Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| immunodiagnostic tests on cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of meningoencephalitic trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection. | fourteen cerebrospinal fluid (csf) samples obtained from rhodesian sleeping sickness patients from the lambwe valley at relapse were positive for the presence of anti-trypanosomal antibody by both ifat and elisa. the mean optical density (o.d.) in the elisa test was 0.804 +/- 0.362 and ranged from 0.258 to 1.363. csf from five patients from the same area without evidence of meningoencephalitis were all negative by elisa (mean o.d. 0.023 +/- 0.016, range 0.011-0.051). control csf samples from u.k ... | 1989 | 2694987 |
| expression site associated genes of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. | upstream of at least some telomere-linked genes for the variant surface glycoproteins (vsgs) of african trypanosomes are expression site associated genes (esags) whose transcription is co-ordinated with the transcription of the adjacent vsg gene [cully et al. (1985) cell 42, 173-182]. the function of the corresponding esag proteins is not known. here we show the sequences of two members of the esag-i family that are upstream of the vsg genes expressed in metacyclic variant antigen types 4 and 7 ... | 1989 | 2710164 |
| african trypanosomes: inheritance of factors involved in resistance. | the c3heb/fej mouse strain has a shorter survival time and is therefore more susceptible to a trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection than the b10.br/sgsnj strain. the work reported here demonstrated that survival time is inherited as a recessive trait, whereas the ability to produce antibody to the first variant antigen population is inherited as a dominant trait. it was therefore not possible to correlate survival time with the ability to produce antibody in the f-1 and f-2 offspring. both ch ... | 1989 | 2731583 |
| high frequency of antigenic variation in trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infections. | rates at which trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense trypanosomes switch from expression of one variable antigen type (vat) to that of another have been determined in cloned populations that have been recently tsetse-fly transmitted. switching rates have been determined between several, specific pairs of vats in each population. high rates of switching were observed in 2 cloned trypanosome lines, each derived from a separate cyclical transmission of the same parental stock and each expressing a differe ... | 1989 | 2797873 |
| an antigen detection enzyme immunoassay for the diagnosis of rhodesiense sleeping sickness. | a monoclonal antibody raised against a non-variable surface antigen of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense procyclic trypomastigotes was used to develop an antigen detection enzyme immunoassay for the diagnosis of rhodesiense sleeping sickness. the assay was evaluated using 211 sera from clinically suspected cases: 142 from parasitologically proven cases and 69 from patients who were negative on parasitological examination. the test was positive in 128 out of 142 parasitologically proven cases. the n ... | 1989 | 2927956 |
| lysis of trypanosoma brucei by a toxic subspecies of human high density lipoprotein. | trypanosoma brucei brucei is an important pathogen of domestic cattle in sub-saharan africa and is closely related to the human sleeping sickness parasites, trypanosoma brucei gambiense and trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. however, t. b. brucei is non-infectious to humans. the restriction of the host range of t. b. brucei results from the sensitivity of the parasite to lysis by toxic human high density lipoproteins (hdl) (rifkin, m. r. (1978) proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 75, 3450-3454). we show ... | 1989 | 2494183 |
| rate of trypanosome killing by lectins in midguts of different species and strains of glossina. | the activity of lectins in different species of tsetse was compared in vivo by the time taken to remove all trypanosomes from the midgut following an infective feed and in vitro by agglutination tests. teneral male glossina pallidipes austen, g. austeni newstead and g. p. palpalis r-d. removed 50% of all trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense stephens & fantham infections within 60 h. a 'refractory' line of g. m. morsitans westwood took 170 h to kill 50% infections while a 'susceptible' line of the same ... | 1989 | 2519650 |
| a gene expressed only in serum-resistant variants of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. | the human infective african trypanosomes are host range variants of trypanosoma brucei which are resistant to a lytic component in primate serum. t. b. rhodesiense occurs both as a form sensitive to lysis by normal human serum and as a form resistant to this lysis. switching from one phenotype to the other has been observed in both directions. in the cloned t. b. rhodesiense etar1-repertoire we have detected 1.5-kb mrnas only present in the resistant forms. in t. b. gambiense, which always occur ... | 1989 | 2528066 |
| analysis of a genetic cross between trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and t. b. brucei. | two trypanosome clones, representing east and west african homozygotes at 2 isoenzyme loci (t. b. rhodesiense mhom/zm/74/58 [clone b] and t. b. brucei msus/ci/78/tsw 196 [clone a]), were cotransmitted through tsetse flies and the resulting trypanosome populations checked for the presence of non-parental karyotypes by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. ten clones isolated from these populations proved to have 5 different recombinant genotypes by analysis of nuclear and kinetoplast dna (kdna) polym ... | 1989 | 2575239 |
| an effective axenic culture system for trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense blood stream forms in vitro. | an effective axenic culture system for trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (ilrad 1501) bloodstream forms is demonstrated. bloodstream forms were continuously grown in 25 mm hepes-buffered d-mem supplemented with 10 microm bathocuproine sulfonate (bcs), 100 microm cysteine, and 20% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum at 37 degrees c in vitro. at the initiation of the culture, t. b. rhodesiense bloodstream forms required the presence of 0.2 iu/ml insulin and 1 mm pyruvate, while bloodstream forms were ... | 1990 | 2098917 |
| differential susceptibility to dl-alpha-difluoromethylornithine in clinical isolates of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. | dl-alpha-difluoromethylornithine is an enzyme-activated inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase and an antagonist of polyamine metabolism that has been successful in clinical trials against west african sleeping sickness caused by trypanosoma brucei gambiense. its potential for use against the more virulent east african form of the disease, caused by t. brucei rhodesiense, is not certain. we examined 14 east african clinical isolates from the kenya trypanosomiasis research institute strain bank plu ... | 1990 | 2118325 |
| haemolymph lectin and the maturation of trypanosome infections in tsetse. | the tsetse immune system has recently been shown to be involved in trypanosome maturation; lectin secreted in the midgut, normally responsible for preventing the establishment of midgut infections, induces established midgut trypanosomes to mature. we now show that a second lectin, present in tsetse haemolymph, is essential to complete the maturation process. interactions between tsetse lectins and parasite surface coats probably determine trypanosome transmissibility and may be partly responsib ... | 1990 | 2132968 |
| the kinetics of gene expression and maturation of il-1 alpha after induction with the surface coat of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense or lipopolysaccharide. | the purpose of this study was threefold: to determine if the variant surface coat glycoprotein (vsg) of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense induces il-1 alpha; to study the kinetics of il-1 alpha transcription, maturation and secretion; and to compare vsg to lps in its ability to induce il-1 alpha. vsg was added to cultures of the p388d1 murine macrophage cell line. rna was dotted onto nitrocellulose and hybridized with a murine il-1 alpha cdna probe. maximal production of il-1 alpha mrna occurred in ... | 1990 | 2230129 |
| cloning and sequencing of the cysteine protease cdna from trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. | 1990 | 2235508 | |
| variant-specific trypanolytic antibodies in sera from patients infected with trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. | infections with salivarian trypanosomes are characterized by the successive development of parasite populations of distinct variable antigen types (vats), the corresponding antibodies accumulating in the blood of the host. sixty vats had been cloned during previous studies on variable antigen repertoires of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense; 12 of these were selected for immunolysis tests against 85 sera from t.b. rhodesiense patients in busoga (uganda). one variant, etat 1/1, reacted with 59 out o ... | 1990 | 2347032 |
| sequences of three vsg mrnas expressed in a mixed population of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. | a cdna library was constructed from a mixed population of bloodstream trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense expressing at least three different vsgs, one of which is immunologically similar to a vsg present during the metacyclic stage. complete sequence determinations of three full length vsg cdnas showed that the 5' spliced leader sequence is located 20-26 nucleotides upstream of the start codons of each of the three vsg mrnas. two of the vsgs (472 and 487 aa) are members of one c-terminal isotype gro ... | 1990 | 2357229 |
| trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense bloodstream forms: surface ricin-binding glycoproteins are localized exclusively in the flagellar pocket and the flagellar adhesion zone. | specific binding of fluoresceinated succinyl-concanavalin a, wheat germ agglutinin, and ricin to untreated and trypsinized bloodstream forms of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense was quantitated by flow cytofluorimetry, and sites of lectin binding were identified by fluorescence microscopy. all three lectins only bound to the flagellar pocket of untreated parasites. when parasites were trypsinized to remove the variant surface glycoprotein coat, new lectin binding sites were exposed, and specific bi ... | 1990 | 2359049 |
| regulation of b cell responses to the variant surface glycoprotein (vsg) molecule in trypanosomiasis. i. epitope specificity and idiotypic profile of monoclonal antibodies to the vsg of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. | regulatory mechanisms governing b cell responses to the trypanosome variant surface glycoprotein (vsg) molecule currently are being studied. as a fundamental basis for examining such regulation, the epitope specificities and idiotypic profiles of murine mab produced to the vsg of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense clone loutat 1.5 were determined. variant specific mab were used to probe vsg proteolytic peptides in western blot analysis, to serve as competitive inhibitors in ria analyses with purifie ... | 1990 | 1692071 |
| t-cell-independent and t-cell-dependent b-cell responses to exposed variant surface glycoprotein epitopes in trypanosome-infected mice. | the t-cell dependency of b-cell responses to variant surface glycoprotein (vsg) epitopes exposed in their native surface conformation on trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense clone loutat 1 was investigated. t-cell requirements were examined by analyses of gamma globulin preparations derived from trypanosome-infected balb/c nude (nu/nu) and thymus-intact (nu/+) mice. a radioimmunoassay was used to selectively quantitate antibody binding to native vsg 1 epitopes present on the surface of viable trypanos ... | 1990 | 1694824 |
| regulation of b cell responses to the variant surface glycoprotein molecule in trypanosomiasis. ii. down-regulation of idiotype expression is associated with the appearance of lymphocytes expressing antiidiotypic receptors. | the current study examines the idiotypic expression and regulation of variant surface glycoprotein (vsg)-specific b cell responses during african trypanosomiasis. utilizing competitive inhibition ria analysis, we detected antibodies in the serum of balb/cbyj mice infected with trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense clone loutat 1.5 that recognized the same vsg epitopes as three vsg 1.5-specific mab. these epitope-specific antibody responses were detectable by day 5 of infection, peaked by day 10, and th ... | 1990 | 1970594 |
| cure of trypanosoma brucei brucei and trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infections in mice with an irreversible inhibitor of s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. | a structural analog, 5'-([(z)-4-amino-2-butenyl]methylamino)-5'-deoxy adenosine (mdl 73811), of decarboxy s-adenosyl-l-methionine, the product of the reaction catalyzed by s-adenosyl-l-methionine (adomet) decarboxylase (dc), was found to inhibit trypanosoma brucei brucei adomet dc. the inhibition was time dependent (tau 50, 0.3 min), exhibited pseudo-first-order kinetics (ki, 1.5 microm), and was apparently irreversible. the natural substrate of the reaction, adomet, protected the enzyme from in ... | 1990 | 1977366 |
| expression and deletion analysis of the trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense cysteine protease in escherichia coli. | trypanosoma brucei, the cause of african sleeping sickness, differentiates in the mammalian bloodstream from a long, slender trypanosome into a short, stumpy trypanosome. this event is necessary for infection of the tsetse fly and maintenance of the life cycle. we have previously shown that the stumpy form contains 10- to 15-fold-greater cysteine protease activity than either the slender form or the insect midgut procyclic, and we have isolated a cdna encoding the protease. in order to determine ... | 1991 | 1997411 |
| trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense: characterisation of stocks from zambia, kenya, and uganda using repetitive dna probes. | we have previously described a system for characterising the relationships between trypanosome stocks of the t.brucei group based on southern blotting with repetitive dna probes followed by cluster analysis of resultant banding patterns (g. hide et al. molec. bioch. parasitol. 39, 213-226, 1990). in this study, we extend this analysis to examine the relationships between trypanosome stocks isolated from major sleeping sickness foci in zambia, kenya, and uganda. we show that the trypanosome strai ... | 1991 | 2026217 |
| a soluble factor from trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense that prevents progression of activated human t lymphocytes through the cell cycle. | african sleeping sickness is accompanied by a severe immunosuppression. as part of our efforts to examine the mechanisms by which this suppressive state is induced, we studied alterations in human t-lymphocyte function caused by trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. to this end, we used an in vitro system in which phytohaemagglutinin (pha)-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) were cultured in a medium containing soluble, non-dialysable parasite products. we were able to demonstra ... | 1991 | 2071163 |
| characterization of trypanosome protein phosphatase 1 and 2a catalytic subunits. | oligonucleotides corresponding to highly conserved regions of mammalian protein phosphatase catalytic subunits were used in the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to generate an amplification product from genomic dna of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. the pcr product was used to screen a t. b. rhodesiense cdna library for cdna clones encoding putative protein phosphatase catalytic subunits. two cdna clones, (tpp1a and tpp1b) representing two distinct type 1 catalytic subunit isotypes, encode 39-kda ... | 1991 | 1663579 |
| [campaign against sleeping sickness in south-west uganda by trapping tsetse flies]. | an outbreak of human trypanosomiasis due to trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense has been affecting the busoga district of uganda since 1976. more than 40,000 cases have been recorded up to 1990. since two years the epidemic area has been extending to the tororo district. the vector is glossina fuscipes. in order to stop the disease transmission a vector control project was launched in 1988 in busoga area. it is based on tsetse fly trapping, using pyramidal optic traps impregnated with deltamethrin (1 ... | 1991 | 1793279 |
| evidence for widespread asymptomatic trypanosoma rhodesiense human infection in the luangwa valley (zambia). | the rotat 1/2 catt test developed for trypanosoma evansi was used in comparison with other diagnostic tests for the detection of t. rhodesiense infection in the northern part of the luangwa valley. the human population, the domestic and a large number of game animals were positive with the rotat 1/2 catt, the ag-elisa, the ifat and the radioimmunoprecipitation tests. human sera from these areas precipitated the same trypanosome-antigen components 35s-methionine labelled whereas few differences i ... | 1991 | 1796239 |
| observations on a goat naturally infected with trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense-like organisms. | 1991 | 1809250 | |
| [evaluation of the humoral response in patients infected with trypanosoma rhodesiense in mozambique]. | indirect immunofluorescence and simple immunodiffusion for trypanosomiasis were normalized. a high percent of patients were found to be positive, both by simple immunodiffusion and indirect immunofluorescence. the use of these techniques is recommended in epidemiological studies. | 1991 | 1812533 |
| differential sensitivity of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense isolates to in vitro lysis by arsenicals. | clinical isolates of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, which were resistant to arsenical drugs in murine infections, were examined for resistance in vitro. a rapid lysis assay was developed which was able to predict in vivo sensitivity to melarsoprol (mel b, arsobal) and melarsen oxide. the assay was based on the finding that long slender bloodforms of drug-sensitive isolates would lyse in the presence of arsenicals upon incubation in heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum. on the basis of plots of d ... | 1991 | 1849084 |
| characterization of a novel developmentally regulated gene from trypanosoma brucei encoding a potential phosphoprotein. | we have isolated a cdna clone corresponding to a single-copy nuclear gene that is upregulated at the mrna level during in vitro differentiation of bloodstream trypomastigotes of strains of both trypanosoma brucei brucei and trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense to procyclic forms. transcript levels begin to increase within minutes of introduction of bloodstream forms into culture and peak well before cultures exhibit a procyclic morphology. this increase in transcript levels was found to occur both in ... | 1991 | 1857381 |
| differences in glucose transport between blood stream and procyclic forms of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. | in african trypanosomes the requirements for glucose and its metabolism vary in different stages of the life cycle. here we present evidence that cultured procyclic trypanosomes of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense uptake glucose against a concentration gradient in a time and dose-dependent manner. moreover, glucose transport is completely inhibited by the sulphydryl inhibitor n-ethylmaleimide, suggesting the presence of a protein moiety as the carrier molecule. comparison of glucose uptake in bloo ... | 1991 | 1857387 |
| suppression by trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense of the capacities of human t lymphocytes to express interleukin-2 receptors and proliferate after mitogenic stimulation. | we studied the suppressive effects induced in phytohemagglutinin (pha)-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) by purified blood forms of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. the parasite was found to markedly impair lymphocyte proliferation (measured in terms of [3h]thymidine incorporation). the extent of this effect increased with parasite concentration and was not due to mitogen absorption, depletion of medium nutrients, or pbmc killing by the parasite. significant reductions in ... | 1991 | 1894358 |
| [in vivo resistance to strains of trypanosoma rhodesiense, mozambique, 1985]. | we report the existence of high resistance to melarsoprol and low resistance to suramin in 11 trypanosoma rhodesiense species. they were isolated from humans in the tete province, mozambique, and kept in mice at the maputo national health institute. the preliminary results obtained with suramin administered intracranially, are also reported. | 1991 | 9768188 |
| the use of the acridine orange qbc technique in the diagnosis of african trypanosomiasis. | 1992 | 1287921 | |
| an in vitro bioassay for quantification of melarsoprol in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. | a biological assay was developed for measuring melarsoprol in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with human african trypanosomiasis. trypanosomes were cultivated in microtiter plates for 72 hours with melarsoprol (mel b) in concentrations of 1.25 micrograms/ml to 2.2 ng/ml. the minimum inhibitory concentration of mel b for a reference trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense clone was determined by microscopical examination. samples of serum or cerebrospinal fluid were incubated under the same cond ... | 1992 | 1293724 |
| trisomy and chromosome size changes in hybrid trypanosomes from a genetic cross between trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and t. b. brucei. | further analysis of hybrid clones from an experimental cross of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense 058 and t. b. brucei 196 shows 2 of the hybrid clones to have dna contents about 1.5 times parental values. this represents over 40,000 kb of extra dna. comparison of the molecular karyotypes of parental and progeny trypanosomes shows that the bulk of the extra dna constitutes chromosomes greater than 1 mb in size, although a small proportion can be accounted for by an increased number of mini-chromoso ... | 1992 | 1349422 |
| method for analysis, and distribution profile, of covalently-linked ferritin-daunorubicin conjugate in the blood of trypanosome-infected mice. | daunorubicin is a highly potent trypanocide in-vitro but is inactive in-vivo. when daunorubicin is conjugated to bovine serum albumin or horse spleen ferritin using schiffs base linkages, the complex is trypanocidal in-vitro and in-vivo. we have developed novel analytical methods, using hplc with fluorimetric detection, for the quantitation of daunorubicin and doxorubicin in biological samples, either as unconjugated drug, or when covalently linked to macromolecules or particles. ferritin-daunor ... | 1992 | 1350628 |
| variable and conserved structural elements of trypanosome variant surface glycoproteins. | the characterization of b cell epitopes on the trypanosome variant surface glycoprotein (vsg) rests on elucidation of variant specific amino acid sequences that may be exposed or buried as a result of the natural conformation of these molecules in the surface coat. despite the fact that different vsgs have heterogeneous primary sequences and unique antigenic characteristics, recent high resolution x-ray crystallographic analyses of vsgs have revealed a conserved 3-dimensional structure common to ... | 1992 | 1373472 |
| only the serum-resistant bloodstream forms of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense express the serum resistance associated (sra) protein. | the trypanosoma brucei species consists of three subspecies. t. b. rhodesiense and t. b. gambiense are human infective forms, while t. b. brucei is lysed upon exposure to the cytotoxic factor in normal human serum. t. b. rhodesiense can however occur as a serum-resistant (r) and as a serum-sensitive form (s). in a study of the molecular basis of serum resistance in t. b. rhodesiense it was shown that in the cloned etar1-repertoire only the serum-resistant variants express specific transcripts, e ... | 1992 | 1417165 |
| diagnosis of human african trypanosomiasis. | 1992 | 1417169 | |
| suppression by trypanosoma cruzi of t-cell receptor expression by activated human lymphocytes. | the immunosuppression that develops during chagas' disease and african sleeping sickness is thought to facilitate survival of the causative agents in their mammalian hosts. whereas a number of manifestations of immunosuppression manifested during the course of these diseases has been reported in patients and animals, the mechanisms by which they are induced remain obscure. an in vitro system in which phytohaemagglutinin (pha)-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear (pbmc) were co-cultured ... | 1992 | 1427979 |
| cure of murine trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infections with an s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase inhibitor. | the compound 5'-([(z)-4-amino-2-butenyl]methylamino)-5'-deoxyadenosine (mdl73811), a potent inhibitor of s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, was effective in mice against six of eight clinical isolates of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, the causative agent of east african sleeping sickness. in combination with the ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor dl-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (dfmo; ornidyl), mdl73811 acted synergistically to cure seven of eight infections. mdl73811 was effective when given ... | 1992 | 1482141 |
| cyclic 2',3'-phosphates and nontemplated nucleotides at the 3' end of spliceosomal u6 small nuclear rna's. | spliceosomal u6 small nuclear rna (u6 rna) in species as diverse as man, frog, fruitfly, and soybean have at their 3' ends a cyclic 2',3'-phosphate (greater than p) apparently derived from uridylic acid residues that were added post-transcriptionally. the 3' ends of u6 rna's from various sources may be processed in different ways, or to different extents, depending on the organism or stage of development. the presence of a greater than p terminus on u6 rna may influence the activity of u6 rna ei ... | 1992 | 1549778 |
| differential expression of two mrnas from a single gene encoding an hmg1-like dna binding protein of african trypanosomes. | we have isolated cdna clones expressing a member of the high mobility group (hmg) protein family by screening a trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense expression cdna library with multimerized oligonucleotides corresponding to an octamer transcriptional regulatory sequence motif. the trypanosome dna binding protein (tdp-1) encoded by these cdnas contains two domains that show striking sequence similarity to the consensus sequence for hmg1-like dna binding domains (hmg boxes). southern blot analysis is c ... | 1992 | 1565127 |
| multicentre evaluation of an antigen-detection elisa for the diagnosis of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense sleeping sickness. | the performance of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (antigen elisa) for the detection, in serum or cerebrospinal fluid, of an invariant trypanosome antigen to diagnose trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense sleeping sickness was evaluated in four clinical treatment centres. the test, which was carried out in polystyrene test-tubes, was positive in 88 (88.9%) of 99 parasitologically confirmed cases that were tested at the national institute for medical research, tabora, united republic of tanzania; 9 ... | 1992 | 1568281 |
| identification of basic fibroblast growth factor-like proteins in african trypanosomes and leishmania. | basic fibroblast growth factor (bfgf) is a multifunctional, heparin-binding, mitogenic polypeptide found in all tissues or cells of multicellular organisms so far examined. here we report that trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense procyclic culture forms (pcf) and leishmania donovani promastigotes grown in serum-containing and serum-free medium, contained peptides of 15-34 kda which bound heparin-sepharose with high affinity and which reacted in immunoblots with several preparations of antibodies speci ... | 1992 | 1574077 |
| evaluation of procyclic agglutination trypanosomiasis test (patt) for the immunodiagnosis of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense sleeping sickness in kenya. | documented sera from 156 patients admitted to alupe sleeping sickness hospital in western kenya were tested to determine the potential usefulness of procclic agglutination trypanosomiasis test (patt) for the diagnosis of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense african sleeping sickness. a total of 490 serum samples were tested, including 42 controls. anti-trypanosome antibodies were detected in 99% of the sera taken prior to trypanocidal drug therapy. antibody levels remained high during course of treatm ... | 1992 | 1598505 |
| the significance of human serum sensitivity in the context of t.b. rhodesiense sleeping sickness epidemiology and control. | earlier this century the postulate that trypanosoma brucei brucei and t.b. rhodesiense had a common identity and that human infectability was linked with resistance to normal human serum (nhs) in vitro, were both finally refuted in the classical tinde experiment. interest in serum sensitivity was reawakened with the advent of the biit in 1970 and the studies that followed demonstrated the presence of both human-serum-resistant (hsr) and sensitive (hss) variant antigen types, within the surface a ... | 1992 | 1644047 |
| cytoskeleton-associated antigens from african trypanosomes are recognized by self-reactive antibodies of uninfected mice. | serum from uninfected mice of different strains, as well as from germ-free animals, contains antibodies which react specifically with at least two trypanosomal proteins, i/6 and marp1. these antibody populations are highly specific for the respective proteins, are of similar affinity as hyperimmune antibodies, and consist of igm as well as igg isotypes. hyperimmune antibody raised against the cross-reacting trypanosomal protein i/6 detects a 60 kda protein in mouse 3t6 cells, which is a componen ... | 1993 | 7506406 |
| trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense: membrane glycoproteins localized primarily in endosomes and lysosomes of bloodstream forms. | bloodstream forms of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense take up macromolecules in endocytic vesicles that form in a large coated pit called the flagellar pocket. glycoproteins that bind to ricin are concentrated in the flagellar pocket and in intracellular vesicles. we purified triton x-100-soluble ricin-binding glycoproteins by lectin affinity chromatography and immunized mice to generate hybridomas. monoclonal antibody produced by the cb1 hybridoma recognized heterodisperse trypanosome components ... | 1993 | 7685707 |
| current situation of african trypanosomiasis. | african trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) is fatal, if untreated, and occurs in 36 african countries, south of the sahara, where some 50 million people are at risk of acquiring infection. in the absence of adequate control measures epidemics occur, which are costly and difficult to control. the history of sleeping sickness has been characterized by waves of epidemics, resurgences and outbreaks. nevertheless, sleeping sickness has been brought practically under control in the early 1950s, in we ... | 1993 | 7902654 |
| isoenzyme comparison of trypanozoon isolates from two sleeping sickness areas of south-eastern uganda. | the study characterized 151 trypanozoon isolates from south-east uganda by isoenzyme electrophoresis. stocks were from a range of hosts, including man, cattle, pigs, dogs and glossina fuscipes fuscipes: 104 isolates were from the busoga area, 47 were from the tororo district. stocks were characterized on thin layer starch gel using eight enzyme systems: alat, asat, icd, mdh, me, nhd, nhi, pgm. enzyme profiles were generally typical of east africa; new patterns for icd and me were detected. trypa ... | 1993 | 7903841 |
| resistance to dl-alpha-difluoromethylornithine by clinical isolates of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. role of s-adenosylmethionine. | the ornithine decarboxylase (odc) inhibitor dl-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (dfmo) has emerged as a new treatment for west african sleeping sickness but is less effective against east african sleeping sickness. we examined uncloned clinical isolates of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, agent of the disease in east africa, which were refractory to dfmo in laboratory infections, for characteristics that would explain their resistance. none of the isolates were from patients treated with dfmo. two i ... | 1993 | 8347171 |
| evaluation of the in vitro transformation technique to distinguish trypanosoma evansi from cyclically transmitted trypanozoon stocks. | in order to initiate transformation into procyclic forms, bloodstream trypanosomes, were transferred to semi-defined medium at 27 degrees c. all stocks previously classified as trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, t.b. gambiense and t.b. brucei transformed into procyclic forms. none of the 31 characterized t. evansi stocks transformed into procyclic forms, but died between day 4 and day 6 in culture. on the other hand, 3 out of 64 stocks of monomorphic brucei subgroup field isolates from camels trans ... | 1993 | 8367656 |
| point mutations are associated with a gene duplication leading to the bloodstream reexpression of a trypanosome metacyclic vsg. | african trypanosomes evade the immune response of their hosts by sequentially expressing different variant surface glycoproteins (vsgs). we isolated a bloodstream trypanosome clone of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense that expresses a vsg normally present during the metacyclic stage of the parasite in the insect vector. associated with the bloodstream reexpression of this metacyclic vsg is a gene conversion in which the duplicated, expressed gene of 1650 nt contains 11 scattered point mutations whe ... | 1993 | 8381717 |
| pharmacokinetic properties of the trypanocidal drug melarsoprol. | with a biological assay and atomic absorption spectrometry we determined the level of melarsoprol in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of 19 patients treated with melarsoprol in daloa, ivory coast. most serum levels were between 2 and 4 micrograms/ml 24 h after administration, and were still > or = 0.1 microgram/ml after 120 h. levels in the cerebrospinal fluid were between 0 and 0.1 microgram/ml. elimination was biphasic, with a pronounced beta 1 phase. mean terminal elimination half-life of me ... | 1993 | 8391966 |
| rickettsia-like organisms and chitinase production in relation to transmission of trypanosomes by tsetse flies. | rickettsia-like organisms (rlo) from testse midguts and mosquito cell cultures showed high levels of endochitinase activity. a line of glossina morsitans morsitans highly susceptible to midgut trypanosome infection and with high incidence of rlo infection showed significantly greater chitinolytic activity than g. austeni which had low rlo incidence and were correspondingly refractory to midgut infection. midgut infection rates of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in g. m. morsitans showed a dose-re ... | 1993 | 8414668 |
| characterization of t helper cell responses to the trypanosome variant surface glycoprotein. | t cell responses to the variant surface glycoprotein (vsg) previously have not been detected in animals infected with the african trypanosomes despite the fact that such animals make strong t-dependent b cell responses to vsg molecules displayed by the parasites. in the present study, we have examined b 10.br mice for vsg-specific th cell responses at different times after infection with trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense clone loutat 1. t cell populations derived from different tissues were tested ... | 1993 | 8454863 |
| use of immunoplot analysis for the identification of immunodominant non-variant antigens of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. | the application of the 'immunoplot' technique to the analysis of a complex series of immunoblots is described. a number of isolates of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense blood forms from uganda, kenya and zambia were separated by sds-page under reducing and non-reducing conditions and transferred by immunoblotting onto nitrocellulose paper. the separated antigens from each isolate were then probed with sera from european and endemic controls, and a large panel of sera from confirmed trypanosomiasis ... | 1993 | 8505551 |
| trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense: the inhibition of hl-60 cell growth by the african trypanosomes in vitro. | trypanosomiasis is of major public health importance in africa where the disease affects man and livestock. in order to explore the underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis in african trypanosomiasis, we studied the inhibition of host cell (human promyelocytic hl-60 cells) growth by trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense using an in vitro system. this inhibition was not due to changes in ph or nutritional depletion of the culture medium by the trypanosomes as inhibitory activity was still observed in cultu ... | 1993 | 8224086 |
| suppressor macrophages in african trypanosomiasis inhibit t cell proliferative responses by nitric oxide and prostaglandins. | suppression of host t cell responses is one of the hallmarks of infection with the african trypanosomes. the cellular basis for immunosuppression includes the generation of suppressor macrophages that down-regulate t cell proliferative but not necessarily cytokine responses to both mitogen and trypanosome ag. since macrophages from infected animals display activation characteristics, we have asked whether products of activated cells, specifically nitric oxide (no) and pg, may mediate the suppres ... | 1993 | 8228241 |
| thyroid dysfunction in african trypanosomiasis: a possible role for inflammatory cytokines. | sleeping sickness (african trypanosomiasis) is an anthropozoonosis transmitted by the tsetse fly. the treatments of choice are the antiparasitic agents suramin and/or melarsoprol. experimental infection of animals with trypanosoma brucei results in inflammatory lesions in the pituitary and/or the thyroid gland. in biochemical terms, these animals have hypothyroidism. we evaluated the functional integrity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in patients with african trypanosomiasis before, ... | 1993 | 8287572 |
| a colorimetric assay for trypanosome viability and metabolic function. | we have adapted a tetrazolium salt (mtt) colorimetric cytotoxicity assay to the assessment of viability and metabolic function in cultured african trypanosomes. trypomastigotes of trypanosoma congolense and t. brucei rhodesianse were harvested from the blood of parasitemic rats and cultured under axenic conditions that support trypanosome viability and growth. analysis of serial dilutions of these bloodstream forms indicated that the assay could detect 10(4) parasites. to assess the effect of ly ... | 1993 | 8291189 |
| isozyme variability of trypanosoma brucei s.l.: genetic, taxonomic, and epidemiological significance. | seventy-eight trypanosoma brucei s.l. stocks from different hosts, representing the three trypanosoma brucei subspecies and three trypanosoma evansi stocks, were studied for variation at 18 polymorphic isozyme loci. the results were used to determine the genetic variability among stocks and to estimate gene flow among populations. total genetic variability in t. brucei s.l. was less than that in trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of chagas' disease. results support a clonal population structure in t. ... | 1994 | 8299755 |
| a common pyrimidine-rich motif governs trans-splicing and polyadenylation of tubulin polycistronic pre-mrna in trypanosomes. | in trypanosomes, the generation of monocistronic mrnas from polycistronic precursors is achieved via rna processing, namely trans-splicing of the spliced leader sequence at the 5' end and cleavage/polyadenylation at the 3' end of the mrna coding region. recent evidence raised the intriguing possibility that these two reactions are coupled. to begin a dissection of the signals required for mrna 5'-end and 3'-end formation and to uncover potential interactions between trans-splicing and polyadenyl ... | 1994 | 7907303 |
| delayed recovery of adrenocortical and testicular function after chemotherapy of human trypanosomiasis. | the following indicators of pituitary, adreno-cortical and testicular function were measured in 58 male african trypanosomiasis patients from western kenya; plasma cortisol, luteinizing hormone (lh) and testosterone levels. the measurements were carried out by specific radioimmunoassay methods in early and late stage infected patients on admission to hospital and in both groups of patients after one month of chemotherapy. packed cell volume (pcv) and hemoglobin levels were also measured in all t ... | 1994 | 7942356 |
| risk factors assessment for t. b. rhodesiense sleeping sickness acquisition in s.e. uganda. a case-control study. | the major risk factors associated with acquisition of t. b. rhodesiense sleeping sickness in the busoga focus, s.e. uganda were investigated using a case-control study. 122 cases and 244 matched controls were used in the study. for each case two age-, sex- and resistance controls (1 matched nearest neighbour control and 1 village control) were selected. patients and controls answered the same questionnaire which had been developed and field tested before the field study started. a logistic regre ... | 1994 | 7944647 |
| the persistence of genetic homogeneity among trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense isolates from patients in north-west tanzania. | trypanosomes isolated during 1991 from nine patients with rhodesian sleeping sickness in north-west tanzania were genetically characterized by electrophoresis of ten enzymes. eight isolates were allocated to a known zymodeme (z306); another had an enzyme profile (z379) not previously encountered. an example of z306 has been previously isolated in 1971, nearby in a part of rwanda adjacent to the border with tanzania; in addition, a closely related isolate, in z307, was collected in 1959 from a pa ... | 1994 | 8023757 |
| a monocistronic transcript for a trypanosome variant surface glycoprotein. | many protein-encoding genes of african trypanosomes are transcribed as large polycistronic pre-mrnas that are processed into individual mrnas containing a 5' spliced leader and 3' poly(a). the 45- to 60-kb pre-mrnas encoding some variant surface glycoproteins (vsgs) contain as many as eight unrelated coding regions. here we identify the promoter for a metacyclic vsg gene that is expressed without duplication in a bloodstream trypanosome clone. this 70-bp promoter is located 2 kb upstream of the ... | 1994 | 8035832 |
| the treatment of human african trypanosomiasis. | 1994 | 8122565 | |
| immunoassay of circulating trypanosomal antigens in sleeping sickness patients undergoing treatment. | sera from 99 patients infected with trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and undergoing treatment, were analyzed for circulating trypanosomal antigens using a sandwich antigen-trapping enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). trypanosomal antigens were detected in 83 (84%) of the patients. post-treatment antigen profile in 67 patients showed five distinct patterns: in 48% of the patients antigen levels remained elevated throughout the time of hospitalisation and follow-up; in 31%, antigens dropped t ... | 1994 | 8150987 |
| midgut lectin activity and sugar specificity in teneral and fed tsetse. | midgut infection rates of trypanosoma congolense in glossina palpalis palpalis and of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in glossina pallidipes are potentiated by the addition of d+ glucosamine to the infective feed, but not to the levels of super-infection reported for g.m.morsitans, g.p.palpalis and g.pallidipes are shown to possess two trypanocidal molecules: a glucosyl lectin which can be inhibited by d+ glucosamine and a galactosyl molecule inhibited by d+ galactose. addition of both d+ glucosa ... | 1994 | 8161852 |
| evidence for an interplay between cell cycle progression and the initiation of differentiation between life cycle forms of african trypanosomes. | successful transmission of the african trypanosome between the mammalian host blood-stream and the tsetse fly vector involves dramatic alterations in the parasite's morphology and biochemistry. this differentiation through to the tsetse midgut procyclic form is accompanied by re-entry into a proliferative cell cycle. using a synchronous differentiation model and a variety of markers diagnostic for progress through both differentiation and the cell cycle, we have investigated the interplay betwee ... | 1994 | 8195296 |
| a strand bias occurs in point mutations associated with variant surface glycoprotein gene conversion in trypanosoma rhodesiense. | we previously described a bloodstream trypansoma rhodesiense clone, mvat5-rx2, whose isolation was based on its cross-reactivity with a monoclonal antibody (mab) directed against a metacyclic variant surface glycoprotein (vsg). when the duplicated, expressed vsg gene in mvat5-rx2 was compared with its donor (basic copy) gene, 11 nucleotide differences were found in the respective 1.5-kb coding regions (y. lu, t. hall, l. s. gay, and j. e. donelson, cell 72:397-406, 1993). here we describe a char ... | 1994 | 8196636 |
| combination chemotherapy of drug-resistant trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infections in mice using dl-alpha-difluoromethylornithine and standard trypanocides. | combinations of dl-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (dfmo; eflornithine; ornidyl) with either suramin or melarsen oxide were found to be effective against acute laboratory model infections with trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. we used clinical isolates known to be resistant to these drugs when used singly. an infection with a melarsen oxide-refractory isolate was cured by a combination of low-dose dfmo (0.5% in the drinking water) plus low-dose suramin (1 mg/kg of body weight given intraperitoneally ... | 1994 | 8203855 |
| transport of a lysosomal membrane glycoprotein from the golgi to endosomes and lysosomes via the cell surface in african trypanosomes. | gp57/42 is a membrane glycoprotein localized in the trans-golgi, flagellar pocket region of the cell surface, endosomes and lysosomes of bloodstream forms of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. pulse-chase immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that gp57/42 acquires a unique n-linked oligosaccharide recognized by the cb1 monoclonal antibody 20-30 minutes after protein synthesis, probably in the trans-golgi. we refer to gp57/42 molecules that carry the cb1 epitope as cb1-gp. pulse labeled cb1-gp co ... | 1994 | 7699016 |
| [horizon 2000: what are the perspectives for african trypanosomiasis?]. | 1994 | 7496188 | |
| identification of trypanosomes in animals, humans and glossina. | a number of biochemical methods are now available for the identification of african trypanosomes. the method of choice depends on the number of trypanosomes present in the sample and the taxonomic level required. dna probes based on repetitive dna elements allow identification to subgeneric (e.g. trypanozoon), species (e.g. trypanosoma congolense, t. simiae) or subspecific (e.g. t. congolense savannah) levels. these probes are particularly useful for identification of trypanosomes in the fly mid ... | 1994 | 7496192 |
| [current therapy of trypanosomiasis]. | the authors review the available products used for human african trypanosomiasis (hat) chemotherapy: pentamidine, suramin, melarsoprol and the new compound dfmo. the administration of pentamidine at the beginning of the nervous stage, when the number of cells in the cerebrospinal fluid do not exceed 20/mn3 is a new approach for hat treatment. at this time of the disease, patients generally are healthy and the pentamidine therapy avoids the use of the toxic melarsoprol (arsobal). an alternative p ... | 1994 | 7496197 |
| [the sleep-wake cycle during trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense human african trypanosomiasis in 2 french parachutists]. | polysomnography was performed in two military personnel who contracted human african trypanosomiasis (hat) in rwanda. they were evacuated to france and gramined during the fourth, sixth and eleventh months of evolution. patient a presented a meningoencephalitis with trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (t. b. r.) in the cerebrospinal fluid. between the second and third treatments with melarsoprol, the patient presented an acute encephalitic attack with pyramidal and cerebellar symptoms, which were imp ... | 1994 | 7496202 |
| the serum resistance-associated (sra) gene of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense encodes a variant surface glycoprotein-like protein. | in the trypanosoma brucei species, t. b. rhodesiense and t. b. gambiense represent the human infective host range variants, while t. b. brucei is lysed upon exposure to a cytotoxic factor in normal human serum. t. b. rhodesiense can occur in a serum-resistant and a serum-sensitive form. the resistance towards normal human serum was shown to be a labile character and to be determined by the environment in which the parasites live. we have clearly demonstrated the presence of rna transcripts uniqu ... | 1994 | 7739673 |
| mechanism of lysis of trypanosoma brucei gambiense by human serum. | resistance to lysis by human serum (hs) is an important parameter used to distinguish trypanosoma brucei brucei from both trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and trypanosoma brucei gambiense. neither the exact nature of the trypanolytic factor (tlf) nor the mechanism of action by which hs lyses susceptible trypanosomes is well understood. this report tries to elucidate the role played by the variable surface glycoprotein (vsg) coat and trypanosome surface-related processes in the mechanism of hs lysi ... | 1994 | 7799165 |
| human serum-sensitive trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense: a comparison with serologically identical human serum-resistant clones. | trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense clones, which are susceptible to lysis by normal human serum, were isolated from 3 different human serum-resistant clones originally derived from strain etat 1.10. serologically, these pairs of serum-sensitive and serum-resistant clones displayed the same variant surface glycoprotein (vsg) on their surface. acquisition of human serum sensitivity correlated with susceptibility to lysis by human high density lipoprotein, a trypanocidal factor in normal human serum. a ... | 1994 | 7808471 |
| a multiple antigen detection dipstick colloidal dye immunoassay for the field diagnosis of trypanosome infections in cattle. | monoclonal antibodies (mcabs) were developed against aspartate aminotransferase purified from trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense bloodstream form (bf) soluble extracts using a combination of anion-exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. mcab 1a1 was trypanozoon and nannomonas specific while 2f1 was trypanozoon bloodstream form specific. a dipstick colloidal dye immunoassay (dia) was employed as a field diagnostic test for african trypanosome infections and designed using affinity purifi ... | 1994 | 7886920 |
| trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense: use of an antigen detection enzyme immunoassay for evaluation of response to chemotherapy in infected vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops). | thirty eight trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense-infected vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) in the late (meningoencephalitic) stage of disease, treated with various trypanocidal drugs, were monitored for a period of more than 600 days to assess the rate of clearance of trypanosome antigens from serum and cerebrospinal fluid (csf). there was a complete but gradual reduction in antigen titres, as assessed by elisa, in animals treated intravenously with melarsoprol, the standard drug for the late ... | 1994 | 7899795 |
| s-(5'-deoxy-5'-adenosyl)-1-aminoxy-4-(methylsulfonio)-2-cyclopentene (adomao): an irreversible inhibitor of s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase with potent in vitro antitrypanosomal activity. | the s-adenosylmethionine (adomet) analogue s-(5'-deoxy-5'-adenosyl)-1-aminoxy-4-(methylsulfonio)-2-cycl opentene (adomao) was synthesized in two of its four possible diastereomeric forms using a facile chemoenzymatic route. the trans-1r,4r- and trans-1s,4s-diastereomers of adomao, as well as the corresponding diastereomers of the unmethylated precursor molecule nor-adomao, were then evaluated as inhibitors of s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (adomet-dc) from both bacterial and human sources. a ... | 1995 | 7752200 |
| multiple tropical pathology in an hiv-positive man. | 1995 | 7779928 | |
| establishment of a partly dfmo-sensitive primate model of trypanosoma rhodesiense sleeping sickness. | 1995 | 7785528 | |
| trypanozoon: infectivity to humans is linked to reduced transmissibility in tsetse. i. comparison of human serum-resistant and human serum-sensitive field isolates. | the transmissibility of recent isolates of human serum-sensitive (hss) and human serum-resistant (hsr) trypanozoon was compared by transmission of 37 stocks through an inbred line of glossina m. morsitans. as in previous studies maturation was found to be dependent on fly sex with males producing significantly greater proportions of salivary gland infections than females. hss stocks were, however, 1.8 times more likely to mature to mammalian infective form than hsr stocks in male tsetse and 2.7 ... | 1995 | 7498437 |
| a successful backcross in trypanosoma brucei. | genetic exchange can take place between different strains of trypanosoma brucei ssp. when they are cotransmitted via the tsetse fly vector, but the mechanism and limits of compatibility between strains are ill-defined as yet. following the recovery of several hybrid genotypes with single drug resistance from a cross of drug resistant parental strains, we attempted a series of backcrosses and f1 crosses, selecting hybrids by double drug resistance. of 4 backcrosses, one produced hybrid progeny, t ... | 1995 | 7723777 |
| innate lack of susceptibility of ugandan trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense to dl-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (dfmo). | trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense isolates from south east uganda were characterized for susceptibility to the drugs suramin, nifurtimox, melarsoprol and dl-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (dfmo). two different assays were used to determine the drug susceptibility of the field isolates: the [3h]hypoxanthine incorporation assay (24 hours) and the long term viability assay (10 days). all trypanosome stocks were susceptible to suramin and nifurtimox. differences in the susceptibility to melarsoprol were ... | 1995 | 8533023 |
| the putative promoter for a metacyclic vsg gene in african trypanosomes. | during their metacyclic developmental stage, african trypanosomes are coated with one of 12-15 variant surface glycoproteins (vsgs) that define different metacyclic variant antigen types (mvats). the mvat vsg genes are located near telomeres of large chromosomes and are expressed without rearrangement in the metacyclic stage. we have cloned and examined the telomere-linked mvat5 vsg gene and its upstream expression site associated gene (esag i) which are separated by 4.5 kb. within this 4.5-kb i ... | 1995 | 8538698 |
| genetic diversity and population structure of trypanosoma brucei: clonality versus sexuality. | genomic fingerprinting by arbitrarily primed pcr was used to analyze the genetic variability among 59 trypanosoma brucei stocks representing the three t. brucei subspecies isolated from various hosts and different countries in africa. 14 oligonucleotide primers revealed 355 polymorphic binary characters which were used for phenetic and phylogenetic analysis and to perform recombination tests exploring the linkage disequilibrium in the sample. there was good concordance between arbitrarily primed ... | 1995 | 8538703 |
| successful treatment of experimental murine trypanosoma brucei infection with topical melarsoprol gel. | melarsoprol gel applied topically (0.1 ml for at least 2 d) can cure late-stage trypanosoma brucei brucei and t. b. rhodesiense infections in mice. the best regimen was 3 applications at approximately 0, 6, and 24 h. the melarsoprol gel retained its activity at room temperature for at least 63 d. there was only minimal skin irritation and no sign of toxicity. | 1995 | 8560533 |
| cdna expressed sequence tags of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense provide new insights into the biology of the parasite. | a total of 518 expressed sequence tags (ests) have been generated from clones randomly selected from a cdna library and a spliced leader sub-library of a trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense bloodstream clone. 205 (39%) of the clones were identified based on matches to 113 unique genes in the public databases. of these, 71 cdnas display significant similarities to genes in unrelated organisms encoding metabolic enzymes, signal transduction proteins, transcription factors, ribosomal proteins, histones, ... | 1995 | 8577350 |
| low temperature reversibly inhibits transport from tubular endosomes to a perinuclear, acidic compartment in african trypanosomes. | we have used electron microscopy and flow cytofluorimetry to study endocytosis and intracellular transport of fluid phase bovine serum albumen gold complexes and membrane bound concanavalin a through endosomal compartments of bloodstream forms of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. both markers were rapidly endocytosed from the flagellar pocket. within 20 minutes at 37 degrees c the markers reached a large, vesicular, perinuclear compartment that stained heavily with the cb1 monoclonal antibody. nei ... | 1995 | 8586672 |
| the in vitro hl-60 cell--trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense culture system: a rapid in vitro drug screen. | the in vitro culture system is described in which trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (loutat.1) was grown with the human feed layer cell hl-60. the use of this system in determining the 50% growth inhibitory concentration (ic50) of unknown compounds for both the trypanosomes and the host cell was demonstrated. the data shows that several analogues of pentamidine have significantly reduced host cell toxicity but maintain or have increased typanocidal activity. the value of the trypanosome/hl-60 in vi ... | 1995 | 8826107 |
| the subspecific taxonomy of trypanosoma brucei. | trypanosoma brucei was first seen by david bruce in 1894, in the blood of a cow in south africa, and named in his honour in 1899. trypanosomes seen in the blood of an englishman in the gambia in 1901 were named t. gambiense in 1902. finally, in 1909, trypanosomes from the blood of an englishman in zambia ("rhodesia") were named t. rhodesiense. since then there has been continuous debate about the interrelationships of these three "species". studies of the molecular biology of these trypanosomes, ... | 1995 | 9137639 |
| human serum resistant trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense accumulates similar amounts of fluorescently-labelled trypanolytic human hdl3 particles as human serum sensitive t.b. brucei. | 1995 | 8719251 |