Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| tick-borne great island virus: (ii) impact of age-related acquired immunity on transmission in a natural seabird host. | tick-borne pathogen transmission is dependent upon tick number per host and the physical and temporal distribution of each feeding stage. age-related acquired immunity to tick and pathogen may also be important but has received less attention. in this study we evaluate which of these parameters has the greatest impact on great island virus (giv) transmission between ixodes uriae ticks and common guillemots (uria aalge). the study system is well suited to investigate age-related effects because t ... | 2006 | 16197591 |
| tick-borne great island virus: (i) identification of seabird host and evidence for co-feeding and viraemic transmission. | great island virus (giv) is an arbovirus present in the tick ixodes uriae, a common ectoparasite of nesting seabirds. common guillemot (uria aalge) and black-legged kittiwake (rissa tridactyla) are the preferred and most abundant hosts of i. uriae on the isle of may, scotland. as part of a study to understand the epidemiology of giv, the ability of guillemot and kittiwake to support tick-borne transmission of giv was examined. giv was present in ticks feeding in isolated guillemot colonies and g ... | 2006 | 16216136 |
| temporal trend of bis(4-chlorophenyl) sulfone, methylsulfonyl-dde and -pcbs in baltic guillemot (uria aalge) egg 1971-2001--a comparison to 4,4'-dde and pcb trends. | the dynamics of organohalogen contaminants and their metabolites are best studied over time by analysis of biota at high trophic levels. in this study, time trends, 1971-2001, of bis(4-chlorophenyl) sulfone (bcps) and of methylsulfonyl-substituted metabolites of pcbs and 4,4'-dde, were investigated in eggs of guillemot (uria aalge) hatching in the baltic proper. temporal trends of pcbs, trans-nonachlor, beta-hch, 4,4'-ddt, and 4,4'-dde were also assessed. tris(4-chlorophenyl) methane (tcpme), a ... | 2006 | 16225974 |
| polyaromatic hydrocarbon and pah metabolite burdens in oiled common guillemots (uria aalge) stranded on the east coast of england (2001 -2002). | aside from the physical effects of oiling (e.g., hypothermia, dehydration, emaciation), chronic toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) contamination is an important factor influencing long-term recovery of oiled sea birds following an oil spill. monitoring pah exposure can help identify populations at risk from toxic effects of pahs for further study and/or protection. this is the first studyto quantify pah and metabolite tissue burdens in sea birds directly oiled following oil spil ... | 2006 | 17256552 |
| determinants of quality in a long-lived colonial species. | 1. in many animal populations a small proportion of individuals produce the majority of surviving offspring, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. behaviour may be an important determinant of variation in fitness: 'high-quality' individuals may have enhanced abilities in foraging or predator and parasite avoidance. 2. the role of behaviour in determining variation in quality was examined using the common guillemot uria aalge, a monogamous seabird with biparental care. using a novel mixed mo ... | 2006 | 17032362 |
| responding to environmental change: plastic responses vary little in a synchronous breeder. | the impact of environmental change on animal populations is strongly influenced by the ability of individuals to plastically adjust key life-history events. there is therefore considerable interest in establishing the degree of plasticity in traits and how selection acts on plasticity in natural populations. breeding time is a key life-history trait that affects fitness and recent studies have found that females vary significantly in their breeding time-environment relationships, with selection ... | 2006 | 17015329 |
| recruitment to a seabird population depends on environmental factors and on population size. | 1. a novel capture-mark-recapture (cmr) method was used to build a multistate model of recruitment by young birds to a breeding population of common guillemots uria aalge on the isle of may, scotland. recruitment of a total of 2757 individually marked guillemots over 17 years was modelled as a process where individuals had to move from an unobservable state at sea, through a nonbreeding state present in the colony, to the breeding state. the probabilities of individuals returning to the colony i ... | 2006 | 16903060 |
| multivariate data analysis of organochlorines and brominated flame retardants in baltic sea guillemot (uria aalge) egg and muscle. | concentrations of organochlorines (ocs) and brominated flame-retardants (bfrs) were determined in guillemot (uria aalge) eggs from the island of stora karlsö in the baltic sea where 10 eggs/year were collected in the years 2000, 2001 and 2002. the dominating contaminant in egg was p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-dde) with a geometric mean (gm) concentration of 18200 ng/g lipid weight (lw). the gm concentration in egg of hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd) of 140 ng/glw, was significantly h ... | 2006 | 16674995 |
| interpreting time trends and biomagnification of pcbs in the baltic region using the equilibrium lipid partitioning approach. | multi-year monitoring data for pcbs in abiotic media and biota collected from the baltic region were compiled into a database and analyzed using the equilibrium lipid partitioning (elp) approach to study temporal trends as well as to investigate food web biomagnification. statistically significant reductions in elp concentrations between 1987 and 2001 were observed in guillemots, air, and some fish species and a general, but not always statistically significant decline in concentrations was obse ... | 2006 | 16603291 |
| prey density and the behavioral flexibility of a marine predator: the common murre (uria aalge). | flexible time budgets allow individual animals to buffer the effects of variable food availability by allocating more time to foraging when food density decreases. this trait should be especially important for marine predators that forage on patchy and ephemeral food resources. we examined flexible time allocation by a long-lived marine predator, the common murre (uria aalge), using data collected in a five-year study at three colonies in alaska (usa) with contrasting environmental conditions. a ... | 2007 | 17824434 |
| biomarkers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah)-associated hemolytic anemia in oiled wildlife. | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in crude oil cause a range of adverse effects in oiled seabirds, one of the most common being hemolytic anemia via oxidative attack of erythrocytes by pah metabolites resulting in hemoglobin leakage and formation of heinz bodies. in such cases, haptoglobin and ferritin are up-regulated to sequester free hb and iron in the circulation. we investigated these plasma proteins as biomarkers of pah-induced heinz body hemolytic anemia in oiled seabirds. concentra ... | 2007 | 17674967 |
| selective bioaccumulation of chlorinated pesticides and metabolites in arctic seabirds. | chlorinated pesticides and metabolites (cps) were quantified in the seabird species: little auk (alle alle), brünnich's guillemot (uria lomvia), black guillemot (cepphus grylle) and black-legged kittiwake (rissa tridactyla). the purpose was to evaluate avian accumulation of selected cps based on their concentrations and relative patterns, their relation to dietary descriptors (stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen), to enzymes involved in biotransformation, as well as cps' accumulation potentia ... | 2007 | 16890332 |
| bioaccumulation of polonium 210po in marine birds. | the aim of this work was to determine the 210po content in marine birds which permanently or temporally live in the polish part of the baltic sea. we chose 11 species of sea birds: three species permanently residing at southern baltic sea, four species of wintering birds and three species of migrating birds. the results show that the polonium is non-uniformly distributed in the marine birds. the highest activities of 210po were observed in feathers, muscles and liver and the lowest in skin and s ... | 2007 | 17267081 |
| brünnich's guillemots (uria lomvia) maintain high temperature in the body core during dives. | a major challenge for diving birds, reptiles, and mammals is regulating body temperature while conserving oxygen through a reduction in metabolic processes. to gain insight into how these needs are met, we measured dive depth and body temperatures at the core or periphery between the skin and abdominal muscles simultaneously in freely diving brünnich's guillemots (uria lomvia), an arctic seabird, using an implantable data logger (16-mm diameter, 50-mm length, 14-g mass, little leonardo ltd., tok ... | 2007 | 17321772 |
| associations between persistent organic pollutants and vitamin status in brünnich's guillemot and common eider hatchlings. | the aim of the study was to examine associations between persistent organic pollutants and vitamin a (retinol), retinyl palmitate and vitamin e status (alpha-tocopherol) in two species occupying different trophic positions in the arctic food web. levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), some selected organochlorine pesticides (ocps), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd) were analyzed in yolk sac of newly hatched chicks of brünnich's guillemot (uria lomvia) ... | 2007 | 17467774 |
| spatial, temporal, and species variation in prevalence of influenza a viruses in wild migratory birds. | although extensive data exist on avian influenza in wild birds in north america, limited information is available from elsewhere, including europe. here, molecular diagnostic tools were employed for high-throughput surveillance of migratory birds, as an alternative to classical labor-intensive methods of virus isolation in eggs. this study included 36,809 samples from 323 bird species belonging to 18 orders, of which only 25 species of three orders were positive for influenza a virus. informatio ... | 2007 | 17500589 |
| fitness increases with partner and neighbour allopreening. | altruism and selfishness are fundamental characteristics of human and animal societies. among colonial biparental species, breeding outcome depends on interactions between mates and neighbours. however, the relationships between cooperation within and among partnerships and fitness have not been fully investigated. we show that in the highly colonial common guillemot (uria aalge), altruistic behaviour (allopreening) towards a mate was positively related to long-term fitness, whereas allopreening ... | 2007 | 17550875 |
| acetylcholinesterase activity in seabirds affected by the prestige oil spill on the galician coast (nw spain). | in november 2002, the tanker prestige broke in two and sank at the bottom of the ocean spilling about 70,000 t of fuel oil, which reached the coast of galicia. it was considered the largest spill in maritime history, greatly affecting marine and related avian species. the spilled fuel oil contained high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs). many species were affected and were found dead, although ongoing research is still being carried out on the sublethal effects. in this s ... | 2007 | 17113132 |
| effects of gill-net fishing on marine birds in a biological hotspot in the northwest atlantic. | marine biological hotspots, or areas where high abundances of species overlap in space and time, are ecologically important areas because energy flow through marine food webs, a key ecosystem process, is maximized in these areas. i investigated whether top predators aggregated at persistent spawning sites of a key forage fish species, capelin (mallotus villosus), on the ne coast of newfoundland during july and august 2000-2003. by examining the distributional patterns of top predators through sh ... | 2007 | 17650253 |
| development of a murre (uria spp.) egg control material. | the seabird tissue archival and monitoring project (stamp) is a collaborative alaska-wide effort by the us fish and wildlife service's alaska maritime national wildlife refuge (usfws/amnwr), the us geological survey's biological resources division (usgs/brd), the bureau of indian affairs alaska region subsistence branch (bia/arsb), and the national institute of standards and technology (nist) to monitor long-term (decadal) trends in environmental contaminants using seabird eggs. to support this ... | 2007 | 17103152 |
| bioaccumulation of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (pfas) in selected species from the barents sea food web. | the present study reports concentrations and biomagnification potential of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (pfas) in species from the barents sea food web. the examined species included sea ice amphipod (gammarus wilkitzkii), polar cod (boreogadus saida), black guillemot (cepphus grylle) and glaucous gull (larus hyperboreus). these were analyzed for pfas, polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (ddts) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes). perfluorooctan ... | 2007 | 17258363 |
| veterinary contributions to wildlife biology: participation in avian field studies in alaska. | this report describes the author's experiences in participating in avian research during 3 field seasons in remote areas in prince william sound (pws), located in south-central alaska. veterinary support was needed to biopsy the livers of nestling and adult pigeon guillemots (cepphus columba) and adult black oystercatchers (haematopus bachmani). these surgeries were part of larger research studies investigating guillemot and oystercatcher populations and possible continued exposure to residual c ... | 2007 | 18069173 |
| mercury, arsenic, cadmium, chromium lead, and selenium in feathers of pigeon guillemots (cepphus columba) from prince william sound and the aleutian islands of alaska. | arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, mercury and selenium were analyzed in the feathers of pigeon guillemots (cepphus columba) from breeding colonies in prince william sound and in the aleutian islands (amchitka, kiska) to test the null hypothesis that there were no differences in metal levels as a function of location, gender, or whether the birds were from oiled or unoiled areas in prince william sound. birds from locations with oil from the exxon valdez oil spill in the environment ha ... | 2007 | 17765292 |
| mercury levels and potential risk from subsistence foods from the aleutians. | considerable attention has been devoted to contaminants (mainly pcbs and mercury) in subsistence foods (particularly fish) from various parts of the world. however, relatively little attention has been devoted to examining mercury levels in a full range of subsistence foods from a particular region. while managers and scientists compute risk based on site-specific data on contaminant levels and consumption rates, a first step in making risk decisions by subsistence peoples is knowledge about the ... | 2007 | 17590413 |
| metals and radionuclides in birds and eggs from amchitka and kiska islands in the bering sea/pacific ocean ecosystem. | metals and radionuclide levels in marine birds of the aleutians are of interest because they are part of subsistence diets of the aleut people, and can also serve as indicators of marine pollution. we examined geographic and species-specific variations in concentrations of radionuclides in birds and their eggs from amchitka, the site of underground nuclear tests from 1965 to 1971, and kiska islands (a reference site) in the aleutians, and the levels of lead, mercury and cadmium in eggs. in 2004 ... | 2007 | 17206460 |
| trace element and metallothionein concentrations in seabirds from the canadian arctic. | livers and kidneys were collected for five seabird species from the canadian arctic during the 1983 and 1991 to 1993 breeding seasons. livers were analyzed for cd, hg, pb, and se, and kidneys were analyzed for cd, cu, zn, and metallothionein (mt). concentrations of the essential elements, cu and zn, were in agreement with those previously published in the literature. thick-billed murres (uria lomvia) from ivujivik on the hudson strait/hudson bay coast in northwestern quebec (canada) had the high ... | 2008 | 17944549 |
| levels and temporal trends (1983-2003) of persistent organic pollutants (pops) and mercury (hg) in seabird eggs from northern norway. | the main objective of this study was to investigate possible temporal trends of persistent organic pollutants (pops) and mercury in eggs of herring gulls (larus argentatus), black-legged kittiwakes (rissa tridactyla), common guillemots (uria aalge) and atlantic puffins (fratercula arctica) in northern norway. eggs were collected in 1983, 1993 and 2003. egg concentrations of pops (pcb congeners iupac numbers: cb-28, 74, 66, 101, 99, 110, 149, 118, 153, 105, 141, 138, 187, 128, 156, 157, 180, 170, ... | 2008 | 18262696 |
| enantiomer-specific accumulation of hexabromocyclododecanes in eggs of predatory birds. | the diastereomeric composition of hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd) in eggs of peregrine falcon (falco peregrinus), white-tailed sea eagle (haliaeetus albicilla), guillemot (uria aalge) and common tern (sterna hirundo) as well as the guillemots' main prey, herring (clupea harengus) was determined by reversed-phase chromatography with triple-stage quadrupole mass spectrometric detection (lc-ms-ms). alpha-hbcd was the predominant diastereomer in all bird species, while in herring, gamma-hbcd made a su ... | 2008 | 18440589 |
| spatial trends of polyfluorinated compounds in guillemot (uria aalge) eggs from north-western europe. | polyfluorinated alkyl compounds (pfcs) are a group of chemicals of growing concern that have been detected in biological and abiotic samples worldwide. this study reports the concentrations of a suite of pfcs: perfluorooctyl sulfonate (pfos), perfluorooctyl sulfonamide (pfosa) and perfluorinated carboxylic acids (pfcas) in guillemot (uria aalge) eggs, collected in north-western europe, from iceland, the faroe islands, sweden and two locations in norway. the highest concentrations of pfos were fo ... | 2008 | 18573516 |
| variable exposure and immunological response to lyme disease borrelia among north atlantic seabird species. | colonial seabirds often breed in large aggregations. these individuals can be exposed to parasitism by the tick ixodes uriae, but little is known about the circulation of pathogens carried by this ectoparasite, including lyme disease borrelia. here we investigated the prevalence of antibodies (ab) against borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in seabird species sampled at eight locations across the north atlantic. using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests, we found that the prevalence of anti-borr ... | 2008 | 18577503 |
| individual specialization in diet by a generalist marine predator reflects specialization in foraging behaviour. | 1. we studied chick diet in a known-age, sexed population of a long-lived seabird, the brünnich's guillemot (uria lomvia), over 15 years (n = 136; 1993-2007) and attached time-depth-temperature recorders to examine foraging behaviour in multiple years (n = 36; 2004-07). 2. adults showed specialization in prey fed to offspring, described by multiple indices calculated over 15 years: 27% of diet diversity was attributable to among-individual variation (within-individual component of total niche wi ... | 2008 | 18624834 |
| marine foraging birds as bioindicators of mercury in the gulf of maine. | from existing databases, we compiled and evaluated 604 total mercury (hg) levels in the eggs and blood of 17 species of marine foraging birds from 35 gulf of maine islands to provide baseline data and to determine the best tissue, age class, and species for future biomonitoring. while mean hg levels in most species did not exceed adverse effects thresholds, levels in some individual eggs did; for all species arithmetic mean egg hg levels ranged from 0.04 to 0.62 (microg/g, wet weight). piscivoro ... | 2008 | 19277786 |
| hitting the buffers: conspecific aggression undermines benefits of colonial breeding under adverse conditions. | colonial breeding in birds is widely considered to benefit individuals through enhanced protection against predators or transfer of information about foraging sites. this view, however, is largely based on studies of seabirds carried out under favourable conditions. recent breeding failures at many seabird colonies in the uk provide an opportunity to re-examine costs and benefits of coloniality under adverse conditions. common guillemots uria aalge are highly colonial cliff-nesting seabirds with ... | 2008 | 18796390 |
| tissue distribution of perfluorinated surfactants in common guillemot (uria aalge) from the baltic sea. | perfluorinated alkyl surfactants (pfas) were investigated in tissues and organs of the common guillemot (uria aalge) from the baltic sea. concentrations of 11 perfluorinated carboxylates, four perfluorinated sulfonates, and perfluorooctane sulfonamide were determined in egg, liver, kidney, and muscle of adult guillemot, as well as in liver from chicks, all sampled in 1989. additionally, whole herring homogenates from 2005 were analyzed, herring comprising a large part of guillemot's diet. quanti ... | 2008 | 18767639 |
| recruitment and survival of immature seabirds in relation to oil spills and climate variability. | 1. in long-lived animals with delayed maturity, the non-breeding component of the population may play an important role in buffering the effects of stochastic mortality. populations of colonial seabirds often consist of more than 50% non-breeders, yet because they spend much of their early life at sea, we understand little about their impact on the demographic process. 2. using multistate capture-mark-recapture techniques, we analyse a long-term data set of individually identifiable common guill ... | 2008 | 18624739 |
| reproductive senescence in a long-lived seabird: rates of decline in late-life performance are associated with varying costs of early reproduction. | evolutionary theories of senescence predict that rates of decline in performance parameters should be shaped by early-life trade-offs between reproduction and somatic maintenance. here we investigate factors influencing the rate of reproductive senescence in a long-lived seabird, the common guillemot uria aalge, using data collected over a 23-year period. in the last 3 years of life, individual guillemots had significantly reduced breeding success and were less likely to hold a site or attempt t ... | 2008 | 18173366 |
| the effects of variable foraging conditions on common murre (uria aalge) corticosterone concentrations and parental provisioning. | this study investigated how total corticosterone concentrations, chick-feeding rates, and adult body mass changed with food availability from 1998 to 2000 in the same individually marked common murres (uria aalge). capelin, the main prey species, arrived inshore by the onset of murre chick hatching in 1998 and 1999 (prey match years); whereas in 2000, hatching began approximately 1 week before the capelin arrived inshore to spawn (prey mismatch year). serum corticosterone concentrations were hig ... | 2008 | 17991465 |
| population genetic structure in atlantic and pacific ocean common murres (uria aalge): natural replicate tests of post-pleistocene evolution. | understanding the factors that influence population differentiation in temperate taxa can be difficult because the signatures of both historic and contemporary demographics are often reflected in population genetic patterns. fortunately, analyses based on coalescent theory can help untangle the relative influence of these historic and contemporary factors. common murres (uria aalge) are vagile seabirds that breed in the boreal and low arctic waters of the northern hemisphere. previous analyses r ... | 2008 | 19140977 |
| timing is everything: flexible phenology and shifting selection in a colonial seabird. | 1. in order to reproduce successfully in a temporally varying environment, iteroparous animals must exhibit considerable behavioural flexibility across their lifetimes. by adjusting timing of breeding each year, parents can ensure optimal overlap between the energy intensive period of offspring production and the seasonal peak in favourable environmental conditions, thereby increasing their chances of successfully rearing young. 2. few studies investigate variation among individuals in how they ... | 2009 | 19054224 |
| entanglements of marine mammals and seabirds in central california and the north-west coast of the united states 2001-2005. | entanglement records for seabirds and marine mammals were investigated for the period 2001-2005. the entanglement records were extracted from databases maintained by seven organizations operating along the west coast of the united states of america. their programmes included beach monitoring surveys, rescue and rehabilitation and regional pinniped censuses. records of 454 entanglements were documented in live animals and in carcasses for 31 bird species and nine marine mammal species. the most f ... | 2009 | 19344921 |
| assessment of emerging and traditional halogenated contaminants in guillemot (uria aalge) egg from north-western europe and the baltic sea. | persistent organic pollutants (pops) are readily detected in biological samples at remote sites in the arctic and sub-arctic due to long-range transport from source areas. the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of pops, polybrominated contaminants and their metabolites in guillemot (uria aalge) eggs from iceland, the faroe islands, norway and sweden to assess spatial trends of these compounds in the arctic and sub-arctic areas of europe. egg samples were extracted, and cleaned for ... | 2009 | 19395067 |
| mercury concentrations in seabird tissues from machias seal island, new brunswick, canada. | mercury is a pervasive environmental contaminant, the anthropogenic portion of which is increasing globally, and in northeastern north america in particular. seabirds frequently are used as indicators of the marine environment, including mercury contamination. we analysed paired samples for total mercury (hg) concentrations in feathers and blood from adult and chick, albumen, and lipid-free yolk of seven seabirds breeding on machias seal island, new brunswick, canada - arctic tern (sterna paradi ... | 2009 | 19419752 |
| murres, capelin and ocean climate: inter-annual associations across a decadal shift. | to ensure energy demands for reproduction are met, it is essential that marine birds breed during periods of peak food availability. we examined associations of the breeding chronology of common murres (uria aalge) with the timing of the inshore arrival of their primary prey, capelin (mallotus villosus) from 1980 to 2006 across a period of pervasive change in the northwest atlantic ecosystem. we also assessed the influence of ocean temperature and the north atlantic oscillation (nao; an index of ... | 2009 | 18781391 |
| description of novel babesia species and associated lesions from common murres (uria aalge) from california. | a novel babesia species is described from blood collected from 3 common murres (also known as common guillemots) (uria aalge) from california. this is the first report of a babesia species from the alcidae and the second from the charadriiformes. babesia uriae n. sp. is morphologically similar to several other avian babesia species but can be differentiated from babesia bennetti, the only other species from a host in the charadriiformes, by size of round and amoeboid forms. phylogenetic analysis ... | 2009 | 19348514 |
| thermodynamic modelling predicts energetic bottleneck for seabirds wintering in the northwest atlantic. | studying the energetics of marine top predators such as seabirds is essential to understand processes underlying adult winter survival and its impact on population dynamics. winter survival is believed to be the single most important life-history trait in long-lived species but its determinants are largely unknown. seabirds are inaccessible during this season, so conventional metabolic studies are extremely challenging and new approaches are needed. this paper describes and uses a state-of-the-a ... | 2009 | 19617442 |
| helminths of murres (alcidae: uria spp.): markers of ecological change in the marine environment. | seabirds are prominent components of the north atlantic marine environment, and their parasites offer an insight into seabird ecologic interactions. parasites also provide vital information on historic biogeography of host associations and thus may reveal broad changes in the marine ecosystem. helminths of common murres (uria aalge) and thick-billed murres (uria lomvia) in the northwest atlantic marine environment were assessed to determine parasite community composition and changes in their par ... | 2009 | 19617477 |
| current state of the populations of black-legged kittiwakes rissa tridactyla l., 1758 and guillemots uria aalge pontoppidan, 1763 and uria lomvia l., 1758 in colonies on the murman coast. | 2009 | 19650325 | |
| comparison of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, mercury and selenium in feathers in bald eagle (haliaeetus leucocephalus), and comparison with common eider (somateria mollissima), glaucous-winged gull (larus glaucescens), pigeon guillemot (cepphus columba), and tufted puffin (fratercula cirrhata) from the aleutian chain of alaska. | there is an abundance of field data for levels of metals from a range of places, but relatively few from the north pacific ocean and bering sea. in this paper we examine the levels of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, mercury and selenium in feathers from common eiders (somateria mollissima), glaucous-winged gulls (larus glaucescens), pigeon guillemots (cepphus columba), tufted puffins (fratercula cirrhata) and bald eagles (haliaeetus leucocephalus) from the aleutian chain of alaska. ... | 2009 | 18521716 |
| reduction of pcb contamination in an arctic coastal environment: a first step in assessing ecosystem recovery after the removal of a point source. | studies have documented the presence of organic contaminants in arctic marine environments due to local point sources, but little long-term data is known of the recovery process once those contaminants are removed. in this study, natural recovery of a local marine food web from a historic terrestrial source of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) at saglek bay is examined. pcbs were measured in marine sediments, shorthorn sculpin (myoxocephalus scorpius), and black guillemots (cepphus grylle) to ass ... | 2009 | 19921872 |
| using life-histories to predict and interpret variability in yolk hormones. | variation in yolk hormones is assumed to provide the plasticity necessary for mothers to individually optimize reproductive decisions via changes in offspring phenotype, the benefit being to maximise fitness. however, rather than routinely expecting adaptive variation within all species, the pattern and magnitude of yolk hormone deposition should theoretically relate to variation in life-histories. here we present data on intra-clutch variation in yolk corticosterone in three species along a dev ... | 2009 | 18952089 |
| effects of sheens associated with offshore oil and gas development on the feather microstructure of pelagic seabirds. | operational discharges of hydrocarbons from maritime activities can have major cumulative impacts on marine ecosystems. small quantities of oil (i.e., 10 ml) results in often lethally reduced thermoregulation in seabirds. thin sheens of oil and drilling fluids form around offshore petroleum production structures from currently permissible operational discharges of hydrocarbons. methodology was developed to measure feather microstructure impacts (amalgamation index or ai) associated with sheen ex ... | 2010 | 20060137 |
| stable isotopes link diet to avian yolk carotenoid allocation: a comparative study of five auk species (charadriiformes: alcidae). | the allocation of important but environmentally limited nutrients, such as carotenoids, often represents a trade-off between homeostasis and reproduction. however, key questions remain about how diet and species traits influence carotenoid allocation. we studied yolk carotenoid profiles and yolk color in relation to trophic level (based on delta(15)n values) in five species of seabirds belonging to the family alcidae: common murre (uria aalge), pigeon guillemot (cepphus columba), cassin's auklet ... | 2010 | 20210648 |
| impacts of poor food availability on positive density dependence in a highly colonial seabird. | for species with positive density dependence, costs and benefits of increasing density may depend on environmental conditions, but this has seldom been tested. by examining a colonial seabird (common guillemot) over a period of unprecedented poor food availability, we test two contrasting hypotheses suggesting that birds breeding at high density have: (i) greater leeway to increase foraging effort owing to more effective defence of unattended chicks against predators; and (ii) less leeway, owing ... | 2010 | 20335206 |
| influence of wing loading on the trade-off between pursuit-diving and flight in common guillemots and razorbills. | species of bird that use their wings for underwater propulsion are thought to face evolutionary trade-offs between flight and diving, leading to the prediction that species with different wing areas relative to body mass (i.e. different wing loadings) also differ in the relative importance of flight and diving activity during foraging trips. we tested this hypothesis for two similarly sized species of alcidae (common guillemots and razorbills) by using bird-borne devices to examine three-dimensi ... | 2010 | 20228337 |
| bioaccumulation and biomagnification of organochlorines in a marine food web at a pristine site in iceland. | organochlorine (oc) bioaccumulation and biomagnification were studied in a marine food web at a pristine site in iceland. the species studied were the gastropod and grazer chink shell (lacuna vincta), the filter feeding bivalve blue mussel (mytilus edulis), the predators butterfish (pholis gunnellus), and the seabird black guillemot (cepphus grylle), all sampled and analysed in 1996-1997. individual oc levels were generally low in chink shell and blue mussels, somewhat elevated in the fish, and ... | 2010 | 19711125 |
| organochlorine compounds and their metabolites in seven icelandic seabird species - a comparative study. | the present study is designed to assess the occurrence of a few organochlorine contaminants and their metabolites in eggs of different marine bird species in iceland, a country located in the sub-arctic of the north-western atlantic. previous investigations from e.g. sweden and the netherlands have shown some obvious differences in contaminant concentrations, including e.g. hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyl metabolites (oh-pcbs) in guillemot (uria aalge) and other bird species. eggs from sev ... | 2010 | 20356092 |
| development of a biologically inspired multi-modal wing model for aerial-aquatic robotic vehicles through empirical and numerical modelling of the common guillemot, uria aalge. | the common guillemot, uria aalge, a member of the auk family of seabirds, exhibits locomotive capabilities in both aerial and aquatic substrates. simplistic forms of this ability have yet to be achieved by robotic vehicle designs and offer significant potential as inspiration for future concept designs. in this investigation, we initially investigate the power requirements of the guillemot associated with different modes of locomotion, empirically determining the saving associated with the retra ... | 2010 | 21057174 |
| an interview with kate storey and silvia marino. interview by eva amsen. | in february 2010, in the beautiful setting of wiston house, nestled at the foot of the hilly south downs in sussex, uk, the company of biologists, the not-for-profit organisation that publishes development, held the inaugural meeting of their new workshop series dedicated to biological research (for more information on these meetings, please go to http://workshops.biologists.com/). the meeting was titled 'neural stem cells in development and disease', and was organised by kate storey, professor ... | 2010 | 20501587 |
| fishing in the dark: a pursuit-diving seabird modifies foraging behaviour in response to nocturnal light levels. | visual predators tend not to hunt during periods when efficiency is compromised by low light levels. yet common murres, a species considered a diurnal visual predator, frequently dive at night. to study foraging of murres under different light conditions, we used a combination of archival tagging methods and astronomical models to assess relationships between diving behaviour and light availability. during diurnal and crepuscular periods, murres used a wide range of the water column (2-177 m), f ... | 2011 | 22046348 |
| within and between species competition in a seabird community: statistical exploration and modeling of time-series data. | in a changing environment, the maintenance of communities is subject to many constraints (phenology, resources, climate, etc.). one such constraint is the relationship between conspecifics and competitors. in mixed colonies, seabirds may have to cope with interspecific and intraspecific competition for both space and food resources. we applied competitive interaction models to data on three seabird breeding populations: black-legged kittiwake (rissa tridactyla), common guillemot (uria aalge) and ... | 2011 | 22179331 |
| isotopic segregation between sympatric seabird species increases with nutritional stress. | dietary segregation is essential for the coexistence of closely related species of animals. however, little is known about how changes in availability of food resources might affect trophic interactions of wild animals breeding in sympatry. here, we examined how interannual variations in relative food availability (as reflected in blood levels of stress hormone corticosterone, cort) affect food partitioning (assessed via a comparison of stable isotope δ(15)n and δ(13)c ratios of blood) between t ... | 2011 | 22171022 |
| sex-specific effects of increased incubation demand on innate immunity in black guillemots. | life-history theory predicts that there should be negative fitness consequences, in terms of future reproduction and survival, for parents with increased reproductive effort. we examined whether increased incubation demand affected innate immunity and body condition by performing a clutch-size manipulation experiment in black guillemots (cepphus grylle). we found that plasma from males incubating experimentally enlarged clutches exhibited significantly reduced lysis titers compared with plasma f ... | 2011 | 21166545 |
| influence of climate change and trophic coupling across four trophic levels in the celtic sea. | climate change has had profound effects upon marine ecosystems, impacting across all trophic levels from plankton to apex predators. determining the impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems requires understanding the direct effects on all trophic levels as well as indirect effects mediated by trophic coupling. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of climate change on the pelagic food web in the celtic sea, a productive shelf region in the northeast atlantic. using long-term ... | 2012 | 23091621 |
| interspecific and intraspecific variation in selenium:mercury molar ratios in saltwater fish from the aleutians: potential protection on mercury toxicity by selenium. | a number of factors affect the consumption risk from mercury in fish, including mercury levels, seasonal patterns of mercury concentrations, human consumption patterns, and sensitive populations (e.g. pregnant women, fetuses, young children, and yet unknown genetic factors). recently the protective effects of selenium on methylmercury toxicity have been publicized, particularly for saltwater fish. we examine levels of mercury and selenium in several species of fish and seabirds from the aleutian ... | 2012 | 22664537 |
| regional, temporal, and species patterns of mercury in alaskan seabird eggs: mercury sources and cycling or food web effects? | mercury concentration ([hg]), δ(15)n, and δ(13)c values were measured in eggs from common murres (uria aalge), thick-billed murres (u. lomvia), glaucous gulls (larus hyperboreus), and glaucous-winged gulls (l. glaucescens) collected in alaska from 1999 to 2005. [hg] was normalized to a common trophic level using egg δ(15)n values and published hg trophic magnification factors. egg [hg] was higher in murres from gulf of alaska, cook inlet, and norton sound regions compared to bering sea and berin ... | 2012 | 22522226 |
| the significance of the north water polynya to arctic top predators. | the north water polynya (~76°n to 79°n and 70°w to 80°w) is known to be an important habitat for several species of marine mammals and sea birds. for millennia, it has provided the basis for subsistence hunting and human presence in the northernmost part of baffin bay. the abundance of air-breathing top predators also represents a potential source of nutrient cycling that maintains primary production. in this study, aerial surveys conducted in 2009 and 2010 were used for the first time to map th ... | 2012 | 23271401 |
| climate, copepods and seabirds in the boreal northeast atlantic - current state and future outlook. | the boreal northeast atlantic is strongly affected by current climate change, and large shifts in abundance and distribution of many organisms have been observed, including the dominant copepod calanus finmarchicus, which supports the grazing food web and thus many fish populations. at the same time, large-scale declines have been observed in many piscivorous seabirds, which depend on abundant small pelagic fish. here, we combine predictions from a niche model of c. finmarchicus with long-term d ... | 2012 | 23504776 |
| effects of freshwater housing and fluid types on aquatic bird serum electrolyte concentrations. | recent seabird mass morbidity events have highlighted the need to elucidate the effects of freshwater and hypertonic saline use for fluid therapy and housing in captive aquatic birds. serum electrolyte concentrations of northern fulmars (fulmarus glacialis; n = 9), western grebes (aechmophorus occidentalis; n = 6), and common murres (uria aalge; n = 25) housed on freshwater while undergoing rehabilitation at the san francisco bay oiled wildlife care and education center in fairfield, california, ... | 2012 | 23272353 |
| [activity of digestive enzymes of thick-billed murre (uria lomvia) and common murre (u. aalga) invaded by cestodes]. | activities of digestive enzymes (proteases, carbohydrases, acid and alkaline phosphatases) are determined in intestinal mucosa of the thick-billed and common murres comparative analysis of the obtained results is performed for non-infected and for birds infested by cestodes. it has been established that at invasion by cestode alcataenia armillaris (cestoda: tetrabothriidae), activities of carbohydrase and alkaline phosphatase in intestinal mucosa of the thick-billed murre decreases. parasitizing ... | 2012 | 22827022 |
| first robotic tracheal intubations in humans using the kepler intubation system. | intubation is one of the most important anaesthetic skills. we developed a robotic intubation system (kepler intubation system, kis) for oral tracheal intubation. | 2012 | 22457483 |
| mtdna haplotypes differ in their probability of being eliminated by a mass die-off in an abundant seabird. | in this study, we take advantage of a natural experiment--a 2004 mass die-off of the common murre in alaska to determine whether closely related mtdna haplotypes differ in their probability of being eliminated during such a short term but a marked event removing hundreds of thousands of individuals. we sequenced complete mtdna nd2 gene (1041 bp) for 168 common murres sampled from seven breeding colonies across alaska before the 2004 die-off and 127 dead murres washed ashore during the die-off. w ... | 2012 | 22354113 |
| fingerprinting polychlorinated biphenyls in environmental samples using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | a gc × gc-tofms installed with a rtx-pcb (60 m × 0.18 mm × 0.18 μm) in the first dimension and rxi- 17 (1.5 m × 0.1 mm × 0.1 μm) column in the second dimension was used to separate 188 out of 209 congeners. a further 12 congeners were identified through additional data processing resulting in the identification of a total of 200 congeners. however, caution is advised if these 12 congeners were to be used in quantitative assessments. the remaining 9 co-eluting congeners were three doublets (cb65 ... | 2013 | 24354008 |
| ingestion of plastic marine debris by common and thick-billed murres in the northwestern atlantic from 1985 to 2012. | plastic ingestion by seabirds is a growing conservation issue, but there are few time series of plastic ingestion with large sample sizes for which one can assess temporal trends. common and thick-billed murres (uria aalge and u. lomvia) are pursuit-diving auks that are legally harvested in newfoundland and labrador, canada. here, we combined previously unpublished data on plastic ingestion (from the 1980s to the 1990s) with contemporary samples (2011-2012) to evaluate changes in murres' plastic ... | 2013 | 24269010 |
| an interview with françois guillemot. interview by catarina vicente. | françois guillemot heads the division of molecular neurobiology at the mrc national institute of medical research (nimr) in london. his research focuses on the transcriptional control of neurogenesis, adult neurogenesis and the epigenetic regulation of gene expression in neural development. françois recently became an editor for development, and we asked him about his research and career, as well as his lab’s future move to the crick institute. | 2013 | 23942512 |
| decline of an arctic top predator: synchrony in colony size fluctuations, risk of extinction and the subpolar gyre. | analysis of synchrony in population fluctuations is a central topic in ecology. it can help identify factors that regulate populations, and also the scales at which these factors exert their influence. using long-term data from seven brünnich's guillemot colonies in svalbard, norway, we determined that year to year population fluctuations were synchronized in six of the seven colonies. the seventh colony was located farther away and in a different oceanographic system. moreover, all seven coloni ... | 2013 | 23771803 |
| canadian fishery closures provide a large-scale test of the impact of gillnet bycatch on seabird populations. | in 1992, the eastern canadian gillnet fisheries for northern cod and atlantic salmon were largely closed. these large-scale fishery closures resulted in the removal of tens of thousands of gillnets known to inflict high levels of seabird mortality. we used this unprecedented opportunity to test the effects of gillnet removal on seabird populations. consistent with predictions, we show that the breeding populations of divers (auks, gannets; susceptible to gillnet bycatch) have increased from pre- ... | 2013 | 23720519 |
| winter temperature affects the prevalence of ticks in an arctic seabird. | the arctic is rapidly warming and host-parasite relationships may be modified by such environmental changes. here, i showed that the average winter temperature in svalbard, arctic norway, explained almost 90% of the average prevalence of ticks in an arctic seabird, the brünnich's guillemot uria lomvia. an increase of 1°c in the average winter temperature at the nesting colony site was associated with a 5% increase in the number of birds infected by these ectoparasites in the subsequent breeding ... | 2013 | 23750259 |
| modelling the effects of prey size and distribution on prey capture rates of two sympatric marine predators. | understanding how prey capture rates are influenced by feeding ecology and environmental conditions is fundamental to assessing anthropogenic impacts on marine higher predators. we compared how prey capture rates varied in relation to prey size, prey patch distribution and prey density for two species of alcid, common guillemot (uria aalge) and razorbill (alca torda) during the chick-rearing period. we developed a monte carlo approach parameterised with foraging behaviour from bird-borne data lo ... | 2013 | 24260318 |
| plastic ingestion in marine-associated bird species from the eastern north pacific. | in addition to monitoring trends in plastic pollution, multi-species surveys are needed to fully understand the pervasiveness of plastic ingestion. we examined the stomach contents of 20 bird species collected from the coastal waters of the eastern north pacific, a region known to have high levels of plastic pollution. we observed no evidence of plastic ingestion in rhinoceros auklet, marbled murrelet, ancient murrelet or pigeon guillemot, and low levels in common murre (2.7% incidence rate). sm ... | 2013 | 23683586 |
| sympatric breeding auks shift between dietary and spatial resource partitioning across the annual cycle. | when species competing for the same resources coexist, some segregation in the way they utilize those resources is expected. however, little is known about how closely related sympatric breeding species segregate outside the breeding season. we investigated the annual segregation of three closely related seabirds (razorbill alcatorda, common guillemot uriaaalge and brünnich's guillemot u. lomvia) breeding at the same colony in southwest greenland. by combining gps and geolocation (gls) tracking ... | 2013 | 24023663 |
| climate-driven ichthyoplankton drift model predicts growth of top predator young. | climate variability influences seabird population dynamics in several ways including access to prey near colonies during the critical chick-rearing period. this study addresses breeding success in a barents sea colony of common guillemots uria aalge where trophic conditions vary according to changes in the northward transport of warm atlantic water. a drift model was used to simulate interannual variations in transport of cod gadus morhua larvae along the norwegian coast towards their nursery gr ... | 2013 | 24265761 |
| polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd) in seven different marine bird species from iceland. | data on distribution, concentration and trends of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes) and hexabromocyclododecanes (hbcds) is scarce in biota from the sub-arctic region of the atlantic. the present study is an investigation on pbde and hbcd concentrations in eggs from seven marine bird species from iceland, i.e. common eider (somateria mollissima), arctic tern (sterna paradisaea), guillemot (uria aalge), fulmar (fulmarus glacialis), lesser black-backed gull (larus fuscus), great black-backed g ... | 2013 | 23987577 |
| perfluorinated sulfonate and carboxylate compounds in eggs of seabirds breeding in the canadian arctic: temporal trends (1975-2011) and interspecies comparison. | perfluorinated sulfonates (pfsas) and perfluorinated carboxylates (pfcas), as well as selected precursor compounds, were measured in eggs of thick-billed murres (uria lomvia) and northern fulmars (fulmarus glacialis) from prince leopold island in the canadian arctic between 1975 and 2011 as well as in eggs of three additional species (black guillemot cepphus grylle, black-legged kittiwake rissa tridactyla, glaucous gull larus hyperboreus) sampled in 2008. σpfca concentrations increased significa ... | 2013 | 23215357 |
| effects-based marine ecological risk assessment at a polychlorinated biphenyl-contaminated site in saglek, labrador, canada. | although the presence and distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in arctic marine environments has been well documented, the implications for the health of biota are poorly understood. in the present study, multiple lines of evidence, including site-specific effects data, were used to assess pcb-related risks to marine biota at a contaminated military site in saglek bay, labrador, canada, from 1997 to 1999. risks were evaluated for three components of the ecosystem: benthic invertebrat ... | 2013 | 23147987 |
| using seabird habitat modeling to inform marine spatial planning in central california's national marine sanctuaries. | understanding seabird habitat preferences is critical to future wildlife conservation and threat mitigation in california. the objective of this study was to investigate drivers of seabird habitat selection within the gulf of the farallones and cordell bank national marine sanctuaries to identify areas for targeted conservation planning. we used seabird abundance data collected by the applied california current ecosystem studies program (access) from 2004-2011. we used zero-inflated negative bin ... | 2013 | 23967206 |
| t-cell responses in oiled guillemots and swans in a rehabilitation setting. | aquatic birds are commonly affected by oil spills. despite rehabilitation efforts, the majority of rehabilitated common guillemots (uria aalge) do not survive, whereas mute swans (cygnus olor) tend to have higher postrelease survival. polyaromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) present in crude oil and diesel are immunotoxic in birds affecting cell-mediated responses to immunogens. because it is a target of pah toxicity, t-lymphocyte response to controlled mitogen administration (phytohemagglutinnin test) ... | 2013 | 23512262 |
| migration and opportunistic feeding increase pcb accumulation in arctic seabirds. | it is widely accepted that body concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (pops) tend to increase with trophic level (tl). yet, little attention has been paid to the causes in the underlying differences in pop body concentrations between species occupying similar tls. in this paper we use two modeling approaches to quantify the importance of migration and opportunistic feeding, relative to that of trophic level, in explaining interspecific differences in polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) body ... | 2013 | 24024972 |
| temporal dynamics of top predators interactions in the barents sea. | the barents sea system is often depicted as a simple food web in terms of number of dominant feeding links. the most conspicuous feeding link is between the northeast arctic cod gadus morhua, the world's largest cod stock which is presently at a historical high level, and capelin mallotus villosus. the system also holds diverse seabird and marine mammal communities. previous diet studies may suggest that these top predators (cod, bird and sea mammals) compete for food particularly with respect t ... | 2014 | 25365430 |
| contamination status and accumulation characteristics of metals and a metalloid in birds on teuri island, hokkaido, japan. | teuri island, hokkaido in japan is an important place for seabirds breeding. we measured the concentrations of heavy metals (hg, cd, cr, co, ni, cu, zn, and pb) and a metalloid (as) in rhinoceros auklet (cerorhinca monocerata) (n = 7), thick-billed murre (uria lomvia) (n = 2), spectacled guillemot (cepphus carbo) (n = 6), slaty-backed gull (larus schistisagus) (n = 15), jungle crow (corvus macrorhynchos) (n = 3), japanese anchovy (engraulis japonica) (n = 6) and atka mackerel (pleurogrammus azon ... | 2014 | 25282956 |
| comparing temporal trends of organochlorines in guillemot eggs and baltic herring: advantages and disadvantage for selecting sentinel species for environmental monitoring. | within europe, the marine strategy framework directive (msfd) is aimed at addressing the chemical status and quality of the marine environment. one of the main goals is to achieve good environmental status (ges) in the marine environment. environmental monitoring of biota e.g., baltic herring and guillemot eggs, is conducted annually in sweden to follow temporal changes in environmental contaminants. to determine the suitability of guillemot eggs as a sentinel species for investigating ges, we c ... | 2014 | 24680644 |
| isotopic analysis of island house martins delichon urbica indicates marine provenance of nutrients. | the presence of one of the largest colonies of house martins in europe on the small island of stora karlsö, sweden, led us to investigate the source of their food by analysis of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen. carbon isotopic values of house martin nestlings were the same as those of common guillemot uria aalge nestlings fed on marine fish, but differed from local collared flycatcher ficedula albicollis nestlings fed on woodland insects. we infer that these house martins fed their chicks ... | 2014 | 25866414 |
| an experimental test of host specialization in a ubiquitous polar ectoparasite: a role for adaptation? | the evolution of host specificity is considered to be an essential mechanism driving parasite diversity. it may be governed by adaptive constraints that lead to host-dependent fitness trade-offs. alternatively, specificity may arise via transmission constraints that isolate parasite populations, without necessarily involving adaptation per se. here, we ask whether the repeated observation of host-associated genetic races across the worldwide distribution of the seabird ectoparasite ixodes uriae ... | 2014 | 24467400 |
| diverse inter-continental and host lineage reassortant avian influenza a viruses in pelagic seabirds. | avian influenza a viruses (aivs) often infect waterfowl, gulls and shorebirds, but other bird groups including pelagic seabirds also serve as hosts. in this study, we analyzed 21 aivs found in two distant breeding colonies of common murre (uria aalge) in newfoundland and labrador, canada, during 2011. phylogenetic analyses and genotype assignments were performed for the 21 common murre viruses together with all common and thick-billed murre (uria lomvia) aiv sequences available in public sequenc ... | 2014 | 24462905 |
| evaluation of seabirds in newfoundland and labrador, canada, as hosts of influenza a viruses. | influenza a viruses infect a wide range of hosts, including many species of birds. avian influenza a virus (aiv) infection appears to be most common in anseriformes (ducks, geese, and swans) and some charadriiformes (shorebirds and gulls), but many other birds also serve as hosts of aiv. here, we evaluated the role of seabirds as hosts for aiv. we tested 3,160 swab samples from 13 seabird species between may 2008 and december 2011 in newfoundland and labrador, canada. we also tested 156 serum sa ... | 2014 | 24171570 |
| individual winter movement strategies in two species of murre (uria spp.) in the northwest atlantic. | individual wintering strategies and patterns of winter site fidelity in successive years are highly variable among seabird species. yet, an understanding of consistency in timing of movements and the degree of site fidelity is essential for assessing how seabird populations might be influenced by, and respond to, changing conditions on wintering grounds. to explore annual variation in migratory movements and wintering areas, we applied bird-borne geolocators on thick-billed murres (uria lomvia, ... | 2014 | 24694734 |
| novel brominated flame retardants and dechlorane plus in greenland air and biota. | following the ban of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, other halogenated flame retardants (frs) might be used increasingly. this study has analyzed hexabromocyclododecane (hbcd), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)-ethane (btbpe), 2,3-dibromopropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (dpte) and dechloraneplus (dp) in greenland air over the course of a year. moreover, btbpe, dpte, dp, 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (tbb), bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (tbph) and decabromodiphenylethane (dbdpe) w ... | 2015 | 25463724 |
| effects of prenatal environment on phenotype are revealed by postnatal challenges: embryonic hormone exposure, adrenocortical function, and food in seabird chicks. | the interaction between prenatal environments and postnatal environments is an important source of phenotypic variability. we examined the ability of prenatal steroid exposure and postnatal energy restriction to explain adrenocortical function and fledging age in captive seabird chicks. we proposed and tested two hypotheses: (1) the strength of prenatal effects is attenuated by challenging postnatal environments (postnatal override) and (2) the strength of prenatal effects increases with the sev ... | 2015 | 26658409 |
| seasonal variation in parental care drives sex-specific foraging by a monomorphic seabird. | evidence of sex-specific foraging in monomorphic seabirds is increasing though the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. we investigate differential parental care as a mechanism for sex-specific foraging in monomorphic common murres (uria aalge), where the male parent alone provisions the chick after colony departure. using a combination of geolocation-immersion loggers and stable isotopes, we assess two hypotheses: the reproductive role specialization hypothesis and the energetic cons ... | 2015 | 26575646 |
| organophosphorous flame retardants in biota from svalbard, norway. | eight arctic species, including fish, birds and mammals, from diverse habitats (marine and terrestrial) within the svalbard archipelago, norway, were screened for 14 organophosphorus flame retardant (pfr) compounds. ten pfrs were detected: tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (tcep), tris(2-chloroisopropyl)phosphate (tcipp), tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (tdcipp), triphenyl phosphate (tphp); 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (ehdpp); tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate (tboep); tritolyl phosphate (tcrp); ... | 2015 | 26453403 |
| chlamydiaceae in north atlantic seabirds admitted to a wildlife rescue center in western france. | birds are the primary hosts of chlamydia psittaci, a bacterium that can cause avian chlamydiosis in birds and psittacosis in humans. wild seabirds are frequently admitted to wildlife rescue centers (wrc) at european atlantic coasts, for example, in connection with oil spills. to investigate the extent of chlamydial shedding by these birds and the resulting risk for animals in care and the medical staff, seabirds from a french wrc were sampled from may 2011 to january 2014. by use of a quantitati ... | 2015 | 25934619 |