Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| serum antibodies to porcine circovirus type 1 and type 2 in pigs with and without pmws. | 2000 | 10909911 | |
| retrospective serological survey of antibodies to porcine circovirus type 1 and type 2. | a retrospective serological survey was performed to determine the presence of antibodies to porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in serum samples collected from sows at slaughterhouses in canada in 1985, 1989, and 1997. each serum sample was tested by indirect immunofluorescence on pcv-free pk15 cells, on pcv1-infected pk15 cells and on pcv2-infected pk15 cells. for the 3 years studied, sera positive to pcv1 and pcv2 were identified and the number of sera positiv ... | 2000 | 10935885 |
| open reading frame 2 of porcine circovirus type 2 encodes a major capsid protein. | porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2), a single-stranded dna virus associated with post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome of swine, has two potential open reading frames, orf1 and orf2, greater than 600 nucleotides in length. orf1 is predicted to encode a replication-associated protein (rep) essential for replication of viral dna, while orf2 contains a conserved basic amino acid sequence at the n terminus resembling that of the major structural protein of chicken anaemia virus. thus far, the structur ... | 2000 | 10950986 |
| isolation and characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 from pigs showing signs of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in the netherlands. | pigs with wasting syndrome were examined for macroscopic and histopathological lesions, and for porcine circovirus (pcv). histopathological lesions were comparable to those previously documented for post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in addition, in seven out of ten examined pmws-affected pigs focal-to-slight mononuclear meningitis and focal cerebral mononuclear infiltrates (4 out of 10) were observed. a virus was isolated from organs and sera from pigs showing wasting syndrome. ... | 2000 | 10952449 |
| quantitative, competitive pcr analysis of porcine circovirus dna in serum from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | a competitive pcr (cpcr) assay was developed for monitoring porcine circovirus (pcv) dna in serum samples from piglets. the cpcr was based on competitive coamplification of a 502- or 506-bp region of the pcv type 1 (pcv1) or pcv2 orf2, respectively, with a known concentration of competitor dna, which produced a 761- or 765-bp fragment, respectively. the cpcr was validated by quantification of a known amount of pcv wild-type plasmids. we also used this technique to determine pcv genome copy numbe ... | 2000 | 10970408 |
| pmws and porcine dermatitis nephropathy syndrome in great britain. | 2000 | 10706335 | |
| cloning and sequencing of columbid circovirus (cocv), a new circovirus from pigeons. | the complete nucleotide sequence of columbid circovirus (cocv) isolated from pigeons is described. cocv was amplified using a consensus primer pcr approach directed against conserved sequences within the rep genes of vertebrate circoviruses. the genome of cocv is circular and 2037 nt in size. it displays 55% homology to the genome of psittacine beak and feather disease virus and is more distantly related (< 40% homology) to porcine circovirus type 1 and 2. two major open reading frames were iden ... | 2000 | 11205099 |
| experimental infection of colostrum deprived piglets with porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) potentiates pcv2 replication. | experimental infection of colostrum-deprived (cd) pigs with a combined inoculum of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) potentiated the replication and distribution of pcv2 virus, when compared with pigs inoculated with pcv2 alone. the replication and distribution of prrsv in dually infected pigs was not enhanced, when compared to pigs inoculated with prrsv alone. the mechanisms involved in the potentiation of pcv2 replication in pcv2/prrsv ... | 2000 | 11205128 |
| immunostimulation, pcv-2 and pmws. | 2000 | 10975340 | |
| the sensitivities of various erythrocytes in a haemagglutination assay for the detection of psittacine beak and feather disease virus. | the erythrocytes of various species were tested in psittacine beak and feather disease (pbfd) virus haemagglutination (ha) and haemagglutination inhibition assays to determine which are suitable for use in these assays. ha activity was observed for erythrocytes of the salmon-crested cockatoo, the sulphur-crested cockatoo, the umbrella cockatoo, the goffin's cockatoo and the cockatiel, with differences amongst individuals within species, but not for erythrocytes of humans, the pig, the guinea pig ... | 2000 | 11014065 |
| increase in pdns diagnoses in the netherlands. | 2000 | 11037736 | |
| xenotransplantation and the potential risk of xenogeneic transmission of porcine viruses. | the clinical success of allotransplantation and the shortage of donor organs have led to a proposal for the use of animal organs as alternative therapeutic materials for humans. in that regard, swine are preferable to non-human primates as a source of donor organs. while applications for clinical trials for xenotransplantation have not yet been received in canada, several trials have already been authorized in the united states. a major concern, however, is the potential for xenogeneic transmiss ... | 2000 | 11041495 |
| experimental transmission of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in weaned pigs: a sequential study. | weaned specific pathogen-free pigs were inoculated intranasally with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and killed in groups of two or three animals at 6, 13, 20, 27 and 34 days post-inoculation (dpi), together with appropriate uninfected controls, for examination by histopathological, immunohistochemical (immunogold silver staining; igss), polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and viral isolation techniques. serum samples were also collected for detection of antibodies. no major clinical signs were obs ... | 2000 | 11041995 |
| distribution of porcine parvovirus in porcine circovirus 2-infected pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome as shown by in-situ hybridization. | in-situ hybridization with a nonradioactive digoxigenin-labelled probe was used to study the distribution of porcine parvovirus (ppv) in formalin-fixed paraffin wax-embedded tissues from 10 porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2)-infected weaned pigs with naturally occurring postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). a 226 base pair dna fragment from a vp2 structural gene was generated by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and used as a probe. lymph node, spleen, thymus and tonsil were positive by pcr, ... | 2000 | 11042001 |
| fecal excretion of a novel human circovirus, tt virus, in healthy children. | the role of tt virus (ttv) as a human pathogen is unclear, as is the mode of ttv transmission. to determine the prevalence of ttv infection and the possible fecal-oral route of transmission, we analyzed fecal specimens from 67 healthy, nontransfused children for ttv dna sequences by heminested pcr, using the ng and t primer sets. the overall prevalence of ttv fecal excretion was 22.4% (15 of 67), with the t primer set (19.4%) being more sensitive than the ng primer set (10.4%). ttv prevalence ba ... | 2000 | 11063506 |
| seroprevalence of porcine circovirus types 1 and 2 in the belgian pig population. | 2000 | 11087137 | |
| pcr detection and evidence of shedding of porcine circovirus type 2 in boar semen. | an experimental study was conducted to evaluate the potential presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in the semen of infected boars. four mature boars were inoculated intranasally with pcv2 isolate lhva-v53 propagated on pk15 cells. two boars inoculated with the supernatant of noninfected pk15 cells were kept as controls. serum samples were collected from all boars at 4, 7, 11, 13, 18, 21, 25, 28, 35, and 55 days postinoculation (dpi) and from the four pcv2-infected boars at 90 dpi. sample ... | 2000 | 11101608 |
| retrospective study of porcine circovirus 2 infection in japan: seven cases in 1989. | retrospectively, we demonstrated that seven pigs necropsied in 1989 had characteristic porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2) lymphoid tissue lesions of severe lymphoid depletion, syncytial giant cell formation, and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in macrophages. immunohistochemically, pcv-2 antigen was detected in these tissues and the distribution of positive staining corresponded to the distribution of inclusion bodies. electron microscopy demonstrated viral particles compatible with porcine pcv-2. t ... | 2000 | 11105959 |
| hepatitis and staging of hepatic damage in pigs naturally infected with porcine circovirus type 2. | a total of 100 liver samples from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) were studied. all livers were evaluated microscopically and were staged based on the severity and localization of lesions. presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) was evaluated using an in situ hybridization technique. eighty-eight of 100 livers (88%) had a variable degree of lymphohistiocytic hepatitis, with apoptotic bodies, disorganization of hepatic plates, and/or perilobular fibrosis. twelve ... | 2000 | 11105965 |
| utilization of a rate enhancement hybridization buffer system for rapid in situ hybridization for the detection of porcine circovirus in cell culture and in tissues of pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | a rapid in situ hybridization (ish) technique for the detection of porcine circovirus (pcv) nucleic acid in cell culture and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues was developed. a fluorescein-labeled rna probe was transcribed from a plasmid containing 530 bp of the orf1 of a pcv isolated from a pig with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). hybridization using standard hybridization buffer was performed at 42 c for 16 hours and was compared to hybridization using rate enhancement ... | 2000 | 11108458 |
| analysis of seroconversion to porcine circovirus 2 among veterinarians from the united states and canada. | 2000 | 11110452 | |
| porcine circovirus induces b lymphocyte depletion in pigs with wasting disease syndrome. | to disclose the mechanism of cellular injury following porcine circovirus (pcv) infection, 12 pigs were examined by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dutp-nick end labeling (tunel) method and immunohistochemistry. histologically, the lymphoid tissues were characterized by marked apoptosis of lymphocytes, lymphocyte depletion, and macrophages and giant cells containing numerous inclusion bodies with or without apoptotic bodies. immunohistochemically, there were many lysozyme-posi ... | 2000 | 11129853 |
| circoviruses: immunosuppressive threats to avian species: a review. | circoviruses are small, non-enveloped, icosahedral viruses that are unique among animal viruses in having circular, single-stranded dna genomes. their genomes are also the smallest possessed by animal viruses. the circovirus family currently comprises three members, chicken anaemia virus, porcine circovirus, and psittacine beak and feather disease virus, with pigeon circovirus being classified as a tentative member. infections with each of the four circoviruses are associated with potentially fa ... | 2000 | 19184829 |
| pigeon circovirus infection: pathological observations and suggested pathogenesis. | pigeon circovirus infection (picv) was diagnosed by light and transmission electron microscopy in 15 birds from five lofts in western france. histopathological findings were suggestive of primary bursotropism of pigeon circovirus, followed by secondary systemic spread from the bursa of fabricius, particularly to non-bursal lymphoid organs. the last stage of the disease was associated with various secondary (particularly bacterial) infections. in situ detection of apoptosis in the bursa of fabric ... | 2001 | 19184889 |
| nucleotide sequence-based identification of a novel circovirus of canaries. | circovirus-like, spherical particles measuring 16 to 18 nm in diameter were detected in organ homogenates from adult canaries that had died after a short illness characterized by dullness, anorexia, lethargy and feather disorder. a polymerase chain reaction method, based on degenerate primers specific to conserved amino acid sequences in the circovirus replication-associated protein, was used to amplify dna specific to a novel circovirus, tentatively named canary circovirus (ccv). sequence analy ... | 2001 | 19184917 |
| a diagnostic study on columbid circovirus infection. | a systematic study was performed to examine the frequency of columbid circovirus (cocv) infection in diseased young pigeons submitted for necropsy and its relevance to pigeon health. existing diagnostic methods were compared. among 176 diseased young pigeons examined, cocv infection was detected in 83 cases using negative contrast electron microscopy. histopathological examination allowed a clear diagnosis in only 42 pigeons. therefore, a polymerase chain reaction assay and an in situ hybridizat ... | 2001 | 19184954 |
| igm-class antibodies to tt virus (ttv) in patients with acute ttv infection. | tt virus (ttv) is a human circovirus with a single-stranded, circular dna genome of 3.8 kb. a method was developed to detect igm antibodies to ttv as a serological marker for the diagnosis of acute ttv infection. igm antibodies in test sera were captured by a monoclonal antibody against igm/µ on a solid support followed by binding of igm with ttv derived from fecal extract of a ttv carrier. the presence of igm-specific ttv particles was determined by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using nucleic ... | 2001 | 11137475 |
| genetic analysis of full-length genomes and subgenomic sequences of tt virus-like mini virus human isolates. | the phylogenetic relationship between the complete genomic sequences of ten japanese and one french isolate of tt virus-like mini virus (tlmv) was investigated. analysis of the variability of the nucleotide sequences and the detection of signature patterns for overlapping genes suggested that orfs 1 and 2 are probably functional. however, this was not the case for a putative third orf, orf3. throughout the viral genome, several nucleotide or amino acid motifs that are conserved in circoviruses s ... | 2001 | 11161277 |
| bacterial expression of an immunologically reactive pcv2 orf2 fusion protein. | the entire coding region of open reading frame 2 (orf2) of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) was linked to the 3'-end of the maltose-binding protein (mbp)-his(8)-tag gene. the fusion protein was expressed as soluble form after induction by isopropylthio-beta-d-galactoside. mbp-his(8)-orf2 was purified to homogeneity by immobilized metal affinity chromatography based on the interaction of the polyhistidine-tag with metal ions. expression could represent 1% of the total protein in escherichia coli, allo ... | 2001 | 11162395 |
| genetic diversity of beak and feather disease virus detected in psittacine species in australia. | the complete nucleotide (nt) sequence of eight isolates of beak and feather disease virus (bfdv) obtained from a range of psittacine species with psittacine beak and feather disease (pbfd) from throughout australia were compared with the sequences of two bfdv isolates previously reported from australia (bfdv-aus) and america (bfdv-usa), respectively. all isolates had the same basic structure including the position of the open reading frames, the hairpin structure between orf1 and orf2, the nonan ... | 2001 | 11162795 |
| replication of porcine circovirus type 1 requires two proteins encoded by the viral rep gene. | the rep gene of porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) is indispensable for replication of viral dna. truncation or introduction of point mutations into four conserved sequence motifs led to inactivation of rep as replication initiator. transcription of rep starts at nucleotide 767 +/- 10 bp. an intron (nucleotides 1176 to 1558) is removed by splicing. this leads to synthesis of a truncated protein, which was termed rep' (19.2 kda). because of a frameshift, the last 48 amino acids of rep' deviate from ... | 2001 | 11162799 |
| activation of the immune system is the pivotal event in the production of wasting disease in pigs infected with porcine circovirus-2 (pcv-2). | porcine circovirus (pcv)-2, a newly described single-stranded circular dna virus pathogen of swine is the cause of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). in gnotobiotic piglets, pcv-2 infection alone produces asymptomatic infection without evidence of overt pmws. gnotobiotic piglets infected with pcv-2 were injected with keyhole limpet hemocyanin in incomplete freund's adjuvant (klh/icfa), and the effects on virus production and development of pmws were determined. in the first exper ... | 2001 | 11199162 |
| viral replication and lesions in balb/c mice experimentally inoculated with porcine circovirus isolated from a pig with postweaning multisystemic wasting disease. | eight-week-old balb/c mice were either sham inoculated (control mice) or were inoculated intraperitoneally (ip) and intranasally (in) with a single (spcv mice) or multiple (mpcv mice) doses of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2). four control mice and 4 spcv mice were sacrificed 7, 14, 28, and 42 days postinoculation (pi). all 4 mpcv mice were sacrificed 42 days pi. in addition, 7-day and 14-day pregnant balb/c mice were either sham inoculated (control mice) or were inoculated ip and in with a single do ... | 2001 | 11199167 |
| porcine circovirus 2 infection in swine foetuses inoculated at different stages of gestation. | the ability of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) to replicate and cause pathologic abnormalities in foetuses at selected time points of gestation was examined in this study. two foetuses were inoculated in utero in each of two sows at 57, 75 and 92 days of gestation, respectively, with pcv2 (1121). the remaining foetuses were left uninoculated to assess whether intra-uterine spread occurred. twenty-one days after inoculation, the foetuses were collected and examined for gross lesions and for virus and ... | 2001 | 11557157 |
| optimized protocols for the detection of porcine circovirus 2 dna from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues using nested polymerase chain reaction and comparison of nested pcr with in situ hybridization. | optimized dna extraction method and nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were developed for the detection of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. conventional pcr, nested pcr, and in situ hybridization methods were also compared for the detection of pcv2 in archival tissues. a method based on xylene deparaffinization followed by proteinase k digestion yielded dna of sufficient quality for pcr analyses reliably and consistently. twenty-six (70%) of the 37 ... | 2001 | 11226557 |
| double in situ hybridization for simultaneous detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus (pcv). | a double in situ hybridization method for the simultaneous detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus (pcv) genomes in the same tissue section was applied to lung tissues from 9 pigs in which prrsv and pcv coinfection had been previously demonstrated. paraffin-embedded tissue sections were simultaneously hybridized with a digoxigenin-labeled antisense rna probe for prrsv and a fluorescein-labeled antisense rna probe for pcv, and hybridization ... | 2001 | 11243366 |
| dual infection with pcv-2 and porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus in neonatal piglets. | 2001 | 11334076 | |
| granulomatous enteritis and lymphadenitis in iberian pigs naturally infected with lawsonia intracellularis. | intestinal samples and/or lymph nodes of two iberian pigs from two different farms were submitted for histopathologic examination. both pigs had proliferation of ileal and/or cecal crypts with almost complete absence of goblet cells. infection by lawsonia intracellularis was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction assay. the mesenteric lymph node of one pig had moderate lymphocyte depletion with granulomatous inflammation of the lymph node parenchyma. histiocytes and m ... | 2001 | 11355669 |
| tt virus in hematological disorders and bone marrow transplant recipients. | tt virus (ttv) was cloned as a possible causative agent for non a to c posttransfusion hepatitis. determination of the entire sequence of the virus revealed that the virus is the first human circovirus. the nucleotide sequence of ttv has a wide range of diversity and at least sixteen genotypes have been discovered to date. the prevalence of ttv infection in the normal population differs among countries, but exceeds 10% in several countries. most of ttv infections are not associated with hepatiti ... | 2001 | 11426521 |
| transplacental infection with pcv-2 associated with reproductive failure in a gilt. | 2001 | 11442241 | |
| production, characterisation and applications of monoclonal antibodies to porcine circovirus 2. | the production, preliminary characterisation and applications of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against six porcine circovirus 2 isolates are described. a total of 14 stable hybridomas were produced, of which 7 were characterised. all of the mabs characterised were of igg isotype. all the mabs tested reacted by iif with acetone-fixed cell cultures infected with pcv2 isolates from canada, france, spain, denmark, usa and uk. no cross-reactivity with a porcine circovirus 1 field isolate was demonstra ... | 2001 | 11448029 |
| pcv-2 from emaciated pigs in mexico. | 2001 | 11465277 | |
| association of porcine circovirus 2 with reproductive failure in pigs: a retrospective study, 1995-1998. | in order to determine if vertically transmitted porcine circovirus (pcv) has played a role in reproductive failure in pigs in areas of endemic infection, archival fixed tissues were examined by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and immunohistochemistry. tissues tested were from routine cases of abortion or reproductive failure submitted between 1995 and 1998 to the diagnostic laboratory at the western college of veterinary medicine, saskatoon. they originated from 29 high-health herds in the provi ... | 2001 | 11467183 |
| multiple porcine circovirus 2-associated abortions and reproductive failure in a multisite swine production unit. | porcine circovirus type 2 was detected in several stillborn and nonviable neonatal piglets presenting with chronic passive congestion, cardiac hypertrophy, and severe diffuse myocarditis. the presence of the virus in the heart and other tissues of affected piglets was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and virus isolation techniques. other reproductive losses and associated infectious agents in the herd are discussed. | 2001 | 11467184 |
| colocalization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus 2 in porcine dermatitis and nephrology syndrome by double-labeling technique. | simultaneous detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) was achieved by a double-labeling technique using a combination of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in five pigs with naturally occurring porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns). both prrsv and pcv2 were isolated from a homogenate of pooled skin and kidney from three pigs. prrsv rna was demonstrated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (pcr) ... | 2001 | 11467478 |
| rep and rep' protein of porcine circovirus type 1 bind to the origin of replication in vitro. | genome replication of porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) relies upon expression of the full-length protein rep and a spliced isoform (rep'), and the presence of a 111-bp genomic fragment comprising the origin of replication. using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (emsa), the capability of both rep proteins to bind to partial fragments of the origin of replication of pcv1 was investigated in vitro. both proteins formed complexes with double-stranded dna origin fragments containing a stem-loo ... | 2001 | 11878884 |
| avian skin diseases. | avian dermatology is an important part of avian practice. feather plucking, or self-mutilation, is one of the most common and challenging syndromes seen in avian practices, yet our understanding of it has developed piecemeal. psittacine circovirus, which causes psittacine beak and feather disease, can devastate breeding programs and cause masked distress to new bird owners and their young birds. cutaneous neoplasms are increasing in incidence as veterinarians are seeing more older bird patients. | 2001 | 11480362 |
| postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome induced after experimental inoculation of cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived piglets with type 2 porcine circovirus. | cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs (n = 23) were inoculated intranasally and subcutaneously with a low cell culture passage of type 2 porcine circovirus. in 11 pigs, a persistent fever that lasted 7-17 days began 12-15 days after inoculation with virus. additional signs of disease in those 11 pigs included depression (11 of 11 pigs), palpable enlargement of inguinal, prefemoral, and popliteal lymph nodes (11 of 11), icterus (6 of 11), and hyperpnea (2 of 11). the remaining 12 pigs had fev ... | 2001 | 11482594 |
| genome sequence determinations and analyses of novel circoviruses from goose and pigeon. | the genomes of novel circoviruses from goose and pigeon, which were isolated using degenerate primer and inverse primer pcr methods, were cloned and sequenced. comparative nucleotide (nt) sequence analyses showed that the goose circovirus (gcv) and pigeon circovirus (picv) possessed genomes which were 1821 and 2037 or 2036 nt, respectively, and which had features in common with the genomes of porcine circoviruses types 1 and 2 (pcv1, pcv2) and psittacine beak and feather disease virus (bfdv), su ... | 2001 | 11485403 |
| changes in peripheral blood leukocyte populations in pigs with natural postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). | the objective of the present study was to analyze, by flow cytometry, changes in pbmc subsets in pigs having postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), a new condition associated to porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection. thirteen acutely pmws affected pigs were selected from a farm seronegative to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and to aujeszky's disease virus (adv); 11 clinically healthy pigs were selected from a high health farm with no history of pmws ... | 2001 | 11498245 |
| identification of an immunorelevant orf2 epitope from porcine circovirus type 2 as a serological marker for experimental and natural infection. | post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is a recently identified disease of pigs linked to the emergence of a new porcine circovirus (pcv2). we report here the characterization of immunorelevant linear b-cell epitopes of the open reading frame 2-encoded protein (orf2) from pcv2 by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using experimental antisera collected from pigs inoculated with a pcv2 isolate. two epitopes spanning residues 69 to 83 and 117 to 131 were specific to pcv2. anti ... | 2001 | 11504425 |
| simultaneous detection of porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine parvovirus in pigs with pmws by multiplex pcr. | 2001 | 11570792 | |
| experimental reproduction of severe disease in cd/cd pigs concurrently infected with type 2 porcine circovirus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | three-week-old cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived (cd/cd) pigs were inoculated with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2, n = 19), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv, n = 13), concurrent pcv2 and prrsv (pcv2/prrsv, n = 17), or a sham inoculum (n = 12) to compare the independent and combined effects of these agents. necropsies were performed at 7, 10, 14, 21, 35, and 49 days postinoculation (dpi) or when pigs became moribund. by 10 dpi, pcv2/prrsv-inoculated pigs had severe dy ... | 2001 | 11572560 |
| detection of a circovirus-like agent from farmed pheasants in italy. | 2001 | 11583137 | |
| clinical and pathological observations on pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | the aim of this work was to characterise the lesions and agents present in clinically normal and clinically affected pigs on a farm during an outbreak of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), and to evaluate the diagnostic techniques for detecting porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) and other microorganisms. four pigs in the early stage and 11 pigs in the late stage of the disease, and eight clinically normal pigs were necropsied. samples of lymphoid tissue and serum were also obtaine ... | 2001 | 11594382 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of a novel circovirus of canaries and its relationship to other members of the genus circovirus of the family circoviridae. | the circular, single-stranded dna genome of a novel circovirus of canaries, tentatively named canary circovirus (cacv), was cloned and sequenced. sequence analysis indicated that the genome was 1952 nucleotides (nt) in size and had the potential to encode three viral proteins, including the putative capsid and replication-associated (rep) proteins. the cacv genome shared greatest sequence similarity (58.3% nt identity) with the newly characterized columbid circovirus (cocv) and was more distantl ... | 2001 | 11602793 |
| immunohistochemical characterisation of the lymph node reaction in pig post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). | the superficial inguinal lymph nodes of 10 piglets which had died spontaneously of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), in which the porcine circovirus type ii (pcv-ii) genome was revealed by pcr, were submitted to immunohistochemical investigation for cd4, cd8, igm, mac387, s-100 protein, vimentin and f-viii-ra and compared with three normal cases. the lymph node reaction was graded as initial, intermediate and end stage according to histological criteria. in the initial and inte ... | 2001 | 11604161 |
| differentiation of porcine circovirus 1 and 2 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-wax-embedded tissues from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome by in-situ hybridisation. | non-radioactive digoxigenin (dig)-labelled probes that can differentiate porcine circovirus (pcv) 1 from pcv2 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-wax-embedded tissues by in-situ hybridisation were developed. a 349 base pair (bp) dna fragment from open reading frame (orf) 1 of pcv1 and a 481 bp dna fragment from orf2 of pcv2 generated by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were used as pcv1 and pcv2 probes, respectively. a specific dig-labelled pcv1 dna probe did not hybridise with pcv2-infected pk-15 cells ... | 2001 | 11676625 |
| detection of circovirus infection in pigeons by in situ hybridization using cloned dna probes. | degenerate primers were designed based on known sequence information for the circoviruses psittacine beak and feather disease virus and porcine circovirus and applied by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to known virus-infected bursa of fabricius (bf) from a pigeon. a 548-bp dna fragment was amplified and shown to be specific to a novel circovirus, named pigeon circovirus (picv), and was used to produce sensitive and specific probes for detection of circovirus dna by in situ hybridization (ish). u ... | 2001 | 11724137 |
| differentiation of porcine circovirus (pcv)-1 and pcv-2 in boar semen using a multiplex nested polymerase chain reaction. | a multiplex nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed for the detection of and differentiation between porcine circovirus (pcv)-1 and pcv-2 in boar semen. eighteen (30%) and 30 (50%) out of 60 whole semen samples were found to be positive for pcv using multiplex conventional pcr and multiplex nested pcr, respectively. of the 30 positive samples obtained using multiplex nested pcr, two were found to be positive for pcv-1 only, eight for pcv-2 only, and 20 for pcv-1 and pcv-2. when the ... | 2001 | 11543881 |
| tissue distribution and genetic typing of porcine circoviruses in pigs with naturally occurring congenital tremors. | congenital tremors (ct) type a2 is associated with porcine circovirus (pcv) and deficient and abnormal myelin. the aim of this study was to determine the tissue distribution and genetic type of pcv in 1-2-day-old pigs with naturally occurring ct type a2 using in situ hybridization, polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and indirect fluorescent antibody tests on frozen tissue sections. ct-affected and clinically normal pigs were selected from 4 farms in the midwestern usa that were undergoing outbreak ... | 2001 | 11243364 |
| animal circoviruses. | 2001 | 11680382 | |
| isolation and characterization of porcine circovirus 2 from cases of sow abortion and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome. | we report the isolation and characterisation of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) from cases of sow abortion and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome. the results suggest that the clinical scope of pcv2 infections requires continuous re-evaluation. | 2001 | 11402869 |
| [three cases of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) due to porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv 2) in switzerland]. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv 2) was found in three five- and nine-week-old pigs from two feeder pig producer farms. clinical signs were persistent diarrhea and wasting. the animals showed histomorphologic changes characteristic for "postweaning multisystemic syndrome" (pmws). one animal had the typical basophilic intracytoplasmatic circoviral inclusion bodies in the peyer's patches of the ileum. circoviral dna was detected in the lymphatic organs as well as in the liver. this case report is th ... | 2001 | 11407249 |
| nuclear localization of the orf2 protein encoded by porcine circovirus type 2. | infectious porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) was generated following transfection of a porcine retina cell line (vido r1) with cloned circovirus dna. expression of open reading frame 2 (orf2) was detected at 24 h postinfection and onwards increasingly throughout the infection by western blot analysis using orf2 specific polyclonal antibody. moreover, the orf2 protein was also detected in purified pcv2 virus, indicating that orf2 is a structural component of pcv2 viral capsid. nuclear localization ... | 2001 | 11414809 |
| lack of antibodies to porcine circovirus type 2 virus in beef and dairy cattle and horses in western canada. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is a recently recognized agent that is consistently associated with postweaning multisystemic wasting disease in swine. there are conflicting data concerning the ability of this virus to infect and cause disease in other species. to determine if normal cattle, cattle affected with various illnesses, and normal horses in endemic areas of pcv2 infection in swine have had pcv2 infections, 100 randomly selected bovine sera, 100 equine sera, and 100 colostrum samples ... | 2001 | 11424578 |
| prevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine circovirus type 2 and porcine parvovirus from aborted fetuses and pigs with respiratory problems in korea. | porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(prrsv)0, porcine circovirus type 2(pcv-2) and porcine parvovirus (ppv)0 infections were investigated as possible causes of the postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome(pmws). specific primers for rt-pcr and pcr were designed for the differential detection of prrsv, pcv-2 and ppv. using pcr, these viruses were detected in homogenized tissue samples from pigs that had respiratory of reproductive problems in the time period between 1998 and 2000 ... | 2001 | 12441689 |
| an experimental model for post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in growing piglets. | post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is a comparatively new disease of swine, and known to occur in france since 1996. a porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is found in the lesions of affected piglets. six piglets aged 10-13 weeks were obtained from a french pmws-affected farm. two showing characteristic signs of pmws (palor, weakness and emaciation) remained in poor condition and were finally killed 6 and 9 days after their arrival in the experimental unit. tissue homogenates from th ... | 2001 | 11798246 |
| the effects of immuno-modulation on the clinical and pathological expression of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), primarily caused by porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2), is an economically important disease of pigs in many countries. a trial was designed to investigate the hypothesis that non-specific immuno-modulation can influence the clinical and pathological expression of pmws in pigs naturally infected with pcv-2. eighty-four pigs on a commercial pig farm were allocated to three groups of 28 pigs each, during an outbreak of pmws. the pigs in the first ... | 2002 | 11814320 |
| postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome of pigs in korea: prevalence, microscopic lesions and coexisting microorganisms. | a retrospective study was performed on natural cases of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), recorded from january 1999 to december 2000, to determine the prevalence, microscopic lesions, and other coexisting pathogens associated with pmws. pmws is diagnosed based on three criteria: the presence of clinical signs (retardation of growth), characteristic microscopic lesions (granulomatous inflammation and inclusion body), and the presence of porcine circovirus (pcv)-2 within these le ... | 2002 | 11853147 |
| molecular epidemiology of ttv-like mini virus in norway. | tt virus (ttv), the first human circovirus to be discovered, appears to be present in most people; less is known about the prevalence of the related ttv-like mini virus (tlmv). a sensitive nested pcr, specific for tlmv, detected the virus in 48% of 201 sera (norwegian blood donors) previously found to have a 90% prevalence of ttv. more samples were either positive for both or negative for both viruses than what would have been expected from a random distribution (p = 0.08). sequence analysis rev ... | 2002 | 11855630 |
| kinetics of porcine circovirus type 2 replication. | the kinetics of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) replication in pk15 cells was examined. during productive infection, viral antigens, rna transcripts and progeny viruses all increased in a time dependent manner. viral antigens were observed in a few cells at 18 hour postinfection (h p.i.) and cell-free progeny viruses began to appear at about 30 h p.i. viral transcripts were detected by 18 h p.i. and the capsid protein rna of 950 nucleotides (nt) was the most abundant rna species. two other rnas ... | 2002 | 11855635 |
| infectious agents identified in pigs with multifocal interstitial nephritis at slaughter. | one kidney was taken from each of 100 pigs at slaughter; 50 had gross lesions of multifocal interstitial nephritis and 50 had no gross lesions. forty-nine of the affected kidneys had lesions that were characterised by the presence of either a few randomly distributed or numerous widely disseminated pale foci, 1 to 3 mm in diameter, on the cortical surface (white-dotted kidneys). microscopically, these focal inflammatory lesions often had a distinct lymphofollicular pattern (follicular nephritis) ... | 2002 | 11871667 |
| changes in cd4(+), cd8(+), cd4(+) cd8(+), and immunoglobulin m-positive peripheral blood mononuclear cells of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome-affected pigs and age-matched uninfected wasted and healthy pigs correlate with lesions and porcine circovirus type 2 load in lymphoid tissues. | forty-one 8- to 12-week-old wasted pigs were selected from several conventional farms with histories of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and classified into two groups according to their porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection status, as determined by in situ hybridization (ish). twenty-four pigs tested positive for pcv2 (pcv2-positive group), while 17 pigs tested negative for pcv2 (pcv2-negative group). in addition, eight uninfected healthy pigs from an experimental farm wer ... | 2002 | 11874858 |
| experimental inoculation of conventional pigs with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus 2. | postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is a disease of nursery and fattening pigs characterized by growth retardation, paleness of the skin, dyspnea, and increased mortality rates. porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) has been demonstrated to be the cause of pmws. however, other factors are needed for full development of the syndrome, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) infection has been suggested to be one of them. twenty-four conventional 5-week-old pigs were dis ... | 2002 | 11884547 |
| pmws in argentina. | 2002 | 11913593 | |
| case-control study on the association of porcine circovirus type 2 and other swine viral pathogens with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | a field-based case-control study was conducted to assess the strength of association of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and some major swine viruses with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). cases were defined as individual pigs with a clinical history of progressive weight loss and histopathological lesions characteristic of pmws. controls were pigs without clinical signs and histopathological lesions typical of pmws. a total of 31 cases and 56 controls was identified from diagno ... | 2002 | 12423025 |
| reproduction of pmws with a 1993 swedish isolate of pcv-2. | 2002 | 11916032 | |
| evaluation of a porcine circovirus type 2-specific antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs: comparison with virus isolation, immunohistochemistry, and the polymerase chain reaction. | quantitative virus isolation, immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay, and a porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2)-specific antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) were used for differentiation between clinical and subclinical pcv2 infections of swine. tissue samples from pigs experimentally infected with pcv2 and field cases of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome and pcv2-associated reproductive disorders were used in this evaluation. in initial studies on 6 p ... | 2002 | 11939330 |
| exudative epidermitis and porcine circovirus-2 infection in a swedish spf-herd. | an outbreak of exudative epidermitis (ee) among piglets in a swedish spf-herd initiated a survey for indications as to the cause of disease. the herd was established by caesarean section and has been closed to all new animal material, with the exception of semen for artificial insemination (ai). the study comprised serum samples from the spf-herd over a 10-year period (n=109) and a close monitoring of animals in the herd during the period after the ee outbreak. serum samples from conventional bo ... | 2002 | 11955778 |
| detection of porcine circovirus types 1 and 2 in serum and tissue samples of pigs with and without postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | presence of porcine circovirus type 1 (pcv1) and pcv2 was studied in sera and superficial inguinal lymph nodes from postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws)-affected and non-pmws-affected pigs by using in situ hybridization and pcr. pcv1 and pcv2 were found in less than 3% and more than 50% of the samples, respectively. the most sensitive technique and site was pcr in superficial inguinal lymph nodes, but in situ hybridization correlated better with presence of characteristic lesions. | 2002 | 11980975 |
| [a new planarian extrachromosomal virus-like element revealed by subtraction hybridization]. | a combination of suppression subtraction hybridization (ssh) and a new technique of mirror orientation selection (mos) was used to compare the total dna for two, sexual (sr) and asexual (ar), races of freshwater planarian giradia tigrina. several race-specific dna fragments were found. a new element termed planarian extrachromosomal virus-like element (peve) was revealed in ar. the peve genome contains two unique regions, ul and us, which are flanked by inverted repeats. two variants observed fo ... | 2002 | 12500537 |
| [group groot dagen 2001: diverse and useful]. | 2002 | 11795033 | |
| porcine circovirus and postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome--possible new links. | 2002 | 12505388 | |
| adjuvant danger signals increase the immune response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. | the immune response of swine to vaccination with a live, attenuated prrsv was assessed in the presence and absence of cytokine adjuvants or cholera toxin (ct) to address the hypothesis that adjuvant danger signals, that is, inflammatory cytokines and bacterial extoxin, stimulate a more robust immune response. animals received four injections of recombinant porcine il-1 and il-6, il-12 alone, or ct alone within 1 week of intramuscular administration of a vaccine strain of prrsv, ingelvac mlv. ser ... | 2002 | 12513927 |
| immunologic features of porcine circovirus type 2 infection. | clinical expression of porcine circovirus 2 (pcv-2) infection in swine may result in two distinct high mortality disease syndromes. in north america, postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), while still sporadic in incidence, predominates. in europe and elsewhere, both pmws and a second syndrome, porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns), occur in endemic and epidemic forms. pmws but not pdns has been reproduced in piglets by inoculations with pcv-2 alone or in pcv-2-infected ... | 2002 | 12513928 |
| experimental in utero inoculation of late-term swine fetuses with porcine circovirus type 2. | all 37 fetuses of 3 laparotomized pregnant sows at 86, 92, and 93 days of gestation were inoculated intramuscularly through the uterine wall with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2). the sows were allowed to farrow, and blood and tissue samples were collected from their piglets before and after suckling colostrum. thirteen fetuses from 2 sows at 90 and 103 days of gestation were used as controls. of the 37 pcv-2 inoculated fetuses, 24 were grossly normal and 13 were mummified, stillborn, or weak-b ... | 2002 | 12423036 |
| genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) strains from cases presenting various clinical conditions. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) has been associated with a newly identified and described disease in swine called the postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws). an association of pcv2 with various other clinical conditions in pigs are also increasingly being reported. to date molecular studies to determine the extent of genetic variations of this virus have been limited. to more fully understand the extent of genetic diversity we report the sequencing of 34 pcv2 strains from eastern can ... | 2002 | 12457966 |
| double in situ hybridization for simultaneous detection and differentiation of porcine circovirus 1 and 2 in pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. | double in situ hybridization using a digoxigenin-labelled porcine circovirus 1 (pcv1) and biotinylated pcv2 probe, was developed for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of pcv1 and pcv2 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. the combination of an alkaline phosphatase conjugated antidigoxigenin system with alkaline phosphatase conjugated streptavidin-biotin system allowed identification of pcv1 and/or pcv2. no evidence of ... | 2002 | 12505399 |
| characterization of the recombinant proteins of porcine circovirus type2 field isolate expressed in the baculovirus system. | porcine circovirus (pcv) type2 was isolated using primary porcine kidney cells from lymph node of piglets with typical pmws. the presence of the virus was identified by pcr using primers specific to pcv type2. the orfs 1 and 2 were amplified by pcr using primers corresponding to the target genes of the pcv type 2. cloned genes were inserted into the baculovirus expression vector and pcv recombinant proteins were expressed using baculovirus expression system. recombinant protein expression was de ... | 2002 | 14614268 |
| genetic characterization of porcine circovirus-2 field isolates from pmws pigs. | pmws is a new emerging disease in swine herds worldwide. field isolates of pcv-2, a putative major causative agent of pmws, were isolated and genetically characterized. viral genome of two field isolates (pc201dj and pc201ss) from pigs showing typical pmws was sequenced. the nucleotide sequence homology with other pcv-2 isolates was ranging from 95% to 99% in complete viral genomic sequence. the highly conserved nonanucleotide motif of replication origin was identical to that of other pcv-2 isol ... | 2002 | 14614270 |
| pcv2 replicase transcripts in infected porcine kidney (pk15) cells. | the circoviridae family includes small viruses containing circular single strand dna. there are two circoviruses described in pigs. porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) has been linked to a disease termed postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) whereas a close relative of this virus, termed pcv type 1 (pcv1) has been considered a non-pathogenic contaminant of the pk15 cell line. rolling circle replication of small dna viruses like circoviruses is mediated by a replicase (rep) gene that is trans ... | 2002 | 12881643 |
| ttv, a new human virus with single stranded circular dna genome. | tt virus (ttv) was found in 1997 from a hepatitis patient without virus markers. however, the real impact of ttv on liver diseases remains uncertain to date. due to the lack of suitable cell systems to support the growth of ttv, the biology of ttv is still obscure. this review tries to summarise the current status of ttv on aspects other than the taxonomic diversity of ttv. ttv was the first human virus with a single stranded circular dna genome. ttv was considered to be a member of circoviridae ... | 2002 | 11987140 |
| first evidence of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2) infection of pigs in the czech republic by semi-nested pcr. | three oligonucleotide primers for semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) were designed according to already published sequences of porcine circovirus types 1 (pcv-1) and 2 (pcv-2) isolates. these primers were used to detect pcv-2 dna. a positive amplification reaction was visualized from a dna suspension containing as few as 10 copies of virus dna. in total. 77 samples of inguinal lymph nodes and nasal swabs from pigs in the czech republic were used to detect the virus. thirty-seven of them ... | 2002 | 12019948 |
| a method to diagnose pigeon circovirus infection in vivo. | this study describes a method to detect in vivo pigeon circovirus (picv, also called columbid circovirus, cocv) identified recently. blood samples of healthy and diseased pigeons were investigated. dna was isolated from a drop of blood spotted and dried on filter paper. a nested pcr using two primer pairs from the cap gene was performed to detect picv. using this method, picv nucleic acid was detected in 17 of 53 pigeons examined. pcr using dna from dried blood samples is a simple, fast and reli ... | 2002 | 12020792 |
| simultaneous detection of porcine circovirus 2 and porcine parvovirus in naturally and experimentally coinfected pigs by double in situ hybridization. | a technique for double in situ hybridization to simultaneously detect porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) and porcine parvovirus (ppv) in the same tissue section was developed and applied to lymph node and spleen from 8 pigs experimentally coinfected with pcv2 and ppv and 20 pigs with naturally occurring postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome. for double labeling studies, the tissue samples were processed sequentially, first for ppv in situ hybridization using a digoxigenin-labeled probe and then fo ... | 2002 | 12033680 |
| [circovirus type 2 widely spread in the dutch pig husbandry]. | 2002 | 12046457 | |
| experimental inoculation of porcine circoviruses type 1 (pcv1) and type 2 (pcv2) in rabbits and mice. | the objective of this work was to investigate the susceptibility of rabbits and mice experimentally inoculated with porcine circoviruses type 1 (pcv1) and type 2 (pcv2) to infection and development of disease and/or lesions. forty six new zealand rabbits and 50 icr-cdi mice were both divided into two groups comprising pcvi and pcv2 inoculated animals, and a third group inoculated with non-infected cell culture medium. rabbits were inoculated intranasally while mice were inoculated intraperitonea ... | 2002 | 12056474 |
| occurrence of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome in hungary. | in the past few years a characteristics, often fatal disease associated with cutaneous lesions and nephropathy has been observed in several large pig herds and household pig stocks of hungary. in addition to general symptoms and slight fever in several cases, the disease was characterised by cutaneous lesions occurring mostly on the ventral part of the thorax and abdomen, on the extremities and ear pinnae, and in the nasal and perianal region. in the acute phase, circumscribed hyperaemic, conflu ... | 2002 | 12061235 |
| first report of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome in pigs in greece. | post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns) are two recently described conditions of pigs at the late nursery and fattening stages. the aim of this short communication was to describe the first reported occurrence of these conditions and of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection in greece. the clinical signs, gross post-mortem changes and histopathological changes observed in affected pigs, were similar to those previously describ ... | 2002 | 12069275 |