells. furthermore, these ns2 mutants were no ...	1996	8712931
monoclonal antibody based competitive elisa for the detection of antibodies against epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer virus.	a monoclonal antibody based competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (mc-elisa) for the detection of antibodies against epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer viruses (ehdv) is described. test sera were competed with a monoclonal antibody against the vp7 protein of ehdv serotype 1. the assay was capable of detecting antibodies to all serotypes of ehdv but unlike the agar gel immunodiffusion (agid) test, gave no cross-reactions with antibodies against bluetongue, palyam or tilligery viruses. ...	1996	8801224
systemic adenovirus infection associated with high mortality in mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in california.	seventeen counties in northern california experienced epizootics of high mortality in the mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) population during the latter half of 1993. thirteen deer submitted to the california veterinary diagnostic laboratory system as part of this natural die-off had systemic adenovirus infection. pulmonary edema was present in all 13 deer. erosions, ulceration, and abscessation of the upper alimentary tract occurred in 7/13 deer. four of 13 deer had hemorrhagic enteritis. all 13 ...	1996	8801705
development of pcr-based tests for the identification of north american isolates of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus.	a serogroup-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay and isolate identification strategies (restriction endonuclease analysis (rea) and nucleotide sequencing) were developed for the detection of north american isolates of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv). pcr primers (ehdv-pr4, ehdv-pr5) were designed to hybridize to the l3 gene of a north american isolate of ehdv serotype 1. total nucleic acid was extracted from preparations of infected tissue culture and pcr was performed usin ...	1996	8825996
expression of the major inner capsid protein of the epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus in baculovirus and potential diagnostic use.	the rna 7 encoding the major capsid protein (vp7) of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv), australian serotype 2 (strain cs439), was cloned and the complete nucleotide sequence was determined. the coding region contained 1047 nucleotides (nt) capable of encoding a predicted 349 amino acid (aa) polypeptide with a calculated molecular size of 38.087 kda. when the vp7 gene was expressed in bacterial or yeast expression systems, the expression product showed weak or no reactivity with polyclo ...	1996	8864206
molecular characterization of the segment 2 gene of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 2: gene sequence and genetic diversity.	the complete nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the major outer capsid protein vp2 from the alberta isolate of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 2 (ehdv-2) was determined. complementary dna (cdna) corresponding to segment 2 was 3002 nucleotides in length with a single open reading frame that encoded a vp2 of 982 amino acids. although the vp2 from ehdv-2 was only 34% homologous to the cognate protein from ehdv-1, their predicted hydropathic profiles were similar, suggesting that ...	1996	8874517
experimental infection of culicoides lahillei (diptera: ceratopogonidae) with epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 2 (orbivirus: reoviridae).	to evaluate the vector competence of culicoides lahillei lutz for epizootic hemorrhagic disease (ehd) viruses, wild-caught females were allowed to feed on 4 viremic white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus zimmermann, experimentally infected with ehd virus serotype 2 (ehdv-2). colonized c. variipennis sonorensis (coquillett) were included as a positive control. virus was not isolated from 13 c. lahillei tested 4-15 d after feeding on deer with viremias of 3.0 or <2.1 log10 tissue culture infect ...	1996	8906914
application of molecular biological techniques for detection of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv-318) recovered from a sentinel calf in central sudan.	epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv), isolate 318 (ehdv-318), an untyped virus recovered from a sentinel calf herd at the khartoum university farm in central sudan, was characterized using molecular biological techniques. with dot blot hybridization technique, a cdna probe derived from genome segment 6 of ehdv-2 (alberta strain) hybridized with rna from ehdv-318. application of serogroup-specific ehdv polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to ehdv-318 rna resulted in specific amplification of a 3 ...	1996	8972046
contamination of genetically engineered chinese hamster ovary cells.	in late 1988, during production of a recombinant protein for phase i clinical trials, a failure of the cell culture production system occurred due to contamination of the cells by an orbivirus [1]. the incident occurred at bioferon gmbh & co, laupheim, germany, a joint venture of biogen, inc., cambridge, ma, and dr. renstschler arzneimittel gmbh & co (bioferon is currently a wholly owned subsidiary of rentschler and is now known as dr. rentschler biotechnologie gmbh). the investigation into, and ...	1996	9119137
identification of a short domain within the non-structural protein ns2 of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus that is important for single strand rna-binding activity.	the role that a conserved amino acid motif, found in the non-structural protein ns2 of orbiviruses, plays in the interaction of this protein with single stranded (ss) rna was investigated by mutation analysis of the ns2 of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus. an ns2 mutant in which this motif (amino acids 75 to 83) was deleted was expressed in spodoptera frugiperda cells by a recombinant baculovirus and found to be unable to bind to poly(u)-sepharose. the deletion mutant also differed from wild ...	1996	8558121
monitoring of culicoides spp. at a site enzootic for hemorrhagic disease in white-tailed deer in georgia, usa.	biting midges of the genus culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) were monitored at a georgia (usa) site where epizootic hemorrhagic disease (ehd) and bluetongue (bt) viruses are enzootic among white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). collections were made using a captive white-tailed deer and light traps from june 1993 through november 1994. we collected 210,482 females from the captive deer during morning and evening periods. predominant species were c. lahillei (73%), c. stellifer (16%), c. ...	1996	9359063
hemorrhagic disease in white-tailed deer in texas: a case for enzootic stability.	although antibodies to viruses in both the epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) and bluetongue virus (btv) sero-groups have been reported from white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in texas (usa), there are few reports of hemorrhagic disease (hd) in these populations. to understand the extent and diversity of exposure to the north american ehdv and btv serotypes in these deer populations, we serologically tested 685 white-tailed deer collected from november 1991 through march 1992 thr ...	1996	9359074
cell-mediated immune response and il-2 production in white-tailed deer experimentally infected with hemorrhagic disease viruses.	hemorrhagic disease, caused by various serotypes of two closely related orbivirus serogroups, the epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses (ehdv) and the bluetongue viruses (btv), is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in white-tailed deer (wtd) in the united states. despite the importance of hemorrhagic disease in wtd, little is known about host defense mechanisms triggered by infection with either causative virus or how that immune response is modulated by challenge with closely related orbi ...	1997	9223232
evaluation of a competitive elisa for detection of antibodies to epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus of deer.		1997	9249172
testicular atrophy in a mule deer population.	monitoring mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) on a former plutonium production site along the columbia river at the hanford site, washington (usa) revealed 27 (23%) of 116 adult males had unusually shaped, velvet-covered antlers and abnormally developed testicles. we captured 32 males to examine age-class differences and the ratio of affected to unaffected deer and determine whether affected testicles were atrophic or hypoplastic. we found testicular atrophy in most deer with velvet-covered antlers ...	1997	9249686
in vitro replication of epizootic hemorrhagic disease and bluetongue viruses in white-tailed deer peripheral blood mononuclear cells and virus-cell association during in vivo infections.	in vitro and in vivo infections were conducted to determine if the epizootic hemorrhagic disease (ehd) and bluetongue (bt) viruses would replicate in peripheral blood mononuclear (pbm) cells of white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). all of the north american ehd and bt viruses (ehd virus serotypes 1 and 2, and bt virus serotypes 2, 10, 11, 13, and 17) replicated in vitro in cultures of white-tailed deer pbm cells. however, this replication appeared to be monocyte-dependent and was not enhan ...	1997	9249704
host defense responses associated with experimental hemorrhagic disease in white-tailed deer.	our objectives were to examine the immunity conferred by epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 2 (ehdv-2) infection in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) and determine if this immunity was protective during challenge with homologous (ehdv-2) or heterologous (bluetongue virus serotype 10; btv-10) virus. trials were conducted in the fall of 1992 and 1993. in the first experiment, naive white-tailed deer were infected intradermally and subcutaneously with ehdv-2 and monitored via phy ...	1997	9249705
serogrouping and topotyping of sudanese and united states strains of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus using pcr.	the potential use of the recently reported polymerase chain reaction (pcr) protocol for detection of united states epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) serotype 1 (ehdv-1) and serotype 2 (ehdv-2) ribonucleic acid in cell culture and clinical specimens was evaluated for detection of sudanese ehdv strains. ehdv serotype 5 (ehdv-5) and ehdv, isolate 318 (untyped) designated (ehdv-318), recovered from sentinel calves at the khartoum university farm (sudan) were studied. rna from ehdv-5 and ehd ...	1997	9280388
interaction of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus with bovine erythrocytes in vitro: electron microscope study.		1997	9280395
ehdv-1, a new australian serotype of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus isolated from sentinel cattle in the northern territory.	in 1992, a virus (dpp2209) isolated from sentinel cattle located at coastal plains research station, latitude 12 degrees 39's, longitude 131 degrees 20'e, approximately 60 km east of darwin, northern territory. this virus was identified as a serotype of epizootic haemorrhagic disease (ehd) of deer virus previously undescribed in australia. an additional 17 isolation of this virus were made from eight animals during the period february to may. electron microscopic studies showed the presence of o ...	1997	9453125
a nested pcr for detection of north american isolates of bluetongue virus based on ns1 genome sequence analysis of btv-17.	a nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assay, for detection of bluetongue virus (btv) ribonucleic acid in cell culture and tissue samples, was developed. two pairs of oligonucleotide primers (btv1 and btv4 and btv2 and btv3), selected from non-structural protein 1 (ns1) gene of btv-17, were used for the nested pcr in two amplification steps. first a 826-bp product was amplified using an outer primer pair btv1 and btv4. the second amplification, using nested or internal primer pair btv2 a ...	1998	9549851
epizootic hemorrhagic disease: analysis of tissues by amplification and in situ hybridization reveals widespread orbivirus infection at low copy numbers.	a recent outbreak of hemorrhagic fever in wild ruminants in the northwest united states was characterized by rapid onset of fever, followed shortly thereafter by hemorrhage and death. as a result, a confirmed 1,000 white-tailed deer and pronghorn antelope died over the course of 3 months. lesions were multisystemic and included severe edema, congestion, acute vascular necrosis, and hemorrhage. animals that died with clinical signs and/or lesions consistent with hemorrhagic fever had antibody to ...	1998	9557671
the complete sequence of four major structural proteins of african horse sickness virus serotype 6: evolutionary relationships within and between the orbiviruses.	the amino acid sequences of four major capsid proteins of african horse sickness virus (serotype 6, ahsv-6) have been determined from analyses of cdna clones representing the l2, l3, m6 and s7 rna segments. the ahsv-6 l3 rna segment has an open reading frame of 2715 base pairs and encodes the inner capsid protein vp3 which comprises 905 amino acids. the vp3 layer forms the subcore of the virion and is surrounded by the vp7 protein which is encoded by the s7 gene. the ahsv-6 s7 gene was found to ...	1998	9617769
serological diagnosis of epizootic hemorrhagic disease in cattle in the usa with lesions suggestive of vesicular disease.		1998	9668521
pcr detection of north american and central african isolates of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) based on genome segment 10 of ehdv serotype 1.	pcr amplification technology for the detection of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) ribonucleic acid in cell culture and clinical specimens was developed. with oligoribonucleotide primers selected from genome segment 10 of ehdv serotype 1 (ehdv-1), which codes for two nonstructural proteins (ns3 and ns3a), the pcr-based assay resulted in a 535-bp pcr product. rnas from north american ehdv-1 prototype, ehdv-2 prototype, and a number of ehdv field isolates, including the central african i ...	1998	9705400
seroprevalence of selected disease agents from free-ranging black bears in florida.	sera obtained from 66 free-ranging florida black bears (ursus americanus floridanus) from three geographic areas of florida (usa) between november 1993 and august 1995 were tested for antibodies to 13 disease agents. antibody prevalences were 3 positive of 37 tested (8%) coxiella burnetti, 37 of 66 (56%) toxoplasma gondii, 3 of 61 (5%) bluetongue virus/epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (btv/ehdv), 4 of 66 (6%) canine adenovirus-type 1, 5 of 66 (8%) canine distemper virus (cdv), 10 of 62 (16%) ...	1998	9706572
new generation of african horse sickness virus vaccines based on structural and molecular studies of the virus particles.	african horse sickness virus (ahsv) is a member of the genus orbivirus, which also includes bluetongue virus (btv) and epizootic haemorrhagic disease (ehdv) virus. these orbiviruses have similar morphological and biochemical properties, with distinctive pathobiological properties and host ranges. sequencing studies of the capsid proteins have revealed evolutionary relationships between these viruses. biochemical studies of the viruses together with the expression of individual proteins and prote ...	1998	9785506
some epidemiological and economic aspects of a bluetongue-like disease in cattle in south africa--1995/96 and 1997.	in december 1995 to march 1996 and the early summer of 1997 south africa experienced above average rainfall which favoured the occurrence of culicoides transmitted diseases. during this period several outbreaks of an uncommon disease of cattle occurred over a large part of the country. the clinical signs were similar to those of infection with the viruses of bluetongue (bt) and epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer (ehd). virus isolation from cattle and culicoides yielded both viruses. dual inf ...	1998	9809318
molecular characterization of double-stranded rna segments encoding the major capsid proteins of a palyam serogroup orbivirus that caused an epizootic of congenital abnormalities in cattle.	cdna cloning of the double-stranded rna genome of chuzan virus, a member of the palyam serogroup orbiviruses, was carried out and the complete nucleotide sequences of rna segments 2, 3, 6 and 7, encoding the major capsid proteins vp2, vp3, vp5 and vp7, respectively, were determined. the individual segments had single open reading frames and short inverted repeats adjacent to the conserved terminal sequences. comparative sequence analysis with other serogroups of the genus orbivirus suggested tha ...	1999	9934703
experimental infection of calves with epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus.	to determine whether experimental inoculation with a field strain of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype-2 (ehdv-2) suspected of causing clinical disease in naturally infected cattle would cause clinical disease in calves.	1999	10328434
antigenic profile of african horse sickness virus serotype 4 vp5 and identification of a neutralizing epitope shared with bluetongue virus and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus.	african horse sickness virus (ahsv) causes a fatal disease in horses. the virus capsid is composed of a double protein layer, the outermost of which is formed by two proteins: vp2 and vp5. vp2 is known to determine the serotype of the virus and to contain the neutralizing epitopes. the biological function of vp5, the other component of the capsid, is unknown. in this report, ahsv vp5, expressed in insect cells alone or together with vp2, was able to induce ahsv-specific neutralizing antibodies. ...	1999	10329555
characterisation of monoclonal antibodies to epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus of deer (ehdv) and bluetongue virus by immunisation of mice with ehdv recombinant vp7 antigen.	immunisation of mice with recombinant vp7 antigen of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus of deer (ehdv) induced serum antibody responses to ehdv. however, from the 19 monoclonal antibodies (mab) produced from these mice, 15 were specific for ehdv and four for bluetongue virus (btv). no mabs were identified with the specificity for an epitope of vp7 shared by both ehdv and btv in spite of the fact that they share a large portion of homology in vp7 amino acids composition. these mabs were divided ...	1999	10333467
serum and serum substitutes: virus safety by inactivation or removal.		1999	10404884
preliminary description of a polymerase chain reaction test for bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease viral rna in bovine semen.		1999	10424659
health evaluation of a pronghorn antelope population in oregon.	during 1996 and 1997, the u.s. fish and wildlife service conducted a study to determine the cause(s) of population decline and low survival of pronghorn antelope (antilocapra americana) fawns on hart mountain national antelope refuge (hmnar) located in southeastern oregon (usa). as part of that study, blood, fecal, and tissue samples from 104 neonatal fawns, 40 adult does, and nine adult male pronghorns were collected to conduct a health evaluation of the population. physiological parameters rel ...	1999	10479084
partial mapping and sequencing of a fish iridovirus genome reveals genes homologous to the frog virus 3 p31, p40 and human eif2alpha.	iridovirus-like pathogens have been recognized as a cause of serious systemic diseases among feral, cultured and ornamental fish in the recent years. mortalities of fish due to systemic iridovirus infection reaching 30-100% were observed in europe, australia, japan and thailand. up to now, the molecular biology of these important pathogens has been poorly documented. to get better insights on the genomic organization of these piscine iridoviruses, we have constructed a cosmid viral dna library f ...	1999	10509716
identification and pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of a variant of the ibaraki virus from naturally infected cattle and aborted fetuses in japan.	one hundred fourteen field isolates of the ibaraki virus (ibav), a member of the epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 2 (ehdv-2), were isolated from blood samples of affected and apparently healthy cattle and culicoides biting midges and from blood samples of dams and internal organs of aborted fetuses during an outbreak of ibaraki disease in the southern part of japan in 1997. in this outbreak, 242 cattle showed typical symptoms of the disease, and several hundred dams had miscarriages ...	1999	10565887
serosurvey for selected disease agents in white-tailed deer from mexico.	serum samples from 350 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus texanus) collected in march 1994 from northeastern mexico were tested for the prevalence of antibody activity against five infectious diseases of ruminants. the prevalence rate was 81% for bluetongue virus (btv) of all serotypes, 72% for epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv), 3% for borrelia burgdorferi, 69% for anaplasma marginale, and 0% for brucella abortus, b. melitensis, and b. ovis. these are diseases that affect domesti ...	1999	10574545
development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibody to epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer virus.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been developed to detect antibodies to epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer virus (ehdv). the assay incorporates a monoclonal antibody to ehdv serotype 2 (ehdv-2) that demonstrates specificity for the viral structural protein, vp7. the assay was evaluated with sequential sera collected from cattle experimentally infected with ehdv serotype 1 (ehdv-1) and ehdv-2, as well as the four serotypes of bluetongue virus (btv), btv-10, btv-11, btv-13, and btv-17, ...	2000	10730943
cloning and expression of the m5 rna segment encoding outer capsid vp5 of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus japan serotype 2, ibaraki virus.	the complete nucleotide sequence of a cdna clone representing the m5 rna segment of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus japan serotype 2 (ehdv-2), ibaraki virus, was determined. the m5 segment is 1641 base pairs long with the single open reading frame which predicts a polypeptide of 527 amino acids. the comparison of the amino acid sequence of the vp5 with those of ehdv-1, bluetongue virus serotype 10, and african horse sickness virus serotype 4 revealed that the protein shared 67%, 57% and 42% ...	2000	10770603
the complete nucleotide sequence of segment l2 of ibaraki virus encoding for the antigen recognized by neutralizing antibodies.	the complete nucleotide sequence of cdna clones representing the l2 dsrna from japan isolate of epizootic hemorrhagic disease serotype 2 (ehdv-2jpn) was determined. the ehdv-2jpn l2 gene is 3002 base pairs long with a single open reading frame of 2949 bp which predicts a polypeptide of 982 amino acid residues. comparison of vp2 sequence between japan and north american isolates of ehdv-2 showed a 72% homology in spite of the same serotype, although those among the north american isolates showed ...	2000	10770607
phylogenetic relationships of bluetongue viruses based on gene s7.	previous phylogenetic analyses based on bluetongue virus (btv) gene segment l3, which encodes the inner core protein, vp3, indicated a geographical distribution of different genotypes. the inner core protein, vp7, of btv has been identified as a viral attachment protein for insect cell infection. because the inner core proteins are involved with infectivity of insect cells, we hypothesized that certain vp7 protein sequences are preferred by the insect vector species present in specific geographi ...	2000	10867193
an epizootic of hemorrhagic disease in white-tailed deer in missouri.	as part of a white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) survival study in missouri (usa) we were actively monitoring 97 radio-collared deer when 8 (8%) died. this mortality, which occurred from 20 august to 23 september 1996, consisted of five adult females, two yearling females and one yearling male. based on the seasonality of this mortality and the isolation of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) serotype 2 from one of these animals, we believe that these losses resulted from an epizoo ...	2000	10941752
validation of a reverse transcriptase multiplex pcr test for the serotype determination of u.s. isolates of bluetongue virus.	bluetongue (bt) is an arthropod-borne viral disease affecting ruminants primarily in tropical and temperate regions of the world. of the 24 serotypes of bt virus (btv) identified worldwide, five have been found in the united states. serotype identification of btv isolates is important to the epidemiology of the virus, but current methods are cumbersome. a single-tube multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (mrt-pcr) assay, previously developed for the serotype determination of ...	2000	10946141
absence of a genetic bottleneck in a wild rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus) population exposed to a severe viral epizootic.	infectious diseases and their demographic consequences are thought to influence the genetic diversity of populations. in europe, during the last 50 years, the european rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus) has suffered two important viral epizootics: myxomatosis and rabbit viral haemorraghic disease (rvhd). although mortality rates were very high, the impact of these diseases on genetic diversity has never been assessed directly. the subject of this paper is a wild rabbit population in france, which ha ...	2000	10972766
the complete nucleotide sequences of l3 and s7 segments of ibaraki virus encoding for the major inner capsid proteins, vp3 and vp7.	the complete nucleotide sequences of the genes encoding two of the major inner capsid proteins of ibaraki virus (ibav), belonging to epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 2 (ehdv-2) were determined. the l3 rna segment is 2768 nucleotides in length which encodes vp3 polypeptides of 899 amino acid residues (m.w. 103 kda). the s7 rna segment, which encodes the vp7 core protein, is 1162 nucleotides in length and encodes 349 amino acids (m.w. 38 kda). these rna segments had the characteristic ...	2001	11217068
incursion of epizootic hemorrhagic disease into the okanagan valley, british columbia in 1999.	in september 1999, unusually high mortality rates in white-tailed deer and california bighorn sheep occurred in the southern okanagan valley. necropsy and histopathologic findings were compatible with epizootic hemorrhagic disease (ehd); the presence of virus was not demonstrated. subsequent serologic and polymerase chain reaction assays on sentinel cattle suggested an ehd virus incursion.	2001	11265190
reduction of infectious epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus associated with in vitro produced bovine embryos by non-specific protease.	infectious viruses bind more tenaciously to the zonae pellucidae of in vitro produced bovine embryos than to zonae of in vivo derived embryos. currently, the international embryo transfer society recommends that all in vivo derived embryos be subjected to a rigorous washing procedure in combination with exposure to trypsin to remove viruses adherent to the zonae. in contrast to in vivo derived embryos, this method is not effective for disinfecting in vitro produced embryos. our hypothesis was th ...	2001	11267800
photosensitive chemical and laser light treatments decrease epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus associated with in vitro produced bovine embryos.	photoinactivation was employed to eliminate ehdv-2 from in vitro produced bovine embryos experimentally exposed to this virus. immature oocytes were matured, fertilized, and cultured in chemically defined conditions. all treatments were performed on zygotes. developmental potential of zygotes and cell numbers of resulting hatched blastocysts were assessed after exposure to a 1 mw helium neon laser (633 nm, red) for 1, 5, 10, and 15 min; the photosensitive chemicals hematoporphyrin (15 microm) an ...	2001	11393216
bluetongue virus diagnosis of clinical cases by a duplex reverse transcription-pcr: a comparison with conventional methods.	a duplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay for the detection of bluetongue virus (btv) in clinical samples was developed. this assay, which detects the highly conserved s10 region of btv, was assessed for sensitivity and application as a rapid and dependable diagnostic tool by comparison with standard assays of virus detection, such as virus isolation in embryonated chicken eggs and cell culture. simultaneous detection of btv and host beta-actin rnas minimizes the po ...	2001	11543886
expression and antigenic characterization of the major core protein vp7 of chuzan virus, a member of the palyam serogroup orbiviruses.	the palyam serogroup-specific antigen, vp7, of chuzan virus strain k-47 was expressed in insect cells by a recombinant baculovirus. the expressed protein appeared as a single band of 38kda corresponding to the predicted molecular mass of chuzan virus vp7 by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). in immunoprecipitation analysis, the recombinant vp7 was not only recognized by all polyclonal antibodies against the palyam serogroup viruses (palv) tested in this study, but also by antiser ...	2001	11600267
verification of bluetongue virus s9 segment nucleotide sequences.	during the course of our bluetongue virus (btv) nucleic acid sequence investigations, conflicts among united states (us) prototype btv s9 genome segment sequences deposited in genbank were noted. in order to rectify these inter-laboratory discrepancies, the s9 segments of arthropod-borne animal diseases research laboratory (abadrl)-stored us prototype btv 2, btv 10, btv 11, btv 13, and btv 17 isolates were resequenced. our s9 sequences, determined by direct sequencing of full-length reverse tran ...	2001	11682128
duration of bluetongue viremia in experimentally infected american bison.	six yearling american bison (bison bison bison) bulls and one yearling ewe (ovis aries) were inoculated intradermally and subcutaneously with 2 x 10(5) plaque forming units (pfu) of bluetongue (bt) virus serotype 11. two uninoculated yearling bison bulls served as negative controls. blood samples were collected for serology and virus isolation on 0, 4, 7, 11 and 14 days post-inoculation (dpi) and every 2 wk thereafter to 127 dpi. every 4 wk a new ewe was inoculated with a pooled sample of whole ...	2001	11763735
[epizootics in france from 1700 to 1850: a clinical inventory of cattle and sheep].		2001	19663072
innate resistance to epizootic hemorrhagic disease in white-tailed deer.	differences in innate disease resistance at the sub-species level have major implications for wildlife management. two subspecies of white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus borealis and o. virginianus texanus were infected with epizootic hemorrhagic disease (ehd) viruses. these viruses are highly virulent pathogens of white-tailed deer and are endemic within the range of o. virginianus texanus but not within the range of o. virginianus borealis. two experimental infections were performed. five ...	2002	12528437
cross-protection between epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotypes 1 and 2 in white-tailed deer.	viruses in the epizootic hemorrhagic disease (ehd) serogroup are the most frequent cause of hemorrhagic disease in the southeastern united states, but nothing is known about cross-protection between the two ehd serotypes (ehdv-1 and ehdv-2) present in this region. we experimentally tested whether deer surviving ehdv-2 infection would be protected against subsequent infection with ehdv-1, and used field data to examine the possibility of reciprocal cross-protection. eleven white-tailed deer fawns ...	2002	12528438
oral and fecal shedding of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, serotype 1 from experimentally infected white-tailed deer.	epizootic hemorrhagic disease (ehd), one of the most important infectious diseases of white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), is vectored by species of midges in the genus culicoides. although vector borne, fecal shedding of ehd virus, serotype 2 has been reported from infected deer in a previous study. to evaluate the potential for fecal and oral shedding, oral and rectal swabs were obtained on day 8 post-inoculation from white-tailed deer fawns experimentally infected with ehd virus, serot ...	2002	11838208
hemorrhagic disease in bighorn sheep in arizona.	two bighorn sheep from arizona (usa) were submitted for necropsy. one was a rocky mountain bighorn (ovis canadensis canadensis) and the other was a desert bighorn (ovis canadensis mexicana). both had lesions consistent with those of hemorrhagic disease (hd). epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) type-2 and bluetongue virus (btv) type-17, respectively, were isolated from the sheep tissues. to our knowledge, hd caused by either ehdv or btv infection has not been documented previously in arizo ...	2002	11838210
hemorrhagic disease in deer in arizona.	two mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and one white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in arizona (usa) were submitted for necropsy. gross and microscopic lesions compatible with hemorrhagic disease (hd) were observed in all three deer. epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus type 2 (ehdv-2) was isolated from two of the deer. to our knowledge, this is the first documentation of hd in deer in arizona. two of the mortalities were attributed to ehdv-2 infection.	2002	11838211
detection and multigenic characterization of a herpesvirus associated with malignant catarrhal fever in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) from missouri.	between 1998 and 2001, tissues from four captive white-tailed deer were observed to have histologic lesions of systemic lymphocytic vasculitis. these lesions suggested malignant catarrhal fever, although epizootic hemorrhagic disease and bluetongue were included in the differential diagnosis. initial diagnostic efforts, including virus isolation and reverse transcription-pcr for epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus and bluetongue virus, failed to identify an etiologic agent. however, consensus pr ...	2002	11923350
dynamics of maternal antibodies to hemorrhagic disease viruses (reoviridae: orbivirus) in white-tailed deer.	enzootic stability, potentially associated with acquired resistance and subsequent transfer of maternal antibodies, innate resistance, or both, has been hypothesized to explain the lack of reports of hemorrhagic disease (hd) in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) from texas. the objectives of this research were to determine the following: how long maternal antibodies to epizootic hemorrhagic disease (ehd) and bluetongue (bt) viruses persist; whether fawns from an enzootic site are natural ...	2002	12038122
analysis of intratypic variation evident in an ibaraki virus strain and its epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serogroup.	a new strain of ibaraki virus (ibav) was isolated from cattle showing atypical symptoms of ibaraki disease. the isolate was genetically characterized, and the genetic diversity and evolution of the capsid proteins of viruses in the epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) serogroup were investigated. the nucleotide sequences of the isolate's viral rna segments 2, 3, 6, and 7, which encode the viral structural proteins vp2, vp3, vp5, and vp7, respectively, were determined and were then compared ...	2002	12354866
differentially expressed midgut transcripts in culicoides sonorensis (diptera: ceratopogonidae) following orbivirus (reoviridae) oral feeding.	understanding the vector insect's gene expression response to a virus infection may aid design of control measures for arbovirus diseases. culicoides sonorensis is a vector of several agriculturally important pathogens, such as epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) that causes disease in ruminants. two approaches, differential display and suppression subtractive hybridization, were used to identify 400+ culicoides transcripts that were more abundant in midguts 1 day following an oral meal ...	2002	12421417
a multiplex pcr for simultaneous detection and differentiation of north american serotypes of bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses.	in the present study, a multiplex rt-pcr-based assay for simultaneous detection and differentiation of north american serotypes of bluetongue (bt) virus (btv) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease (ehd) virus (ehdv) in cell culture and clinical samples was developed. two pairs of primers (b1 and b4) and (e1 and e4) were designed to hybridize to non-structural protein 1 (ns1) genomes of (btv-11) and (ehdv-1), respectively. the multiplex pcr-based assay utilized a single tube-pcr amplification in whic ...	2003	12493489
replication of bluetongue virus and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus in pulmonary artery endothelial cells obtained from cattle, sheep, and deer.	to compare replication of bluetongue virus (btv) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) in pulmonary artery endothelial cells (ecs) obtained from juvenile cattle, sheep, white-tailed deer (wtd; odocoileus virginianus), and black-tailed deer (btd; o hemionus columbianus).	2003	12856770
the s7 gene and vp7 protein are highly conserved among temporally and geographically distinct american isolates of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus.	complete sequences of genome segment 7 (s7) from six isolates of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 1 (ehdv-1) and 37 isolates of serotype 2 (ehdv-2) were determined. these isolates were made between 1978 and 2001 from the southeast, mid-atlantic, midwest and intermountain united states. analysis of the s7 sequence similarities showed 98.1% identity among the ehdv-1 isolates and 91.0% identity among the ehdv-2 isolates. comparison of the deduced amino acid similarities showed an even g ...	2003	12902042
characterization of cell lines developed from field populations of culicoides sonorensis (diptera: ceratopogonidae).	two cell lines, abadrl-cs-w3 (w3) and abadrl-cs-w8a (w8), were developed from a field population of culicoides sonorensis wirth & jones. the cell lines were characterized by isozyme phenotyping and the ability to support the replication of bluetongue virus (blu) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) (orbivirus, reoviridae). comparison of isozymes found in the cell lines with those found in adult c. sonorensis colony insects confirmed that the cell lines were of c. sonorensis origin. the ...	2003	12943114
differences in ibaraki virus rna segment 3 sequences from three epidemics.	phylogenetic tree and partial nucleotide sequence analysis of rna segment 3 were conducted to compare the ibaraki virus (ibav) strains from three epidemics in japan, and serotype 2 epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus strains isolated in australia, taiwan, and canada. each strain was classified relative to the ibaraki disease (ibad) epidemics, which occurred in 1959-1960, 1987, or 1997-1998. in particular, major variation of the gene was identified in the strains isolated after 1997 when a new ty ...	2003	14665759
culicoides mohave (diptera: ceratopogonidae): new occurrence records and potential role in transmission of hemorrhagic disease.	biting midges of the genus culicoides are important in the transmission of viral diseases affecting wild and domestic ungulates, including bluetongue (blu) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease (ehd). the primary known vector for these viruses is c. sonorensis wirth & jones, however, it has been speculated that other species of culicoides may also be involved. one potential candidate is c. mohave, a poorly studied species found in inland desert areas of the southwestern united states. in 2000 and 20 ...	2003	14680129
antigen capture competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using baculovirus-expressed antigens for diagnosis of bluetongue virus and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus.	bluetongue virus (btv) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) are orbiviruses that infect both livestock and wild ruminants. antigenic cross-reactivity between btv and ehdv often results in serologic misdiagnosis. competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (c-elisas) show increased sensitivity and specificity for the identification of these viral diseases; however, the preparation of cell culture-derived viral antigen for these tests is laborious and variable from batch to batch, and ...	2004	14766810
disease survey of free-ranging grey brocket deer (mazama gouazoubira) in the gran chaco, bolivia.	samples from 17 free-ranging hunter-killed grey brocket deer (mazama gouazoubira) in the gran chaco, bolivia, were collected during june-august 1999. all 17 deer appeared to be in good condition at the time of death. gross necropsies were performed, serum was collected for serologic evaluation of selected infectious disease agents, and feces and ectoparasites were collected for evaluation of internal and external parasites. serologic tests were positive for antibodies against bovine respiratory ...	2004	15137493
epizootiology of hemorrhagic disease in mule deer in central arizona.	we report two male mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) mortalities that occurred near prescott, arizona (usa) in september 2001. necropsy lesions were compatible with those described for hemorrhagic disease (hd). bluetongue (btv) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease (ehdv) viral rna were identified in tissues from one deer and ehdv viral rna was identified in the other via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). virus isolation attempts were unsuccessful in both cases. to determine ge ...	2004	15137498
hemorrhagic disease in kansas: enzootic stability meets epizootic disease.	kansas (usa) could represent a transition area between contrasting epidemiologic patterns of hemorrhagic disease (hd) in the midwestern united states. in this study, we compare the distribution of reported clinical hd with serologic data to determine whether the risk of hd in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) is associated with geographic location corresponding to the reported distribution of two white-tailed deer subspecies. on the basis of a high prevalence of antibodies (91-100%) to ...	2004	15362829
epizootiology of an epizootic hemorrhagic disease outbreak in west virginia.	an outbreak of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, serotype 2 (ehdv-2) was responsible for localized white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) mortality in hardy and hampshire counties, west virginia (usa), in the summer and fall of 1993. using available historical data on regional herd immunity, data opportunistically collected during the epizootic, and postepizootic sampling of hunter-harvested deer, we grossly estimate certain epidemiologic parameters and compare findings to a hypothesis ab ...	2004	15465704
outbreak of epizootic haemorrhagic disease on the island of réunion.		2004	15508843
molecular investigations of orbivirus/vector interactions.	defining predictors for insect-transmitted virus (arbovirus) disease cycles requires an understanding of the molecular interactions between the virus and vector insect. studies of orbiviruses from numerous geographic regions have indicated that virus genes are affected by insect population differences. therefore, the authors have initiated genetic studies of culicoides sonorensis, isolating cdnas for characterisation of differential insect gene expression, as well as a gene discovery project. pr ...	2004	20419697
field-deployable real-time polymerase chain reaction detection of bluetongue and epizootic haemorrhagic disease viral ribonucleic acid.	nucleic acid sequence information from molecular evolution studies of bluetongue virus (btv) and related epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) strains has resulted in a large database of genomic information. published sequence data and sequence data from our laboratory were used to design real-time field-deployable reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays for the detection of btv or ehdv viral rna. the assays used standard rna extraction and taqman chemistries and the entire ...	2004	20422593
genetic variation among epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses in the southeastern united states: 1978-2001.	the epizootic hemorrhagic disease (ehd) viruses, which are endemic in the southeastern united states, are the causative agents of an important clinical disease in wild and captive ruminants. in order to elucidate the molecular epidemiology of ehd serotype 2, the sequences of portions of the s10 and l2 gene segments (which encode the ns3 viral egress protein and the vp2 surface protein, respectively) of viral isolates made from white-tailed deer over 23 years(1978-2001) were determined and compar ...	2005	15639748
serologic surveillance for selected viral agents in captive and free-ranging populations of arabian oryx (oryx leucoryx) from saudi arabia and the united arab emirates.	a total of 294 sera collected between 1999 and 2001 from eight captive and one free-ranging herds of arabian oryx (oryx leucoryx) distributed in saudi arabia (sa) and the united arab emirates (uae) were assayed for antibodies against 13 selected viral agents. arabian oryx have been exposed to bluetongue virus (btv), epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv), rinderpest virus (rpv), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine adenovirus 3 (bav-3), cervid herpesvirus-1, foot-and-mouth disea ...	2005	15827212
serogroup-reactive and type-specific detection of bluetongue virus antibodies using chicken scfvs in inhibition elisas.	two bluetongue virus (btv) serotype 10-specific single-chain fv chicken antibody fragments (scfvs) were evaluated in a competitive elisa. the binding of one (f3) to purified btv was only inhibited by antibodies against the homologous serotype. the binding of the other (f10) was blocked by antisera to each of the 24 btv serotypes. f10 recognised vp7, a major structural protein of the btv core, but not if the protein was directly adsorbed to a plastic surface. it did, however, bind to recombinant ...	2005	15946749
a comparison of the susceptibility of culicoides imicola and c. bolitinos to oral infection with eight serotypes of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus.	the mechanisms involved in introduction, maintenance and perpetuation of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) in south africa are not fully understood. this paper reports on the susceptibility of south african livestock associated culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) species to oral infection with eight ehdv serotypes. virus was recovered from eight of 17 field-collected culicoides species 10 days after oral feeding on blood/virus mixtures. six ehdv serotypes were recovered from c. (avar ...	2005	15958026