Publications

[diagnostic test to identify human plasmodium species by the quantitative buffy coat test].	the quantitative buffy coat system (qbc test) was designed for rapid diagnosis of malaria by identifying the presence of hemoparasites. the main drawback of the technique is failure to identify the plasmodium species. the purpose of this study was to attempt to remedy this problem by studying the distribution of the parasites at the bottom of the test tube. indeed since the qbc test is based on gradient centrifugation of blood components, the distribution of the parasites in the test tube depend ...	1999	10701207
plasmodium ovale infections detected by pcr assay in lao pdr.	plasmodium ovate infection was demonstrated in 5 out of 143 inhabitants in a village in lao pdr by blood microscopy and pcr assay. although the specimen confirmed to be positive for p. ovale by microscopical examination was only one, the target sequences in the 18s rrna genes of malaria parasite detected in all of the five cases were consisted with those of p. ovale by the pcr assay. this is the first report concerning the presence of so many cases with p. ovale infection in lao pdr.	1999	10928349
malaria prevention in travelers.	the prevention of malaria in travelers is becoming a more challenging clinical and public health problem because of the global development of drug-resistant plasmodium strains of malaria and the increasing popularity of travel to exotic locales. travelers can reduce their risk of acquiring malaria by using bed netting, wearing proper clothing and applying an insect repellent that contains n,n-diethyl-meta-toluamide. chloroquine, once the standard agent for weekly malaria prophylaxis, is no longe ...	1999	10323359
plasmodium ovale malaria in delhi.	a case of ovale malaria in a child from delhi is reported. urban malaria ecotypes caused by p. ovale has never been seen before. characteristic morphological features of the parasite in stained blood film confirmed its identification.	1999	10798048
multispecies plasmodium infections of humans.	we analyzed point-prevalence data from 19 recent studies of human populations in which either plasmodium ovale or plasmodium vivax co-occur with plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium malariae. although the only statistical interactions among, sympatric congeners are pairwise, the frequencies of mixed-species infections relative to standard hypotheses of species sampling independence show no strong relation to overall malaria prevalence. the striking difference between the p. falciparum-p. malaria ...	1999	10207356
rare quadruple malaria infection in irian jaya indonesia.	we report an exceptional finding from a blood slide collected in a remote area in the western half of new guinea island (irian jaya province, indonesia). one adolescent patient was found patently coinfected with all 4 known human malaria species, plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium malariae, and plasmodium ovale. diagnostic erythrocytic stages of all 4 species were clearly seen in the peripheral blood. a nested polymerase chain reaction, using species-specific primer pairs to det ...	1999	10386460
imported tertian malaria resistant to primaquine.	in plasmodium vivax and plasmodium ovale malaria, some of the liver stage parasites remain dormant. the activation of these dormant forms (called hypnozoite) can give rise to relapse weeks, months or years after the initial infection. to prevent relapses, a course of primaquine may be given as terminal prophylaxis to patients. different strains of plasmodium vivax vary in their sensitivity to primaquine and, recently, cases of relapse of plasmodium vivax after this standard primaquine therapy we ...	1999	10461431
[rapid resolution of plasmodium ovale malarial attacks using artesunate (arsumax)].	this randomized, non-comparative clinical trial without placebo was carried out to assess the efficacy and tolerance of artesunate for treatment of acute plasmodium ovale malarial attacks. thirty cameroonese patients were included. all presented acute plasmodium ovale malarial attacks with parasitemia in excess of 500 asexual forms per mm3. four days after treatment with artesunate, all 30 patients were asymptomatic with no parasitemia. reduction rates were 93.9 p. 100 for asexual forms and 75.4 ...	1999	10472581
how prevalent are plasmodium ovale and p. malariae in east asia?	plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae, two of the four human malaria parasites, are usually found at very low prevalence in east asia, even in areas with intense malaria transmission. in this article, fumihiko kawamoto, qing liu, marcelo ferreira and indah tantular review data obtained in recent field surveys, using alternative diagnostic methods such as acridine orange staining and pcr-based methods, to evaluate the prevalence of these two malaria species in east asia. they argue that these ...	1999	10481157
usefulness of seminested multiplex pcr in surveillance of imported malaria in spain.	the use of a new pcr-based method for the diagnosis of malaria in the spanish malaria reference laboratory has promoted an increase in confirmed cases of malaria. from august 1997 to july 1998, a total of 192 whole-blood samples and 71 serum samples from 168 patients were received from the hospitals of the spanish national health system. most of the patients came from west-central african countries (85%). this molecular method showed more sensitivity and specificity than microscopy, detecting 12 ...	1999	10488189
"plasmodium ovale infection in delhi" published in indian journal of pediatrics jan-feb 1999; vol. 66 (1): 143-145.		1999	10798097
cloning and characterization of iron-containing superoxide dismutase from the human malaria species plasmodium ovale, p. malariae and p. vivax.	the iron-containing superoxide dismutase (fesod) gene from three human malaria species, namely plasmodium ovale, p. malariae and p. vivax, was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, cloned and then sequenced. comparisons of their deduced amino acid sequences with that of the fesod from p. falciparum revealed a very low polymorphism at the fesod locus in human malaria species. one p. ovale and the p. vivax fesod genes presented the same nucleotide sequence as that of the p. falciparum strain hb3 ...	1999	10599926
authors' reply to "plasmodium ovale infection".		2000	11262998
difficulties in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of imported malaria.	imported malaria is quite common in the united states. increasing antimalarial drug resistance and changes in travel patterns may have important implications for the prevention, clinical presentation, and management of this disease.	2000	10979063
[increase of malaria among migrants in amsterdam-zuidoost].	in a general practice in amsterdam southeast in 1998 a delayed first attack of plasmodium ovale infection was diagnosed in a 13-year-old girl from ghana, malaria tropica with a low parasitaemia index in a 43-year-old ghanaian man and a 8-year-old ghanaian girl, and plasmodium vivax infection in a 44-year-old surinam woman. the ghanaian patients had visited their native country, the surinam woman had contracted the infection during a visit to india. all patients responded well to antimalaria medi ...	2000	10674108
a study of the urban malaria transmission problem in khartoum.	a study of malaria prevalence and transmission was carried out in khartoum, the capital of sudan. the sentinel sites were el manshia, an urban area on the blue nile and ed dekheinat, a lower-income peri-urban area bordering the white nile. anopheles arabiensis, the only malaria vector encountered, was present throughout the year although vector density varied seasonally. plasmodium falciparum was the only species found in el manshia. in ed dekheinat p. falciparum, plasmodium ovale and plasmodium ...	2000	10708656
erythrocyte fy antigen phenotyping helps differentiate so-called benign tertian malarias.	isolated cases of malaria are increasing in frequency in nonendemic countries. blood film examination remains a mainstay of diagnosis of these sporadic cases because immunologic and molecular methods are unavailable, expensive, and problematic. two tertian malarial species, plasmodium vivax and plasmodium ovale, may appear to be similar morphologically. plasmodium ovale infection is infrequent, and misdiagnosis of this species is common. plasmodium vivax infection can be ruled out, however, if a ...	2000	10656744
parasitic procrastination: late-presenting ovale malaria and schistosomiasis.	a 29-year-old woman with ovale malaria (most likely contracted, together with asymptomatic schistosomiasis, in east africa two years previously) had fever, nausea and confusion, jaundice, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, hyponatraemia and hypokalaemia. she was initially diagnosed with and treated for blood-smear-positive vivax malaria. because of the unusual clinical presentation, blood was analysed by a malaria species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay which identified plasmodium ...	2001	11548081
presence of three distinct ookinete surface protein genes, pos25, pos28-1, and pos28-2, in plasmodium ovale.		2001	11295191
malaria epidemiological situation in italy and evaluation of malaria incidence in italian travelers.	malaria was endemic throughout the country until it was eradicated nearly 50 years ago. since then, mainly imported malaria cases have been reported to the national health service, with an increasing trend. the aim of this study was to present a detailed analysis of the current epidemiological situation of malaria in italy, and to make a first attempt to calculate the incidence of malaria in italian international travelers.	2001	11182603
detection of plasmodium ovale by the ict malaria p.f/p.v. immunochromatographic test.		2001	11700187
effect of primaquine standard dose (15 mg/day for 14 days) in the treatment of vivax malaria patients in thailand.	primaquine (8-aminoquinoline), the only effective drug to prevent relapses of the persistent liver forms of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium ovale, can induce hemolytic anemia in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) deficiency. the severity varies considerably among affected individuals. three hundred and sixty-four plasmodium vivax cases (342 g6pd-normal and 22 g6pd-deficient) were given a 3-day course of chloroquine (total dose 1,500 mg) followed by primaquine 15 mg a day for ...	2001	12041544
imported malaria treated in melbourne, australia: epidemiology and clinical features in 246 patients.	imported malaria is increasing in nonendemic countries, including australia. the objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology and clinical features of travelers with imported malaria presenting to a specialist infectious diseases hospital.	2001	11285166
[malaria in georgian republic].	due to the prevailing natural conditions, georgia is an endemic country for malaria. all types were widespread in the country, with the exception of plasmodium ovale malaria. a campaign of large-scale and comprehensive measures undertaken by the authorities lead to complete elimination of malaria as an indigenous disease in 1970.	2001	11548306
two types of plasmodium ovale defined by ssu rrna have distinct sequences for ookinete surface proteins.		2002	12106877
a retrospective examination of sporozoite-induced and trophozoite-induced infections with plasmodium ovale: development of parasitologic and clinical immunity during primary infection.	a retrospective analysis was made of clinical and parasitologic parameters in patients with induced plasmodium ovale infection to document the initial clinical and parasitologic response and their subsequent development of clinical and parasitologic immunity, and to determine the effect of previous homologous and heterologous malaria on subsequent infection with this parasite. the prepatent periods were relatively uniform. eight patients injected with sporozoites that had been stored frozen had ...	2002	12201582
wide distribution of plasmodium ovale in myanmar.	the presence of plasmodium ovale has never been previously reported in myanmar. using blood samples obtained in many villages across the country between 1996 and 2000, molecular diagnosis of plasmodium species was made with semi- or full-nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with species-specific primers, followed by agarose gel electrophoresis to detect amplification products. the presence of p. ovale was also confirmed with the another pcr-based diagnosis, the microtiterplate hybridization (m ...	2002	11903985
[imported malaria in children in 1999. study of the armand-trousseau hospital in paris].	eighty children were treated at the hospital armand-trousseau (paris, france) for a malaria attack from 1999-01-01 to 2000-02-01.	2002	11998422
[two cases of mixed infection of malaria diagnosed by pcr method].	we here reported two japanese cases of mixed infections of plasmodium species, whose dnas were detected using the pcr test. one case was a 31 year-old male, who presented fever and fatigue, and had a travel history to kenya, cameroon and indonesia. smear test of his peripheral blood found the presence of plasmodium vivax, while nested-pcr diagnosis detected the dnas both p. vivax and plasmodium malariae. the other was a 54 year-old female suffering from general fatigue. she had been treated with ...	2002	12212325
[current data on malaria in metropolitan france].	epidemiological data from the french national reference center for imported diseases showed that the estimated number of cases of imported malaria in france increased from 5,940 in 1998 to 7,127 in 1999 and 8,056 in 2000. this three-year progression ended in 2001 when the number of estimated cases fell back to 7,223. it was due mainly to the concomitant increase in the number of people traveling to endemic zones especially in africa. in 2000 the median age of patients with imported malaria in fr ...	2002	12244913
rapid immunochromatographic malarial antigen detection unreliable for detecting plasmodium malariae and plasmodium ovale.	in order to determine the reliability of two commercial tests for the rapid detection of plasmodial antigen in cases of infection with plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae, the products were evaluated in four centers and a search of the relevant literature was performed. the results of the present and previous studies were compared. with overall sensitivities ranging between 18.8% and 47.6% for plasmodium malariae and between 20% and 31.3% for plasmodium ovale, it is evident that neither tes ...	2002	12461593
plasmodium ovale malaria acquired in central spain.	we describe a case of locally acquired plasmodium ovale malaria in spain. the patient was a spanish woman who had never traveled out of spain and had no other risk factors for malaria. because patients with malaria may never have visited endemic areas, occasional transmission of malaria to european hosts is a diagnostic and clinical challenge.	2002	12498674
the assessment of antimalarial drug efficacy.	antimalarial drug efficacy in uncomplicated malaria should be assessed parasitologically in large, community-based trials, enrolling the age groups most affected by clinical disease. for rapidly eliminated drugs, a 28-day follow-up is needed, but, for slowly eliminated drugs, up to nine weeks could be required to document all recrudescences, and, when possible, the drug levels should also be measured. the who 14-day assessments are neither sensitive nor specific. in tropical plasmodium vivax and ...	2002	12377597
detection of imported malaria with the cell-dyn 4000 hematology analyzer.	the sensitivity and specificity of the cell-dyn 4000 hematology analyzer in the diagnosis of imported malaria were studied with samples from patients in an academic hospital setting. the performance of the cell-dyn 4000 hematology analyzer was compared with that of conventional diagnostic methods for malaria. the cell-dyn 4000 hematology analyzer detected hemozoin-containing depolarizing monocytes in 29 of 58 patients with malaria and 2 of 55 patients without malaria. the presence or absence of ...	2002	12454179
diagnostic criteria and risk factors for plasmodium ovale malaria.	plasmodium ovale is a common malaria parasite in africa, but the epidemiology of p. ovale malaria is poorly known. exposure to malaria, parasitemia, and morbidity were monitored for 6 years among the residents of a village in senegal. the relationship between the level of p. ovale parasitemia and fever risk were analyzed, and diagnostic criteria for clinical p. ovale malaria were established. then the relationships between the occurrence of p. ovale clinical malaria and a series of entomological ...	2002	12195357
transmission of mixed plasmodium species and plasmodium falciparum genotypes.	we studied malaria transmission by comparing parasite populations in humans and mosquito vectors at the household level. blood samples were collected from all inhabitants for microscopic detection of gametocytes and polymerase chain reaction analysis. the next morning, blood-fed resting mosquitoes were collected inside the bed nets used by the individuals surveyed the previous afternoon. after 8 days of maintenance, mosquitoes were dissected, and midguts and salivary glands were recovered for po ...	2003	12641406
epidemiology of highland malaria in western kenya.	to investigate the epidemiology of falciparum malaria in workers from a highland tea plantation in western kenya with very seasonally limited malaria transmission to determine what factors are associated with increased risk of malaria transmission in the kenyan highlands.	2003	16167741
malaria relapse and recrudescence among travellers to the tropics.	this study describes 14 cases of relapse and recrudescence of malaria, treated between 1991 and 2003. in that period, 146 patients were hospitalized in the clinic of the institute in gdynia: 20 women and 126 men. in 103 cases the disease was caused by plasmodium falciparum, in 31 cases by plasmodium vivax, in 5 cases by plasmodium malariae, and in 2 cases by plasmodium ovale. five patients were found to have mixed infections, with either p. falciparum and p. vivax or p. falciparum and p. ovale. ...	2003	14974782
use of a rapid, single-round, multiplex pcr to detect malarial parasites and identify the species present.	a new, rapid assay, based on a single-round, multiplex pcr, can be used to detect plasmodium falciparum, p. vivax, p. malariae or p. ovale in human blood. the pcr, which targets the conserved 18s small-subunit rna genes of the parasites, not only permits a malarial infection to be detected but also allows each plasmodium species present to be identified, even in cases of mixed infection.	2003	12803868
problems in the therapy for imported malaria in the united states.	errors in the diagnosis of imported malaria are increasingly recognized. however, there are few data on the treatment of malaria in the united states.	2003	14504115
procalcitonin serum levels in tertian malaria.	procalcitonin (pct) is closely correlated with parasite burden and clinical outcome in falciparum malaria. the role of pct in tertian malaria has not previously been investigated.	2003	14613513
external quality assessment schemes raise standards: evidence from the ukneqas parasitology subschemes.	the burden of parasitic disease imported into the temperate zone is increasing, and in the tropics remains very high. thus, high quality diagnostic parasitology services are needed, but to implement clinical governance a measure of quality of service is required.	2003	14645352
[triple malaria infection in twin sisters from the democratic republic of congo].	infections with 3 species of malaria parasites are rarely encountered and observed in less than 0.05% of cases. we came across such an infection in four year-old, monozygote twin sisters, coming from kinshasa (democratic republic of congo). in both of them, parasitemia was low or very low for p. falciparum and p. ovale and of 0.1-0.2% for p. malariae. the twin sisters presented with an iron deficiency anaemia, associated with an heterozygous sickle-cell anaemia and a moderate splenomegaly. the b ...	2003	12836524
automated detection of malaria-associated intraleucocytic haemozoin by cell-dyn cd4000 depolarization analysis.	laboratory tests for malaria are only performed if there is clinical suspicion of the disease, and a missed diagnosis contributes substantially to morbidity and mortality. malaria parasites produce haemozoin, which is able to depolarize light and this allows the automated detection of malaria during routine complete blood count analysis (cbc) with some abbott cell-dyn instruments. in this study, we evaluated the cell-dyn cd4000 with 831 blood samples submitted for malaria investigations. samples ...	2003	12641610
avoiding misdiagnosis of imported malaria: screening of emergency department samples with thrombocytopenia detects clinically unsuspected cases.	misdiagnosis of imported malaria is not uncommon and even abnormal routine laboratory tests may not trigger malaria smears. however, blind screening of all thrombocytopenic samples might be a possible way to detect clinically unsuspected malaria cases in the accident and emergency department (aed).	2003	12757689
cross-species regulation of plasmodium parasitemia in semi-immune children from papua new guinea.	malariologists have long been fascinated by the question of whether plasmodium spp. interact in the human host. the first genetic study of the longitudinal dynamics of multiple plasmodium spp. and genotypes in humans has been completed in papua new guinea, where all four plasmodium spp. that infect humans are present. the broad implications of the data from this study are covered here and they show that the total parasite density of plasmodium species oscillates around a threshold and that peaks ...	2003	12798085
plasmepsin 4, the food vacuole aspartic proteinase found in all plasmodium spp. infecting man.	plasmepsins are aspartic proteinases of the malaria parasite, and seven groups of plasmepsins have been identified by comparing genomic sequence data available for the genes encoding these enzymes from plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium knowlesi, plasmodium berghei, and plasmodium yoelii. the food vacuole plasmepsins typified by plasmepsin 4 from p. falciparum (pfpm4) constitute one of these groups. genes encoding the ortholog of pfpm4 have been cloned from plasmodium ovale, pla ...	2003	14550891
detection of four plasmodium species in blood from humans by 18s rrna gene subunit-based and species-specific real-time pcr assays.	there have been reports of increasing numbers of cases of malaria among migrants and travelers. although microscopic examination of blood smears remains the "gold standard" in diagnosis, this method suffers from insufficient sensitivity and requires considerable expertise. to improve diagnosis, a multiplex real-time pcr was developed. one set of generic primers targeting a highly conserved region of the 18s rrna gene of the genus plasmodium was designed; the primer set was polymorphic enough int ...	2004	15583293
molecular analysis of plasmodium ovale variants.	complete dna sequences of the small subunit ribosomal rna (ssurrna) gene and partial sequences of three other loci were obtained from three variant-type and three classic-type plasmodium ovale isolates from southeast asia and compared with genbank-available data. three different ssurrna sequences (pov 1-3) were found in each variant-type isolate, and two different ssurrna sequences (poc 1-2) in each classic-type isolate. pov 1-3 were closer to sequences previously found in the cameroon and mal/m ...	2004	15324543
evaluation of the realart malaria lc real-time pcr assay for malaria diagnosis.	pcr-based methods have advantages over traditional microscopic methods for the diagnosis of malaria, especially in cases of low parasitemia and mixed infections. however, current pcr-based assays are often labor-intensive and not readily quantifiable and have the potential for contamination due to a requirement for postamplification sample handling. real-time pcr can address these limitations. this study evaluated the performance characteristics of a commercial malaria real-time pcr assay (reala ...	2004	14766829
a systematic overview of published antimalarial drug trials.	systematic database searches identified 435 antimalarial drug treatment trials, involving 82,616 patients, conducted and published between 1966 and december 2002. of these trials 72% were randomised; 64 (15%) trials involved severe malaria, 47 (11%) studied plasmodium vivax, 3 plasmodium malariae or plasmodium ovale, and the remainder (74%) assessed treatment responses in uncomplicated falciparum malaria. twelve trials (2.7%) specifically evaluated antimalarial treatments in pregnant women. over ...	2004	14964805
evaluation of a new plate hybridization assay for the laboratory diagnosis of imported malaria in italy.	a new molecular diagnostic method "malaria-ibridogen" (amplimedical s.p.a.--bioline division, turin, italy) based on a plate-hybridization assay for the simultaneous detection and identification of human malaria parasites was evaluated in this study. a target dna sequence of the plasmodial 18s ribosomal rna gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and hybridized in microtiter wells with five biotinylated probes each specific for plasmodium falciparum, p. vivax, p. malariae, p. ovale ...	2004	15164627
recombinant expression and enzymatic subsite characterization of plasmepsin 4 from the four plasmodium species infecting man.	plasmepsin 4 from plasmodium falciparum and orthologs from plasmodium malariae, plasmodium ovale and plasmodium vivax have been expressed in recombinant form, and properties of the active site of each enzyme characterized by kinetic analysis. a panel of chromogenic peptide substrates systematically substituted at the p3, p2, p2' and p3' positions was used to estimate enzyme/ligand interactions in the corresponding enzyme subsites based upon kinetic data. the kinetic parameters kcat, km and kcat/ ...	2004	15287591
compensatory evolution in the human malaria parasite plasmodium ovale.	the fixation of neutral compensatory mutations in a population depends on the effective population size of the species, which can fluctuate dramatically within a few generations, the mutation rate, and the selection intensity associated with the individual mutations. we observe compensatory mutations and intermediate states in populations of the malaria parasite plasmodium ovale. the appearance of compensatory mutations and intermediate states in p. ovale raises interesting questions about popul ...	2004	15020451
[characteristics of malaria cases diagnosed in edirne province between 1994-2002].	in this study, the epidemiological characteristics of malaria cases in edirne province were investigated. between the years of 1994-2002, a total of 317,087 blood samples were collected from soldiers in the province with selective active surveillance and from the resident population with active or passive surveillance methods, by the medical staff of malaria control department and health centers, to search the presence of plasmodium. in 281 of them plasmodium spp. were detected, and the characte ...	2004	15293910
case report: plasmodium ovale infection acquired in malawi.	malaria due to plasmodium ovale is uncommon outside west africa. a 37-year-old male german who had returned from malawi four months previously presented in september 2003 because of fever recurring every two days. the patient had never been to west africa. microscopy of stained thick and thin blood films revealed p. ovale. this is the first report of a p. ovale infection acquired in malawi, east africa. malaria surveillance centres should monitor the possible emergence of autochtonous transmissi ...	2004	15485706
development of a real-time pcr assay for detection of plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, and plasmodium ovale for routine clinical diagnosis.	a taqman-based real-time pcr qualitative assay for the detection of three species of malaria parasites-plasmodium falciparum, p. ovale, and p. vivax-was devised and evaluated using 122 whole-blood samples from patients who had traveled to areas where malaria is endemic and who presented with malaria-like symptoms and fever. the assay was compared to conventional microscopy and to an established nested-pcr assay. the specificity of the new assay was confirmed by sequencing the pcr products from a ...	2004	15004078
large sequence heterogeneity of the small subunit ribosomal rna gene of plasmodium ovale in cambodia.	plasmodium ovale malaria has been reported in various countries in southeast asia, but never in cambodia. using a species-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeting the small subunit (ssu) ribosomal rna (rrna) gene, we detected p. ovale in nearly 4% of the inhabitants of a northeastern cambodian village. plasmodium ovale was associated with at least one other plasmodium species, and two quadruple infections were detected. the diagnosis was confirmed by microscopy and by ssu rrna pcr prod ...	2005	15964956
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in two returning operation iraqi freedom soldiers who developed hemolytic anemia while receiving primaquine prophylaxis for malaria.	use of antimalarial prophylaxis continues to be routine practice among military personnel returning from areas where malaria is endemic. primaquine may be used for terminal prophylaxis against plasmodium ovale and plasmodium vivax. serious complications of this regimen are infrequent. we report the occurrence of significant hemolytic anemia for two soldiers returning from operation iraqi freedom. they presented with dark urine, headaches, and classic laboratory findings of hemolysis. both soldie ...	2005	15916292
late relapse of plasmodium ovale malaria--philadelphia, pennsylvania, november 2004.	approximately 1,300 cases of malaria are reported each year in the united states; nearly all of these cases occur in travelers, many of whom fail to receive or adhere to prescribed chemoprophylaxis or do not follow recommendations for prevention of mosquito bites. malaria can persist if not treated or if treated incorrectly (e.g., with an ineffective drug or an incorrect dosage of an effective drug). early treatment is required to avoid severe illness or death. although malaria typically becomes ...	2005	16340939
evaluation of a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the diagnosis of malaria in patients from thailand.	we compared the diagnosis of malaria in 297 patients from thailand by a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay using the lightcycler with conventional microscopy using giemsa-stained thick and thin blood films. the pcr assay can be completed in one hour and has the potential to detect and identify four species of plasmodium in a single reaction by use of melting temperature curve analysis (however, we did not detect plasmodium ovale in this study). blood was collected, stored, and trans ...	2005	16282292
[malaria in the emergency room. results of the emergency treatment of 137 patients with symptomatic malaria].	to assess characteristics and outcome of emergency patients with acute malaria.	2005	15662580
[an imported case of mixed malaria caused by plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium ovale.]	malaria caused by plasmodium species is an important parasitic infection in turkey as in the rest of the world. malaria cases originating in our country are caused by p. vivax; those caused by other plasmodium spp. are imported cases. in this article, after work-related travel to cameroon, a patient who acquired specific clinical signs and symptoms of malaria has been evaluated. the major clinical findings of the patient were fever, chills and shaking. after examination of thin and thick blood s ...	2005	17160826
failure of primaquine therapy for the treatment of plasmodium ovale malaria.		2005	16231275
plasmodium (haemamoeba) cathemerium gene sequences for phylogenetic analysis of malaria parasites.	the dna sequence information on avian malaria parasites of the genus plasmodium is quite limited. at present, sequences of only 6 out of 34 valid species are available. however, sequence data of avian malaria parasites are particularly important with regard to the resolution of the phylogenetic relationships of the most virulent human malaria agent, plasmodium falciparum. the question as to whether p. falciparum originates from avian or from mammalian parasites would contribute to our understand ...	2005	15812672
targeting primaquine into liver using chylomicron emulsions for potential vivax malaria therapy.	primaquine (pq) exerts a broad spectrum of activities against various stages of parasitic malaria. it remains as the only drug that destroys late hepatic stages and latent tissue forms of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium ovale. however, systems that can target pq to liver hepatocytes, where malarial sporozoites reside, are needed to minimize the dose-limiting severe toxicities and side-effects caused by pq. recently, a reconstituted artificial chylomicron emulsion was generated using commercially ...	2005	16140485
malaria "epidemic" in quebec: diagnosis and response to imported malaria.	imported malaria is an increasing problem. the arrival of 224 african refugees presented the opportunity to investigate the diagnosis and management of imported malaria within the quebec health care system.	2005	15632404
ineffectiveness of the binax now malaria test for diagnosis of plasmodium ovale malaria.		2005	15695736
active-site specificity of digestive aspartic peptidases from the four species of plasmodium that infect humans using chromogenic combinatorial peptide libraries.	two targeted chromogenic octapeptide combinatorial libraries, comprised of 38 pools each containing 361 different peptides, were used to analyze the enzyme/substrate interactions of five plasmepsins. the first library (p1 library) was based on a good synthetic aspartic peptidase substrate [westling, j., cipullo, p., hung, s. h., saft, h., dame, j. b., and dunn, b. m. (1999) protein sci. 8, 2001-2009; scarborough, p. e., and dunn, b. m. (1994) protein eng. 7, 495-502] and had the sequence lys-pro ...	2005	15697202
epidemiology of malaria in new halfa, an irrigated area in eastern sudan.	a prospective study investigated the epidemiology of malaria in an agricultural area in eastern sudan from november 1999 to june 2000 (1 irrigation and 1 dry season). in monthly parasite surveys, 99/ 1539 blood films from 190 individuals were positive for malaria: 95% for plasmodium falciparum, 3% p. vivax and 2% p. ovale. the slide positive rate (spr) of malaria episodes ranged from 3.7% to 12.8% in different months of the survey, with a peak in january. there was no significant difference in s ...	2005	16602473
factors influencing the pattern of imported malaria.	data on imported malaria in industrialized areas are known to be incomplete because of underreporting and lack of homogeneity. these facts and the complexity of factors influencing the transmission of malaria render their interpretation difficult. the relevance of various factors is usually not fully considered, although their impact on recommendations for chemoprophylaxis may be important.	2005	15996451
plasmodium ovale: parasite and disease.	humans are infected by four recognized species of malaria parasites. the last of these to be recognized and described is plasmodium ovale. like the other malaria parasites of primates, this parasite is only transmitted via the bites of infected anopheles mosquitoes. the prepatent period in the human ranges from 12 to 20 days. some forms in the liver have delayed development, and relapse may occur after periods of up to 4 years after infection. the developmental cycle in the blood lasts approxima ...	2005	16020691
plasmodium species mixed infections in two areas of manhiça district, mozambique.	we compared the distribution patterns of individual plasmodium species and mixed-species infections in two geographically close endemic areas, but showing environmental differences. comparisons concerned circulating plasmodium infections in both human and mosquito vector populations in the dry and wet seasons, at a micro-epidemiological level (households). both areas revealed a very high overall prevalence of infection, all year-round and in all age groups. plasmodium falciparum was the predomin ...	2005	16094461
patterns of imported malaria at the academic medical center, amsterdam, the netherlands.	in the netherlands, cases of imported malaria peaked in the late 1990s to around 500 (60% plasmodium falciparum) annually. about 30% to 40% of all cases and 57% to 69% of the falciparum cases presented in the academic medical center, amsterdam. in 1991 to 1994, a shift in population groups to more semi-immune patients, mostly settled immigrants visiting friends and relatives (vfrs), was noticed, when compared to 1979 to 1988. this study shows the ongoing trend in 2000 to 2002.	2006	16412103
real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the rapid detection and characterization of chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria in returned travelers.	imported drug-resistant malaria is a growing problem in industrialized countries. rapid and accurate diagnosis is essential to prevent malaria-associated mortality in returned travelers. however, outside of a limited number of specialized centers, the microscopic diagnosis of malaria is slow, unreliable, and provides little information about drug resistance. molecular diagnostics have the potential to overcome these limitations.	2006	16447106
[malaria. primary symptoms: fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea].		2006	16523989
low autochtonous urban malaria in antananarivo (madagascar).	the study of urban malaria is an area undergoing rapid expansion, after many years of neglect. the problem of over-diagnosis of malaria, especially in low transmission settings including urban areas, is also receiving deserved attention. the primary objective of the present study was to assess the frequency of malaria among febrile outpatients seen in private and public primary care facilities of antananarivo. the second aim was to determine, among the diagnosed malaria cases, the contribution o ...	2006	16573843
stronger host response per parasitized erythrocyte in plasmodium vivax or ovale than in plasmodium falciparum malaria.	fever tends to start at a lower level of parasitemia in plasmodium vivax or ovale than in p. falciparum malaria, but hyperparasitemia and complications are more likely to occur in p. falciparum malaria. therefore, we compared the relationship between parasitemia and host response parameters before therapy in 97 patients with p. faciparum malaria (18 with complications), and 28 with p. vivax or ovale malaria.	2006	16772003
moderate transmission but high prevalence of malaria in madagascar.	malaria transmission remains poorly documented in areas of low transmission. a study has been carried out over two consecutive years in analamiranga, a village located at an altitude of 885m on the western edge of the malagasy highlands, with the aim of generating and updating malariometric indexes for both mosquitoes and schoolchildren. in this village, no vector control measures were performed during the study period nor during previous decades. mosquitoes were collected monthly when landing o ...	2006	16842796
detection and identification of human plasmodium species with real-time quantitative nucleic acid sequence-based amplification.	decisions concerning malaria treatment depend on species identification causing disease. microscopy is most frequently used, but at low parasitaemia (<20 parasites/mul) the technique becomes less sensitive and time consuming. rapid diagnostic tests based on plasmodium antigen detection do often not allow for species discrimination as microscopy does, but also become insensitive at <100 parasites/microl.	2006	17018138
[severe imported malaria. the experience of the military hospital of marrakech].	incidence of severe imported malaria increases with the multiplication of humanitarian and military missions in malarial endemic areas. the purpose of this study was to describe the demographic, clinical, therapeutic and outcome aspects of 9 cases which have been hospitalized in the intensive care unit and medecine service of the military hospital of marrakech, between january 2001 and december 2004. out of 68 patients admitted with symptomatic malaria during this period, 9 cases were considered ...	2006	17040884
space-time clustering of childhood malaria at the household level: a dynamic cohort in a mali village.	spatial and temporal heterogeneities in the risk of malaria have led the who to recommend fine-scale stratification of the epidemiological situation, making it possible to set up actions and clinical or basic researches targeting high-risk zones. before initiating such studies it is necessary to define local patterns of malaria transmission and infection (in time and in space) in order to facilitate selection of the appropriate study population and the intervention allocation. the aim of this st ...	2006	17118176
tertian malaria (plasmodium vivax and plasmodium ovale) in two travelers despite atovaquone-proguanil prophylaxis.	there is limited data regarding the efficacy of prophylaxis with atovaquone/proguanil (a/p) against non-falciparum malaria in travelers. two cases, one plasmodium vivax infection and another plasmodium ovale infection, in travelers despite a/p prophylaxis are presented.	2006	17107431
a case of imported plasmodium ovale malaria.	there have been reports in korea of imported malaria cases of four plasmodium species, but there has been no report of imported plasmodium ovale malaria confirmed by molecular biological methods. we report an imported case of that was confirmed by wright-giemsa-stained peripheral blood smear and nested polymerase chain reaction targeting the small subunit ribosomal rna gene. the amplified dna was sequenced and compared with other registered p. ovale isolates. the isolate in this study was a memb ...	2006	17043432
comparison of pcr and microscopy for the detection of asymptomatic malaria in a plasmodium falciparum/vivax endemic area in thailand.	the main objective of this study was to compare the performance of nested pcr with expert microscopy as a means of detecting plasmodium parasites during active malaria surveillance in western thailand.	2006	17169142
minor liver profile dysfunctions in plasmodium vivax, p. malaria and p. ovale patients and normalization after treatment.	liver function tests were performed in 61 vivax, 54 malariae and 15 ovale malaria patients who were admitted to bangkok hospital for tropical diseases between 2001 and 2004. the objective of the study was to evaluate changes in hepatic biochemical indices before and after treatment with artemisinin derivatives. on admission and prior to treatment, hepatic dysfunction was found among the 3 groups. serum liver function tests and physical examinations were performed weekly during the 28-day follow- ...	2006	17170571
plasmodium ovale--a case report from gujarat.		2006	17175709
outpatient treatment of malaria in recently arrived african migrants.	to describe the clinical features and management of african migrants recently arrived in western australia and subsequently diagnosed with malaria.	2006	17181500
[severe imported malaria: the experience of the avicenna military hospital of marrakech].	incidence of severe imported malaria increases with the multiplication of humanitarian and military missions in malarial endemic areas. the purpose of this study was to describe the demographic, clinical, therapeutic and outcome aspects of 9 cases which have been hospitalized in the intensive care unit and medecine service of the military hospital of marrakech, between january 2001 and december 2004. out of 68 patients admitted with symptomatic malaria during this period, 9 cases were considered ...	2006	17446159
plasmodium malariae and plasmodium ovale--the "bashful" malaria parasites.	although plasmodium malariae was first described as an infectious disease of humans by golgi in 1886 and plasmodium ovale identified by stevens in 1922, there are still large gaps in our knowledge of the importance of these infections as causes of malaria in different parts of the world. they have traditionally been thought of as mild illnesses that are caused by rare and, in case of p. ovale, short-lived parasites. however, recent advances in sensitive pcr diagnosis are causing a re-evaluation ...	2007	17459775
relapsing malaria infection in an adolescent following travel to mozambique.	infection with plasmodium ovale is uncommon in travelers. we describe a case of ovale malaria in a traveler to mozambique who initially presented several weeks after completion of his trip. species identification was ultimately achieved with a pcr-based diagnostic method.	2007	17574150
gametocytemia and fever in human malaria infections.	we examine the charts of 408 malaria-naive neurosyphilis patients given malaria therapy at the south carolina usphs facility, with daily records encompassing at least 93% of the duration of infection, and focus on the 152 patients infected with the st. elizabeth strain of plasmodium vivax, 82 with the mclendon strain of plasmodium filciparum, 36 with the usphs strain of plasmodium malariae, and 15 with the donaldson strain of plasmodium ovale in whom gametocytes appeared before drug, or other, i ...	2007	17626355
primaquine-induced differential gene expression analysis in mice liver using dna microarrays.	primaquine (pq), a clinically important derivative of 8-aminoquinoline used against the hepatic stages (hypnozoites) of plasmodium vivax and plasmodium ovale, was studied to evaluate and compare between mrna expression, and biochemical and histological parameters of hepatic stress in adult swiss mice (mus musculus). following single oral dose of pq (40 mg/kg, bw), alanine aminotransferase (alt) and aspartate aminotransferase (ast) along with hematoxylin and eosin stained liver sections did not s ...	2007	17686563
uk malaria treatment guidelines.	malaria is the tropical disease most commonly imported into the uk, with 1500-2000 cases reported each year, and 10-20 deaths. approximately three-quarters of reported malaria cases in the uk are caused by plasmodium falciparum, which is capable of invading a high proportion of red blood cells and rapidly leading to severe or life-threatening multi-organ disease. most non-falciparum malaria cases are caused by plasmodium vivax; a few cases are caused by the other two species of plasmodium: plasm ...	2007	17215045
malaria and pregnancy: the perspective in pakistan.	to study the effects of malaria on pregnancy outcome.	2007	17319413
recent patent reviews on small molecule-based antimalarial drugs.	malaria is the number one disease in the world responsible for 1-3 million deaths each year. the world wide number of malaria patients is estimated at 400 to 900 million. approximately one third of the world's population lives in malaria-endemic areas, including central and south america, asia, and africa. plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae are malaria parasites responsible for infecting humans. mosquitoes that carry malaria parasites have become re ...	2007	18221180
genetic polymorphisms influence plasmodium ovale pcr detection accuracy.	detection of plasmodium ovale by use of a nested pcr assay with a novel plasmodium ovale primer set was superior to detection of plasmodium ovale by real-time pcr assays. nested pcr was also better at detecting p. malariae. the detection of p. ovale in many patients first admitted >2 months following their return to italy indicated that p. ovale relapses are common.	2007	17360843
the diagnosis of malaria and identification of plasmodium species by polymerase chain reaction in turkey.	more than half of the world's population is exposed to malaria in approximately 100 countries. rapid diagnosis and correct treatment of cases are the main objectives of control programs in malaria endemic areas. we have developed a pcr method to determine the presence of plasmodium dna in blood. the method can also identify the species of the plasmodium by restriction enzyme analysis of the amplified product. we evaluated the performance of this method in the diagnosis of malaria suspected cases ...	2007	17434795
evaluation of the intra- and inter-specific genetic variability of plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase.	malaria diagnosis is vital to efficient control programmes and the recent advent of malaria rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) provides a reliable and simple diagnostic method. however a characterization of the efficiency of these tests and the proteins they detect is needed to maximize rdt sensitivity.	2007	17961215
apparent relapse of imported plasmodium ovale malaria in a pregnant woman.	a 27 week pregnant woman who had lived in bangkok, thailand, for 18 months presented to her obstetrician with a 1-week history of intermittent fever and malaise. medical history was significant for multiple episodes of malaria during her 10 years of employment in sub-saharan africa before her relocation to thailand. the initial malaria smear was negative. she returned a week later with no resolution of her symptoms, at which time she was found to have plasmodium ovale by microscopy and polymeras ...	2007	17984365