Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| risk factors for feline infectious peritonitis among cats in multiple-cat environments with endemic feline enteric coronavirus. | to determine what risk factors, other than genetic predisposition, contribute to the incidence of feline infectious peritonitis (fip) in private breeding catteries and animal shelters. | 1997 | 9143536 |
| antigenic and plaque variations of serotype ii feline infectious peritonitis coronaviruses. | three feline coronavirus (fcov) isolates kuk-h, m91-266, and m91-267 were examined to elucidate their biological and antigenic properties as well as disease potential in cats. immune stainings of virus-infected cells by using fcov type-specific monoclonal antibodies indicated that their antigenic specificity was serotype ii. however, antigenic variations among these serotype ii fcovs were detected by neutralization assay with hyperimmune antisera against fcovs and canine coronaviruses, and with ... | 1997 | 9152932 |
| persistence and evolution of feline coronavirus in a closed cat-breeding colony. | feline coronavirus (fcov) persistence and evolution were studied in a closed cat-breeding facility with an endemic serotype i fcov infection. viral rna was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) in the feces and/or plasma of 36 of 42 cats (86%) tested. of 5 cats, identified as fcov shedders during the initial survey, 4 had detectable viral rna in the feces when tested 111 days later. to determine whether this was due to continuous reinfection or to viral persistence ... | 1997 | 9268167 |
| placebo-controlled evaluation of a modified life virus vaccine against feline infectious peritonitis: safety and efficacy under field conditions. | a modified live virus vaccine against feline infectious peritonitis (fip) was evaluated in a double blind, placebo-controlled field trial in two high-risk populations. the vaccine was found to be safe and efficacious in one population of cats that had low antibody titre against feline coronavirus (fcov) at the time of vaccination. although clinically healthy at the time of vaccination, retrospectively some vaccinees that later came down with fip were found to be rt-pcr positive for fcov in plasm ... | 1997 | 9269053 |
| seroprevalence of bartonella henselae infection and correlation with disease status in cats in switzerland. | the prevalence of infection with bartonella henselae was investigated in cats from different areas of switzerland. serum samples of 728 cats were examined for antibodies to b. henselae by immunofluorescent antibody testing, and the results were analyzed with a view to a possible correlation between a positive titer and signalment, clinical signs, infection with feline leukemia virus (felv), feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), feline coronavirus (fcov), or feline spumavirus (fesfv), and the livi ... | 1997 | 9350752 |
| identification of residues critical for the human coronavirus 229e receptor function of human aminopeptidase n. | aminopeptidase n (apn) is the major cell surface receptor for group 1 coronaviruses. in this study, we have isolated and characterized a feline apn cdna and shown that the transfection of human embryonic kidney cells with this cdna renders them susceptible to infection with the feline coronavirus feline infectious peritonitis virus, the human coronavirus (hcv) 229e and the porcine coronavirus porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus. by using chimeric apn genes, assembled from porcine and fel ... | 1997 | 9367365 |
| antibody-dependent enhancement of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection in feline alveolar macrophages and human monocyte cell line u937 by serum of cats experimentally or naturally infected with feline coronavirus. | infection of the type ii feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) strain 79-1146 to primary feline alveolar macrophages and human monocyte cell line u937 was enhanced by the sera of cats experimentally infected with the 79-1146 strain, but not those of cats infected with ku-2 or ucd-1 strain of type i fipv. the experiments using sera of cats with feline infectious peritonitis (fip) and of cats naturally infected with feline coronavirus (fcov) revealed that infection of the fipv 79-1146 strain ... | 1998 | 9492360 |
| correlation of genomic detection of feline coronavirus with various diagnostic assays for feline infectious peritonitis. | 1998 | 9526870 | |
| feline infectious peritonitis viruses arise by mutation from endemic feline enteric coronaviruses. | feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) strains from six cats and three different geographic areas were compared genetically with feline enteric coronavirus (fecv) isolates obtained from cats inhabiting the same environments. sequence comparisons were made from 1.2- to 8.9-kb segments on the 3' end of the genome. fecv/fipv pairs from the same catteries or shelters were 97.3-99.5% related but were genetically distinct from fipv and fecv strains obtained from cats living in geographically disti ... | 1998 | 9527924 |
| feline coronavirus type ii strains 79-1683 and 79-1146 originate from a double recombination between feline coronavirus type i and canine coronavirus. | recent evidence suggests that the type ii feline coronavirus (fcov) strains 79-1146 and 79-1683 have arisen from a homologous rna recombination event between fcov type i and canine coronavirus (ccv). in both cases, the template switch apparently took place between the s and m genes, giving rise to recombinant viruses which encode a ccv-like s protein and the m, n, 7a, and 7b proteins of fcov type i (k. motowaka, t. hohdatsu, h. hashimoto, and h. koyama, microbiol. immunol. 40:425-433, 1996; h. v ... | 1998 | 9557750 |
| type iv hypersensitivity in the pathogenesis of fipv-induced lesions. | in focal lesions of feline infectious peritonitis (fip), the cells involved in the delayed-type hypersensitivity were identified in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded and frozen samples taken from 35 affected cats. the clinical diagnosis of fip was confirmed by necropsy, histology and direct immunofluorescence against the coronaviruses on cryostatic sections. the immune cells were detected immunohistochemically by the avidin-biotin-complex (abc) method using either polyclonal antibodies against ly ... | 1998 | 9588109 |
| characterization of determinants involved in the feline infectious peritonitis virus receptor function of feline aminopeptidase n. | feline aminopeptidase n (fapn) is a major cell surface receptor for feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), human coronavirus 229e (hcv 229e) and canine coronavirus (ccv). by using chimeric molecules assembled from porcine, human and feline apn we have analysed the determinants involved in the coronavirus receptor function of fapn. our results show that amino acids 670-840 of fapn are critically involved in its fipv and tgev receptor function where ... | 1998 | 9634079 |
| differences in virus receptor for type i and type ii feline infectious peritonitis virus. | feline infectious peritonitis viruses (fipvs) are classified into type i and type ii serogroups. here, we report that feline aminopeptidase n (apn), a cell-surface metalloprotease on the intestinal, lung and kidney epithelial cells, is a receptor for type ii fipv but not for type i fipv. a monoclonal antibody (mab) r-g-4, which blocks infection of felis catus whole fetus (fcwf-4) cells by type ii fipv, was obtained by immunizing mice with fcwf-4 cells which are highly susceptible to fipv. this m ... | 1998 | 9645192 |
| nucleotide sequence of the inter-structural gene region of feline infectious peritonitis virus. | the sequence of the region located between the s and m glycoprotein genes of the 79-1146 strain of feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) is presented. the inter-structural gene region encodes 3 open reading frames (orfs), termed orfs 3a, 3b and 4, with nucleotide sequences conforming to the minimum conserved transcription signal upstream of each. an additional orf, 3x, partially overlaps the 3' end of orf 3a. the fipv interstructural gene region is identical in length when compared to the i ... | 1998 | 9654687 |
| fatal enteritis associated with coronavirus infection in cats. | this report describes five cases of naturally occurring feline coronavirus enteritis. the affected animals, aged 2 months to 7 years, had a clinical history of intestinal symptoms, including diarrhoea or vomiting, or both. they exhibited variable histological changes in the epithelium of the small intestine, ranging from degeneration of single cells and detachment of groups of cells from the villous tips to regenerative processes of the crypt epithelia. post-mortem diagnosis was based on the imm ... | 1998 | 9717123 |
| molecular analysis of the coronavirus-receptor function of aminopeptidase n. | aminopeptidase n (apn) is a major cell surface for coronaviruses of the serogroup i. by using chimeric apn proteins assembled from human, porcine and feline apn we have identified determinants which are critically involved in the coronavirus-apn interaction. our results indicate that human coronavirus 229e (hcv 229e) is distinct from the other serogroup i coronaviruses in that determinants located within the n-terminal parts of the human and feline apn proteins mediate the infection of hcv 229e, ... | 1998 | 9782265 |
| feline aminopeptidase n is a receptor for all group i coronaviruses. | human coronavirus hcv-229e and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), both members of coronavirus group i, use aminopeptidase n (apn) as their cellular receptors. these viruses show marked species specificity in receptor utilization as they can only use apn of their respective species to initiate virus infection. feline and canine coronaviruses are also group i coronaviruses. to determine whether feline apn could serve as a receptor for feline coronaviruses (fcovs), we cloned the cd ... | 1998 | 9782266 |
| pathogenesis of coronavirus-induced infections. review of pathological and immunological aspects. | coronaviruses and arteriviruses infect multiple species of mammals, including humans, causing diseases that range from encephalitis to enteritis. several of these viruses infect domestic animals and cause significant morbidity and mortality, leading to major economic losses. in this category are included such pathogens as transmissible gastroenteritis virus, porcine respiratory and reproductive virus and infectious bronchitis virus. the feline coronaviruses (fecv) generally do not cause infectio ... | 1998 | 9782322 |
| detection of feline coronaviruses by culture and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction of blood samples from healthy cats and cats with clinical feline infectious peritonitis. | a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay for the detection of the feline coronavirus (fcov) genome and a co-cultivation method for the isolation of field strains of fcov are described. using the rt-pcr assay to assess blood samples from cats with feline infectious peritonitis (fip) (n = 47) and healthy cats from households with endemic fcov (n = 69) it was shown that approximately 80% of the cats were viraemic, irrespective of their health status. it was also shown that, ... | 1998 | 9791867 |
| some aspects of humoral and cellular immunity in naturally occuring feline infectious peritonitis. | haematology, antibody titers and serum protein electrophoresis from 48 cats (34 effusive and 14 noneffusive forms) affected with feline infectious peritonitis (fip) were studied and compared with those of 20 healthy cats. in the effusive form, antibody titers and protein electrophoresis in the effusions were analyzed. the distribution of the immune cells and of the virus in fip lesions were also investigated immunohistochemically with the avidin-biotin complex (abc) method, using antibodies agai ... | 1998 | 9839875 |
| antibody and cytokine responses in kittens during the development of feline infectious peritonitis (fip). | two recombinant fipv spike proteins were assessed for their immunogenic properties in 8-week-old kittens, which were then challenged intranasally with fipv 79-1146. humoral responses were assessed by elisa and serum neutralisation test. changes in pbmc cytokine mrna levels were detected by a reverse transcription, semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction assay (rt-sqpcr), assessing il-2, il-4, il-6, il-10, il-12 and ifngamma. all of the kittens developed clinical signs typical of fip, which we ... | 1998 | 9839876 |
| cellular composition, coronavirus antigen expression and production of specific antibodies in lesions in feline infectious peritonitis. | twenty-three cats with spontaneous feline infectious peritonitis (fip) were examined by light microscopy including immunohistology and histochemistry in order to determine the cellular composition and the expression of viral antigen in lesions in fip. furthermore, the presence of plasma-cells producing coronavirus-specific antibodies was evaluated in situ. macrophages and neutrophils were demonstrated by an antibody against calprotectin (leukocyte protein l1, myeloid/histiocyte antigen), neutrop ... | 1998 | 9839877 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection leads to increased incidence of feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions (forl). | feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions (forl), previously known as 'neck lesions,' are commonly known in domestic, but also in non-domestic cats. they are characterized by odontoclastic resorptive processes, which take place at the dental root and at the periodontium. chronic inflammation of gingiva and periodontium is believed to be an important etiological factor in the development of forl. in this context, various feline viruses have been discussed to play a relevant role in the pathogenesis ... | 1998 | 9839881 |
| diagnostic features of clinical neurologic feline infectious peritonitis. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a fatal arthus-type immune response of cats to infection with fip virus, a mutant of the ubiquitous feline enteric coronavirus (fecv). the disease may occur systemically or in any single organ system, and primary neurologic disease is a common subset of such manifestations. we examined 16 domestic cats with clinical neurologic fip and 8 control cats with nonneurologic fip, with the intention of identifying the ante- and postmortem diagnostic tests that most ... | 1998 | 9857333 |
| one-tube fluorogenic reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for the quantitation of feline coronaviruses. | a one-tube reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for absolute feline coronavirus (fcov) quantitation was developed. the assay is based on the 5' nuclease activity of the thermus flavus (tfl) polymerase and a fluorogenic probe which generates fluorescence when it is cleaved. the fluorogenic probe, also called taqman(tm) probe (perkin elmer, foster city, usa), is an oligonucleotide designed to bind between the two pcr primers to the target cdna and is labeled with a reporter and ... | 1999 | 10029323 |
| feline viruses in wildcats from scotland. | few data are available on the prevalence of feline viruses in european wildcats (felis silvestris). previous surveys have indicated that wildcats may be infected with the common viruses of domestic cats, apart from feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). in the present study, 50 wildcats trapped throughout scotland (uk) between august 1992 and january 1997 were tested for evidence of viral infection. all were negative for fiv by several serological or virological methods. by contrast, 10% of the ca ... | 1999 | 10073361 |
| canine coronavirus infections in japan: virological and epidemiological aspects. | ten strains, eight field and two reference laboratory strains, of canine coronavirus (ccv) were comparatively examined with respect to antigenic relationships and pathogenic potential in dogs. with monoclonal antibodies and hyperimmune antisera to feline coronavirus and ccv, respectively, varying degrees of antigenic diversities were found among the strains by neutralization and immunofluorescence assays, but it was felt that they belong to one serotype. specific-pathogen-free puppies experiment ... | 1999 | 10458093 |
| the s gene of canine coronavirus, strain ucd-1, is more closely related to the s gene of transmissible gastroenteritis virus than to that of feline infectious peritonitis virus. | to gain insight into the genetic relationships among six canine coronavirus (ccv) strains, the variable region of the spike (s) protein gene was sequenced. the ccv strains were: two atcc reference strains, the insavc-1 vaccine strain, the national veterinary services laboratories (ames, ia) challenge strain, and two california field isolates (ucd-1 and ucd-2) from the 1970s. all six strains, downstream of the nucleocapsid (n) protein gene, had sufficient size for an orf 7b, and thus, none were t ... | 1999 | 10475084 |
| selection of antigenic variants of the s glycoprotein of feline infectious peritonitis virus and analysis of antigenic sites involved in neutralization. | the type ii feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) epitopes for neutralizing and enhancing antibodies are present on large spike glycoprotein (s) protein. in this study, we established monoclonal antibody-resistant mutant viruses resistant to three different monoclonal antibodies with neutralizing activity in felis catus whole fetus cells and enhancing activity in feline macrophages, recognizing distinct epitopes on type ii fipv s protein. by comparing the nucleotide sequences of these mutan ... | 1999 | 10487234 |
| fecal shedding of feline coronavirus in adult cats and kittens in an abyssinian cattery. | to determine patterns of fecal shedding of feline coronavirus (fcv) by cats, age at which kittens first began to shed fcv in their feces, and whether there was any relationship between fecal shedding of fcv and serum antibody titers in adult cats or kittens. | 1999 | 10511857 |
| histopathological alterations of lymphatic tissues in cats without feline infectious peritonitis after long-term exposure to fip virus. | 1999 | 10515283 | |
| genetic drift and genetic shift during feline coronavirus evolution. | 1999 | 10515284 | |
| feline coronavirus participation in diarrhea of cats. | fecal samples were examined for viruses participated in gastrointestinal disorders of cats, especially focusing on feline coronavirus (fcov) by a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay. it was found that a primary viral pathogen was feline panleukopenia parvovirus (fplv; 28.5% of the positive rate) and the secondary was fcov (10.7%). commonly reported clinical signs of cats of which feces were fcov-positive were vomiting, diarrhea and dehydration with an exception of one serious c ... | 1999 | 10535517 |
| viral infections in free-living populations of the european wildcat. | while the importance of viral infections is well studied in domestic cats, only limited information is available on their occurence and prevalence in the european wildcat (felis silvestris silvestris). the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of antibodies to feline coronavirus (fcov), calicivirus (fcv), herpesvirus (fhv), parvovirus (fpv), immunodeficiency virus (fiv), leukemia virus (felv), and felv antigenemia in 51 european wildcat sera. samples were collected between 1996 and 1 ... | 1999 | 10574526 |
| observations on the quasispecies composition of three animal pathogenic rna viruses. | the quasispecies nature of three animal pathogenic rna viruses of field origin was examined by testing variants of classical swine fever virus (csfv) originating from geographically different areas, feline coronavirus (fcov) detected from the same animal by successive sampling, and rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv) originating from successive outbreaks in the same geographic area. clinical samples were investigated using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and ensuing ... | 1999 | 10641337 |
| neutralization of feline infectious peritonitis virus: preparation of monoclonal antibody that shows cell tropism in neutralizing activity after viral absorption into the cells. | feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) infection of feline macro-phages is enhanced by mouse anti-fipv monoclonal antibody (mab). this anti-body-dependent enhancement (ade) of fipv infection is dependent on mouse mab subclass, and mab of igg2a subclass has a strong ade activity. furthermore, mab showing strong neutralizing activity in felis catus whole fetus (fcwf-4) cells and crandell feline kidney (crfk) cells shows strong enhancing activity in feline macrophages, indicating that the neutr ... | 2000 | 10664402 |
| long-term impact on a closed household of pet cats of natural infection with feline coronavirus, feline leukaemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus. | a closed household of 26 cats in which feline coronavirus (fcov), feline leukaemia virus (felv) and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) were endemic was observed for 10 years. each cat was seropositive for fcov on at least one occasion and the infection was maintained by reinfection. after 10 years, three of six surviving cats were still seropositive. only one cat, which was also infected with fiv, developed feline infectious peritonitis (fip). rising anti-fcov antibody titres did not indicate t ... | 2000 | 10811262 |
| preliminary studies on feline coronavirus distribution in naturally and experimentally infected cats. | the shedding, tissue distribution and quasispecies composition of feline coronaviruses were studied in naturally and experimentally infected cats. the infection remained subclinical, but the majority of the animals shed the virus via faeces throughout the experiment. sequences corresponding to the viral nucleocapsid region were amplified by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction from the cortex, dura mater, pancreas, lungs, third eyelid, and the heart muscle in four cases. interestingly ... | 2000 | 10877969 |
| serologic survey of selected viral agents in recently captured wild north american river otters (lontra canadensis). | blood samples were collected from 64 wild north american river otters (lontra [lutra] canadensis) from northern and eastern new york state and analyzed for serologic evidence of exposure to selected viral agents during a 1995 1996 translocation program. no clinical signs of disease nor lesions suggestive of prior viral exposure were seen. titers were detected for antibodies against canine distemper virus, canine herpesvirus-1, and canine parvovirus-2 but not for antibodies against canine adenovi ... | 2000 | 10982127 |
| retargeting of coronavirus by substitution of the spike glycoprotein ectodomain: crossing the host cell species barrier. | coronaviruses generally have a narrow host range, infecting one or just a few species. using targeted rna recombination, we constructed a mutant of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) in which the ectodomain of the spike glycoprotein (s) was replaced with the highly divergent ectodomain of the s protein of feline infectious peritonitis virus. the resulting chimeric virus, designated fmhv, acquired the ability to infect feline cells and simultaneously lost the ability to infect murine cel ... | 2000 | 10627550 |
| assembly of spikes into coronavirus particles is mediated by the carboxy-terminal domain of the spike protein. | the type i glycoprotein s of coronavirus, trimers of which constitute the typical viral spikes, is assembled into virions through noncovalent interactions with the m protein. here we demonstrate that incorporation is mediated by the short carboxy-terminal segment comprising the transmembrane and endodomain. to this aim, we used the virus-like particle (vlp) system that we developed earlier for the mouse hepatitis virus strain a59 (mhv-a59) and which we describe now also for the unrelated coronav ... | 2000 | 10627571 |
| chylous abdominal effusion in a cat with feline infectious peritonitis. | a 10-year-old cat was diagnosed with chyloperitoneum based on the effusion characteristics. feline coronavirus serology was positive. the owner declined further evaluation and elected euthanasia. necropsy revealed vasculitis with multifocal areas of necrosis and lymphocytic-plasmacytic inflammation in multiple solid organs, most likely due to feline infectious peritonitis (fip). immunohistochemistry was negative for fip antigen. notwithstanding, the final diagnosis of fip was based on the charac ... | 2001 | 11204475 |
| orchitis in a cat associated with coronavirus infection. | a case of severe, pyogranulomatous and necrotizing orchitis in a cat, which later succumbed to systemic feline infectious peritonitis (fip), is described. the 3.5-year-old cat, positive for feline immunodeficiency virus infection, presented with a left testicular enlargement. a few months after castration the animal was humanely destroyed due to declining health. post-mortem examination revealed inflammatory lesions in abdominal organs and in the brain compatible with fip. infection was confirme ... | 2001 | 11222021 |
| deletions in the 7a orf of feline coronavirus associated with an epidemic of feline infectious peritonitis. | a population of persian cats experienced an epidemic of feline infectious peritonitis (fip) over 2 years. twelve cases of fip occurred in litters born during this period. cats contracting fip were all genetically related through the sire. feline coronavirus (fcov) genomic rna was detected consistently in this study in biologic samples from adult cats, kittens suffering from fip, and their siblings. analysis of viral 7a/7b open reading frame (orfs) were analyzed and revealed two distinct virus va ... | 2001 | 11390106 |
| use of a reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for monitoring the shedding of feline coronavirus by healthy cats. | the pattern of shedding of feline coronavirus (fcov) was established in 155 naturally infected pet cats from 29 households over periods of up to five years. viral rna was detected in faeces by reverse-transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr), and plasma antiviral antibodies by immunofluorescence. the cats rarely shed fcov in their saliva. three patterns of fcov shedding were observed. eighteen of the cats shed virus continuously, so were persistent, and possibly lifelong, carriers; none of them developed feli ... | 2001 | 11400984 |
| feline and canine coronaviruses are released from the basolateral side of polarized epithelial llc-pk1 cells expressing the recombinant feline aminopeptidase-n cdna. | in this study feline (fecv and fipv) and canine (ccov) coronavirus entry into and release from polarized porcine epithelial llc-pk1 cells, stably expressing the recombinant feline aminopeptidase-n cdna, were investigated. virus entry appeared to occur preferentially through the apical membrane, similar to the entry of the related porcine coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) into these cells. however, whereas tgev is released apically, feline and canine coronaviruses were found ... | 2001 | 11402864 |
| molecular determinants of species specificity in the coronavirus receptor aminopeptidase n (cd13): influence of n-linked glycosylation. | aminopeptidase n (apn), a 150-kda metalloprotease also called cd13, serves as a receptor for serologically related coronaviruses of humans (human coronavirus 229e [hcov-229e]), pigs, and cats. these virus-receptor interactions can be highly species specific; for example, the human coronavirus can use human apn (hapn) but not porcine apn (papn) as its cellular receptor, and porcine coronaviruses can use papn but not hapn. substitution of papn amino acids 283 to 290 into hapn for the corresponding ... | 2001 | 11559807 |
| a comparison of lymphatic tissues from cats with spontaneous feline infectious peritonitis (fip), cats with fip virus infection but no fip, and cats with no infection. | lymphatic tissues (spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, thymus) from 24 cats with spontaneous feline infectious peritonitis (fip) were examined by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry for cellularity, cellular composition, and degree of cellular turnover. additionally, the formation of granulomatous lesions in lymphatic tissues in cats with fip was examined. for comparison, tissues from 14 specific pathogen-free (spf) cats and seven cats infected with fip virus (fipv; as the result of long-term ... | 2001 | 11578135 |
| a review of coronavirus infection in the central nervous system of cats and mice. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a common cause of death in cats. management of this disease has been hampered by difficulties identifying the infection and determining the immunological status of affected cats and by high variability in the clinical, pathological, and immunological characteristics of affected cats. neurological fip, which is much more homogeneous than systemic effusive or noneffusive fip, appears to be a good model for establishing the basic features of fip immunopathogen ... | 2001 | 11596730 |
| auricular chondritis in a cat. | a four-year-old male neutered domestic shorthaired cat developed bilateral thickening of the pinnae, with slight curling, intense erythema and pain. no ear canal disease was present. the cat was negative for feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukaemia virus and feline coronavirus. biopsy of the ear lesion revealed auricular chondritis. in humans, histologically similar lesions may involve the pinnae, nose, trachea, joints, eyes and heart, and the disease is termed relapsing polychondritis. t ... | 2001 | 11688526 |
| detection of feline coronavirus infection in captive cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) by polymerase chain reaction. | feline coronavirus genetic elements were detected by polymerase chain reaction from blood, fecal samples, and effusive fluid collected from 33 cheetahs in the u.s.a. feline coronavirus-specific serum antibodies were also measured by indirect immunofluorescence. ten cheetahs were positive for viral shedding by polymerase chain reaction, whereas 13 were seropositive by immunofluorescence. results of serology did not consistently correlate with shedding of virus, and the capture antigen used for de ... | 2001 | 12790391 |
| m gene evolution of canine coronavirus in naturally infected dogs. | two stray pups (a and b), three and five months old, respectively, both naturally infected with canine coronavirus (ccov), were studied for 180 days. the virus was detected intermittently in the pups' faeces by pcr for periods of 156 and 146 days, respectively. sequence analysis of a fragment of the gene encoding the m protein revealed that the viruses detected at the onset of the infection were very similar to typical strains of ccov, whereas from 42 days after infection in pup a and 40 days af ... | 2002 | 12521247 |
| serologic survey for viral and bacterial infections in western populations of canada lynx (lynx canadensis). | a serologic survey for exposure to pathogens in canada lynx (lynx canadensis) in western north america was conducted. samples from 215 lynx from six study areas were tested for antibodies to feline parvovirus (fpv), feline coronavirus, canine distemper virus, feline calicivirus, feline herpesvirus, yersinia pestis, and francisella tularensis. a subset of samples was tested for feline immunodeficiency virus; all were negative. for all other pathogens, evidence for exposure was found in at least o ... | 2002 | 12528455 |
| adverse effects of feline il-12 during dna vaccination against feline infectious peritonitis virus. | cell-mediated immunity is thought to play a decisive role in protecting cats against feline infectious peritonitis (fip), a progressive and lethal coronavirus disease. in view of the potential of dna vaccines to induce cell-mediated responses, their efficacy to induce protective immunity in cats was evaluated. the membrane (m) and nucleocapsid (n) proteins were chosen as antigens, because antibodies to the spike (s) protein of fip virus (fipv) are known to precipitate pathogenesis. however, vacc ... | 2002 | 11752695 |
| mutational analysis of the active centre of coronavirus 3c-like proteases. | formation of the coronavirus replication-transcription complex involves the synthesis of large polyprotein precursors that are extensively processed by virus-encoded cysteine proteases. in this study, the coding sequence of the feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) main protease, 3cl(pro), was determined. comparative sequence analyses revealed that fipv 3cl(pro) and other coronavirus main proteases are related most closely to the 3c-like proteases of potyviruses. the predicted active centre ... | 2002 | 11842253 |
| prevalence of feline leukaemia virus and antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus and feline coronavirus in stray cats sent to an rspca hospital. | a total of 517 stray cats at an rspca veterinary hospital were tested for feline leukaemia virus (felv), feline coronavirus (fcov) and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). the prevalence of felv was 3.5 per cent in all the cats, 1.4 per cent in healthy cats and 6.9 per cent in sick cats. felv positivity was associated only with disease of non-traumatic origin. antibodies to fcov were present in 22.4 per cent of the cats, and their prevalence was significantly higher in cats over two years old an ... | 2002 | 12046785 |
| molecular characterization confirms the presence of a divergent strain of canine coronavirus (uwsmn-1) in australia. | canine coronavirus (ccv) uwsmn-1 was originally identified from an outbreak of fatal gastroenteritis in breeding colonies. in this report, we examined whether uwsmn-1 represents a novel divergent strain or is the result of recombination events between canine and feline coronavirus strains. sequencing of various regions of the spike and polymerase genes confirms that uwsmn-1 is widely divergent from other ccv and feline coronavirus strains. these data raise the possibility that this strain is the ... | 2002 | 12202609 |
| detection of feline coronavirus in captive felidae in the usa. | feline coronavirus (fcov) is an important pathogen of domestic and nondomestic felidae. investigation into the prevalence of fcov in exotic felidae has relied primarily on serology. the usefulness of genetic detection of fcov using reverse transcription and nested polymerase chain reaction (rt/npcr) for viral screening was investigated. seventy-five biologic samples, primarily feces, from captive felids from 11 institutions were tested using pcr. serum samples collected from all but 12 of these ... | 2002 | 12423039 |
| prevalence of felv and antibodies to fiv and fcov in falkland islands cats. | 2002 | 12503794 | |
| identification of coronaviruses in dogs that segregate separately from the canine coronavirus genotype. | the genetic diversity of 16 canine coronavirus (ccov) samples is described. samples were obtained from pups infected naturally living in different areas. sequence data were obtained from the m gene and pol1a and pol1b regions. the phylogenetic relationships among these sequences and sequences published previously were determined. the canine samples segregated in two separate clusters. samples of the first cluster were intermingled with reference strains of ccov genotype and therefore could be as ... | 2003 | 12505636 |
| in vivo cytokine response to experimental feline infectious peritonitis virus infection. | feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) is a coronavirus that causes sporadic fatal disease in cats characterized by vasculitis, granulomatous inflammation and effusive pleuritis/peritonitis. histologic changes in lymphoid tissues include lymphoid hyperplasia, lymphoid depletion, histiocytosis, and granuloma formation. although viremia occurs, histologic lesions are not found uniformly throughout lymphoid tissues. we used experimental infection of cats with a highly pathogenic fipv isolate, u ... | 2003 | 14637034 |
| vaccine efficacy of a cell lysate with recombinant baculovirus-expressed feline infectious peritonitis (fip) virus nucleocapsid protein against progression of fip. | the type ii feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) infection of feline macrophages is enhanced by a monoclonal antibody (mab) to the s protein of fipv. this antibody-dependent enhancement (ade) activity increased with the mab that showed a neutralizing activity with feline kidney cells, suggesting that there was a distinct correlation between ade activity and the neutralizing activity. the close association between enhancing and neutralizing epitopes is an obstacle to developing a vaccine co ... | 2003 | 14637036 |
| switching species tropism: an effective way to manipulate the feline coronavirus genome. | feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv), a coronavirus, is the causative agent of an invariably lethal infection in cats. like other coronaviruses, fipv contains an extremely large positive-strand rna genome of ca. 30 kb. we describe here the development and use of a reverse genetics strategy for fipv based on targeted rna recombination that is analogous to what has been described for the mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) (l. kuo et al., j. virol. 74:1393-1406, 2000). in this two-step process, we f ... | 2003 | 12663759 |
| genetic diversity of a canine coronavirus detected in pups with diarrhoea in italy. | the sequence of the s gene of a field canine coronavirus (ccov), strain elmo/02, revealed low nucleotide (61%) and amino acid (54%) identity to reference ccov strains. the highest correlation (77% nt and 81.7% aa) was found with feline coronavirus type i. a pcr assay for the s gene of strain elmo/02 detected analogous ccovs of different geographic origin, all which exhibited at least 92-96% nucleotide identity to each other and to strain elmo/02. the evident genetic divergence between the refere ... | 2003 | 12757915 |
| persistence and transmission of natural type i feline coronavirus infection. | to examine the mode of natural transmission and persistence of feline coronavirus (fcov), fcov strains shed by domestic cats were investigated over periods of up to 7 years. an rt-pcr that amplified part of the 3' end of the viral spike (s) gene was devised to distinguish fcov types i and ii. all but 1 of 28 strains of fcov from 43 cats were type i. nucleotide identities of the amplified 320 bp product from 49 type i fcovs ranged from 79 to 100 %. the consensus partial s sequence of isolates rec ... | 2003 | 13679608 |
| relationship of sars-cov to other pathogenic rna viruses explored by tetranucleotide usage profiling. | the exact origin of the cause of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is still an open question. the genomic sequence relationship of sars-cov with 30 different single-stranded rna (ssrna) viruses of various families was studied using two non-standard approaches. both approaches began with the vectorial profiling of the tetra-nucleotide usage pattern v for each virus. in approach one, a distance measure of a vector v, based on correlation coefficient was devised to construct a relationsh ... | 2003 | 14499005 |
| detection of feline coronavirus infection in southern african nondomestic felids. | feline coronavirus (fcov) infects members of the felidae family with results ranging from seroconversion with no disease to fatal feline infectious peritonitis (fip). infection of non-domestic felids with fcov is of concern, particularly in endangered populations such as cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus). in this investigation, we tested 342 animals in the republic of south africa and namibia, including 140 animals from wild populations, for evidence of fcov infection by serology and/or reverse transc ... | 2003 | 14567213 |
| a serologic survey of wild felids from central west saudi arabia. | forty-five wildcats (felis silvestris), 17 sand cats (felis margarita), and 17 feral domestic cats were captured in central west saudi arabia, between may 1998 and april 2000, with the aim to assess their exposure to feline immunodeficiency virus/puma lentivirus (fiv/plv), feline leukaemia virus (felv), feline herpesvirus (fhv-1), feline calicivirus (fcv), feline coronavirus (fcov), and feline panleukopenia virus (fplv). serologic prevalence in wildcats, sand cats, and feral domestic cats were r ... | 2003 | 14567233 |
| shifts in circulating lymphocyte subsets in cats with feline infectious peritonitis (fip): pathogenic role and diagnostic relevance. | cats with feline infectious peritonitis (fip) are usually lymphopenic and have lymphoid depletion evident in spleen and lymph nodes. in particular, the number of cd4+ lymphocytes in tissues decreases during the evolution of fip lesions. this decrease is most likely due to increased lymphocyte apoptotic rate. in contrast, cats infected with the feline coronavirus (fcov) develop a follicular hyperplasia in the peripheral lymph nodes. the current study was devised to evaluate the possible pathogeni ... | 2003 | 14592727 |
| an update on aspects of viral gastrointestinal diseases of dogs and cats. | viruses commonly cause gastrointestinal illnesses in dogs and cats that range in severity from mild diarrhoea to malignant neoplasia. perpetual evolution of viruses is reflected in changing disease patterns, so that familiar viruses are sometimes discovered to cause new or unexpected diseases. for example, canine parvovirus (cpv) has regained the ability to infect felids and cause a panleucopenia-like illness. feline panleucopenia virus (fpv) has been shown to cause fading in young kittens and h ... | 2003 | 16032339 |
| expression patterns in feline blood and tissues of α1-acid glycoprotein (agp) and of an agp-related protein (agprp). | α1-acid glycoprotein (agp) is an acute-phase protein (app) that modulates immune responses, probably - at least in humans - owing to the modification of its glycosylation pattern. on this perspective, feline agp can be a useful comparative model, as it has different concentrations in cats susceptible or resistant to some disease. as a preliminary approach to the study of feline agp (fagp) we have purified this protein from feline serum by hplc using human agp (hagp) as a model. immunoblotting wi ... | 2003 | 32214964 |
| feline coronavirus--that enigmatic little critter. | 2004 | 14623144 | |
| changes in some acute phase protein and immunoglobulin concentrations in cats affected by feline infectious peritonitis or exposed to feline coronavirus infection. | the possible role of some acute phase proteins (apps) and immunoglobulins in both the pathogenesis and diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis (fip) has been investigated. serum protein electrophoresis and the concentration of haptoglobin (hp), serum amyloid a (saa), alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (agp), igg and igm were evaluated in cats exposed to feline coronavirus (fcov) and in cats with fip. the highest concentration of apps was detected in affected cats, confirming the role of these protein ... | 2004 | 14623149 |
| a mrna pcr for the diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis. | a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) for the detection of feline coronavirus (fcov) messenger rna in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) is described. the assay is evaluated as a diagnostic test for feline infectious peritonitis (fip). it is based on a well-documented key event in the development of fip: the replication of virulent fcov mutants in monocytes/macrophages. to detect most feline coronavirus field strains, the test was designed to amplify subgenomic mrna ... | 2004 | 15664058 |
| three-color flow cytometry detection of virus-specific cd4+ and cd8+ t cells in the cat. | we describe a three-color flow cytometry assay for the detection of virus-specific cd4+ and cd8+ t cells in the cat. the assay is based upon detection of intracellular tnfalpha using the cross-reactive mab 6401.1111, raised against the human cytokine. allophycocyanin-conjugated mab 6401.1111 specifically stained feline tnfalpha-producing murine cells and also staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin b-stimulated feline t cells, thus providing formal evidence for cross-reactivity. by using the anti-tnfa ... | 2004 | 14871533 |
| detection of feline coronavirus antibody, feline immunodeficiency virus antibody, and feline leukemia virus antigen in ascites from cats with effusive feline infectious peritonitis. | to investigate the usefulness of ascites as a material for viral tests in cats with effusive feline infectious peritonitis (fip), we attempted to detect anti-feline coronavirus antibody, anti-feline immunodeficiency virus antibody, and feline leukemia virus antigen in ascites from 88 cats clinically suspected with effusive fip. in each of these three viral tests, all cats positive for serum antibody/antigen were also positive for ascitic antibody/antigen, while cats negative for serum antibody/a ... | 2004 | 14960820 |
| prevalence of feline coronavirus types i and ii in cats with histopathologically verified feline infectious peritonitis. | feline coronaviruses (fcov) vary widely in virulence causing a spectrum of clinical manifestations reaching from subclinical course to fatal feline infectious peritonitis (fip). independent of virulence variations they are separated into two different types, type i, the original fcov, and type ii, which is closely related to canine coronavirus (ccv). the prevalence of fcov types in austrian cat populations without fip has been surveyed recently indicating that type i infections predominate. the ... | 2004 | 15019109 |
| coronavirus outbreak in cheetahs: lessons for sars. | 2004 | 15043830 | |
| live, attenuated coronavirus vaccines through the directed deletion of group-specific genes provide protection against feline infectious peritonitis. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a fatal immunity-mediated disease caused by mutants of a ubiquitous coronavirus. since previous attempts to protect cats under laboratory and field conditions have been largely unsuccessful, we used our recently developed system of reverse genetics (b. j. haijema, h. volders, and p. j. m. rottier, j. virol. 77:4528-4538, 2003) for the development of a modified live fip vaccine. with this objective, we deleted the group-specific gene cluster open reading fra ... | 2004 | 15047802 |
| microbicides and the environmental control of nosocomial viral infections. | viruses are important causes of acute and chronic diseases in humans. newer viruses are still being discovered and those that are already known are being incriminated in the aetiology of clinical conditions with hitherto unknown causes. apart from frequently causing infections in the general community, many types of viruses are also significant nosocomial pathogens. while it is generally agreed that we underestimate the proportion of nosocomial infections that are viral, due to a lack of routine ... | 2004 | 15110126 |
| risk factors for feline coronavirus seropositivity in cats relinquished to a uk rescue charity. | two thousand, two hundred and seven cats from 14 shelters of a major uk cat charity were blood tested for feline coronavirus (fcov) antibodies. data was collated on breed, sex, age, number of cats at original location, outdoor access, health status, and time spent in the shelter prior to sampling (range 0 to 4 years). some cats were also tested for feline leukaemia virus antigen, feline immunodeficiency virus, and toxoplasma gondii antibodies. the effect of these variables on fcov seropositivity ... | 2004 | 15123148 |
| feline leucocyte antigen class ii polymorphism and susceptibility to feline infectious peritonitis. | there are four outcomes to feline coronavirus (fcov) infection: the development of feline infectious peritonitis (fip, which is immune-mediated), subclinical infection, development of healthy lifelong carriers and a small minority of cats who resist infection (addie and jarrett, veterinary record 148 (2001) 649). examination of the fcov genome has shown that the same strain of virus can produce different clinical manifestations, suggesting that host genetic factors may also play a role in the ou ... | 2004 | 15123149 |
| evaluation of an in-practice test for feline coronavirus antibodies. | a commercially available in-practice test for feline coronavirus (fcov) antibodies (fcov immunocomb, biogal galed laboratories) was evaluated by comparison with the gold standard fcov immunofluorescent antibody (ifa) test. one hundred and three serum or plasma samples were selected and tested: 70 were positive by both tests, 24 were negative by both tests. the in-practice test produced five false positive and four false negative results. the sensitivity of the in-practice test was 95% and the sp ... | 2004 | 15123150 |
| high viral loads despite absence of clinical and pathological findings in cats experimentally infected with feline coronavirus (fcov) type i and in naturally fcov-infected cats. | specified pathogen-free cats were naturally infected with fcov or experimentally infected with fcov type i. seroconversion was determined and the course of infection was monitored by measuring the fcov loads in faeces, whole blood, plasma and/or monocytes. tissue samples collected at necropsy were examined for viral load and histopathological changes. experimentally infected animals started shedding virus as soon as 2 days after infection. they generally displayed the highest viral loads in colo ... | 2004 | 15123151 |
| common virus infections in cats, before and after being placed in shelters, with emphasis on feline enteric coronavirus. | the purpose of this study was to determine the origin and subsequent spread of feline calicivirus (fcv), feline herpesvirus (fhv), and feline enteric coronavirus (fecv) in cats relinquished to shelters. fcv was isolated from the oral fauces of 11% of healthy cats upon entry, and isolation rates were highest for kittens (33%). fhv shedding was very low (4%) at the time of entry and occurred mainly in juveniles. fecv shedding was also common among newly relinquished cats (33%), especially older ki ... | 2004 | 15123152 |
| disease outcome and cytokine responses in cats immunized with an avirulent feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv)-ucd1 and challenge-exposed with virulent fipv-ucd8. | eight cats were immunized with an avirulent strain of feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv)-ucd1, then challenge-exposed to a highly virulent cat passaged strain (fipv-ucd8). th1 and th2 cytokine profiles in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) were measured throughout in the experiment. no clinical signs of fip were evident in the experimental cats after immunization. after challenge, the immunized cats demonstrated one of four clinical outcomes: (1) classical effusive fip; (2) a ... | 2004 | 15123153 |
| tissue distribution of a feline agp related protein (fagprp) in cats with feline infectious peritonitis (fip). | feline alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (fagp) increases during feline infectious peritonitis (fip). we have recently identified a 29 kda protein that we named feline agp-related protein (fagprp) due to its cross-reactivity with an anti-human agp monoclonal antibody. in this work we describe the tissue distribution of fagprp during fip, and its relationship with feline coronavirus (fcov) and myeloid cells. tissues from five control cats and from 15 cats with fip were examined by immunohistochemistry u ... | 2004 | 15123154 |
| modified vaccinia virus ankara as a vaccine against feline coronavirus: immunogenicity and efficacy. | feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) is a coronavirus that induces a fatal systemic disease mediated by an inappropriate immune response. most previous vaccination attempts against fipv were unsuccessful because igg antibodies against the surface protein enhance the infection. however, two studies have shown that poxvirus vectors (vaccinia wr and canarypox) expressing only the fipv membrane (m) protein can elicit a partially protective immunity which is supposed to be cell-mediated (virolo ... | 2004 | 15123156 |
| fip: a novel approach to vaccination. proceedings from the 2nd international fcov/fip symposium, glasgow, 4-7 august 2002. | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is a fatal disease of cats. early attempts at vaccination have been unsuccessful, some even serving to exacerbate the disease through antibody-dependent enhancement. replication-incompetent feline foamy virus (ffv) transducing vectors are being developed as potential vaccine agents, into which immunogenic fragments of feline coronavirus (fcov) proteins will be inserted. to use a recombinant viral vector to express fcov proteins, the agent chosen should be apat ... | 2004 | 15123157 |
| recommendations from workshops of the second international feline coronavirus/feline infectious peritonitis symposium. | in august 2002, scientists and veterinarians from all over the world met in scotland to discuss feline coronavirus (fcov) and feline infectious peritonitis (fip). the conference ended with delegates dividing into three workshops to draw up recommendations for fcov control, diagnosis and treatment and future research. the workshops were chaired by the three authors and the recommendations are presented in this paper. | 2004 | 15123158 |
| decreased sialylation of the acute phase protein alpha1-acid glycoprotein in feline infectious peritonitis (fip). | feline infectious peritonitis (fip) is an immune-mediated disease of domestic and exotic felides infected with feline coronavirus. fip is characterized by the overexpression of an acute phase protein, the alpha1-acid glycoprotein (agp). in humans, agp is a heavily glycosylated protein that undergoes several modifications of its glycan moiety during acute and chronic inflammatory pathologies. we studied the changes in agp glycosylation in the course of fip. specifically, we focussed our attention ... | 2004 | 15135988 |
| antibodies to canine and feline viruses in spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta) in the masai mara national reserve. | spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta) are abundant predators in the serengeti ecosystem and interact with other species of wild carnivores and domestic animals in ways that could encourage disease transmission. hyenas also have a unique hierarchical social system that might affect the flow of pathogens. antibodies to canine distemper virus (cdv), feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), feline panleukopenia virus/canine parvovirus (fplv/cpv), feline coronavirus/ feline infectious peritonitis virus (fecv/ ... | 2004 | 15137483 |
| exposure to feline and canine pathogens in bobcats and gray foxes in urban and rural zones of a national park in california. | exposure of bobcats (lynx rufus) and gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) to a range of common canine and feline pathogens was assessed in urban and rural zones of golden gate national recreation area, a national park in the san francisco bay area, (california, usa) from 1992 to 1995. testing included serology for canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus (cpv), canine adenovirus, leptospira interrogans, feline calicivirus (fcv), feline panleukopenia virus, feline herpesvirus, feline enteric co ... | 2004 | 15137484 |
| serosurvey of viral infections in free-ranging namibian cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus). | cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) in captivity have unusually high morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases, a trait that could be an outcome of population homogeneity or the immunomodulating effects of chronic stress. free-ranging namibian cheetahs share ancestry with captive cheetahs, but their susceptibility to infectious diseases has not been investigated. the largest remaining population of free-ranging cheetahs resides on namibian farmlands, where they share habitat with domestic dogs an ... | 2004 | 15137485 |
| coronavirus infection of spotted hyenas in the serengeti ecosystem. | sera from 38 free-ranging spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta) in the serengeti ecosystem, tanzania, were screened for exposure to coronavirus of antigenic group 1. an immunofluorescence assay indicated high levels of exposure to coronavirus among serengeti hyenas: 95% when considering sera with titer levels of > or = 1:10 and 74% when considering sera with titer levels of > or = 1:40. cubs had generally lower mean titer levels than adults. exposure among serengeti hyenas to coronavirus was also con ... | 2004 | 15288921 |
| inactivation of caliciviruses. | the viruses most commonly associated with food- and waterborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis are the noroviruses. the lack of a culture method for noroviruses warrants the use of cultivable model viruses to gain more insight on their transmission routes and inactivation methods. we studied the inactivation of the reported enteric canine calicivirus no. 48 (cacv) and the respiratory feline calicivirus f9 (fecv) and correlated inactivation to reduction in pcr units of fecv, cacv, and a norovirus. i ... | 2004 | 15294783 |
| antibodies to selected pathogens in free-ranging terrestrial carnivores and marine mammals in canada. | antibody titres to selected pathogens (canine adenovirus [cav-2], feline herpesvirus [fhv], phocine herpesvirus [phv-1], canine distemper virus, dolphin morbillivirus [dmv], phocine distemper virus [pdv], parainfluenza virus type 3 [pi3], rabies virus, dolphin rhabdovirus [drv], canine coronavirus, feline coronavirus, feline leukaemia virus, borrelia burgdorferi and toxoplasma gondii) were determined in whole blood or serum samples from selected free-ranging terrestrial carnivores and marine mam ... | 2004 | 15338705 |
| calicivirus inactivation by nonionizing (253.7-nanometer-wavelength [uv]) and ionizing (gamma) radiation. | noroviruses (previously norwalk-like viruses) are the most common viral agents associated with food- and waterborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis. in the absence of culture methods for noroviruses, animal caliciviruses were used as model viruses to study inactivation by nonionizing (253.7-nm-wavelength [uv]) and ionizing (gamma) radiation. here, we studied the respiratory feline calicivirus (fecv) and the presumed enteric canine calicivirus (cacv) and compared them with the well-studied bacteriop ... | 2004 | 15345386 |
| natural history of a recurrent feline coronavirus infection and the role of cellular immunity in survival and disease. | we describe the natural history, viral dynamics, and immunobiology of feline infectious peritonitis (fip), a highly lethal coronavirus infection. a severe recurrent infection developed, typified by viral persistence and acute lymphopenia, with waves of enhanced viral replication coinciding with fever, weight loss, and depletion of cd4+ and cd8+ t cells. our combined observations suggest a model for fip pathogenesis in which virus-induced t-cell depletion and the antiviral t-cell response are opp ... | 2005 | 15613332 |
| spike protein assembly into the coronavirion: exploring the limits of its sequence requirements. | the coronavirus spike (s) protein, required for receptor binding and membrane fusion, is incorporated into the assembling virion by interactions with the viral membrane (m) protein. earlier we showed that the ectodomain of the s protein is not involved in this process. here we further defined the requirements of the s protein for virion incorporation. we show that the cytoplasmic domain, not the transmembrane domain, determines the association with the m protein and suffices to effect the incorp ... | 2005 | 15780881 |