Publications

2,5-dichlorophenol (from ingested herbicide?) in defensive secretion of grasshopper.	the defensive froth emitted by the grasshopper romalea microptera contains several odorous compounds (phenols, terpenes, benzoquinone), including a chlorinated aromatic compound, 2,5-dichlorophenol. this compound, which is repellent to ants and therefore defensively useful to the grasshopper, probably stems from herbicide or herbicide derivative ingested by the insect with its diet. although there is precedent for the defensive employ by one species of chemical agents produced by another, no ins ...	1971	5548709
manipulatory learning in ants.		1971	5554181
[migration of metacercariae of the lauceolate trematode in ants].		1971	5564478
the presence of protease activity in the rectal fluid of primitive attine ants.		1971	5097113
resistance potential of certain breeds of domestic fowl exposed to raillietina tetragona infections. 3. species of ants as intermediate hosts for certain fowl cestodes.		1971	5102472
[electron microscope studies of lung differentiation of rats ants and post partum].		1971	5131224
[variations in antennal segments among various species of ants].		1971	5165390
[intraspecific and interspecific variations in the antennas of ants].		1971	5169463
fire ants defended.		1971	4927744
[epizootiological significance of ants in dicrocoeliasis].		1971	4256811
one case of dicrocoeliidae infection.	a 25 years old sergeant of dicrocoeliidae infection was studied. this patient was not a spurious infection case and diagnosis was based on rocovery of the characteristic eggs consistently in the feces for 2 month. this case had no history of ingestion of ingestion of ants, land snail of grasshopper. in this case with complaints of flatulence, nausea, loss of appetite and dizziness, physical examination reveald no pathological findings except pale cornea. liver function tests were observed to be ...	1971	12913617
defense of phalangid: liquid repellent administered by leg dabbing.	the phalangid vonones sayi has a pair of exocrine defensive glands that secrete quinones (2,3-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone and 2,3,5-trimethyl-1,4- benzoquinone). when distributed, the animal emits the secretion, dilutes it with aqueous regurgitated fluid, and effects dosaged delivery of the mixture by brushing it on the assailant with the tips of its forelegs. predators such as ants are effectively repelled.	1971	17833110
[the fine structure of the complex eye of the ant formica polyctena (hymenoptera, formicidae)].		1972	4337735
[antennal system in ants. i. hostology and ultrastructure of the deutocerebron of camponotus vagus (formicinae) and mesoponera caffraia (ponerinae); comparative study].		1972	4343984
yeasts of the genus debaryomyces klöck in the nests of ants of the group formica rufa l.		1972	4668841
karyological studies of japanese ants (hymenoptera, formicidae). 3. karyotypes of nine species in ponerinae, formicinae, and myrmicinae.		1972	4557756
[trial of sevin against crematogaster subdentata mayr ants].		1972	4626738
[preliminary note on the ontogenesis of nest care behavior in young brown ants (formica polyctena först): role of a probable imprinting mechanism].		1972	4630951
the prompt detection of ionizing radiations by carpenter ants.		1972	4637910
[experience in the control of pharaoh ants in a large hospital].		1972	4639699
[visual fields of the central ommatidia in the compound eye of apis mellifica and cataglyphis bicolor (apidae, formicidae; hymenoptera)].		1972	5021012
[photoperiodic reactions in ants of the genus myramica (hymenoptera, formicidae)].		1972	5083489
[the habitats of the pharaoh's ants in the gdr].		1972	4666443
[the control of pharaoh's ants in hospitals].		1972	4125571
pharaoh's ants as pathogen vectors in hospitals.		1972	4110653
pharaoh's ants enter giving-sets.		1973	4120669
[attempts at eradication of monomorium pharanois ants in municipal objects].		1973	4122675
letter: pharaoh's ants.		1973	4128777
the physician and fire ants.		1973	4518016
[the control of pharaoh's ants in hospitals].		1973	4728593
[ultrastructure of johnston's organ of the ant camponotus vagus (hymenoptera, formicidae)].		1973	4730785
ethological studies on polycalic colonies of the ants formica exsecta nyl.	the members of a polycalic colony of formica exsecta freely walk over its various nests, while performing social functions. it seems that the external service in the species ceases to belong strictly to one nest and forms a supra-nest attachment. the probability of this relation is more credible in the light of the results of this research which disclosed a tendency to local migrations. for, both these ethological peculiarities require an inhibition of the attachment to the restricted habitat, w ...	1973	4747691
identification of mellein in the mandibular gland secretions of carpenter ants.		1973	4750917
isozyme genotype-environment associations in natural populations of the harvester ant, pogonomyrmex badius.	harvester ants (p. badius) were collected from 49 localities in the southeastern u.s. amylase and naphthylamidase activities were assayed by gel electrophoresis, and the frequencies of alleles controlling electrophoretic variation were calculated. soil samples were analyzed and plotted against allelic frequencies. climatographic and genetic data were analyzed by the method of principal components. statistically significant correlations were found to occur between the patterns of genetic variatio ...	1973	4769302
[cycle of dicrocoelium dendriticum (rudolphi, 1819) in limousin. ethology of ants parasited by the metacercaria].		1973	4787830
induced mating in formica ants (hymenoptera:formicidae).		1973	4791729
n-paraffins from japanese ants.		1973	4271612
alkylpyrazine alarm pheromones in ponerine ants.	the mandibular gland secretions of the ponerine ants odontomachus hastatus, o. clarus, and o. brunneus contain alkylpyrazines. these compounds, 2,5-dimethyl-3-isopentylpyrazine in o. hastatus and o. clarus, and 2,6-dimethyl-3-pentyl-, -butyl-, -propyl-, and -ethyl-pyrazines in o. brunneus, have previously not been found as animal natural products. these compounds function as powerful releasers of alarm behavior for odontomachus workers and are probably also utilized as defensive compounds.	1973	17832469
caste-specific compounds in male carpenter ants.	three caste-specific substances new to arthropod glandular secretions occur in the mandibular glands of male ants of five species in the genus camponotus. these volatile compounds, which are not found in alate females or workers, have been identified as methyl 6-methyl salicylate, 2,4-dimethyl-2-hexenoic acid, and methyl anthranilate. the free acid has not been described previously.	1973	17843767
pollination by ants: a low-energy system.	polygonum cascadense, a small, apparently self-incompatible, annual plant, is regularly cross-pollinated by the ant formica argentea. comparison of other purported ant-pollinated plants with traits favoring such pollination suggests that some, but not all, may be ant pollinated. ant-pollination interactions are characterized by low expenditure of energy by both ant and plant.	1974	17784231
home range orientation and territoriality in harvesting ants.	trunk trails, used by pogonomyrmex barbatus and p. rugosus during foraging and homing, have the effect of avoiding aggressive confrontations between neighboring colonies of the same species. they channel the mass of foragers of hostile neighboring nests into diverging directions, before each ant pursues its individual foraging exploration. this channeling subtly partitions the foraging grounds and allows a much denser nest spacing pattern than a foraging strategy without trunk trails, such as th ...	1974	16578722
[eradication of monomorium pharaonis ants with insecticides of polish production].		1974	4418873
effect of ants on soil.		1974	4432144
tandem calling: a new kind of signal in ant communication.	leptothorax acervorum, l. muscorum, and l. nylanderi recruit nest mates to a new food source by tandem running, with only one nest mate being recruited at a time. this technique is initiated by a special "tandem calling" behavior; the recruiter slants its gaster upward and discharges poison gland secretions from the extruded sting. nest mates are attracted, and as soon as one of them touches the calling ant, tandem running starts. further details of the full recruitment sequence are provided. ev ...	1974	4469698
[outdoor attempt at the control of house ants using the queen technic].		1974	4822403
effect of red forest ants on oak leaf-roller pupae in the conditions of the south-western ukraine.		1974	4825904
multivariate analysis of genetic variation.	multiple factor analysis was used to interpret geographical variation of gene frequencies. allelic frequencies at three loci (two esterase loci, esr and esh, and a malic dehydrogenase locus) from ants (pogonomyrmex barbatus) collected throughout texas and reported by johnsonet al. (1969) were reexamined for patterns of correlation with five environmental measurements: mean january temperature, mean july temperature, mean annual precipitation, elevation, and annual growing season. these measureme ...	1974	4833577
isolation, identification, synthesis and biological activity of volatile compounds from the heads of atta ants.		1974	4852600
letter: allergic reactions to insect bites and stings of fire ants.		1974	4852684
systemic reactions to stinging ants.		1974	4854598
brain catecholamines, spontaneous bioelectrical activity and aggressive behavior in ants (formica rufa).	the effects of dopamine (da), 1-dopa, diethyldithiocarbamate (ddtc) and haloperidol on aggressive behavior and spontaneous bioelectrical activity of the ant (formica rufa) were studied. drugs such as da, 1-dopa and ddtc increased mutual aggressivity in ants while it failed to change aggression directed towards other species of insects (e.g., the beetle geotrupes sp.). the amplitude of eeg waves and the amplitude of neuronal discharges within the protocerebrum decreased after administration of bo ...	1975	168591
influences of temperature and humidity on oxygen consumption of five chihuahuan desert ants.		1975	240580
cyclopentyl ketones: identification and function in azteca ants.	the anal gland secretions of dolichoderine ants in the genus azteca are fortified with cyclopentyl ketones. since these compounds, 2-methylcyclopentanone, cis-1-acetyl-2-methylcyclopentane, and 2-acetyl-3-methylcyclopentene, release sustained alarm behavior in ant workers, they constitute a new chemical class of insect pheromones. the ketones probably also function as defensive compounds and thus are part of the ants' alarm-defense system.	1975	1111099
polyzonimine: a novel terpenoid insect repellent produced by a milliped.	a nitrogen-containing terpene 6,6-dimethyl-2-azaspiro[4.4]non-1-ene (polyzonimine) was isolated from the defensive secretion of the milliped polyzonium rosalbum. polyzonimine, which is repellent to such natural enemies of the milliped as ants, acts as a topical irritant to insects (10-4 m induces scratching in cockroaches). its structure was confirmed by a five-step synthesis starting from 2,2-dimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane.	1975	1124395
[use of sulfur-35 for labelling ants and dicrocoelium lanceatum metacercariae].		1975	1146214
the imported fire ant: dimensions of the urban problem.	although the imported fire ant is a known rural problem, the problem it may pose to urban dwellers has not been documented. a telephone survey of 240 households selected by a probability sample of an upper middle class suburb of new orleans was carried out to ascertain the experiences of residents with fire ants from june to august 1973. overall, ant stings were reported for 29% of the study population, with sting rates of 55% among children under 10 years old. among those stung, at least minima ...	1975	1162427
gynandromorphism in the red imported fire ant, solenopsis invicta buren (hymenoptera: formicidae).		1975	1175547
low allozymic variability in formica ants.		1975	1184410
control of the imported fire ants with winter applications of microencapsulated mirex bait.		1975	1184822
[dynamic density and the behavior of ants].		1975	1189605
enemy specification in the alarm-recruitment system of an ant.	many kinds of ants use odor trails to recruit nestmates to food discoveries and new sites; minor workers of the myrmicine pheidole dentata also use them to recruit major workers ("soldiers") to the vicinity of intruders. this newly discovered alarm-recruitment system has proved to be narrowly specific. only fire ants and other members of the genus solenopsis, which include some of the potentially most dangerous enemies of pheidole, have been found to evoke the response when present as single sco ...	1975	1198097
[pathogenicity of entomophthora coronata cost. kervork. for the guadeloupe parasol-ant: acromyrmex octospinosus (formicidae, attini)].		1975	1211770
mass recruitment by army ants.	a single army ant (ecitoninae) can attract and direct scores of workers to prey by means of a chemical trial and momentary contact between the recruiter and workers on a raid column. recruited workers, in turn, attract more ants, resulting in a continuous stream of recruits. while the recruitment mechanism is basically similar, the speed and the number of ants recruited are greater form army ants than for other ants.	1975	1215991
[the arsenic baiting technic using rodex ant-killing varnish d1 in the control of pharaoh ants (monomorium pharaonis l.)--brief report].		1975	1226911
[new data on dicrocoelium hospes looss, 1907: anatomy of the adult and life cycle. preliminary paper (author's transl)].	the morphological and anatomical studies of dicrocoelium hospes looss, 1907, from togo set off several differences with dicrocoelium lanceolatum rudolphi, 1819: shape and dimensions of the body, shape and disposition of the testes, shape, dimensions and location of the vitellaria, structure of the uterus coils. the first intermediate host is found, they are three species of limicolaria, one of them being l. aurora. the cercaria is described, its chaetotaxy confirms the validity of species d. hos ...	1975	1227378
[attempt at the extermination of pharaoh ants using mutox].		1975	1229181
[annual activity cycle of ants parasited with dicrocoelium lanceolatum (rudolphi, 1819) metacercaria (author's transl)].	the object of this study is to predict the period of appearance and the amount of risk of fluke parasitism in limousin sheep flocks. a perfect knowledge of the ethology of ants parasited with metacercaria (definitive source of host infestation) is necessary. the particular behavior of these vector insects has been only little studied.	1975	1232905
preliminary investigation on the effects of mirex and its derivatives on adenosine triphosphatase activities from fire ants.		1975	127808
biology and control of imported fire ants.		1975	1090234
on the role of serotonin in aggressive behaviour of ants genus formica.	the object of our study was the investigation of the effects of aggressiveness on brain 5-ht concentration in ants genus formica. the brain concentrations of 5-ht in ants is relatively high. the results indicate that both isolation, interspecies aggressiveness and intraspecies aggressiveness were accompanied by the increased brain serotonin.	1975	1239749
aggressive behavior and brain serotonin and catecholamines in ants (formica rufa).	serotonin, adrenaline and noradrenaline were analyzed in brains of the ants, formica rufa. experiments demonstrated that concentrations of both serotonin and adrenaline were higher in ants that displayed aggressiveness (interspecific and intrageneric) while concentrations of noradrenaline was decreased.	1975	1237899
ethological studies in the ant tetramorium caespitum mayr. ii. interspecific relationships.	the structure of relationships between the neighboring species of ants is characterized by great variability. what happens when particular individuals meet - depends upon considerable differences between individual behaviors of ants and a number of variable factors determining the actual emotional state of the workers. from these factors, it is the general structure of forces between the nests that changes slowest, and may be responsible for reaching temporary stabilization of the interspecific ...	1975	1163309
ethological studies in the ant tetramorium caespitum mayr. i. foraging and building behavior.	carrying heavy objects is a common element in the foraging and building behavior of ants. the initial stages of this behavior, i.e., lifting and moving in t. caespitum displayed as stereotyped patterns of movement. these patterns do not improve as the ants become older and more experienced, which suggest their congenital nature. growing experience of ants is manifested in the later stages of the transportation of heavy objects, and especially in entering the correct opening of the nest with the ...	1975	1163308
pseudomyrmex nigropilosa: a parasite of a mutualism.	pseudomyrmex nigropilosa is a parasite ofthe ant-acacia mutualism in central america in that it harvests the resources of swollen-thorn acacias but does not protect the acacias. in the process, it also lowers the rate of occupation by the obligate acacia-ants, species of ants that do protect swollen-thorn acacias. tenancy ofan acacia by p. nigropilosa must be temporary, since the unoccupied plant is shortly killed by herbivores or competing plants, or is taken over by obligate acacia-ants. as ex ...	1975	17749814
tournaments and slavery in a desert ant.	many species of ants engage in physical fighting when territorial borders are challenged. in contrast, colonies of the honeypot ant species myrmecocystus mimicus conduct ritualized tournaments, in which hundreds of ants perform highly stereotyped display fights. opposing colonies summon their worker forces to the tournament area by means of an alarm-recruitment system. when one colony is considerably stronger than the other, the tournament quickly ends, and the weaker colony is raided and its an ...	1976	17817765
tool use in a social insect and its implications for competitive interactions.	four species of myrmicine ants, aphaenogaster rudis, a. treatae, a. tennesseensis, and a. fulva, use pieces of leaf, mud, and sand grains as tools to carry soft foods from distant sources to the colony. tools are tended on the food and removed by colony members without regard to which individual brought the tool. food is gathered more efficiently by tool use than by internal transport. tool-using behavior may increase the competitive ability of a. rudis in an interspecific dominance hierarchy.	1976	17734963
[evaluation of mirex for the control of pharaoh's ants].	the paper analyses the mode of action of the organic chlorine compound mirex in laboratory colonies of the pharaoh's ant monomorium pharaonis under the special view of practical use in control measures in comparison with the related insecticide chlordecone (kepone). similar to chlordecone the queens are very susceptible towards the action of mirex. according to the regression lines of the mortality the best concentrations for practical control measures are in the range of 0.1 to 1%, respectively ...	1976	1008292
imported fire ants: 10-5, an alternate formulation of mirex bait.		1976	956498
regional distribution of three ultrastructural retinula types in the retina of cataglyphis bicolor fabr. (formicidae, hymenoptera).	the retina of cataglyphis bicolor was investigated by electron microscopy. three types of structurally distinct retinulae were found and mapped throughout the compound eye: type i is composed of four unpigmented thin cells, four larger pigmented cells as well as a basal ninth cell. its rhabdom possesses a round cross section and four microvilli directions. this type occupies most of the dorsal two-thirds of the retina. type ii consists of two thin cells, two intermediate cells and four large cel ...	1976	954049
imported fire ant hypersensitivity. studies of human reactions to fire ant venom.	it is now apparent that venom and venom components of the hymenoptera superfamilies of apida (honeybee) and vespida (wasps, yellow jackets, and hornets) are becoming increasingly important in the diagnosis and treatment of hypersensitivity reactions. stings from fire ants (superfamily formicidae, family myrmicinae) have also been recognized as causes of systemic reactions in man. fire ant venom is unique in its composition, consisting mainly of alkaloids in aqueous suspension with only trace amo ...	1976	947974
[anomotaenia brevis (clerc, 1902) fuhrmann, 1908, cestoda cyclophyllidae, parasite of leptothorax nylanderi (forster), hymenopterous, formicidae (author's transl)].	cysticercoids recovered from hemocoele of the ant letothorax nylanderi are examinated by light and electron microscopy. this examination proves that the cestode is a dilepididae. the structure of the cysticercoids is the same that another dilepididae, anomotaenia constricta. the cysticercoids observed are those of a. brevis, parasite of three species of birds, dendrocopos major, d. minor and garrulus infaustus. the contamination of l. nylanderi by a. brevis occurs before metamorphosis of the ant ...	1976	984669
haploidploidy and the evolution of the social insect.	halminton (1) was apparently the first to appreciate that the synthesis of mendelian genetics with darwin's theory of natural selection had profound implications for social theory. in particular, insofar as almost all social behavior is either selfish or altruistic (or has such effects), genetical reasoning suggests that an individual's social behavior should be adjusted to his or her degree of relatedness, r, to all individuals affected by the behavior. we call this theory kinship theory. the s ...	1976	1108197
[effect of a farnesol derivative on the appearance of winged females in aphaenogaster senilis (hymenoptera, formicoidea)].		1976	817818
insect and mammalian pheromones.	novel organic chemicals, as well as many simple molecules, are used by insects as defensive materials. social insects (e.g., ants and bees) utilize alarm pheromones consisting of terpenes and other smaller organic compounds. moths and butterflies, as well as a few beetles, have been studied extensively for their sex attractants. since the initial structure proofs of civetone and muscone by ruzicka in 1926, little mammalian pheromone research has been published. recently, deer, antelope, hyena, s ...	1976	818456
[role of stimuli coming from the brood on the behavioral carrying of nymphs by workers of tapinoma erraticum (formicidae dolichoderinae)].	in a stress situation workers of the ant tapinoma erraticum carry the brood from one nesting place to another. this carrying activity is exhibited as soon as the animal is born. it gets more precise and steadier through stimulations that originate in the brood (odour or manipulation).	1976	821632
alkylpyrazine alarm pheromones in primitive ants with small colonial units.		1976	939082
proceedings: functional differences between individuals ants (cataglyphis bicolor fab.).		1976	957156
[kelevan used as poisoned nutrition in the destruction of pharaoh's ants (monomorium pharaonis l.)].		1976	981893
[pests at baltic sea coast. ii. summary of most important groups on insects besides coleoptera and diptera].	in the special holiday situations at the baltic coast of gdr, species of very different insect groups may become annoying to man. own experiences in this field are reported (excepting coleoptera and diptera). the earwig, forficula auricularia, has many varying aspects of a health pest (also in the respect of social hygiene). this species, too, may pinch painfully with his pincers. the lice species pediculus capitis and pthirus pubis are met with sometimes. limothrips cerealium may be annoying no ...	1976	984495
[the significance of house ants of species lasius (hymenoptera, formicidae) for human health and possibilities for their control].		1976	997644
[the effect and evaluation of boron compounds for the control of pharoah ants].		1976	997645
the foraging behavior of the ant myrmica laevinodis nyl.	the foraging territory is not divided among particular foragers, at least in the young, small families of m. laevinodis. the same individuals may be observed repeatedly only at the aphides over a period of several days, which may be explained by a transient memorizing of the source of attractive food. along with the faculty of these ants to inform their nestmates of the food source, a certain continuity in care of the aphides is ensured. various forms of behavior among particular foragers coming ...	1976	1007976
[the effect of chlordecone (kepone) on the laboratory colonies of the pharaoh's ant monomorium pharanois].	the control of the pharaoh's ant monomorium pharaonis is very difficult because of the social way of life in this insect pest. in regard to the reported good suppressing results of chlordecone we analyzed the mode of action in this compound at laboratory colonies of the pharaoh's ant. commercial gel and granular formulations as well as selfmade baits have been tested. the best results showed the granular bait on the basis of ground nut butter, while the effects of all of the others was much weak ...	1976	1267219
ant-aphid association: role of aphid alarm pheromone.	when attacked by predators, aphids secrete alarm pheromones that cause nearby aphids to disperse. ant-associated (myrmecophilous) aphid species disperse less readily than nonmyrmecophilous species. the ant formica subsericea responds to aphid alarm pheromone in a way that is beneficial to the aphid. these findings support our hypothesis that myrmecophilous aphids depend more on ants for protection from predators than on their own dispersive powers.	1976	1273595
the presence of chitinase in the digestive fluids of ants.		1976	3314
strikes, ants in the or, too many paper pushers.		1976	5653
[anatomic and histologic studies of a triatominae subfamily (heteroptera, reduviidae). triatoma infestans' brain and its nerves].	to give a concrete aspect of structure, topography and function of the different nervous systems of the triatominae, we begin this study with a description of the senso-motor system. as the first part we choose the study of the brain and its nerves. the external form of the brain is conditioned by the anatomy and morphology of the head. the brain is situated in the posterior part of the head beneath and behind the ocelli. it is characterized by the reduction of its longitudinal extension and, by ...	1976	45709
application of bathurin and borax in the biological control of monomorium pharaonis in housing estates.	of two apartment houses infested with ants of the species monomorium pharaonis, one was treated with a biological, the other with a chemical substance. in the first case we used bathurin in combination with borax at a concentration of 1.3% for both substances. in the first week, borax was added to the bait (minced beef), within the next three weeks, the bait was mixed with bathurin. the procedure was repeated 5 times. after this period, we achieved complete control of the ants on the infested pr ...	1976	62524
harvester ant sensitivity: in vitro and in vivo studies using whole body extracts and venom.	harvester ant stings by pogonomyrmex maricopa (pm) or pogonomyrmex rugosus (pr) resulted in serious reactions in 8 patients, 4 with generalized reactions and 1 with large local reactions. exposure to one species in the genus pogonomyrmex (p) appeared to cross-sensitize ant-sensitive patients to other species in the same genus as evidenced by skin testing and leukocyte histamine release, but these patients were less sensitive to extracts from other stinging hymenoptera, including bee, wasp, yello ...	1977	64481
medical implications: imported fire ants, solenopsis invicta.		1977	559570