Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [the effect of the substance exin on development of microbial infections and isolation of ethylene in plants]. | effects of exin on infection of tomato, potato, and cabbage plants with pseudomonas solanacearum and erwinia carotovora and a fungus sclerotium rolfsii were studied. the treatment of infected plants with exin caused no significant effect on the development of the disease. treatment with streptomycin as a standard for comparison completely inhibited the growth of these microorganisms. pretreatment with exin one to eight days before infecting inhibited the development of diseases. the numbers of t ... | 2000 | 10780015 |
| antimicrobial activities of ferulago essential oils. | essential oils from ferulago asparagifolia boiss., f. galbanifera (miller) w. koch, f. humilis boiss. (endemic), f. trachycarpa boiss. growing in turkey were evaluated against 15 microorganisms for their antifungal and antibacterial activity using an agar tube dilution and microdilution broth susceptibility assay, respectively. the essential oil compositions were investigated by gc/ms. inhibitory effects against escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes, candida albicans, gaeumannomyces graminis ... | 2000 | 11204191 |
| combined soil treatments and sequence of application in improving the control of soilborne pathogens. | abstract the effects of reduced doses of methyl bromide (mb) or metham sodium, heating, short solarization, and soil microbial activity, alone or in combination, on survival of soilborne fungal pathogens were tested in a controlled-environment system and field plots. sublethal doses of heating or mb delayed germination of sclerotium rolfsii sclerotia. combining mb and heating treatments was more effective than either treatment alone in controlling s. rolfsii and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. basilic ... | 2000 | 18944494 |
| genetic variability within and among mycelial compatibility groups of sclerotium rolfsii in south africa. | abstract isolates of sclerotium rolfsii, the causal organism of stem rot or southern blight of groundnut, can be placed in mycelial compatibility groups (mcgs) based on hyphal interactions between isolates. the aim of this study was to determine whether amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis was a suitable technique to assess genetic variability between isolates and mcgs of s. rolfsii. for preliminary genetic analysis, 10 isolates were selected from each of two mcgs and compared ... | 2000 | 18944529 |
| hydrolysis of isolated coffee mannan and coffee extract by mannanases of sclerotium rolfsii. | different mannanase preparations obtained from the filamentous fungus sclerotium rolfsii were used for the hydrolysis of coffee mannan, thus reducing significantly the viscosity of coffee extracts. mannan is the main polysaccharide component of these extracts and is responsible for their high viscosity, which negatively affects the technological processing of instant coffee. coffee mannan was isolated from green defatted arabica beans by delignification, acid wash and subsequent alkali extractio ... | 2000 | 10908793 |
| carbohydrate specificity of a lectin isolated from the fungus sclerotium rolfsii. | in order to investigate the functional roles of a phytopathogenic fungal lectin (srl) isolated from the bodies of sclerotium rolfsii, the binding properties of srl were studied by enzyme linked lectinosorbent assay and by inhibition of srl-glycan interaction. among glycoproteins (gp) tested for binding, srl reacted strongly with galnac alpha1-->4ser/thr (tn) and/or gal beta1-->3galnac alpha1-->(t(alpha)) containing gps: human t(alpha) and tn glycophorin, asialo salivary gps, and asialofetuin, bu ... | 2001 | 11589519 |
| purification and characterization of cellobiose dehydrogenase from the plant pathogen sclerotium (athelia) rolfsii. | cellobiose dehydrogenase (cdh) is an extracellular hemoflavoenzyme produced by several wood-degrading fungi. in the presence of a suitable electron acceptor, e.g., 2,6-dichloro-indophenol (dcip), cytochrome c, or metal ions, cdh oxidizes cellobiose to cellobionolactone. the phytopathogenic fungus sclerotium rolfsii (teleomorph: athelia rolfsii) strain cbs 191.62 produces remarkably high levels of cdh activity when grown on a cellulose-containing medium. of the 7,500 u of extracellular enzyme act ... | 2001 | 11282631 |
| antifungal activity of a novel endochitinase gene (chit36) from trichoderma harzianum rifai tm. | a novel 36-kda endochitinase named chit36 has been isolated and characterized from trichoderma harzianum rifai tm. partial amino acid sequences from the purified protein were used to clone the fungal cdna, based on polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers. the complete open reading frame encodes a 344-amino acid protein which shows 84% similarity to a putative chitinase from streptomyces coelicolor. chit36 was overexpressed under the pki1 constitutive promoter from trichoderma reesei vi ... | 2001 | 11425470 |
| characterization of a chitinase and an endo-beta-1,3-glucanase from trichoderma harzianum rifai t24 involved in control of the phytopathogen sclerotium rolfsii. | of 24 trichoderma isolates, t harzianum rifai (t24) showed a potential for control of the phytopathogenic basidiomycete sclerotium rolfsii. when t24 was grown on different carbon sources, growth inhibition of s. rolfsii by the t24 culture filtrate correlated with the activity of extracellular chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase. the 43-kilodalton (kda) chitinase and the 74-kda beta-1,3-glucanase were purified from the t24 culture filtrate in two and three steps, respectively, using ammonium sulphat ... | 2001 | 11499921 |
| indigo degradation with purified laccases from trametes hirsuta and sclerotium rolfsii. | the degradation of the textile dye indigo with purified laccases from the fungi trametes hirsuta (thl1 and thl2) and sclerotium rolfsii (srl1) was studied. all laccases were able to oxidize indigo yielding isatin (indole-2,3-dione), which was further decomposed to anthranilic acid (2-aminobenzoic acid). based on the oxygen consumption rate of the laccases during indigo degradation, a potential mechanism for the oxidation of indigo involving the step-wise abstraction of four electrons from indigo ... | 2001 | 11500206 |
| beta-carotene production and its role in sclerotial differentiation of sclerotium rolfsii. | the fungus sclerotium rolfsii produces beta-carotene, the main detected carotenoid, in levels dependent upon oxidative growth conditions and upon differentiation. beta-carotene accumulation is 5-, 6.5-, and 6.7-fold higher in undifferentiated mycelia, sclerotia, and differentiated mycelia, respectively, at high than at low oxidative stress. it accumulates more in older than in younger mycelia and is 2-fold higher in differentiated than in undifferentiated mycelia. we propose that beta-carotene i ... | 2001 | 11567548 |
| determination of cellular carbohydrates in peanut fungal pathogens and baker's yeast by capillary electrophoresis and electrochromatography. | in this work, the quantitation of cellular carbohydrates, namely chitin and glucan, in peanut fungal pathogens and baker's yeast was carried out by capillary electrophoresis (ce) and capillary electrochromatography (cec). the chitin and glucan of the fungi were hydrolyzed by the enzymes chitinase and glucanase, respectively, to their corresponding sugar monomers n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac) and glucose (glc). these two monosaccharides were then tagged with 6-aminoquinoline (6-aq) to allow their ... | 2001 | 11714314 |
| in vivo volatile emissions from peanut plants induced by simultaneous fungal infection and insect damage. | peanut plants, arachis hypogaea, infected with white mold. sclerotium rolfsii, emit a blend of organic compounds that differs both quantitatively and qualitatively from the blend emitted from plants damaged by beet armyworm (baw; spodoptera exigua) larvae or from uninfected, undamaged plants. attackby baw induced release of lipoxygenase products (hexenols, hexenals, and hexenyl esters), terpenoids, and indole. the plant-derived compound methyl salicylate and the fungal-derived compound 3-octanon ... | 2002 | 11868672 |
| lipofuscins and sclerotial differentiation in phytopathogenic fungi. | lipofuscins of lipidic and proteinaceous origin were identified by their excitation and emission spectra in phytopathogenic fungal representatives of different sclerotial differentiation types. lipofuscin pigments in sclerotium rolfsii, rhizoctonia solani, sclerotinia minor and sclerotinia sclerotiorum showed similar excitation and emission maxima (ex-em 330-450, 330-450, 330-470 and 330-470 nm, respectively). sclerotial differentiation of these fungi was proceeded by a 4.2, 2.5, 2.7, 2.5 and 6, ... | 2002 | 12014481 |
| effects of switchgrass (panicum virgatum) rotations with peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) on nematode populations and soil microflora. | a 3-year field rotation study was conducted to assess the potential of switchgrass (panicum virgatum) to suppress root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne arenaria), southern blight (sclerotium rolfsii), and aflatoxigenic fungi (aspergillus sp.) in peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) and to assess shifts in microbial populations following crop rotation. switchgrass did not support populations of root-knot nematodes but supported high populations of nonparasitic nematodes. peanut with no nematicide applied and ... | 2002 | 19265915 |
| effect of synthetic and organic soil fertility amendments on southern blight, soil microbial communities, and yield of processing tomatoes. | abstract soil fertility amendments, including composted cotton-gin trash, swine manure, a rye-vetch green manure, or synthetic fertilizers, were applied to subplots and tillage on bare soil; or tillage followed by surface mulch with wheat straw were applied to main plots to determine the effect on the incidence of southern blight caused by sclerotium rolfsii, yield of processing tomato, and soil microbial communities. the amendment-tillage interaction was significant in 1997 and disease incidenc ... | 2002 | 18943092 |
| enhanced resistance to sclerotium rolfsii in populations of alfalfa selected for quantitative resistance to sclerotinia trifoliorum. | abstract sclerotinia trifoliorum and sclerotium rolfsii are pathogens for which similar mechanisms of parasitism have been proposed. this suggested that resistance to these pathogens may be related in a common host plant. this study was undertaken to determine whether selection for quantitative resistance to sclerotinia trifoliorum in alfalfa also increases resistance to sclerotium rolfsii as expressed in excised leaf tissues and whole plants. resistance in excised leaf tissues was evaluated acc ... | 2002 | 18943095 |
| variability in indian isolates of sclerotium rolfsii. | variability among 26 isolates of sclerotium rolfsii collected from various hosts/soil samples and localities in india is reported. the isolates varied in colony morphology, mycelial growth rate, sclerotium formation, teleomorph production and sclerotial size and color. out of 26 isolates, only 4 produced the teleomorph stage on cyperus rotundus rhizome meal agar medium. mycelial incompatibility among the isolates was also seen, and out of 325 combinations, only 29 combinations (8.9%) showed comp ... | 2002 | 21156576 |
| studies on exudate-depleted sclerotial development in sclerotium rolfsii and the effect of oxalic acid, sclerotial exudate, and culture filtrate on phenolic acid induction in chickpea (cicer arietinum). | exudate depletion from developing sclerotia of sclerotium rolfsii sacc. in culture caused reduced size and weight of sclerotia. germination of exudate-depleted sclerotia was delayed on cyperus rotundus rhizome meal agar medium when compared with that of control sclerotia. the exudate-depleted sclerotia caused infection in chickpea (cicer arietinum) plants in a glasshouse. different temperatures and incubation periods had no effect on the germination ability of the exudate-depleted sclerotia. oxa ... | 2002 | 12109884 |
| volatile compounds emitted by sclerotia of sclerotinia minor, sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and sclerotium rolfsii. | volatile compounds emitted by sclerotia of sclerotinia minor, sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and sclerotium rolfsii were identified by solid phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography and mass spectometry. both s. minor and s. sclerotiorum emitted 2-methylenebornane and 2-methylisoborneol. in addition, s. minor emitted mesityl oxide, gamma-butyrolactone, cis- and trans-linalool oxide, linalool, and trans-nerolidol. s. sclerotiorum emitted 2-methyl-2-bornene, 1-methylcamphene, and a diterpen ... | 2002 | 12059156 |
| decolorization of textile dyes by laccases from a newly isolated strain of trametes modesta. | four ligninolytic fungi, trametes modesta, trametes hirsuta, trametes versicolor and sclerotium rolfsii, were compared for their ability to produce laccases. the fungal laccases were screened for their ability to decolorize eight synthetic dyes (anthraquinone, azo, indigo and triarylmethane). the decolorization rate depended both on the source of the enzyme preparation and on the structure of the dye. based on laccase production and dye decolorizing ability, t. modesta was selected for further s ... | 2002 | 11996335 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of sclerotium rolfsii lectin. | sclerotium rolfsii lectin (srl), from the soil-borne phytopathogenic fungus s. rolfsii, has been crystallized. srl crystals were grown by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method using an mpd-ammonium acetate mixture in tris-hcl buffer ph 8.5. a complete data set from a single crystal at 100 k was collected to 1.1 a resolution using synchrotron radiation. preliminary crystallographic analysis showed that the crystals belong to the tetragonal space group p4(2)2(1)2, with unit-cell parameters a = ... | 2003 | 12554954 |
| cloning, sequencing, and heterologous expression of a cellobiohydrolase cdna from the basidiomycete corticium rolfsii. | from a corticium rolfsii cdna library, a clone homologous to other fungal cellobiohydrolase (cbh1) genes was isolated using the polymerase chain reaction. in the nucleotide sequence, one 1.6 kb long open reading frame coding for a polypeptide of 530 amino acid residues was detected which showed 64% identity with cbh1 of phanerochaete chrysosporium. with expression of the 1.8 kb cdna using the aspergillus oryzae expression system, we detected microcrystalline cellulose (avicel) hydrolyzing activi ... | 2003 | 12843660 |
| optimisation of cellobiose dehydrogenase production by the fungus sclerotium (athelia) rolfsii. | the phytopathogenic fungus sclerotium (athelia) rolfsii cbs 191.62 is a very efficient producer of the hemoflavoprotein, cellobiose dehydrogenase (cdh), forming up to 225 mg l(-1) (15,000 units cytochrome c activity l(-1)) of this protein, which is of biotechnological interest for sensors, biocatalysis and bioremediation. both cellulose as inducing substrate and the use of a rich medium containing increased concentrations of peptone from meat or suitable amino acids are important for attaining h ... | 2003 | 12658512 |
| modeling the survival of two soilborne pathogens under dry structural solarization. | abstract structural (space) solarization of a closed, empty greenhouse for sanitation involves dry heating to 60 degrees c and higher and low relative humidity (rh), under a fluctuating temperature and rh regime. survival of inocula of fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici and sclerotium rolfsii during structural solarization was studied for 4 years (total of 12 experiments) in an attempt to develop a dynamic model for expressing the thermal inactivation of the pathogens. after 20 days o ... | 2003 | 18944324 |
| ascorbic acid might play a role in the sclerotial differentiation of sclerotium rolfsii. | certain phytopathogenic fungi differentiate by forming sclerotia by an unclear biochemical mechanism. we have proposed that sclerotial differentiation might be regulated by fungal antioxidant defense. part of this defense might be ascorbic acid, which in its reduced form is a well-known antioxidant. this natural antioxidant was studied in sclerotium rolfsii in relation to oxidative-growth conditions, developmental stages and strain-differentiating ability. the transition of a sclerotial strain f ... | 2003 | 21156616 |
| biocontrol of collar rot disease of betelvine (piper betle l.) caused by sclerotium rolfsii by using rhizosphere-competent pseudomonas fluorescens nbri-n6 and p. fluorescens nbri-n. | collar rot disease of betelvine (piper betle l.) caused by sclerotium rolfsii is difficult to control by conventional means by use of chemicals; therefore, use of biocontrol agents is desirable. in the present study, 186 bacterial strains of different morphological types were screened for their biocontrol activity against s. rolfsii under in vitro conditions. two strains, pseudomonas fluorescens nbri-n6 and p. fluorescens nbri-n, were selected for further studies because of their ability to inhi ... | 2003 | 14506865 |
| effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and culture filtrate of sclerotium rolfsii on phenolic and salicylic acid contents in chickpea (cicer arietinum). | two plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr), viz., pseudomonas fluorescens strain pf4 and p. aeruginosa strain pag, protected chickpea ( cicer arietinum) plants from sclerotium rolfsii infection when applied singly or in combination as seed treatment. pag gave the best protection to the seedlings, applied either singly (mortality 16%) or in combination with pf4 (mortality 17%) compared with 44% and 24% mortality in control and pf4 treatment, respectively. the two pgpr strains induced the syn ... | 2003 | 12520369 |
| in vitro activities of maesa lanceolata extracts against fungal plant pathogens. | in vitro tests were carried out using extracts of maesa lanceolata var. goulungensis weir against a broad range of fungal plant pathogens such as phytophthora cryptogea, trichoderma virens, aspergillus niger, phoma sp., fusarium oxysporium, pythium ultimum, cochliobolus heterostrophus, rhizoctonia solani, sclerotium rolfsii and pyrenophora teres. m. lanceolata extracts were very active against all the pathogens tested except p. ultimum and r. solani. | 2003 | 12727503 |
| phylogenetic relationship of sclerotium rolfsii (teleomorph athelia rolfsii) and s delphinii based on its sequences. | the phylogenetic relationships of the stem rot pathogens sclerotium rolfsii and s. delphinii were examined, based on their rdna its sequences. the its regions were cloned and sequenced to identify three distinct its types: r-1, r-2, and r-3. two different its types exist within s. rolfsii and s. delphinii strains. japanese strains and one strain of s. rolfsii from the usa contain types r-1 and r-2, whereas another strain from the usa and one from chile have only one its type, r-2. s. delphinii s ... | 2003 | 12747327 |
| tmka, a mitogen-activated protein kinase of trichoderma virens, is involved in biocontrol properties and repression of conidiation in the dark. | trichoderma virens is a mycoparasitic fungus used in biocontrol of soilborne plant pathogens. it inhibits or kills plant-pathogenic fungi through production of antifungal antibiotics and parasitism of hyphae and sclerotia. conidiation, or the production of asexual spores, an inducible process triggered by light or nutrient stress, is an important trait in survival and also development of formulation products. in many fungi, signaling pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) ca ... | 2003 | 12796289 |
| an efficient method for the purification and characterization of nematicidal azadirachtins a, b, and h, using mplc and esims. | azadirachtin a enriched concentrate containing 60% active ingredient (a.i.) was prepared from the methanolic extract of the de-fatted neem (azadirachta indica a. juss) seed kernels. azadirachtins a, b, and h, the three major bioactive constituents of neem seed kernel, were purified from this methanolic concentrate by employing reverse phase medium-pressure liquid chromatography (mplc), using methanol-water solvent system as an eluant. the three pure azadirachtin congeners thus obtained were char ... | 2003 | 12822931 |
| growth promoting influence of siderophore-producing pseudomonas strains grp3a and prs9 in maize (zea mays l.) under iron limiting conditions. | maize seeds were bacterized with siderophore-producing pseudomonads with the goal to develop a system suitable for better iron uptake under iron-stressed conditions. siderophore production was compared in fluorescent pseudomonas spp. grp3a, prs9 and p. chlororaphis atcc 9446 in standard succinate (ssm) and citrate (scm) media. succinate was better suited for siderophore production, however, deferration of media resulted in increased siderophore production in all the strains. maximum siderophore ... | 2003 | 14521234 |
| viridepyronone, a new antifungal 6-substituted 2h-pyran-2-one produced by trichoderma viride. | a new antifungal 6-substituted 2h-pyran-2-one, named viridepyronone, has been isolated from a cultural filtrate of a strain of trichoderma viride showing antagonistic activity in vitro toward sclerotium rolfsii, which is the causal agent of crown and stem rot of artichoke. viridepyronone was characterized as 6-(4-oxopentyl)-2h-pyran-2-one 2 with spectroscopic methods. bioassays showed that viridepyronone had a good antifungal activity against s. rolfsii, and its minimum inhibitory concentration ... | 2003 | 14611154 |
| role of two g-protein alpha subunits, tgaa and tgab, in the antagonism of plant pathogens by trichoderma virens. | g-protein alpha subunits are involved in transmission of signals for development, pathogenicity, and secondary metabolism in plant pathogenic and saprophytic fungi. we cloned two g-protein alpha subunit genes, tgaa and tgab, from the biocontrol fungus trichoderma virens. tgaa belongs to the fungal galphai class, while tgab belongs to the class defined by gna-2 of neurospora crassa. we compared loss-of-function mutants of tgaa and tgab with the wild type for radial growth, conidiation, germinatio ... | 2004 | 14711686 |
| formation and regeneration of protoplasts in sclerotium rolfsii atcc 201126. | different cultural conditions for forming and reverting protoplasts were systematically studied to establish a rapid and efficient protocol for sclerotium rolfsii atcc 201126. | 2004 | 14723686 |
| a non-specific lipid transfer protein with antifungal and antibacterial activities from the mung bean. | a non-specific lipid transfer peptide (nsltp) with antimicrobial activity was isolated from the mung bean (phaseolus mungo) seeds. the procedure entailed aqueous extraction, ion exchange chromatography on cm-sephadex and high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) on poros-hs-20. the peptide exhibited a molecular mass of 9.03 kda in mass spectrometry. it exerted antifungal action toward fusarium solani, fusarium oxysporum, pythium aphanidermatum and sclerotium rolfsii, and antibacterial action ... | 2004 | 15350690 |
| growth promotion and yield enhancement of peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) by application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. | although plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) have been reported to influence plant growth, yield and nutrient uptake by an array of mechanisms, the specific traits by which pgpr promote plant growth, yield and nutrient uptake were limited to the expression of one or more of the traits expressed at a given environment of plant-microbe interaction. we selected nine different isolates of pgpr from a pool of 233 rhizobacterial isolates obtained from the peanut rhizosphere on the basis of acc ... | 2004 | 15646384 |
| [isolation and purification of ribosome-inactivating proteins from bitter melon seeds by ion exchange chromatographic columns in series]. | an anion exchange chromatographic column (deae-650c) and a cation exchange chromatographic column (cm-650c) were connected in series on a perfusion chromatography workstation. the crude extract of bitter melon seeds flowed through the two columns and the unadsorbed fraction on the deae-650c column was then directly readsorbed on the cm-650c column. two protein components with antifungal activity were eluted from the cation exchange chromatographic column by linear salt gradient. both of them wer ... | 2004 | 15706947 |
| siderophore production by a marine pseudomonas aeruginosa and its antagonistic action against phytopathogenic fungi. | a marine isolate of fluorescent pseudomonas sp. having the ability to produce the pyoverdine type of siderophores under low iron stress (up to 10 microm iron in the succinate medium) was identified as pseudomonas aeruginosa by using biolog breathprint and siderotyping. pyoverdine production was optimum at 0.2% (w/v) succinate, ph 6.0, in an iron-deficient medium. studies carried out in vitro revealed that purified siderophores and pseudomonas culture have good antifungal activity against the pla ... | 2004 | 15304753 |
| fungistatic and bacteriostatic activities of alkamides from heliopsis longipes roots: affinin and reduced amides. | this work demonstrates the fungistatic and bacteriostatic activities of affinin, the main alkamide of heliopsis longipes (gray) blake (asteraceae) roots and two alkamides obtained by catalytic reduction of affinin: n-isobutyl-2e-decenamide and n-isobutyl-decanamide. the bioactivity was tested against rhizoctonia solani groups ag3 and ag5, sclerotium rolfsii, sclerotium cepivorum, fusarium sp., vertcillium sp., phytopathogenic fungi; phytophthora infestans, a phytopathogenic chromista; saccharomy ... | 2004 | 15264902 |
| immunolocalization and functional role of sclerotium rolfsii lectin in development of fungus by interaction with its endogenous receptor. | many fungi are known to secrete lectins, but their functional roles are not clearly understood. sclerotium rolfsii, a soilborne plant pathogenic fungus capable of forming fruiting bodies called sclerotial bodies, secrete a cell wall-associated thomsen-friedenreich antigen-specific lectin. to understand the functional role of this lectin, we examined its occurrence and expression during development of the fungus. furthermore, putative endogenous receptors of the lectin were examined to substantia ... | 2004 | 15253931 |
| biosensor based on cellobiose dehydrogenase for detection of catecholamines. | a cellobiose dehydrogenase (cdh)-modified graphite electrode was designed for amperometric detection of catecholamines in the flow injection mode, by their recycling between the graphite electrode (+300 mv vs ag|agcl) and the reduced fad cofactor of adsorbed cdh, resulting in an amplified response signal. the high efficiency of the enzyme-catecholamine reaction leads to a detection limit below 1 nm and a sensitivity of 15.8 a.m(-1) x cm(-2) (approximately 1150 na/microm) for noradrenaline, with ... | 2004 | 15307778 |
| a chitinase with antifungal activity from the mung bean. | a chitinase with antifungal activity was isolated from mung bean (phaseolus mungo) seeds. the procedure entailed aqueous extraction, (nh4)2so4 precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography on cm-sepharose, high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) on poros hs-20, and gel filtration on sephadex g-75. the protein exhibited a molecular mass of 30.8 kda in sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. its pi was 6.3 as determined by isoelectric focusing. the specific activity of the chitinase was estimat ... | 2005 | 15766863 |
| reaction of selected soybean cultivars to rhizoctonia root rot and other damping-off disease agents. | eight soybean cultivars; giza 21. giza 22, giza 35, giza 82, giza 83, crawford, holladay and toamo were evaluated to rhizoctonia root rot using agar plate and potted plant techniques. data cleared that, in agar plate assay all soybean cultivars were moderately susceptible (ms), although the differences between them were significant (p=0.05). generally, in potted assay, the reactions were resistant (r) or moderately resistant (mr) to root rots. also, the differences between cultivars were signifi ... | 2005 | 16637203 |
| trichoderma mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling is involved in induction of plant systemic resistance. | the role of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) tmka in inducing systemic resistance in cucumber against the bacterial pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. lacrymans was investigated by using tmka loss-of-function mutants of trichoderma virens. in an assay where trichoderma spores were germinated in proximity to cucumber roots, the mutants were able to colonize the plant roots as effectively as the wild-type strain but failed to induce full systemic resistance against the leaf pathogen. inter ... | 2005 | 16204544 |
| fungitoxicity of some higher plants and synergistic activity of their essential oils against sclerotium rolfsii sacc. causing foot-rot disease of barley. | twenty five plant species were screened for their volatile components against hyphal growth and sclerotia formation of sclerotium rolfsii causing foot rot disease of barley (hordeum vulgare). leaves of chenopodium ambrosioides (ca), lippia alba (la), azadirachta indica (ai) and eucalyptus globulus (eg) were found to be strongly toxic. their volatile active factors were isolated in the form of essential oils which were tested for toxicity individually and in six combinations (1:1 v/v) viz. ca-la, ... | 2005 | 18697732 |
| biological control of collar rot disease with broad-spectrum antifungal bacteria associated with groundnut. | bacteria associated with 6 habitats of groundnut were evaluated for their broad-spectrum antifungal activity and suppression of collar rot (aspergillus niger) of groundnut. three hundred and ninety-three strains were tested against 8 fungal pathogens of groundnut including 5 necrotrophic fungi, aspergillus flavus, a. niger, rhizoctonia bataticola, rhizoctonia solani, and sclerotium rolfsii, and 3 biotrophic fungi, cercospora arachidicola, phaeoisariopsis personata, and puccinia arachidis. pseudo ... | 2005 | 16091770 |
| post harvest spoilage of sweetpotato in tropics and control measures. | sweetpotato storage roots are subjected to several forms of post harvest spoilage in the tropical climate during transportation from farmers' field to market and in storage. these are due to mechanical injury, weight loss, sprouting, and pests and diseases. sweetpotato weevil is the single most important storage pest in tropical regions for which no control measures or resistant variety are yet available. several microorganisms (mostly fungi) have been found to induce spoilage in stored sweetpot ... | 2005 | 16371331 |
| molecular cloning, recombinant gene expression, and antifungal activity of cystatin from taro (colocasia esculenta cv. kaosiung no. 1). | a cdna clone, designated cecpi, encoding a novel phytocystatin was isolated from taro corms (colocasia esculenta) using both degenerated primers/rt-pcr amplification and 5'-/3'-race extension. the full-length cdna gene is 1,008 bp in size, encodes 206 amino acid residues, with a deduced molecular weight of 29 kda. it contains a conserved reactive site motif gln-val-val-ser-gly of cysteine protease inhibitors, and another consensus arfav sequence for phytocystatin. sequence analysis revealed that ... | 2005 | 15647900 |
| first report of a novel plant lysozyme with both antifungal and antibacterial activities. | a novel lysozyme exhibiting antifungal activity and with a molecular mass of 14.4kda in sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was isolated from mung bean (phaseolus mungo) seeds using a procedure that involved aqueous extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on cm-sephadex, and high-performance liquid chromatography on poros hs-20. its n-terminal sequence was very different from that of hen egg white lysozyme. its pi was estimated to be above 9.7. the specific act ... | 2005 | 15649419 |
| histopathological studies of sclerotia of phytopathogenic fungi parasitized by a gfp transformed trichoderma virens antagonistic strain. | the gfp gene from the jellyfish aequorea victoria, coding for the green fluorescent protein (gfp), was used as a reporter gene to transform a trichoderma virens strain i10, characterized as having a promising biocontrol activity against a large number of phytopathogenic fungi. on the basis of molecular and biological results, a stable gfp transformant was selected for further experiments. in order to evaluate the effects of gfp transformation on mycoparasitic ability of t. virens i10, sclerotia ... | 2006 | 16388938 |
| antifungal efficacy of chitosan and its thiourea derivatives upon the growth of some sugar-beet pathogens. | chitosan (cs) was modified by reaction with benzoyl thiocyanate to give a thiourea derivative (tucs). the antifungal behavior of chitosan and its thiourea derivative was investigated in vitro on the mycelial growth, sporulation and germination of conidia or sclerotia of the following sugar-beet: beta vulgaris pathogens isolated in egypt, rhizoctonia solani kühn (ag(2-2)) sclerotium rolfsii sacc. and fusarium solani (mart.) sacc. all the prepared thiourea derivatives had a significant inhibiting ... | 2006 | 16413607 |
| cell surface display of chi92 on escherichia coli using ice nucleation protein for improved catalytic and antifungal activity. | the gene encoding chitinase 92 (chi92) from aeromonas hydrophila jp10 has been displayed on the cell surface of escherichia coli using the n-terminal region of ice nucleation proteins (inpn) as an anchoring motif. immunofluorescence microscopy confirmed that chi92 was anchored on the cell surface. western blot analysis further identified the synthesis of inp derivatives containing the n-terminal domain inpn-chi92 fusion protein of the expected size (112 kda). whole cell enzyme assay indicated th ... | 2006 | 16487328 |
| fungal solid state culture of palm kernel cake. | palm kernel cake (pkc), an agro-industrial by-product used extensively in the animal feed industry, has limited use in fish feeds due to its high fiber and low protein contents. in this study, pkc was processed under solid state culture conditions with five fungal strains and the effect of this fungal culturing on the amino acid, fatty acid, cellulose and hemicellulose fractions was evaluated. fungal strains used were sclerotium rolfsii, trichoderma harzianum, trichoderma longiobrachiatum, trich ... | 2006 | 16216731 |
| viridenepoxydiol, a new pentasubstituted oxiranyldecene produced by trichoderma viride. | a new pentasubstituted oxiranyldecene, named viridenepoxydiol, has been isolated (0.9 mg/l) from the culture filtrate of a strain of trichoderma viride showing in vitro and in vivo antagonistic activity against sclerotium rolfsii, which is the causal agent of crown and stem rot of artichoke. viridenepoxydiol was characterized as 3,5,9-trimethyl-2-oxiranyl-dec-8-ene-2,5-diol (3) using spectroscopic methods. it showed inhibitor effect on mycelial growth of s. rolfsii and its minimum inhibitory con ... | 2006 | 16939313 |
| plant growth-promoting methylobacterium induces defense responses in groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.) compared with rot pathogens. | this study, framed in two different phases, studied the plant-growth promotion and the induction of systemic resistance in groundnut by methylobacterium. seed imbibition with methylobacterium sp. increased germination by 19.5% compared with controls. combined inoculation of methylobacterium sp. with rhizobium sp. also significantly increased plant growth, nodulation, and yield attributes in groundnut compared with individual inoculation of rhizobium sp. methylobacterium sp. challenge-inoculated ... | 2006 | 16941245 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel mung bean protease inhibitor with antipathogenic and anti-proliferative activities. | a novel protease inhibitor, designated mungoin, with both antifungal and antibacterial activities, and exhibiting a molecular mass of 10kda in sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was isolated from mung bean (phaseolus mungo) seeds. the isolation procedure involved a combination of extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on cm-sephadex, and high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) on sp-toyopearl. its isoelectric point was estimated to be 9.8 by isoelectri ... | 2006 | 16971020 |
| purification and characterization of an exochitinase from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai and its action against phytopathogenic fungi. | a chitinolytic enzyme from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai has been purified and its molecular mass was estimated ca. 66 kda by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). the enzyme was able to hydrolyze chitin to chitobiosides but not carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose, pullulan, and laminarin. optimal ph and temperature were detected at 6 and 50 degrees c, respectively. stability, in the absence of substrate, was observed at temperatures less than 60 degrees c a ... | 2006 | 16917521 |
| antifungal activity of 4-methyl-6-alkyl-2h-pyran-2-ones. | a number of 4-methyl-6-alkyl-alpha-pyrones were synthesized and characterized on the basis of 1h nmr and mass spectroscopy. these compounds were tested in vitro against pathogenic fungi, namely, sclerotium rolfsii saccardo, rhizoctonia bataticola (taub.) butler, pythium aphanidermatum (edson) fitz., macrophomina phaseolina (tassi), pythium debaryanum (hesse), and rhizoctonia solani nees. lower homologues were less effective, whereas compounds such as 4-methyl-6-butyl-alpha-pyrone, 4-methyl-6-pen ... | 2006 | 16536586 |
| production of scleroglucan from sclerotium rolfsii mtcc 2156. | scleroglucan, a neutral homopolysaccaride consisting of a linear chain of beta-d-(1-3)-glucopyranosyl and beta-d-(1-6)-glucopyranosyl groups, was produced by pure culture fermentation from sclerotium rolfsii mtcc 2156 by submerged culture. fermentation process was optimized in two steps. in the first step, one-factor-at-a-time method was used to investigate the effects of medium constituents such as carbon and nitrogen sources. in the second step, concentration of medium components was optimized ... | 2006 | 16026982 |
| sclerotial metamorphosis in filamentous fungi is induced by oxidative stress. | sclerotium-forming filamentous fungi are of great agricultural and biological interest because they can be viewed as models of simple metamorphosis. they differentiate by asexually producing sclerotia but the processes involved in sclerotial metamorphosis were poorly understood. in 1997, it was shown for the first time that the sclerotial differentiation state in sclerotium rolfsii concurred with increasing levels of lipid peroxides. this finding prompted the development of a theory supporting t ... | 2006 | 21672779 |
| camp signalling is involved in growth, germination, mycoparasitism and secondary metabolism in trichoderma virens. | an adenylate-cyclase-encoding gene, tac1, of trichoderma virens, a soil fungus used in the biocontrol of plant pathogens, has been cloned and sequenced. the tac1 orf spanned 7032 bp, encoding a protein of 2153 aa, which shared an identity of 65 % with the adenylate cyclase of colletotrichum lagenarium. deletion of tac1, through double-crossover homologous recombination, lowered the intracellular camp levels to below the detection limit. the mutants showed only 5-6 % of the wild-type growth rate ... | 2007 | 17526831 |
| new developments and prospective applications for beta (1,3) glucans. | publications and patents relative to newly observed functions of beta-(1,3)-d-glucans have notably increased in the last few years with the exploitation of their biological activities. the term beta-(1,3)-d-glucans includes a very large number of polysaccharides from bacterial, fungal and vegetable sources. their structures have a common backbone of beta-(1,3) linked glucopyranosyl residues but the polysaccharidic chain can be beta-(1,6) branched with glucose or integrate some beta-(1,4) linked ... | 2007 | 19075833 |
| combination of synthetic and natural products as pesticides (csynap): a new class of antifungal agents. | in the present communication some dehydrated dialdol products such as 1, 5 - diphenyl pent - 1, 4 - diene - 3 - one (a1); 1, 9 - diphenylnon - 1, 3, 6, 8 - tetraene - 5 - one (a2); 1, 5 - di (2 - hydroxyphenyl) pent - 1, 4 - diene - 3 - one (a3); 1, 5 - difuran pent - 1, 4 - diene - 3 - one (a4); 1, 5 - di [4 - bis (n, ndimethyl) phenyl] pent - 1, 4 - diene - 3 - one (a5) were screened for their antifungal activity. to reduce their adverse effect on the environment, for the first time, we have a ... | 2007 | 21469500 |
| molecular cloning, characterization, and expression of a chitinase from the entomopathogenic fungus paecilomyces javanicus. | paecilomyces javanicus is an entomopathogenic fungus of coleopteran and lepidopteran insects. here we report on cloning, characterization, and expression patterns of a chitinase from p. javanicus. a strong chitinase activity was detected in p. javanicus cultures added to chitin. the full-length cdna, designated pjchi-1, was cloned from mycelia by using both degenerate primer/reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) amplification and 5'-/3'-race extension. the 1.18-kb cdna gene co ... | 2007 | 17551789 |
| sclerotium rolfsii scleroglucan: the promising behavior of a natural polysaccharide as a drug delivery vehicle, suspension stabilizer and emulsifier. | gel matrices of scleroglucans from sclerotium rolfsii atcc 201126 (eps i and eps ii, from 48-h and 72-h fermentations, respectively) were evaluated on their release kinetics of theophylline (th). equivalent polymer (2%, w/w) and th (0.2%, w/w) concentrations showed almost coincident drug release patterns, independently of polymer molecular weight or the microstructural properties of gel matrices. dynamic rheological studies of scleroglucan hydrogel structures (storage, g', and loss, g'', moduli) ... | 2007 | 17586039 |
| fungitoxicity of lyophilized and spray-dried garlic extracts. | among the compounds discussed for anti-microbial and anti-fungal use allicin (allylthiosulfinate, diallyl disulfide-s-monoxide), an active ingredient of garlic, has attracted considerable attention. the objective of this study is to determine the antifungal activity of a local garlic ecotype (voghiera) extracts against different pathogens. primary screening was carried out by the agar plates technique using ethanol garlic extract at four final concentrations against the following organisms: alte ... | 2007 | 17763036 |
| evaluation of chenopodium ambrosioides oil as a potential source of antifungal, antiaflatoxigenic and antioxidant activity. | essential oil extracted from the leaves of chenopodium ambrosioides linn. (chenopodiaceae) was tested against the aflatoxigenic strain of test fungus aspergillus flavus link. the oil completely inhibited the mycelial growth at 100 microg/ml. the oil exhibited broad fungitoxic spectrum against aspergillus niger, aspergillus fumigatus, botryodiplodia theobromae, fusarium oxysporum, sclerotium rolfsii, macrophomina phaseolina, cladosporium cladosporioides, helminthosporium oryzae and pythium debary ... | 2007 | 17174000 |
| structural basis for the carbohydrate recognition of the sclerotium rolfsii lectin. | the crystal structure of a novel fungal lectin from sclerotium rolfsii (srl) in its free form and in complex with n-acetyl-d-galactosamine (galnac) and n-acetyl- d -glucosamine (glcnac) has been determined at 1.1 a, 2.0 a, and 1.7 a resolution, respectively. the protein structure is composed of two beta-sheets, which consist of four and six beta-strands, connected by two alpha-helices. sequence and structural comparisons reveal that srl is the third member of a newly identified family of fungal ... | 2007 | 17391699 |
| enhanced production of scleroglucan by sclerotium rolfsii mtcc 2156 by use of metabolic precursors. | the aim of this work was to study the effect of addition of different amino acids and sugar nucleotides as metabolic precursors on the production of scleroglucan. a maximum yield of 20.00 g/l and 22.32 g/l was obtained with optimized media supplemented with l-lysine (1.1 mm) and uridine mono-phosphate (ump), respectively as compared to 16.52 g/l scleroglucan achieved with the control in the absence of metabolic precursors. | 2007 | 16806909 |
| use of complex media for the production of scleroglucan by sclerotium rolfsii mtcc 2156. | submerged fermentation was carried out for the production of scleroglucan by sclerotium rolfsii mtcc 2156 using complex media, such as coconut water, sugarcane molasses and sugarcane juice at 28+/-2 degrees c and 180 rpm for 72 h. sugarcane juice gave maximum scleroglucan production of 23.87 g/l as compared to 12.58 and 18.45 g/l with coconut water and sugarcane molasses, respectively. utilization of these substrates would be ecologically sound and economically advantageous. | 2007 | 16822667 |
| thiol redox state and oxidative stress affect sclerotial differentiation of the phytopathogenic fungi sclerotium rolfsii and sclerotinia sclerotiorum. | to investigate the involvement of oxidative stress and thiol redox state (trs) in sclerotial differentiation of sclerotium rolfsii and sclerotinia sclerotiorum. | 2008 | 17850300 |
| x-ray sequence ambiguities of sclerotium rolfsii lectin resolved by mass spectrometry. | x-ray crystallography, although a powerful technique for determining the three-dimensional structure of proteins, poses inherent problems in assigning the primary structure in residues asp/asn and glu/gln since these cannot be distinguished decisively in the electron density maps. in our recently published x-ray crystal structure of the sclerotium rolfsii lectin (srl) at 1.1 a resolution, amino acid sequence was initially deduced from the electron density map and residues asp/asn and glu/gln wer ... | 2008 | 18163177 |
| agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of taro (colocasia esculenta (l.) schott) with a rice chitinase gene for improved tolerance to a fungal pathogen sclerotium rolfsii. | taro (colocasia esculenta) is one of the most important crops in the pacific islands, however, taro yields have been declining in hawaii over the past 30 years partly due to diseases caused by oomycete and fungal pathogens. in this study, an efficient agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method for taro is first reported. in total, approximately 200 pieces (8 g) of embryogenic calluses were infected with the super-virulent a. tumefaciens strain eha105 harboring the plant transformat ... | 2008 | 18301900 |
| a thermostable chitinase with chitin-binding activity from phaseolus limensis. | a 28.6-kda chitinase with chitin-binding activity was isolated from the large lima bean (phaseolus limensis) seeds. the procedure entailed extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel, and high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) on sp-toyopearl. there was an almost 108-fold increase in specific activity of the purified chitinase compared with that of the crude extract. the enzyme exhibited a pi of 7.8 by isoelectric focusing electrophoresis. the ... | 2008 | 18782228 |
| fungistatic activity of iron-free bovin lactoferrin against several fungal plant pathogens and antagonists. | lactoferrin (lf) is a member of the transferrin family of iron-binding glycoproteins. it is also a multifunctional protein of 80 kda that is synthesized by glandular epithelial cells and secreted into mucosal fluid. high levels of lf are present in colostrom and milk and low levels in tears, saliva, and gastrointestinal and reproductive secretions. data regarding the antifungal effects of lf are limited. studies have been performed on candida albicans, which demonstrated that lf inhibits the gro ... | 2008 | 18629710 |
| identification and investigation on antagonistic effect of trichoderma spp. on tea seedlings white foot and root rot (sclerotium rolfsii sacc.) in vitro condition. | the aim of this two years research work is to recognize bio control agents and its antagonistic efficiency on sclerotium rolfsii in vitro condition. sclerotium rolfsii sacc. is a causal agent of white foot and root rot disease in many plants. this fungi causing damage in tea nurseries of tea cultivated countries especially in iran. due to importance this disease in tea nurseries of iran and impossibility using of chemical control against this damaging agent in this research, five species of tric ... | 2008 | 19137869 |
| toxic and signalling effects of oxalic acid: oxalic acid-natural born killer or natural born protector? | oxalic acid is thought to be a key factor of the early pathogenic stage in a wide range of necrotrophic fungi. we have recently published that oxalic acid induces programmed cell death (pcd) in arabidopsis thaliana cells. this cell death results from an early anionic efflux which is a prerequisite for the synthesis of ethylene and the pcd. complementary experiments have been carried out by using seedlings of a. thaliana. the effects of millimolar concentrations of oxalic acid were analysed on a. ... | 2008 | 19704845 |
| production of lactose-free galacto-oligosaccharide mixtures: comparison of two cellobiose dehydrogenases for the selective oxidation of lactose to lactobionic acid. | galacto-oligosaccharides, complex mixtures of various sugars, are produced by transgalactosylation from lactose using beta-galactosidase and are of great interest for food and feed applications because of their prebiotic properties. most galacto-oligosaccharide preparations currently available in the market contain a significant amount of monosaccharides and lactose. the mixture of galacto-oligosaccharides (galos) in this study produced from lactose using recombinant beta-galactosidase from lact ... | 2008 | 18353295 |
| thiol redox state and related enzymes in sclerotium-forming filamentous phytopathogenic fungi. | thiol redox state (trs) reduced and oxidized components form profiles characteristic of each of the four main types of differentiation in the sclerotiogenic phytopathogenic fungi: loose, terminal, lateral-chained, and lateral-simple, represented by rhizoctonia solani, sclerotinia sclerotiorum, sclerotium rolfsii, and sclerotinia minor, respectively. a common feature of these fungi is that as their undifferentiated mycelium enters the differentiated state, it is accompanied by a decrease in the l ... | 2008 | 18400483 |
| antifungal potential of extracellular metabolites produced by streptomyces hygroscopicus against phytopathogenic fungi. | indigenous actinomycetes isolated from rhizosphere soils were assessed for in vitro antagonism against colletotrichum gloeosporioides and sclerotium rolfsii. a potent antagonist against both plant pathogenic fungi, designated sra14, was selected and identified as streptomyces hygroscopicus. the strain sra14 highly produced extracellular chitinase and beta-1,3-glucanase during the exponential and late exponential phases, respectively. culture filtrates collected from the exponential and stationar ... | 2008 | 18825279 |
| spectral and thermal studies with anti-fungal aspects of some organotin(iv) complexes with nitrogen and sulphur donor ligands derived from 2-phenylethylamine. | some complexes of 2-phenylethyl dithiocarbamate, thiohydrazides and thiodiamines with dibenzyltin(iv) chloride, tribenzyltin(iv) chloride and di(para-chlorobenzyl)tin(iv) dichloride have been synthesized and investigated in 1:2 and 1:1 molar ratio. the dithiocarbamate ligand act as monoanionic bidentate and thiohydrazide, thiodiamines act as neutral bidentate ligand. the synthesized complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis and molecular weight determination studies and their bondi ... | 2008 | 18337163 |
| analysis of gene expression profiles in leaf tissues of cultivated peanuts and development of est-ssr markers and gene discovery. | peanut is vulnerable to a range of foliar diseases such as spotted wilt caused by tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv), early (cercospora arachidicola) and late (cercosporidium personatum) leaf spots, southern stem rot (sclerotium rolfsii), and sclerotinia blight (sclerotinia minor). in this study, we report the generation of 17,376 peanut expressed sequence tags (ests) from leaf tissues of a peanut cultivar (tifrunner, resistant to tswv and leaf spots) and a breeding line (gt-c20, susceptible to ts ... | 2009 | 19584933 |
| schiff bases as potential fungicides and nitrification inhibitors. | a number of substituted schiff bases were synthesized and characterized by (1)h nmr and mass spectrometry. these compounds were screened for antifungal activity in vitro against pathogenic fungi, namely, sclerotium rolfsii and rhizoctonia bataticola, and for their effect on nitrification inhibition under laboratory conditions. maximum antifungal activity was exhibited by (2,4-dichlorobenzylidene)-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)-amine and (3-nitrobenzylidene)-(2,4,5-trichlorophenyl)-amine against both fu ... | 2009 | 19702271 |
| in vitro and in vivo antagonism of actinomycetes isolated from moroccan rhizospherical soils against sclerotium rolfsii: a causal agent of root rot on sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.). | to evaluate the ability of the isolated actinomycetes to inhibit in vitro plant pathogenic fungi and the efficacy of promising antagonistic isolates to reduce in vivo the incidence of root rot induced by sclerotium rolfsii on sugar beet. | 2009 | 19302305 |
| effect of continuous olive mill wastewater applications, in the presence and absence of nitrogen fertilization, on the structure of rhizosphere-soil fungal communities. | olive mill wastewater (omw) is rich in potentially toxic organics precluding its disposal into water receptors. however, land application of diluted omw may result in safe disposal and fertilization. in order to investigate the effects of omw on the structure of soil fungal groups, omw was applied daily to pepper plants growing in a loamy sand and a sandy loam at two doses for a period of 3 months (total omw equivalents 900 and 1800 m(3) ha(-1)). nitrogen (n) fertilization alleviated n scarcity ... | 2009 | 19799632 |
| biocontrol potential of soybean bacterial endophytes against charcoal rot fungus, rhizoctonia bataticola. | a total of 137 bacterial isolates from surface sterilized root, stem, and nodule tissues of soybean were screened for their antifungal activity against major phytopathogens like rhizoctonia bataticola, macrophomina phaseolina, fusarium udam, and sclerotium rolfsii. nine bacterial endophytes suppressed the pathogens under in vitro plate assay. these were characterized biochemically and identified at the genus level based on their partial sequence analysis of 16s rdna. eight of the isolates belong ... | 2009 | 19067044 |
| short chain regioselectively hydrolyzed scleroglucans induce maturation of porcine dendritic cells. | branched beta-1,3/1,6-glucans (scleroglucan) were produced by cultivation of sclerotium rolfsii atcc 15205. regioselective hydrolysis at the beta-1,3-linkage of the cell-free and purified polysaccharide was performed in borosilicate glass bottles at ph 5, 121 degrees c, and 1 bar for 72 h. the mixture was divided into four molar mass fractions by stepwise cross-flow filtration using different cutoffs. in vitro studies revealed that scleroglucan hydrolysates with a low molar mass of less than 5 k ... | 2009 | 19107473 |
| synthesis, spectral, thermal and anti-fungal studies of organotin(iv) thiohydrazone complexes. | the reaction of tribenzyltin(iv) chloride and di(para-chlorobenzyl)tin(iv) dichloride with thiohydrazones derived by condensation of 2-phenylethyl n-thiohydrazide with benzaldehyde, salicaldehyde, p-methylacetophenone and cinnamaldehyde have been investigated in 1:1 molar ratio. these ligands act as neutral, bidentate species and coordinate to the central tin (iv) atom through the thiosulphur and azomethine nitrogen. the newly synthesized complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis a ... | 2009 | 19162535 |
| synthesis and pesticidal activity of new n-alkyl-n-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl]amines. | a series of novel n-alkyl-n-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl]amines were synthesized as potential new agents to control pests. their structures were confirmed on the basis of ir, nmr and elemental analyses. six new n-alkyl-n-[1-(2-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl]amines were prepared by reduction of corresponding schiff bases using sodium borohydride in 80-87 % yields. these compounds were tested for their antifungal activity against two pathogenic fungi viz., rhizoctonia bataticola itcc 0482 and sclerotium rolfs ... | 2009 | 19365749 |
| induce systemic resistance in lupine against root rot diseases. | root rot caused by soil borne pathogenic fungi is the most sever disease attacks lupine plants. isolation trials from diseased plants in some areas of dakahlia province (egypt) was carried out. rhizoctonia solani and fusarium solani proved to be the most dominant isolates. meanwhile, fusarium oxysporum and sclerotium rolfsii were less frequent. efficacies of some plant resistance elicitors viz.: chitosan (chi), salicylic acid (sa) and hydroquinone (hq) in comparing to the fungicide rhizolex t-50 ... | 2009 | 19579949 |
| effect of beta-glucans on an etec infection in piglets. | the effect of orally administered beta-glucans in protecting pigs against an etec infection after weaning was analysed in this study. three beta-glucans that differed in origin (saccharomyces cerevisiae (mcg (macrogard) and g2) or sclerotium rolfsii (g3)) and/or extraction procedure were tested. pigs fed for 2 weeks after weaning with these glucans were less susceptible to an f4+ etec infection in comparison with the control group. this was evidenced by a reduction in the faecal excretion of f4+ ... | 2009 | 19046775 |
| structural stability of sclerotium rolfsii atcc 201126 beta-glucan with fermentation time: a chemical, infrared spectroscopic and enzymatic approach. | sclerotium rolfsii atcc 201126 exopolysaccharides (epss) recovered at 48 h (eps i) and 72 h (eps ii) of fermentation, with differences in rheological parameters, hydrogel topography, salt tolerance, antisyneresis, emulsifying and suspending properties, were subjected to a polyphasic characterization in order to detect structural divergences. | 2009 | 19054236 |
| effect of the new pyrazole carboxamide fungicide penthiopyrad on late leaf spot and stem rot of peanut. | management of early leaf spot (cercospora arachidicola hori.), late leaf spot [cercosporidium personatum (berk. & ma curtis) deighton] and stem rot (sclerotium rolfsii sacc.) of peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) in the southeastern usa is heavily dependent upon sterol biosynthesis inhibitor (sbi) and quinone outside inhibitor (qoi) fungicides. effective new fungicides with different modes of action could improve overall disease control and extend the utility of the current fungicides. penthiopryad is ... | 2009 | 18785218 |
| polygalacturonase inhibitor protein from fruits of anthracnose resistant and susceptible varieties of chilli (capsicum annuum l). | chilli fruit is highly susceptible to anthracnose infection at the stage of harvest maturity, due to which the fruit yield in the leading commercial variety byadgi is severely affected. field studies on screening of several varieties for resistance to anthracnose have shown that a variety of chilli ar-4/99k is resistant to anthracnose infection. in many crops, resistance to fungal attack has been correlated with pgip activity in developing fruits based on which transgenic varieties have been dev ... | 2010 | 21174952 |
| endophytic bacteria from ocimum sanctum and their yield enhancing capabilities. | endophytes are beneficial microbes that reside intercellularly inside the plants. interaction of endophytes with the host plants and their function within their host are important to address ecological relevance of endophyte. four endophytic bacteria os-9, os-10, os-11, and os-12 were isolated from healthy leaves of ocimum sanctum. these isolated microbes were screened in dual culture against various phytopathogenic fungi viz. rhizoctonia solani, sclerotium rolfsii, fusarium solani, alternaria s ... | 2010 | 19826860 |
| application of gamma irradiation in ginseng for both photodegradation of pesticide pentachloronitrobenzene and microbial decontamination. | this study investigates the feasibility of using gamma irradiation for photodegradation of a common residual fungicide, pentachloronitrobenzene (pcnb), in ginseng, and for microbial decontamination. american ginseng, panax quinquefolius, was subjected to gamma irradiation. pcnb residues were analyzed by gas chromatography with electron capture detection and mass spectrometry. eighty percent of pcnb (100 ppm) in a methanol aqueous solution was degraded by 5 kgy irradiation, and the primary degrad ... | 2010 | 19959285 |
| synthesis of nalidixic acid based hydrazones as novel pesticides. | thirty-one substituted hydrazones of nalidixic acid hydrazide were synthesized and characterized by spectral techniques. these compounds were evaluated for various biological activities, namely, fungicidal, insecticidal, and nitrification inhibitory activities. the antifungal activity was evaluated against five pathogenic fungi, namely, rhizoctonia bataticola , sclerotium rolfsii , rhizoctonia solani , fusarium oxysporum , and alternaria porii . they showed maximum inihibition against a. porii w ... | 2010 | 20131903 |
| microwave synthesis and antifungal evaluations of some chalcones and their derived diaryl-cyclohexenones. | microwave irradiation (mwi) of acetophenones and substituted benzaldehydes in water resulted in a "green-chemistry" procedure for the preparation of chalcones (1-14), through base catalyzed claisen-schmidt condensation reaction, in good yields. further 3,5-diaryl-6-carbethoxy-2-cyclohexen-1-ones (1a-14a) were prepared through base catalyzed cyclocondensation of above chalcones with ethylacetoacetate using mwi as the energy source and silica as support. out of fourteen cyclohexenones, ten (1a, 4a ... | 2010 | 20574873 |