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molecular detection of tick-borne bacterial agents in brazilian and exotic captive carnivores.the present study aims to detect and characterize by molecular techniques, the presence of tick-borne pathogens in wild captive carnivore blood samples from brazil. blood was collected from 76 brazilian felids, 23 exotic felids, 3 european wolves (canis lupus), and 97 brazilian canids maintained in captivity in zoos located in são paulo and mato grosso states, brazil. dna of each sample was used in pcr reactions for ehrlichia, anaplasma, and rickettsia identification. the blood from 10/100 (10%) ...201222749737
prevalence of anti-toxoplasma gondii antibody in free-ranging ocelots (leopardus pardalis) from tamaulipas, mexico. 201222740559
laparoscopic oviductal embryo transfer and artificial insemination in felids--challenges, strategies and successes.embryo transfer (et) and artificial insemination (ai) are potentially invaluable techniques for the propagation and management of genetically valuable domestic cat and endangered nondomestic cat populations. many of the challenges that impair the effective application of et and ai in felids may be overcome by using laparoscopic oviductal (lo) approaches. lo-et and lo-ai are minimally-invasive procedures, requiring only two small skin incisions for insertion of a laparoscope and grasping forceps ...201223279483
serologic survey for leptospira spp. in captive neotropical felids in foz do iguaçu, paraná, brazil.leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonosis of worldwide distribution and is endemic in tropical countries, where rodents and other wild mammals are abundant and may act as reservoirs. leptospirosis has become a concern in captive wild animals, due mostly to their exposure to contaminated urine or environment. although domestic cats (felis catus) have been reported refractory to leptospirosis, serology and disease in captive wild felids is still unclear. in this study 57 adult, clinically healthy feli ...201222779223
final results of the chronic total occlusion crossing with the ocelot system ii (connect ii) study.to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the optical coherence tomography-guided ocelot catheter to cross femoropopliteal chronic total occlusions (ctos).201324325693
crossing chronic total occlusions with the ocelot system: the initial european experience.the aim of the study was to determine the safety, efficacy and feasibility of a new chronic total occlusion (cto) device using optical coherence tomography (oct) technology, the ocelot catheter (avinger, inc., redwood city, ca, usa), for crossing of sfa ctos following guidewire failure.201323838387
trypanosoma cruzi tci and tcii transmission among wild carnivores, small mammals and dogs in a conservation unit and surrounding areas, brazil.aiming to better understand the ecological aspects of trypanosoma cruzi transmission cycles, wild carnivores, small mammals and dogs were examined for t. cruzi infection in the serra da canastra national park region, brazil. isolates were genotyped using mini-exon gene and pcr-rflp (1f8 and h3) genomic targets. trypanosoma cruzi transmission was well established in the area and occurred in both wild and peridomestic environments. dog seroprevalence was 29·4% (63/214) and tci and tcii genotypes, ...201323062278
clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in an ocelot (leopardus pardalis).the aim of this study is to report a case of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in an ocelot (leopardus pardalis) in the state of mato grosso do sul, brazil. the animal, a 24-month-old male, was referred to the centro de reabilitação de animais silvestres (cras) with a history of having been run over and tibia and fibula fractures. after a surgery to repair the fractures, the ocelot underwent antibiotic therapy with two doses of sodium cefovecin, during which he presented with diarrhea. a ...201323467074
seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection in captive mammals in three zoos in mexico city, mexico.antibodies to toxoplasma gondii were determined in 167 mammals in three zoos in mexico city, mexico, using the modified agglutination test (mat). overall, antibodies to t. gondii were found in 89 (53.3%) of the 167 animals tested. antibodies were found in 35 of 43 wild felidae: 2 of 2 bobcats (lynx rufus); 4 of 4 cougars (puma concolor); 10 of 13 jaguars (panthera onca); 5 of 5 leopards (panthera pardus); 7 of 7 lions (panthera leo); 2 of 3 tigers (panthera tigris); 2 of 3 ocelots (leopardus par ...201324063119
toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging wild small felids from brazil: molecular detection and genotypic characterization.brazil harbors the largest number of wild neotropical felid species, with ten of the twelve species recorded in the american continent. although these animals are considered to be definitive hosts for toxoplasma gondii, there are few descriptions of the parasite in these species. here, we performed a molecular detection of t. gondii by amplification of the marker its-1 from tissue samples obtained from 90 free-ranging wild small neotropical felids from rio grande do sul - brazil. of the sampled ...201323932730
cross transmission of gastrointestinal nematodes between captive neotropical felids and feral cats.pathogen cross transmission between wildlife and domestic animals represents an extinction risk for wildlife; however, reliable verification is difficult to perform, and in some cases, it is even considered unlikely to be conducted. the aim of this work was to identify cross transmission of helminths between feral cats and captive wild felids at a zoological park in southeastern mexico. feces were collected from jaguars (panthera onca), cougars (puma concolor), ocelots (leopardus pardalis), marg ...201324450052
clostridium difficile and clostridium perfringens from wild carnivore species in brazil.despite some case reports, the importance of clostridium perfringens and clostridium difficile for wild carnivores remains unclear. thus, the objective of this study was to identify c. perfringens and c. difficile strains in stool samples from wild carnivore species in brazil. a total of 34 stool samples were collected and subjected to c. perfringens and c. difficile isolation. suggestive colonies of c. perfringens were then analyzed for genes encoding the major c. perfringens toxins (alpha, bet ...201424979683
high consumption of primates by pumas and ocelots in a remnant of the brazilian atlantic forest.we studied the diet of the ocelot and puma during the years 2007 and 2008 at the feliciano miguel abdala reserve, in minas gerais, south-eastern brazil. we collected 49 faecal samples (scats) from cats, and identified the species of cat from 23 of them by the analysis of the microstructure patterns of hairs found in their faeces: 17 scats of the puma (puma concolor) and six of the ocelot (leopardus pardalis). in the puma scats, we identified three species of primates (brachyteles hypoxanthus, al ...201425296212
resistance to antibiotics of clinical relevance in the fecal microbiota of mexican wildlife.there are a growing number of reports of antibiotic resistance (atbr) in bacteria living in wildlife. this is a cause for concern as atbr in wildlife represents a potential public health threat. however, little is known about the factors that might determine the presence, abundance and dispersion of atbr bacteria in wildlife. here, we used culture and molecular methods to assess atbr in bacteria in fecal samples from howler monkeys (alouatta palliata), spider monkeys (ateles geoffroyi), tapirs ( ...201425233089
[diversity, relative abundance and activity patterns of medium and large mammals in a tropical deciduous forest in the isthmus of tehuantepec, oaxaca, mexico].the use of camera traps and mammal track search are complementary methods to monitoring species of which is not well documented their natural history, as in the case of medium and large mammals. to ensure its conservation and good management, it is necessary to generate information about the structure of the community and their populations. the objective of the present study was to estimate the diversity, relative abundance and activity patterns of medium and large mammals in a tropical deciduou ...201425720178
toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in wild small rodents, potentially preys of ocelots in north-eastern mexico.the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii infection in rodents that coexist with ocelots in north-eastern mexico. eighty rodents of five genera were captured and their serum samples tested for specific igg antibodies to t. gondii by in-house indirect elisa using three different conjugates. prevalences of 7% (3/44) and 33% (4/12) were found in sigmodon hispidus and liomys irroratus, respectively, and were significantly different. all baiomys taylori and oligoryzomys ...201425375977
ocelot catheter for the recanalization of lower extremity arterial chronic total occlusion.peripheral arterial disease (pad) is a growing clinical condition affecting more than 10 million patients in the united states and it is responsible for more than 120,000 amputations annually. the presence of chronic total occlusions (cto) increases the complexity of endovascular procedures and open surgery may often be the preferred approach. despite the optimization of the cto devices and technique, percutaneous cto revascularization remains a challenging procedure even for experienced operato ...201424157312
ocelot catheter for the treatment of long sfa occlusion.long saphenous femoral artery (sfa) chronic total occlusions (ctos) are considered the "achilles heel" of the lower extremity percutaneous interventions. antegrade, retrograde, or transcollateral approaches, intraluminal or subintimal techniques with re-entry and specialized cto devices using microdissection, vibrational energy, and laser have all been tried for the management of such challenging lesions with various success rates. ocelot is the first cto crossing device using real-time oct tech ...201424030969
density, distribution, and activity of the ocelot leopardus pardalis (carnivora: felidae) in southeast mexican rainforests.the ocelot leopardus pardalis is of particular significance in terrestrial communities due to its ecological role within the group of small-sized felids and as a mesopredator. however, despite the reduction of ocelot habitat in southeast mexico, there are still very few ecological studies. this research aimed to contribute with some ecological aspects of the species in this region. for this, 29 camera trap stations were established in a rain forest in los chimalapas (an area of 22 km2) during a ...201425720177
using detection dogs and genetic analyses of scat to expand knowledge and assist felid conservation in misiones, argentina.many carnivores require large ranges to meet their ecological and energetic needs; however, anthropogenic changes threaten species and their habitats. camera traps have been used to effectively collect data on carnivores in a variety of habitat types; however, a single survey effort is typically limited to species that have similar body size, habitat use and movement patterns, and individual identification of animals is not always possible. we evaluated whether scat detection dogs could effectiv ...201425236691
noninvasive individual and species identification of jaguars (panthera onca), pumas (puma concolor) and ocelots (leopardus pardalis) in belize, central america using cross-species microsatellites and faecal dna.there is a great need to develop efficient, noninvasive genetic sampling methods to study wild populations of multiple, co-occurring, threatened felids. this is especially important for molecular scatology studies occurring in challenging tropical environments where dna degrades quickly and the quality of faecal samples varies greatly. we optimized 14 polymorphic microsatellite loci for jaguars (panthera onca), pumas (puma concolor) and ocelots (leopardus pardalis) and assessed their utility for ...201424751217
loss of genetic diversity among ocelots in the united states during the 20th century linked to human induced population reductions.ocelots (leopardus pardalis) in the united states currently exhibit low levels of genetic diversity. one hypothesis for this observation is that habitat fragmentation, resulting from human induced changes in the landscape during the 20(th) century, created island populations with highly reduced gene flow and increased genetic drift and inbreeding. in an effort to investigate this, we used a portion of the mitochondrial control region and 11 autosomal microsatellite loci to examine historical lev ...201424586737
designing clinical trials to address the needs of childhood and adult asthma: the national heart, lung, and blood institute's asthmanet.in 2008, the national heart, lung, and blood institute announced its intent to support a new asthma network known as asthmanet. this clinical trials consortium, now in its fifth year, has been charged with developing and executing clinical trials to address the most important asthma management questions and identify new treatment approaches in pediatric and adult patients. this review will discuss the organization of asthmanet and the scientific context in which the network was developed and beg ...201424369797
[population estimates and conservation of felids (carnivora: felidae) in northern quintana roo, mexico].wildlife density estimates provide an idea of the current state of populations, and in some cases, reflect the conservation status of ecosystems, essential aspects for effective management actions. in mexico, several regions have been identified as high priority areas for the conservation of species that have some level of risk, like the yucatan peninsula (yp), where the country has the largest population of jaguars. however, little is known about the current status of threatened and endangered ...201526666134
treatment of chronic total occlusions using the avinger ocelot crossing catheter.peripheral arterial disease is becoming more prevalent as the population ages. in addition, the severity of the disease seems to be progressing from simple narrowing of vessels to chronic total occlusions (ctos). treatment of ctos of the infrainguinal peripheral arteries remains a challenge even for experienced endovascular specialists. many crossing techniques have been described ranging from standard guidewire and catheter-based techniques including subintimal recanalization to specialized cto ...201526622099
diagnostic imaging capabilities of the ocelot -optical coherence tomography system, ex-vivo evaluation and clinical relevance.optical coherence tomography (oct) is a high-resolution sub-surface imaging modality using near-infrared light to provide accurate and high contrast intra-vascular images. this enables accurate assessment of diseased arteries before and after intravascular intervention. this study was designed to corroborate diagnostic imaging equivalence between the ocelot and the dragonfly oct systems with regards to the intravascular features that are most important in clinical management of patients with ath ...201526576762
ocelot population status in protected brazilian atlantic forest.forest fragmentation and habitat loss are detrimental to top carnivores, such as jaguars (panthera onca) and pumas (puma concolor), but effects on mesocarnivores, such as ocelots (leopardus pardalis), are less clear. ocelots need native forests, but also might benefit from the local extirpation of larger cats such as pumas and jaguars through mesopredator release. we used a standardized camera trap protocol to assess ocelot populations in six protected areas of the atlantic forest in southeaster ...201526560347
ocelot and oncilla spermatozoa can bind hen egg perivitelline membranes.we evaluated the capacity of ocelot and oncilla spermatozoa to bind to the perivitelline membranes (pvms) of hen eggs in a sperm binding assay (s-pvm). in addition, a device that improves the standardization of the assay was developed. the number of sperm bound to the pvm in fresh (t1) and frozen-thawed (t2) semen from both species was compared to the sperm quality observed in routine tests. the pvm was stretched on a circular silicone device to create a standardized area for analysis. in both t ...201526526118
identification of novel gammaherpesviruses in ocelots (leopardus pardalis) and bobcats (lynx rufus) in panama and colorado, usa.gammaherpesviruses (ghvs) have been identified in many species and are often associated with disease. recently, we characterized three novel felid ghvs in domestic cats (felis catus), bobcats (lynx rufus), and pumas (puma concolor). we investigated whether free-ranging ocelots (leopardus pardalis) and bobcats are infected with additional ghvs. we screened dna samples from ocelots on barro colorado island, panama, and bobcats in western colorado, us, by using a degenerate nested pcr that targets ...201526280877
the multiple and complex and changeable scenarios of the trypanosoma cruzi transmission cycle in the sylvatic environment.in this study, we report and discuss the results generated from over 20 years of studies of the trypanosoma cruzi sylvatic transmission cycle. our results have uncovered new aspects and reviewed old concepts on issues including reservoirs, true generalist species, association of mammalian species with distinct discrete typing units - dtus, distribution of t. cruzi genotypes in the wild, mixed infections, and t. cruzi transmission ecology. using parasitological and serological tests, we examined ...201526200785
clinical evaluation, hematology, and serum chemistry of ocelots ( leopardus pardalis ) in the atlantic forest of brazil.during the last three decades, much research has illustrated the potential impact of diseases on wild animal populations. however, few studies focused on establishing parameters to reliably differentiate healthy from sick animals. we present clinical, hematologic, and serum chemistry data from nine healthy ocelots ( leopardus pardalis ) and one ill ocelot captured in 2012 and 2013 in brazil. laboratory results were compared to mean values of captive ocelots and reference ranges for domestic cats ...201627479899
feline panleukopaenia virus in captive non-domestic felids in south africa.an outbreak of feline panleukopaenia virus (fplv) infection was diagnosed by pathology, electron microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in vaccinated captive-bred subadult cheetahs in south africa. subsequent to this disease outbreak, 12 cases of fplv diagnosed on histology were confirmed by pcr in captive african black-footed cat, caracal, cheetah, lion, ocelot and serval. phylogenetic analyses of the viral capsid protein gene on pcr-positive samples, vaccine and national center for bio ...201627380652
molecular and morphologic characterization of sarcocystis felis (apicomplexa: sarcocystidae) in south american wild felids from brazil.wild felids are thought to share parasites with domestic cats. however, little is known of the coccidian parasites of wild felids. we investigated the presence of sarcocystis spp. in tissues of 6 species of 90 neotropical small felids killed in road accidents in the state of rio grande do sul, brazil by using microscopic and molecular techniques. formalin-fixed tissues from 28 felids were examined, and sarcocystis felis-like sarcocysts were detected in 4 wild cats (2 puma yagouaroundi and 2 leop ...201626827854
molecular identification of spirometra spp. (cestoda: diphyllobothriidae) in some wild animals from brazil.species of the genus spirometra are diphyllobothriid tapeworms with complex life cycles and are involved in human sparganosis, a neglected disease that affects individuals worldwide. although some species were reported in wild felids and human cases of sparganosis were described in brazil, the biology and taxonomy of these parasites are poorly understood. in the present study, samples of diphyllobothriids (eggs and/or proglottids) obtained from the stools of wild carnivores (leopardus pardalis a ...201627235572
exposure of free-ranging wild carnivores and domestic dogs to canine distemper virus and parvovirus in the cerrado of central brazil.human population growth around protected areas increases the contact between wild and domestic animals, promoting disease transmission between them. this study investigates the exposure of free-ranging wild carnivores and domestic dogs to canine distemper virus (cdv) and parvovirus in emas national park (enp) in the cerrado savanna of central brazil. serum samples were collected from 169 wild carnivores, including the maned wolf (chrysocyon brachyurus), crab-eating fox (cerdocyon thous), hoary f ...201627469023
canine distemper virus in wild felids of costa rica.several highly infectious diseases can be transmitted through feces and cause elevated mortality among carnivore species. one such infectious agent, canine distemper virus (cdv; paramyxoviridae: morbillivirus), has been reported to affect wild carnivores, among them several felid species. we screened free-ranging and captive wild carnivores in costa rica for cdv. between 2006 and 2012, we collected 306 fecal samples from 70 jaguars (panther onca), 71 ocelots ( leopardus pardalis ), five jaguarun ...201626967127
home range and density of three sympatric felids in the southern atlantic forest, brazil.home range and minimal population densities of southern tiger cat (leopardus guttulus), margay (lepardus wiedii) and jaguarundi (puma yagouaroundi) were estimated between 2005 and 2006 in taquari valley, near the southern edge of the atlantic rainforest in brazil. home range data were collected by conventional radio telemetry (vhf) locations in a highly fragmented landscape. the average home range size, calculated using 95% kernel density estimates, was 16.01 km2 for southern tiger cat, 21.85 km ...201626871745
ocelot (leopardus pardalis) density in central amazonia.ocelots (leopardus pardalis) are presumed to be the most abundant of the wild cats throughout their distribution range and to play an important role in the dynamics of sympatric small-felid populations. however, ocelot ecological information is limited, particularly for the amazon. we conducted three camera-trap surveys during three consecutive dry seasons to estimate ocelot density in amanã reserve, central amazonia, brazil. we implemented a spatial capture-recapture (scr) model that shared det ...201627191598
inconsistency of allometric scaling for dissociative anesthesia of wild felids.to evaluate allometric scaling for ketamine-xylazine (kx) anesthesia in wild felids using domestic cats for reference.201626376437
a comparative analysis of genetic diversity and structure in jaguars (panthera onca), pumas (puma concolor), and ocelots (leopardus pardalis) in fragmented landscapes of a critical mesoamerican linkage zone.with increasing anthropogenic impact and landscape change, terrestrial carnivore populations are becoming more fragmented. thus, it is crucial to genetically monitor wild carnivores and quantify changes in genetic diversity and gene flow in response to these threats. this study combined the use of scat detector dogs and molecular scatology to conduct the first genetic study on wild populations of multiple neotropical felids coexisting across a fragmented landscape in belize, central america. we ...201626974968
echinococcus oligarthrus in the subtropical region of argentina: first integration of morphological and molecular analyses determines two distinct populations.echinococcosis is a parasitic zoonosis that is considered as a neglected disease by the world health organization. the species echinococcus oligarthrus is one of the causative agents of neotropical echinococcosis, which is a poorly understood disease that requires a complex medical examination, may threaten human life, and is frequently associated with a low socioeconomic status. morphological and genetic diversity in e. oligarthrus remains unknown. the aim of this work is to identify and charac ...201728433410
comparing hair-morphology and molecular methods to identify fecal samples from neotropical felids.to avoid certain problems encountered with more-traditional and invasive methods in behavioral-ecology studies of mammalian predators, such as felids, molecular approaches have been employed to identify feces found in the field. however, this method requires a complete molecular biology laboratory, and usually also requires very fresh fecal samples to avoid dna degradation. both conditions are normally absent in the field. to address these difficulties, identification based on morphological char ...201728880947
daily rhythmicity of behavior of nine species of south american feral felids in captivity.the authors analyzed the daily activity rhythms of the domestic cat and of eight of the ten feral felid species that are indigenous to south america. all species showed daily rhythmicity of activity in captivity under a natural light-dark cycle. the robustness of the rhythmicity varied from species to species, but the grand mean of 34% was within the range of robustness previously described for mammalian species ranging in size from mice to cattle. there was not a sharp division between diurnal ...201728842189
using niche-modelling and species-specific cost analyses to determine a multispecies corridor in a fragmented landscape.misiones, argentina, contains the largest remaining tract of upper paraná atlantic forest ecoregion; however, ~50% of native forest is unprotected and located in a mosaic of plantations, agriculture, and pastures. existing protected areas are becoming increasingly isolated due to ongoing habitat modification. these factors, combined with lower than expected regional carnivore densities, emphasize the need to understand the effect of fragmentation on animal movement and connectivity between prote ...201728841692
expression patterns of sema3a in developing amniote limbs: with reference to the diversification of peripheral nerve innervation.paired limbs were acquired in the ancestor of tetrapods and their morphology has been highly diversified in amniotes in relation to the adaptive radiation to the terrestrial environment. these morphological changes may have been induced by modification of the developmental program of the skeletal or muscular system. to complete limb modification, it is also important to change the neuronal framework, because the functions of the limbs rely on neural circuits that involve coordinated movement. pr ...201728555754
morphology and molecular analysis of oncicola venezuelensis (acanthocephala: oligacanthorhynchidae) from the ocelot leopardus pardalis in brazil.oncicola venezuelensis marteau, 1977 was found parasitizing adults of leopardus pardalis (linnaeus) found dead in serra da capivara national park, piauí state, brazil, a new geographical locality reported for the species. the diversity of oncicola travassos, 1916 species is large, but genetic data are scarce. this article presents the results of genetic, morphological and ultrastructural studies carried out for taxonomic purposes. the first ultrastructural view showed a globular, short proboscis ...201727669886
occurrence and molecular characterization of hemoplasmas in domestic dogs and wild mammals in a brazilian wetland.hemotropic mycoplasmas are known to cause anemia in several mammalian species. the present work aimed to investigate the occurrence of mycoplasma spp. in wild mammals, domestic dogs and their respective ectoparasites, in southern pantanal region, central-western brazil. between august 2013 and march 2015, 31 nasua nasua, 78 cerdocyon thous, seven leopardus pardalis, 42 dogs, 110 wild rodents, and 30 marsupials were trapped and ectoparasites (ticks and fleas) found parasitizing the animals were c ...201728366511
niche partitioning among mesocarnivores in a brazilian wetland.we investigated the home range size, habitat selection, as well as the spatial and activity overlap, of four mid-sized carnivore species in the central pantanal, mato grosso do sul, brazil. from december 2005 to september 2008, seven crab-eating foxes cerdocyon thous, seven brown-nosed coatis nasua nasua, and six ocelots leopardus pardalis were radio-collared and monitored. camera trap data on these species were also collected for the crab-eating raccoon procyon cancrivorus. we hypothesized that ...201727685854
description of a new species of ixodes latreille, 1795 (acari: ixodidae) and redescription of i. lasallei méndez & ortiz, 1958, parasites of agoutis and pacas (rodentia: dasyproctidae, cuniculidae) in central and south america.ixodes bocatorensis n. sp. (acari: ixodidae), is described based on adults ex agoutis (rodentia: dasyproctidae), pacas (rodentia: cuniculidae) and "tapir and sloth" (perissodactyla: tapiridae and pilosa) from colombia, panama and venezuela. adults of i. bocatorensis n. sp. are similar to those of i. lasallei méndez & ortiz, 1958 but can be distinguished by the scutum dimensions, punctation pattern, gnathosoma and palpi measurements and their ratios, basis capituli anterior angle and shape of the ...201728341928
novel piroplasmid and hepatozoon organisms infecting the wildlife of two regions of the brazilian amazon.during 2009-2012, wild animals were sampled in two areas within the amazon biome of brazil, in the states of mato grosso and pará. animal tissues and blood were molecularly tested for the presence of piroplasmida (genera babesia, theileria, cytauxzoon) or hepatozoon dna. overall, 181 wild animals comprising 36 different species (2 reptiles, 5 birds, and 29 mammals) were sampled. the following piroplasmida agents were detected: cytauxzoon felis in one ocelot (leopardus pardalis), theileria cervi ...201728603688
molecular detection of hepatozoon spp. in domestic dogs and wild mammals in southern pantanal, brazil with implications in the transmission route.hepatozoon parasites comprise intracellular apicomplexan parasites transmitted to vertebrate animals by ingestion of arthropods definitive hosts. the present work aimed to investigate the occurrence of hepatozoon spp. in wild animals, domestic dogs and their respective ectoparasites, in southern pantanal region, central-western brazil, by molecular techniques. between august 2013 and march 2015, 31 coatis (nasua nasua), 78 crab-eating foxes (cerdocyon thous), seven ocelots (leopardus pardalis), ...201728291601
anaplasmataceae agents among wild mammals and ectoparasites in brazil.anaplasmataceae agents comprise obligate intracellular bacteria that can cause disease in humans and animals. between august 2013 and march 2015, 31 nasua nasua (coati), 78 cerdocyon thous (crab-eating fox), seven leopardus pardalis (ocelot), 110 wild rodents, 30 marsupials, and 42 dogs were sampled in the pantanal wetland, brazil. in addition, ectoparasites found parasitizing the animals were collected and identified. the present work aimed to investigate the occurrence of anaplasmataceae agent ...201729103397
diversity of piroplasmids among wild and domestic mammals and ectoparasites in pantanal wetland, brazil.piroplasmoses are one of the most prevalent arthropod-borne diseases of animals. the present work aimed to investigate the occurrence of piroplasmid in wild mammals, domestic dogs and ectoparasites in southern pantanal region, central-western brazil. for that purpose, blood or tissue samples from 31 nasua nasua, 78 cerdocyon thous, 7 leopardus pardalis, 42 dogs, 110 wild rodents, and 30 marsupials, and 1582 ticks were submitted to pcr assays for piroplasmid targeting 18srrna and hps70 genes. sev ...201728941935
small spotted bodies with multiple specific mitochondrial dnas: existence of diverse and differentiated tigrina lineages or species (leopardus spp: felidae, mammalia) throughout latin america.we analysed two sets of mitochondrial (mt) dna data from tigrinas (traditionally, leopardus tigrinus) we sampled in costa rica, venezuela, colombia, ecuador, peru, bolivia, northwestern and northeastern argentina and southern brazil. additionally, the analysis included some genbank sequences from southern, central and northeastern brazil. the first mt set (mt atp8+mt 16s rrna with 41 tigrina) revealed the existence of seven different tigrina-like haplogroups. they could represent, at least, 4-6 ...201729157065
blood meal identification in the cryptic species anopheles gambiae and anopheles coluzzii using maldi-tof ms.matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) has recently emerged in entomology as a technique to identify arthropods and their blood meal source. in this study, female anopheles gambiae were fed on five host blood sources: ocelot (leopardus pardalis), binturong (arctictis binturong), springbok (antidorcas marsupialis), jaguar (panthera onca) and hamadryas baboon (papio hamadryas), while anopheles coluzzii were fed on three hosts: dromedary (camelus ...201830052501
genetic diversity of bartonella spp. in wild mammals and ectoparasites in brazilian pantanal.the present work aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of bartonella in mammals and ectoparasites in pantanal wetland, brazil. for this purpose, 31 nasua nasua, 78 cerdocyon thous, 7 leopardus pardalis, 110 wild rodents, 30 marsupials, and 42 dogs were sampled. dna samples were submitted to a quantitative real-time pcr assay (qpcr). positive samples in qpcr were submitted to conventional pcr assays targeting other five protein-coding genes. thirty-five wild rodents and three polygenis (p.) ...201829313064
rickettsia spp. among wild mammals and their respective ectoparasites in pantanal wetland, brazil.the genus rickettsia comprises obligatory intracellular bacteria, well known to cause zoonotic diseases around the world. the present work aimed to investigate the occurrence of rickettsia spp. in wild animals, domestic dogs and their respective ectoparasites in southern pantanal region, central-western brazil, by molecular and serological techniques. between august 2013 and march 2015, serum, whole blood and/or spleen samples were collected from 31 coatis, 78 crab-eating foxes, seven ocelots, 4 ...201829111373
effects of human impacts on habitat use, activity patterns and ecological relationships among medium and small felids of the atlantic forest.competition theory and niche theory suggest that two morphologically similar species may coexist by reducing the overlap of at least one dimension of their ecological niche. the medium and small neotropical felids are an interesting group of carnivore species for studying intraguild competition. due to differences in size it is expected that the larger ocelot exert strong interference competition on the smaller felids (southern tiger cat, margay and jaguarundi); which, in turn, may exert exploit ...201830067785
absence of parvovirus shedding in feces of threatened carnivores from misiones, argentina.since its emergence in the 1970s, canine parvovirus (cpv) has spread worldwide and infects a wide variety of mammalian hosts, including domestic and nondomestic carnivores. today it is one of the most important pathogenic viruses associated with high morbidity and mortality in domestic dogs ( canis familiaris). in south america, the range of wild hosts has been scarcely studied and the epidemiology of cpv in wildlife is still unclear. in 2011, feces from five wild carnivores (bush dog [ speothos ...201830592932
correction: outcomes of trypanosoma cruzi and trypanosoma evansi infections on health of southern coati (nasua nasua), crab-eating fox (cerdocyon thous), and ocelot (leopardus pardalis) in the brazilian pantanal.[this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201357.].201830332453
outcomes of trypanosoma cruzi and trypanosoma evansi infections on health of southern coati (nasua nasua), crab-eating fox (cerdocyon thous), and ocelot (leopardus pardalis) in the brazilian pantanal.the occurrence of trypanosoma spp. in wild carnivore populations has been intensively investigated during the last decades. however, the impact of these parasites on the health of free-living infected animals has been largely neglected. the pantanal biome is the world's largest seasonal wetland, harboring a great diversity of species and habitats. this includes 174 species of mammals, of which 20 belong to the order carnivora. the present study aimed to investigate the effect of trypanosoma evan ...201830110344
are pumas subordinate carnivores, and does it matter?interspecific competition affects species fitness, community assemblages and structure, and the geographic distributions of species. established dominance hierarchies among species mitigate the need for fighting and contribute to the realized niche for subordinate species. this is especially important for apex predators, many of which simultaneous contend with the costs of competition with more dominant species and the costs associated with human hunting and lethal management.201829379688
practical application of laparoscopic oviductal artificial insemination for the propagation of domestic cats and wild felids.ai was first reported in cats almost 50 years ago but, unlike ai in other domesticated animals (e.g. dogs, cattle, horses), has not been widely used for routine propagation by veterinarians or breeders. anatomical and physiological challenges with cats have hindered the efficiency of ai using standardised transcervical approaches applied to other species. development of laparoscopic oviductal ai (lo-ai) has helped overcome some of these barriers and, during the past 7 years, produced high pregna ...201832188540
use of the ocelot catheter in iliac chronic total occlusion intervention. 201830100407
use of the ocelot catheter in iliac chronic total occlusion intervention.the optical-coherence tomography guided ocelot catheter has previously been shown to be a safe and effective tool for crossing peripheral chronic total occlusions. however, the existing literature focuses mostly on the superficial femoral artery, without prior evidence of use within the suprainguinal vasculature.201829550048
preoperative assessment of computerized tomography angiography to predict success for crossing long trans-atlantic inter-society consensus d lesions using the optical coherence tomography catheter.objectives optical coherence tomography chronic total occlusion catheter, the ocelot (avinger inc., redwood city, ca), has been utilized to cross trans-atlantic inter-society consensus d lesions. this study evaluated the preoperative computerized tomography angiography of chronic total occlusions in the superficial femoral artery to predict clinical success. methods we reviewed all patients who underwent lower extremity procedures with the ocelot catheter from june 2014 to august 2016. patients ...201829224472
outcome after crossing femoropopliteal chronic total occlusions based on optical coherence tomography guidance.the crossing of chronic total occlusions (ctos) is the key step for an endovascular treatment. the ocelot system is a novel device that combines a steerable drilling tip with optical coherence tomography (oct) technology. it provides intraluminal imaging to help the crossing of ctos in the femoropopliteal segment. aim of the study was to determine early and midterm results after recanalization with this device.201829084493
five-year outcomes after revascularization of superficial femoral artery occlusion using ocelot catheter.the population of patients with lower limb atherosclerosis includes a considerable proportion of individuals with long superficial femoral artery (sfa) lesions. chronic total occlusions (ctos) represent the "last frontier" of percutaneous interventions. while open strategies are considered earlier as standard management for these lesions, the results of a number of trials indicate that endovascular management might become an effective alternative to surgery.201931933664
papillary architecture of the leopardus pardalis tongue.the ocelot (leopardus pardalis) is a felidae of wide geographical distribution and food flexibility; therefore, it is essential to understand the morphology of the species. thus, we aimed to describe its lingual morphology in order to gain information regarding the anatomy of this carnivore's digestive system. the tongues ​​were removed for ex situ macroscopic and morphometric analyses, as well as for light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, of fragments of the different lingual region ...201931259433
combining learning and constraints for genome-wide protein annotation.the advent of high-throughput experimental techniques paved the way to genome-wide computational analysis and predictive annotation studies. when considering the joint annotation of a large set of related entities, like all proteins of a certain genome, many candidate annotations could be inconsistent, or very unlikely, given the existing knowledge. a sound predictive framework capable of accounting for this type of constraints in making predictions could substantially contribute to the quality ...201931208327
habitat use of the ocelot (leopardus pardalis) in brazilian amazon.amazonia forest plays a major role in providing ecosystem services for human and sanctuaries for wildlife. however, ongoing deforestation and habitat fragmentation in the brazilian amazon has threatened both. the ocelot is an ecologically important mesopredator and a potential conservation ambassador species, yet there are no previous studies on its habitat preference and spatial patterns in this biome. from 2010 to 2017, twelve sites were surveyed, totaling 899 camera trap stations, the largest ...201931110661
an island of wildlife in a human-dominated landscape: the last fragment of primary forest on the osa peninsula's golfo dulce coastline, costa rica.habitat loss and fragmentation, together with related edge effects, are the primary cause of global biodiversity decline. despite a large amount of research quantifying and demonstrating the degree of these effects, particularly in top predators and their prey, most fragmented patches are lost before their conservation value is recognized. this study evaluates terrestrial vertebrates in playa sandalo, in the osa peninsula of costa rica, which represents the last patch of "primary" forest in the ...201930913255
land management strategies can increase oil palm plantation use by some terrestrial mammals in colombia.while the conservation role of remaining natural habitats in anthropogenic landscapes is clear, the degree to which agricultural matrices impose limitations to animal use is not well understood, but vital to assess species' resilience to land use change. using an occupancy framework, we evaluated how oil palm plantations affect the occurrence and habitat use of terrestrial mammals in the colombian llanos. further, we evaluated the effect of undergrowth vegetation and proximity to forest on habit ...201931127172
gastrointestinal parasites among felids inhabiting the serra dos órgãos national park, rio de janeiro, brazil.this study aimed to investigate the species of felids that inhabit the serra dos órgãos national park (parnaso) and gastrointestinal parasites at various stages of their life cycles in the feces of these animals. between 2013 and 2015, felid feces were collected from trails in parnaso. the sampling points were georeferenced. a total of 82 fecal samples were processed, of which 79 were collected on the ground, two from captured felids and one from a necropsied animal. all samples underwent coprop ...201929846454
active anti-predator behaviour of red titi monkeys (plecturocebus cupreus).due to their inconspicuous behaviour and colouration, it has been assumed that titi monkeys' main anti-predator behaviour is passive crypsis and hiding. so far, active predator mobbing has been documented only for black-fronted titi monkeys, callicebusnigrifrons. here we report for the first time mobbing behaviour of red titi monkeys, plecturocebus cupreus (previously callicebus cupreus), as reaction to an ocelot (leopardus pardalis) and a boa constrictor. we also report other active anti-predat ...201932110716
prey availability and temporal partitioning modulate felid coexistence in neotropical forests.carnivores have long been used as model organisms to examine mechanisms that allow coexistence among ecologically similar species. interactions between carnivores, including competition and predation, comprise important processes regulating local community structure and diversity. we use data from an intensive camera-trapping monitoring program across eight neotropical forest sites to describe the patterns of spatiotemporal organization of a guild of five sympatric cat species: jaguar (panthera ...201930861045
increased terrestriality in a neotropical primate living on islands with reduced predation risk.an arboreal lifestyle is thought to be central to primate origins, and most extant primate species still live in the trees. nonetheless, terrestrial locomotion is a widespread adaptation that has arisen repeatedly within the primate lineage. the absence of terrestriality among the new world monkeys (platyrrhini) is thus notable and raises questions about the ecological pressures that constrain the expansion of platyrrhines into terrestrial niches. here, we report the results of a natural experim ...202032247060
non-invasive sampling in itatiaia national park, brazil: wild mammal parasite detection.non-invasive sampling through faecal collection is one of the most cost-effective alternatives for monitoring of free-living wild mammals, as it provides information on animal taxonomy as well as the dynamics of the gastrointestinal parasites that potentially infect these animals. in this context, this study aimed to perform an epidemiological survey of gastrointestinal parasites using non-invasive faecal samples from carnivores and artiodactyls identified by stool macroscopy, guard hair morphol ...202032807197
first identification and molecular phylogeny of sparganum proliferum from endangered felid (panthera onca) and other wild definitive hosts in one of the regions with highest worldwide biodiversity.after decades of being neglected, broad tapeworms now attract growing attention thanks to the increasing number of reports from humans but also thanks to many advancements achieved by application of molecular methods in diagnosis and epidemiological studies. regarding sparganosis, unfortunately general uniformity of most species, their high intraspecific variability and lack of agreement among researchers has led to confusion about the classification of spirometra/sparganum species. for the firs ...202033083226
isolation and genotyping of toxoplasma gondii in the midwestern brazil revealed high genetic diversity and new genotypes.we aimed to describe the genetic diversity of toxoplasma gondii strains isolated from domestic animals, wildlife and humans in the midwestern brazil. for this purpose, fragments of tissue samples (heart, brain and lung) from 35 dogs, four cats, 105 wildlife, and amniotic fluids from eight pregnant women were collected and submitted to mouse bioassay test. in a total, 22 isolates from nine dogs, one cat, ten wild animals and two women were obtained. the dna was extracted from t. gondii isolates ( ...202032926845
effectiveness of panama as an intercontinental land bridge for large mammals.habitat fragmentation is a primary driver of wildlife loss, and establishment of biological corridors is a common strategy to mitigate this problem. a flagship example is the mesoamerican biological corridor (mbc), which aims to connect protected forest areas between mexico and panama to allow dispersal and gene flow of forest organisms. because forests across central america have continued to degrade, the functioning of the mbc has been questioned, but reliable estimates of species occurrence w ...202031385631
illegal trade in wild cats and its link to chinese-led development in central and south america.seizures of hundreds of jaguar heads and canines in central and south america from 2014 to 2018 resulted in worldwide media coverage suggesting that wildlife traffickers are trading jaguar body parts as substitutes for tiger parts to satisfy the demand for traditional asian medicine. we compiled a data set of >1000 seized wild cats (jaguar [panthera onca], puma [puma concolor], and ocelot [leopardus pardalis]) from 19 central and south american countries and china. we ran generalized additive mi ...202032484587
margay (leopardus wiedii) in the southernmost atlantic forest: density and activity patterns under different levels of anthropogenic disturbance.the margay (leopardus wiedii) is a small neotropical arboreal wild cat. this species is thought to be forest-dependent, although few studies so far have directly evaluated the relationships between spatiotemporal aspects of its ecology and landscape characteristics. the aim of this study was to estimate margay population density and activity patterns in six areas with different habitat types and levels of anthropogenic disturbance in the southernmost atlantic forest of brazil. our working hypoth ...202032374736
collagen and carbonate isotope data of fauna from pre-columbian panama.raw isotope data of collagen (δ13ccollagen and δ15ncollagen) and carbonate (δ13ccarbonate and δ18ocarbonate) of bone, enamel, and dentine of 101 faunal samples from parita bay, panama are presented. these samples were taken from four archeological sites that span a long termporal range beginning with early hamlet agriculture period marked by the introduction of agricultre (circa 6000 bce), and extending into the time of spanish contact (1521 ce). the collection represents twelve faunal species o ...202032715034
morphology of male and female reproductive tract of the ocelot (leopardus pardalis).the ocelot (leopardus pardalis) is the largest species of this genus, despite having broad distribution in the americas; it is included in the main list of endangered species. their conservation is widely studied, but there is a lack of studies about their morphology. in order to contribute to the knowledge of its reproductive system, five male and female ocelots were examined macro- and microscopically by histological techniques. macroscopic analysis of the male reproductive system revealed pre ...202032714460
effects of sun angle, lunar illumination, and diurnal temperature on temporal movement rates of sympatric ocelots and bobcats in south texas.sympatric ocelots (leopardus pardalis) and bobcats (lynx rufus) in south texas show substantial overlap in body size, food habits, and habitat use. consequently, we explore whether temporal niche partitioning may explain ocelot and bobcat coexistence. we investigated the influence of sun angle, lunar illumination, and maximum diurnal temperature on temporal movement rates of sympatric ocelots (n = 8) and bobcats (n = 6) using a combination of high-frequency gps locations and bi-axial acceleromet ...202032324759
leopardus wiedii papillomavirus type 1, a novel papillomavirus species in the tree ocelot, suggests felidae lambdapapillomavirus polyphyletic origin and host-independent evolution.the limited knowledge on papillomavirus diversity (particularly in wild animal species) influences the accuracy of pvs phylogeny and their evolutionary history, and hinders the comprehension of pvs pathogenicity, especially the mechanism of virus - related cancer progression. this study reports the identification of leopardus wiedii papillomavirus type 1 (lwiepv1), the first pv type within lambdapapillomavirus in a leopardus host. lwiepv1 full genome sequencing allowed the investigation of its t ...202032058075
ecology of an ocelot population at the northern edge of the species' distribution in northern sonora, mexico.we used data from eight years of camera trapping at rancho el aribabi, a cattle ranch and conservation property in northern sonora, mexico, to examine the ecology of the northern-most known breeding population of ocelots (leopardus pardalis). ocelots were found mostly in two discrete and disjunct areas: a riverine riparian canyon at just less than 1,000 masl elevation and along arroyos in an oak-mesquite savanna in the sierra azul at 1,266-1,406 masl. an ocelot was also detected at a site betwee ...202031998562
towards the restoration of the mesoamerican biological corridor for large mammals in panama: comparing multi-species occupancy to movement models.habitat fragmentation is a primary driver of wildlife loss, and the establishment of biological corridors is a conservation strategy to mitigate this problem. identifying areas with high potential functional connectivity typically relies on the assessment of landscape resistance to movement. many modeling approaches exist to estimate resistance surfaces but to date only a handful of studies compared the outputs resulting from different methods. moreover, as many species are threatened by fragmen ...202031938545
co-occurrence of bobcats, coyotes, and ocelots in texas.interspecific competition among carnivores has been linked to differences in behavior, morphology, and resource use. insights into these interactions can enhance understanding of local ecological processes that can have impacts on the recovery of endangered species, such as the ocelot (leopardus pardalis). ocelots, bobcats (lynx rufus), and coyotes (canis latrans) share a small geographic range overlap from south texas to south-central mexico but relationships among the three are poorly understo ...202032551069
ehrlichia spp. and anaplasma spp. in xenarthra mammals from brazil, with evidence of novel 'candidatus anaplasma spp.'anaplasmataceae agents are obligatory intracellular gram-negative α-proteobacteria that are transmitted mostly by arthropod vectors. although mammals of the superorder xenarthra (sloths, anteaters, and armadillos) have been implicated as reservoirs for several zoonotic agents, only few studies have sought to detect anaplasmataceae agents in this group of mammals. this study aimed to investigate the occurrence and genetic diversity of anaplasma spp. and ehrlichia spp. in blood and spleen samples ...202032724088
comprehensive investigation on the interplay between feline apobec3z3 proteins and feline immunodeficiency virus vif proteins.as the hosts of lentiviruses, almost 40 species of felids (family felidae) are distributed around the world, and more than 20 feline species test positive for feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), a lineage of lentiviruses. these observations suggest that fivs globally infected a variety of feline species through multiple cross-species transmission events during a million-year history. cellular restriction factors potentially inhibit lentiviral replication and limit cross-species lentiviral trans ...202133762419
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