Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| intratypic differentiation of poliovirus strains by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa): poliovirus type 2 and poliovirus type 3. | a double-antibody sandwich elisa was developed for the detection of antigenic differences between wild and vaccine-derived strains of poliovirus type 2 and poliovirus type 3. antibodies were prepared in rabbits by immunization with purified antigens of vaccine strains (type 2: sabin p712, and type 3: sabin leon) and wild type strains (type 2: mef, and type 3: pool 30). immunoblotting analysis of all antisera demonstrated that the igg antibodies raised in rabbits have specificity towards the main ... | 1987 | 2826518 |
| studies on the attenuation of the sabin type 3 oral polio vaccine. | the genetic basis of attenuation of the poliovirus type 3 vaccine strain p3/leon 12a1b has been investigated by comparing the nucleotide sequence of this strain with that of its neurovirulent progenitor p3/leon/37 and by constructing recombinants between these two viruses using infectious cdnas. preliminary results suggest that attenuation is caused by just two point mutations, one occurring in the 5' non-coding region and the other causing an amino acid change in coat protein vp3. | 1987 | 2822753 |
| the morphology of butchers' warts as related to papillomavirus types. | hand warts were studied in 160 butchers. clinical and histological studies were performed in 190 warts and virological studies in 165 warts from 104 butchers. since we found almost perfect correlation between the histological pattern and the type of infecting virus, it was possible to evaluate the virus types in a further 39 of 56 butchers without virological studies, on the basis of the histology of the warts. the most common infection was with hpv-2 (human papilloma virus) and hpv-7. thirty-th ... | 1987 | 2821930 |
| nucleic acid sequence relationships between enterovirus serotypes. | forty-eight different enterovirus serotypes were analysed by a nucleic-acid hybridization test using probes derived from the 3' end of coxsackievirus a21 (ca21) and b3 (cb3), poliovirus 3 (p3) and enterovirus 70 (e70). more than 90% of the serotypes could be detected with this collection of reagents. the cb3 probe reacted with all the coxsackie b viruses, with all three poliovirus serotypes, and with almost all of the 30 echo virus types tested. in addition some of the coxsackie a viruses and th ... | 1987 | 2456458 |
| evolution of poliovirus during an outbreak: sequential type 3 poliovirus isolates from several persons show shifts of neutralization determinants. | an outbreak of poliomyelitis in finland resulted in the widespread circulation of wild-type 3 poliovirus strains that had antigenic properties distinct from the strains used to produce the attenuated and inactivated vaccines. considerable variation was observed in the ability of broadly reacting monoclonal antibodies directed against type 3 poliovirus to neutralize the 54 strains examined. sequential isolates from several persons showed an antigenic drift with these monoclonal antibodies and sel ... | 1987 | 2437244 |
| immune status of the population to poliovirus infection in singapore. | a seroepidemiological survey conducted after two decades of mass immunization against poliomyelitis in singapore showed a high level of herd immunity in the population to all three types of human poliovirus. neutralizing antibodies to poliovirus 1, 2 and 3 were detected in 93.9-96.7% of the population between 6 months and over 40 years old. adults above 30 years of age had a relatively high level of susceptibility to poliovirus infection, with 10.2-12% in the over-30-year age group possessing no ... | 1987 | 3034442 |
| virus excretion and strain specific antibody responses after oral poliovaccine in previously immunised children. | a nation-wide campaign with trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine was organized in finland in february-march 1985 in order to stop the unexpected outbreak of poliomyelitis. excretion time of the vaccine viruses and antibody responses due to vaccination were studied in a group of healthy 6-year-old children who were classmates to one of the patients during the outbreak and who also had been screened for excretion of the epidemic poliovirus type 3 strain. while faecal excretion of at least one of the ... | 1987 | 2828521 |
| inadequacy of mucosal igm antibodies in selective iga deficiency: excretion of attenuated polio viruses is prolonged. | a nationwide vaccination campaign with oral poliovirus vaccine was organized in finland in 1985 in order to cease an outbreak of poliomyelitis. we followed eight iga-deficient individuals and nine controls for poliovirus excretion in feces and for antibody responses in serum and saliva. five weeks after oral poliovirus vaccination all eight iga-deficient individuals were still excreting polioviruses, in contrast to one of nine controls. the concentration of polioviruses, as estimated by a semi-q ... | 1988 | 2836474 |
| correlation between plaque size and genetic variation of type 3 poliovirus from a vaccinate. | vaccine strain derivatives could be serially isolated from the feces of a healthy infant for about 30 days after the second administration of a trivalent poliovirus vaccine. these were all identified as poliovirus type 3, and no other types were detected. the titer in feces increased gradually until day 19, when it reached a maximum, after which it decreased. the plaque size altered roughly in parallel with the changes in the titer. on day 11 it began to increase, becoming the highest abruptly o ... | 1988 | 2828527 |
| epidemiology of butchers' warts. | studies were carried out in two slaughter-houses in different cities differing in the degree of work automation and, for comparison, in workers of nearby factories of the same two cities. there was a high incidence of warts (49.2%) in a slaughterhouse where the workers had direct contact with animals and meat, while a significantly lower incidence (9%) was observed in a modern slaughterhouse where the work was almost completely automated. the types of human papillomaviruses (hpvs) were similar i ... | 1988 | 2841908 |
| intertypic cross-neutralization of polioviruses by human monoclonal antibodies. | human b cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) reactive with poliovirus type 1 were generated by transformation with epstein-barr virus (ebv) b 95-8 of tonsillar lymphocytes from several immune donors. ebv-transformed cells were cloned in semisolid agarose. some neutralizing (nt) human mabs recognized and neutralized only poliovirus type 1, whereas other nt mabs neutralized either poliovirus type 1 and 2 or all three serotypes. mabs reactive with poliovirus type 1 and 3 but not with t ... | 1988 | 2831657 |
| replication of poliovirus in human mononuclear phagocyte cell lines is dependent on the stage of cell differentiation. | both wild-type and attenuated strains of poliovirus type 3 were found to replicate in the u-937 cells, an established cell line derived from human histiocytic lymphoma. however, preincubation of the cells with phorbol ester (pma) that brought about the typical adherent macrophage-like appearance of the cultures, converted the cells to practically nonpermissive for poliovirus, while their ability to replicate vesicular stomatitis virus was not impaired. rc2a, another human cell line derived from ... | 1989 | 2537885 |
| synthesis of immunogenic, but non-infectious, poliovirus particles in insect cells by a baculovirus expression vector. | a baculovirus expression vector (acleon) derived from autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) was prepared containing the complete 6.6 kb coding region of the p3/leon/37 strain of poliovirus type 3 placed under the control of the acnpv polyhedrin promoter. the recombinant virus was used to infect spodoptera frugiperda insect cells. as demonstrated by use of the appropriate antibodies, infected insect cells made poliovirus proteins that included the structural proteins vp0, vp1 ... | 1989 | 2543785 |
| human papillomavirus type 28 (hpv-28), an hpv-3-related type associated with skin warts. | the cloning and partial characterization of the genome of human papillomavirus type 28 (hpv-28) is presented. the virus is a distinct type and by hybridization analyses is most closely related to hpv-3 and hpv-10. | 1989 | 2552164 |
| human papillomavirus type 29 (hpv-29), an hpv type cross-hybridizing with hpv-2 and with hpv-3-related types. | the cloning and partial characterization of human papillomavirus (hpv) type 29 is presented. by hybridization analyses, this virus appears to be related to hpv types associated with common warts and hpv types associated with flat warts. | 1989 | 2552165 |
| novel variants of human papillomavirus type 2 in warts from immunocompromised individuals. | twenty cutaneous warts from i8 renal transplant recipients (rtr) and a single wart sample from a patient suffering from hodgkin's disease were screened for the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) sequences by southern blot analysis. thirteen samples were shown to contain hpv dna sequences, one was identified as hpv-3, two as hpv-4, six as hpv-2 and four were unidentifiable by restriction digest analysis. hpv-3 was identified in the wart sample from the patient suffering from hodgkin's disease ... | 1989 | 2557072 |
| a human-human hybridoma which produces antibodies to polioviruses. | a human-human hybridoma which produced antibodies to sabin strain poliovirus types 3 and 2 was established. this hybridoma was constructed by fusing a hat-sensitive variant of a human lymphoblastoid subline r4-4-6 with peripheral blood lymphocytes of a donor who had been previously immunized with poliovirus sabin vaccines and had shown high titer of neutralizing antibodies against these viruses. this hybridoma had been cultured for more than one year and the neutralizing activities of the cultur ... | 1989 | 2561573 |
| stabilization of the attenuated poliovirus type 3 vaccine strain by sucrose. | highly temperature-sensitive and attenuated poliovirus type 3, strain leon 12a1b, was stabilized at 37 degrees c by 15% sucrose without 1 mol/1 mgcl2. the finding will contribute to poliovaccination in tropical countries. | 1989 | 2569817 |
| genetic basis of attenuation of the sabin type 3 oral poliovirus vaccine. | the poliovirus type 3 sabin oral poliovirus vaccine strain p3/leon/12a1b differs in nucleotide sequence from its neurovirulent progenitor p3/leon/37 by just 10 point mutations. the contribution of each mutation to the attenuation phenotype of the vaccine strain was determined by the construction of a series of recombinant viruses from infectious cdna clones. the neurovirulence testing of recombinant viruses indicated that the attenuation phenotype is determined by just two point mutations: a c t ... | 1989 | 2536836 |
| nasopharyngeal secretory antibody response to poliovirus type 3 virion proteins exhibit different specificities after immunization with live or inactivated poliovirus vaccines. | by using immunoblotting, neutralization, and elisa, the development of secretory antibody responses to poliovirus type 3 virion proteins (vp1, vp2, vp3) and to intact or trypsin-treated poliovirus type 3 was studied in the nasopharyngeal secretions in groups of infants after immunization with live attenuated poliovirus vaccine (opv), enhanced potency inactivated poliovirus vaccine (ipv-ep), or after combined vaccination with ipv-ep followed by opv. after three doses of vaccine, infants in all va ... | 1989 | 2470831 |
| opsoclonus in mumps and poliovirus type 3 encephalitides: a report of 2 cases. | two adult patients with opsoclonus and tremor of the whole body associated with viral infections are reported. the first man presented with mumps (parotitis, orchitis and encephalitis). paired serum mumps titers were both 1:80. the second patient had conjunctivitis and dizziness. acute and convalescent sera showed significant rise of poliovirus type 3 titer. clonazepam attenuated the symptoms in both patients. | 1989 | 2794827 |
| restricted variability of a 17 nucleotide stretch within the 5'-noncoding region of poliovirus genome. | the outbreak of poliomyelitis in finland in 1984 was caused by a wild strain of poliovirus 3 with uncommon molecular and antigenic properties. we prepared a synthetic oligonucleotide probe complementary to nucleotides 494-510 in the 5'-noncoding part of the genome of a representative strain of the outbreak. this short nucleotide stretch was found to be relatively well conserved within the outbreak and uncommon among 82 independent poliovirus isolates. it may thus be a useful marker for screening ... | 1989 | 2558034 |
| conserved structural domains in the 5'-untranslated region of picornaviral genomes: an analysis of the segment controlling translation and neurovirulence. | a model of secondary structure common for the central part (ca. 400 nucleotides) of the 5'-untranslated regions (5'-utr) of all the so far sequenced genomes of polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, and rhinoviruses was derived on the basis of evolutionary and thermodynamic considerations. according to the model, this part of the genome comprises three domains, which appear to be involved, at least in the poliovirus genome, in the control of viral neurovirulence and in vitro translation. some salient f ... | 1989 | 2536978 |
| immunogenicity of oral poliomyelitis vaccine (opv) against variants of wild poliovirus type 3. | serological investigations of three groups of children from the german democratic republic (gdr) and from czechoslovakia who had different immunization histories against poliomyelitis indicated that the immunity induced by oral poliovaccine (opv) is effective against both the wild poliovirus saukett strain and a new wild variant of poliovirus type 3 that was isolated during an outbreak of poliomyelitis in finland in 1984. there is therefore no obvious risk that individuals in the gdr or czechosl ... | 1990 | 1963118 |
| antibodies to polioviruses in an israeli population and overseas volunteers. | a seroepidemiological survey of prevalence of antibodies to poliovirus types 1-3 was carried out in 1,800 residents of 30 agricultural settlements (kibbutzim) in israel during 1980 and 1981. the survey showed that in 1980 84%, 90%, and 79% of the kibbutz residents exhibited antibodies to poliovirus types 1-3, respectively. in 1981 the figures were 81%, 91%, and 73%. significantly lower levels of antibodies for poliovirus type 3 in 1980/1981, and for poliovirus type 1 in 1981, were noticed in the ... | 1990 | 2154545 |
| identification of rhinoviruses by cdna probes. | we have used nucleic acid hybridization for the detection and grouping of human rhinoviruses (hrv) according to their genetic relationships. fifteen rhinovirus reference strains, seventy-one clinical isolates and four enteroviruses were propagated in cell cultures, spotted onto membrane filters and hybridized with radioactively labelled cdna probes covering different parts of the genomes of hrv-1b, hrv-2, hrv-14, hrv-85 and hrv-89. when the rhinovirus and enterovirus reference strains were teste ... | 1990 | 2155249 |
| mumps, enteroviruses, and human acute pancreatitis. | the presence of mumps virus and enterovirus rna was studied by in situ hybridization in 15 surgical biopsy specimens from patients with acute pancreatitis. 35s-labeled crna probes, detecting the 5' end of the poliovirus type 3, a 1.1-kb fragment of the polymerase gene region of coxsackievirus b3, and mumps virus mrna, encoding the nucleocapsid protein, were used. the controls consisted of mumps virus-infected and uninfected cultured cells, normal human and mouse pancreatic tissue, and mouse tiss ... | 1990 | 2171134 |
| in situ detection of enterovirus genomes in mouse myocardial tissue by ribonucleic acid probes. | we have applied a sensitive in situ hybridization method for the detection of coxsackievirus rna in myocardial tissue. two radioactive crna probes were used: an rna transcript representing the 5' end of poliovirus 3 which recognizes a highly conserved region among enteroviruses and an rna transcript of a 1.1 kb fragment from the polymerase gene region of coxsackievirus b3. the reactivity of these probes was tested by dot-blot hybridization against a panel of enteroviruses. formaldehyde-fixed and ... | 1990 | 2172652 |
| [effect of anionic detergents sodium dodecyl sulfate and alkylbenzyl sulfonate on adsorption and transport behavior of several enterotropic viruses in the soil under model conditions]. | the adsorption of poliovirus 3, coxsackievirus b1, and coliphage f2 on soil from an irrigation field loaded for years with waste water and sandy soil from an aquifer was investigated under the influence of two anionic detergents, sodium dodecylsulphate (sds) and alkylbenzolsulphonate (abs). the investigation was carried out through batch and column experiments under simulated conditions. the concentrations of both detergents found generally in surface water (0.2-10 mg/l) had no effect on the ads ... | 1990 | 2175613 |
| cross contamination of viral specimens related to shell vial caps. | a cluster of poliovirus type 3-positive specimens cultured in shell vials led to the discovery of significant cross contamination between vials related to the type of vial cap. simulated testing with colored media in the shell vials indicated that the most contamination occurred with the plastic snap cap and that the least occurred with the screw cap. measures to prevent cross contamination in clinical virology laboratories are discussed. | 1990 | 2177755 |
| an epidemic of poliomyelitis in southern kerala. | an epidemic of poliomyelitis was recognized in may 1987 when there was a sharp increase in the number of children with acute paralytic poliomyelitis admitted to the sat hospital in trivandrum in kerala state. from may through september, 392 cases were admitted; the total admitted cases in 1987 were 458 in contrast to 119 in 1986. evidence for type 1 poliovirus infection was found in 33 (85%) of the 39 children in whom virological investigations were done during the epidemic. in addition, evidenc ... | 1990 | 2351513 |
| type 3 poliovirus/finland/1984 is genetically related to common mediterranean strains. | strains of poliovirus type 3 isolated in finland in 1984 and 1985 (p3/fin/84) are known to differ considerably from the type 3 vaccine strains in both nucleotide sequence and antigenic properties. in the search for the origin of the outbreak we first tested 80 type 3 strains that had been isolated elsewhere in the world during the years 1953 to 1986. an oligonucleotide probe complementary to a highly variable 17 nucleotide interval in the 5' non-coding region of the genomic rna of p3/fin/84 reac ... | 1990 | 1701473 |
| antigenic regions of poliovirus type 3/sabin capsid proteins recognized by human sera in the peptide scanning technique. | we used the peptide scanning technique to identify regions of poliovirus type 3/sabin capsid proteins that bind antibodies from human immune sera. several reactive regions were seen in vp1, vp2, and vp3 while peptides resembling vp4 did not bind antibodies. peptides derived from sequences of the previously known antigenic sites 1 and 3 were recognized to a moderate degree. peptides imitating the four loops in the closed ends of the beta barrels or the alpha helical cd insertions of vp1, vp2 or v ... | 1991 | 1701949 |
| generation of virus genetic lineages during an outbreak of poliomyelitis. | wild poliovirus type 3 isolates collected during the finnish outbreak (1984 to 1985) in different geographical locations were compared by partial rna sequencing. the entire 5' non-coding end and a discontinuous part of the capsid coding region were sequenced from 15 isolates. combining the present sequence data with previously published data and analysing these by the maximum parsimony method showed that the epidemic strains had diverged in cocirculating lineages. genetic comparison of strains i ... | 1991 | 1717642 |
| comparison of serum and salivary antibodies in children vaccinated with oral live or parenteral inactivated poliovirus vaccines of different antigen concentrations. | a new antigen-rich inactivated poliovirus vaccine (ipv) in ordinary (ipv1), double (ipv2) and quadruple (ipv4) antigen concentrations was given in 2 doses to 6 and 18 week old pakistani infants. the immune responses to poliovirus types 1 and 3 were compared to those in infants given three doses of oral poliovirus vaccine (opv) at 6, 12 and 18 weeks of age. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, elisa, was used to estimate igg and iga in serum and secretory iga (siga) in saliva. two to three years la ... | 1991 | 1785289 |
| correlation between amount of virus with altered nucleotide sequence and the monkey test for acceptability of oral poliovirus vaccine. | production of live attenuated oral poliomyelitis vaccine (opv) requires rigorous neurovirulence safety testing of each vaccine lot, currently carried out in monkeys. it has been reported that a change from 472-u to 472-c in the type 3 opv rna is associated with an increased histologic lesion score produced upon intraspinal inoculation of the mutant virus in monkeys. we have developed a method, based on polymerase chain reaction, for measuring the relative abundance of these mutant sequences dire ... | 1991 | 1846038 |
| an assembly defect as a result of an attenuating mutation in the capsid proteins of the poliovirus type 3 vaccine strain. | the molecular basis of the temperature-sensitive (ts) phenotype of p3/sabin, the type 3 vaccine strain of poliovirus, was investigated in light of the known correlation between ts and attenuation phenotypes. a phenylalanine at residue 91 of the capsid protein vp3 was a major determinant of both phenotypes, and attenuation and ts could be reverted by the same second-site mutations. the ts phenotype was due to a defect early in the assembly process that inhibited the formation of 14s pentamers, em ... | 1991 | 1654440 |
| comparative inactivation of poliovirus type 3 and ms2 coliphage in demand-free phosphate buffer by using ozone. | ms2 coliphage (atcc 15597-b1) has been proposed by the u.s. environmental protection agency as a surrogate for enteric viruses to determine the engineering requirements of chemical disinfection systems on the basis of previous experience with chlorine. the objective of this study was to determine whether ms2 coliphage was a suitable indicator for the inactivation of enteric viruses when ozone disinfection systems were used. bench-scale experiments were conducted in 2-liter-batch shrinking reacto ... | 1991 | 1664198 |
| rna sequence variants in live poliovirus vaccine and their relation to neurovirulence. | mutant analysis by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme cleavage (maprec) was used to study sequence heterogeneity and stability in attenuated poliovirus type 3 at positions in which the vaccine virus differs from its wild-type progenitor. of seven genomic positions tested, only two (positions 472 and 2493) show nucleotide heterogeneity. propagation of the vaccine virus in cell cultures leads to rapid selection of virus with reversions at these two positions of the genome. the relati ... | 1992 | 1309923 |
| poliomyelitis case confirmation: characteristics for use by national eradication programmes. | highly sensitive case definitions were first introduced by national poliomyelitis eradication programmes to avoid missing true cases of the disease, though false-positive diagnostic errors could still occur owing to low specificity. extensive data from all 1620 cases of acute, flaccid paralysis reported in brazil during 1987-88 provided an opportunity to study the characteristics of confirmed poliomyelitis cases and epidemiologically to evaluate potential case definitions that maximized both sen ... | 1992 | 1314710 |
| early immunization of neonates with trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine. | described is the evaluation in brazil of the immune response of early immunization with trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (topv). a total of 85 normal neonates from são paulo were assigned one of the following immunization schedules: group a--one dose of topv at birth and subsequent doses at 2, 4, and 9 months of age; or group b--one dose of topv at 2, 4 and 6 months of age. blood samples were collected sequentially from the mother at delivery, from the umbilical cord, and from the child at 2, 4 ... | 1992 | 1314711 |
| a poliovirus replicon containing the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene can be used to study the replication and encapsidation of poliovirus rna. | a poliovirus replicon, flc/rep, which incorporates the reporter gene chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) in place of the region encoding the capsid proteins vp4, vp2, and part of vp3 in the genome of poliovirus type 3, has been constructed. transfection of cells indicates that the flc/rep replicon replicates efficiently and that active cat enzyme is produced as a cat-vp3 fusion protein. the level of cat activity in transfected cells broadly reflects the level of flc/rep rna. a series of muta ... | 1992 | 1321286 |
| genotype-specific in vitro amplification of sequences of the wild type 3 polioviruses from mexico and guatemala. | the extensive nucleotide sequence heterogeneity among independent genotypes of wild polioviruses permits the systematic design of genotype-specific molecular reagents. we have prepared two sets of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primer pairs specific for the genotype of wild poliovirus type 3 recently endemic to mexico and guatemala. nucleotide sequences of a representative wild type 3 virus isolated in mexico in 1989 differed from the corresponding sabin 3 (leon 12 a1b) sequences at 167 of 900 ... | 1992 | 1329370 |
| seroimmunity to poliomyelitis in an albanian immigrant population. | the immunity against poliomyelitis in a representative sample of the albanian population recently immigrant to italy was evaluated. a significant number of the subjects examined lacked protective antibodies against one or more polioviruses. the most prevalent seronegativity related to poliovirus type 3 (41.3%), followed by poliovirus type 1 (21.5%). this result was more consistent in the younger age groups. our data suggest the hypothesis that this problem arises from the use of a vaccine of dis ... | 1992 | 1333689 |
| transgenic pvr tg-1 mice for testing of poliovirus type 3 neurovirulence: comparison with monkey test. | transgenic mice susceptible to poliovirus were recently produced by two groups of investigators. in this study, we compared the sensitivity of pvr tg-1 transgenic mice and rhesus monkeys to poliovirus type 3. we found that intracerebrally inoculated tg-1 mice are able to differentiate wild-type strain from attenuated strains and from a vaccine revertant. however, this mouse system can not discriminate between live poliovirus vaccine lots which passed the intraspinal (i.s.) monkey neurovirulence ... | 1993 | 8117436 |
| [current perspectives in virology: prevention]. | a short review of deficiencies in immune reactions in older adults resulting in an increase of vaccine-preventable diseases (e.g. influenza) in this age group is presented. reasons for so-called vaccine failures (primary, secondary) in persons previously vaccinated against measles are discussed. the immune status against poliomyelitis of the population in germany, based on repeated serosurveillance studies is presented, the immunity of persons previously topv-vaccinated against a poliovirus type ... | 1993 | 8144183 |
| coxsackievirus b1-based antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of immunoglobulin g (igg), igm, and iga with broad specificity for enteroviruses. | an antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with coxsackievirus b1 as the antigen was evaluated for detection of immunoglobulin g (igg), igm, and iga antibodies and showed broad specificity for enteroviruses. in total, 116 serum or cerebrospinal fluid samples from 62 patients were tested by elisa and the complement fixation test (cft). additionally, 15 serum samples that contained poliovirus-specific igm antibody were tested. serum samples from 200 healthy blood donors were use ... | 1993 | 8308117 |
| isolation of wild poliovirus type 3 among members of a religious community objecting to vaccination--alberta, canada, 1993. | during september 1992-february 1993, 68 cases of poliomyelitis occurred among members of a religious community in the netherlands. because members of an affiliated religious community in alberta, canada, had direct contact (i.e, travel to and from the netherlands) with members of the affected community, health authorities in alberta conducted an investigation during january-february 1993 to determine whether this poliovirus had been imported. this report summarizes the results of this investigat ... | 1993 | 8386797 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. isolation of wild poliovirus type 3 among members of a religious community objecting to vaccination--alberta, canada, 1993. | 1993 | 8389405 | |
| [virological and serological aspects of the dutch polio epidemic in 1992]. | during the 1992 poliovirus type 3 outbreak in the netherlands virological and serological investigations were conducted. no molecular epidemiological link was traced between poliovirus type 3 that caused the outbreak of poliomyelitis in the netherlands and isolates from previous epidemics investigated. serological neutralization assessments indicate that the inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine used in the dutch national immunization schedule induces immunity to the causative agent. | 1993 | 8393967 |
| analysis of the human t-cell response to picornaviruses: identification of t-cell epitopes close to b-cell epitopes in poliovirus. | little is known about the nature and specificity of t-cell-mediated responses to picornaviruses in humans. in this study, the nature of the t-cell response to seven picornaviruses, including polioviruses, coxsackieviruses b3 and b4, human rhinovirus 14, and encephalomyocarditis virus, was determined. twenty-nine individuals responded to poliovirus type 3, coxsackievirus b3, and encephalomyocarditis virus by proliferation of t cells, and from such cultures, 130 virus-specific t-cell lines were es ... | 1993 | 7679749 |
| the polio epidemic in the netherlands, 1992/1993. | starting september 1992, an outbreak of poliomyelitis occurred in the netherlands. until now a total of 67 cases have been notified. these were the first indigenous cases since 1978. none of the patients had been vaccinated before, and all but one belong to small protestant groups that refuse vaccination for religious reasons. the age of the patients varies from several days to 61 years (mean age 19) and the male to female ratio is 1.6:1.0. the epidemic is caused by wild poliovirus type 3. parti ... | 1993 | 8041875 |
| formation of poliovirus-like particles by recombinant baculoviruses expressing the individual vp0, vp3, and vp1 proteins by comparison to particles derived from the expressed poliovirus polyprotein. | the cdna sequences encoding the vp0, vp3, and vp1 structural proteins of poliovirus type 3 (strain p3/leon/37) have been individually cloned and used to prepare recombinant baculoviruses based on autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (acnpv). expression of the proteins was monitored in virus-infected spodoptera frugiperda cells. both the individually expressed vp0 protein and vp0 derived from the complete poliovirus coding region were shown to incorporate myristic acid. a significa ... | 1993 | 8380663 |
| win 51711-dependent mutants of poliovirus type 3: evidence that virions decay after release from cells unless drug is present. | twenty-two spontaneous mutants of the sabin strain of poliovirus type 3 were selected for drug resistance by plating on hela cell monolayers in the presence of win 51711, an uncoating inhibitor. when replated in the presence and absence of drug, two classes of mutants were observed; mutants displayed either a drug-dependent or a non-drug-dependent phenotype, in the proportion 14:8. non-drug-dependent mutants plaqued with equal efficiency in the presence or absence of drug. by contrast, drug-depe ... | 1993 | 8382293 |
| approaches to the construction of new candidate poliovirus type 3 vaccine strains. | the world health organization has called for improvements to oral polio vaccines (opv), particularly the type 3 component. our improved understanding of the genetic basis of attenuation and antigenicity of this strain gives rise to possibilities for constructing new derivatives via mutagenesis of infectious cdna. this article reviews progress made with various approaches to constructing a new type 3 candidate vaccine strain. these include the construction of antigen chimaeras of poliovirus based ... | 1993 | 8388827 |
| construction of the full local similarity map for two biopolymers. | a novel algorithm for construction of complete maps of local similarity for two biopolymer sequences is described. the algorithm is much faster than the related altschul-erickson procedure, it is implemented as the dot-helix module within the genebee package. performance of the algorithm is exemplified with the analysis of the polyproteins of two poliovirus type 3 strains and its effectivity is compared to the staden method. possible applications of the algorithm are briefly discussed. | 1993 | 8397009 |
| distribution of drug resistance mutations in type 3 poliovirus identifies three regions involved in uncoating functions. | we have previously described the use of an uncoating inhibitor, win 51711, to select drug-resistant mutants of the sabin strain of poliovirus type 3. two-thirds of the mutants proved to be dependent on the drug for plaque formation because of extreme thermolability (a. g. mosser and r. r. rueckert, j. virol. 67:1246-1254, 1993). here we report the responsible mutations; all were traced to single amino acid substitutions. mutations conferring dependence and thermolability occurred in all four cap ... | 1994 | 7966611 |
| interaction of poliovirus with its cell surface binding site. | the interaction of poliovirus with its cellular binding sites was characterized by using a receptor-excess silicon oil partition assay. poliovirus type 1 mahoney [pv1(m)] binding to hela cells fits a theoretical simple bimolecular noncooperative binding curve with an equilibrium dissociation constant (kd) of 4.3 x 10(7) cells.ml-1 at 4 degrees, or 2.1 x 10(-10) m, assuming 3000 virus binding sites/cell. the association rate of complex formation was measured to be 3.6 x 10(-9) ml.cell-1.min-1 (7. ... | 1994 | 8178474 |
| lessons from cuba: mass campaign administration of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine and seroprevalence of poliovirus neutralizing antibodies. | the immunogenicity of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (topv), which is less effective in tropical than in temperate areas, may potentially be improved in several ways, including increasing the number of doses. little information is available on topv when more than 6 doses are given. the situation in cuba provides a unique opportunity to relate the seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies to the dose of topv because cuba has not reported culture-confirmed poliomyelitis since 1973 and topv is o ... | 1994 | 8205641 |
| the 5'-untranslated regions of picornavirus rnas contain independent functional domains essential for rna replication and translation. | the role of the 5'-untranslated region (5'utr) in the replication of enteroviruses has been studied by using a series of poliovirus type 3 (pv3) replicons containing the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene in which the 5'utr was replaced by the 5'utr of either coxsackievirus b4 or human rhinovirus 14 or composite 5'utrs derived from sequences of pv3, human rhinovirus 14, coxsackievirus b4, or encephalomyocarditis virus. the results indicate that efficient replication of an enteroviru ... | 1994 | 8207812 |
| [eradication of poliomyelitis from the american continent]. | a strategy to eradicate poliomyelitis from america was developed in 1985 by the paho. the last case of poliomyelitis due to wild virus was detected in august 1991 in the andean region of peru. the main strategies used to eradicate polio are: 1) attainment of high immunization levels, 2) biannual national vaccination campaigns with opv in all poliomyelitis infected countries, 3) organization in all america countries of effective surveillance of afp, 4) setting up of a laboratory network for the i ... | 1994 | 7522869 |
| use of drug-resistance mutants to identify functional regions in picornavirus capsid proteins. | the win drugs and similar hydrophobic compounds that insert into the capsid of picornaviruses have been shown to block viral uncoating. in some of the human rhinoviruses they also block attachment of virus to cells. spontaneously occurring drug-resistant mutants of human rhinovirus 14 and poliovirus type 3 were selected for their ability to make plaques in the presence of the selecting drug. the hrv-14 mutants either prevented drug binding or allowed the virus to attach to cells in the presence ... | 1994 | 8032243 |
| immunity to poliovirus and immunization with inactivated poliovirus vaccine after autologous bone marrow transplantation. | titers of antibody to poliovirus in 102 patients were determined with a sensitive neutralization assay before and 1 year after autologous bone marrow transplantation. at 1 year 14 patients (14%) had lost antibodies to poliovirus type 1 (p < .001), 10 (10%) to poliovirus type 2 (p < .05), and 13 (13%) to poliovirus type 3 (p < .01). twenty-two patients had lost antibodies to at least one type of poliovirus. follow-up of unimmunized patients 2 years (n = 40) and 3 years (n = 23) after transplantat ... | 1994 | 8038308 |
| design and construction of rhinovirus chimeras incorporating immunogens from polio, influenza, and human immunodeficiency viruses. | this paper describes the design and construction of chimeric human rhinoviruses that contain immunogenic regions from other pathogens as part of their surface coat proteins. segments encoding the poliovirus 3 sabin vp1 and vp2 proteins, the influenza hemagglutinin (ha) glycoprotein, and the human immunodeficiency virus gp120 surface and gp41 transmembrane glycoproteins were inserted into a full-length clone of human rhinovirus 14 (hrv14) at regions corresponding to neutralizing immunogenic sites ... | 1994 | 7507283 |
| expression of a foreign epitope on the surface of the adenovirus hexon. | to present short protein sequences to the host immune system a foreign epitope has been expressed on the surface of the adenovirus virion as part of the hexon. as the trimeric hexon constitutes 240 out of the 252 capsomers of the virus, the foreign epitope is repeated 720 times on the virion surface. an eight amino acid sequence from the major antigenic site in the vp1 capsid protein of poliovirus type 3 was engineered into two regions of the adenovirus type 2 hexon. the two loop regions chosen ... | 1994 | 7509367 |
| poliomyelitis outbreak in an unvaccinated community in the netherlands, 1992-93. | an outbreak of poliomyelitis occurred in the netherlands between september, 1992, and february, 1993, after 14 years without endemic cases. the outbreak was due to poliovirus type 3 and involved 71 patients, of whom 2 died and 59 had paralysis. the patients were aged between 10 days and 61 years (median 18 years). none of the patients had been vaccinated, and all but 1 belonged to a socially and geographically clustered group of people who refuse vaccination for religious reasons. control measur ... | 1994 | 7915354 |
| nested pcr for specific detection and rapid identification of human picornaviruses. | a nested pcr for the detection and rapid identification of human picornaviruses is described. enteroviruses and rhinoviruses were amplified with the same set of four primers from the 5'-noncoding region. the nested primers allowed the detection of far less than 1 pfu in diluted virus stocks without southern blot hybridization. in patients with neurological disorders (mainly aseptic meningitis), 43% of 37 specimens (11 of 21 cerebrospinal fluid specimens, 2 of 10 serum specimens, and 3 of 6 stool ... | 1994 | 8150936 |
| poliovirus type 3/saukett: antigenic and structural correlates of sequence variation in the capsid proteins. | the saukett/usa/50 strain is the type 3 component of the inactivated poliovirus vaccine. the capsid-coding region of genomic rna of saukett strains from five different sources was sequenced and the sequence differences were correlated with antigenic differences measurable with poliovirus type 3-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. all strains appeared to have capsid protein genes identical in size to those of the entirely sequenced type 3 poliovirus strains. the nucleotide sequence ident ... | 1994 | 8116248 |
| acquisition of immunity in mothers of infants administered trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine. | the hypothesis that live oral poliovirus vaccine (opv) confers immunity to persons in close contact with the vaccine recipient was tested by comparing cord blood antibody titers in 31 first-born neonates to those of 48 neonates with one or more siblings adequately immunized with opv. a borderline or negative result (defined as a reciprocal titer of < or = 8) for at least one type was significantly more prevalent among first-born neonates than among neonates with one or more siblings [17/31 (55%) ... | 1994 | 7889964 |
| early immunization with inactivated poliovirus vaccine in premature infants. | the antibody titers of 41 premature infants receiving inactivated poliovirus vaccine at 2 months of age (control group) were compared with titers of 39 infants receiving an additional dose at 5 to 10 days of age (study group). at 1 month of age 97.4% of the study group but only 70.8% of the control group had protective antibodies against poliovirus 3 (p < 0.001). | 1995 | 7608797 |
| lack of evidence for wild poliovirus circulation--united states, 1993. | following the isolation of wild poliovirus type 3 during january-february 1993 among members of a religious community objecting to vaccination in alberta, canada, surveillance for poliomyelitis was enhanced among related communities in the united states (1). in addition, during may-july 1993, a series of surveys was conducted in seven states (iowa, missouri, new york, ohio, pennsylvania, washington, and wisconsin) to determine whether wild poliovirus was circulating or had circulated recently am ... | 1995 | 7799910 |
| characterization of a wild poliovirus type 3 isolated japan in 1993. | a wild poliovirus type 3 was isolated from a throat swab of a patient with upper respiratory symptoms without paralysis in shiga prefecture, in 1993. wild poliovirus has never been isolated in these nine years in japan. the most recent isolation of wild poliovirus was of type 1 in 1984 from a case of encephalomyelitis in aichi prefecture. antigenic and pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses revealed that the shiga strain was non-sabin origin. sequence analysis of the vp1 region co ... | 1995 | 7666595 |
| molecular characterization of a wild poliovirus type 3 epidemic in the netherlands (1992 and 1993). | an outbreak of poliomyelitis due to wild poliovirus type 3 (pv3) occurred in an unvaccinated community in the netherlands between september 1992 and february 1993. the outbreak involved 71 patients. the aim of this study was to characterize the virus at the molecular level and to analyze the molecular evolution of the epidemic virus. molecular analysis was carried out by sequencing the vp1/2a junction region (150 nucleotides) of 50 pv3 strains isolated in association with this outbreak and the e ... | 1995 | 8586711 |
| prevalence of antibodies to polioviruses & enteroviruses excreted by healthy children in bombay. | a total of 132 healthy children between the ages one month and 12 yr were surveyed to determine the prevalence of antibodies to the three poliovirus serotypes. among infants up to six months of age, 73.2, 85.4 and 56.1 per cent had antibodies to poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3, respectively. in children of age groups 7 months to 3 yr and above 3 yr, antibody prevalence to the three poliovirus serotypes was 90.2, 86.9 and 57.4, and 83.3, 96.7 and 76.7 per cent, respectively. immunization coverage wit ... | 1995 | 7729847 |
| abortive and subclinical poliomyelitis in a family during the 1992 epidemic in the netherlands. | we describe a case of abortive poliomyelitis due to poliovirus type 3 (pv3) in an unvaccinated woman and a subclinical poliovirus infection in her family during an epidemic in the netherlands. the woman excreted the epidemic strain (pv3) for 7 weeks. her two children received oral attenuated poliovirus vaccine and were subsequently found to excrete pv1 and pv2 vaccine strains in addition to the epidemic pv3 strain. her husband, who had neutralizing antibodies to all three poliovirus types becaus ... | 1995 | 7742455 |
| diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of h.p.v.-c.i.n. | between april 1989 and december 1993, eight thousand one hundred women under cytologic suspect of human papillomavirus (hpv) cervical infection underwent new cytology, colposcopy, colposcopically directed exocervical biopsy, and, eventually, endocervical curettage. hpv cervical lesions were confirmed in 300 patients (3.7%), on the basis of at least, two positive diagnostic methods. prior to surgery, the papanicolaou smear was negative in 50 women, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) i in 17 ... | 1995 | 7744116 |
| [susceptibility of picornaviruses++ to an antiviral of plant origin (meliacin)]. | meliacine, a peptide associated with antiviral activity isolated from the high plant melia azedarach l (ma) inhibits the replication of different strains of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) and poliovirus in bhk-21 or vero cells, respectively, infected at a multiplicity of infection (m.o.i.) of 1. a leaf extract of ma, containing meliacine was added to the culture medium after virus adsorption and maintained up to virus harvest (18 hs). fmdv o1 campos and o69 strains showed 60% and 52% inhibi ... | 1995 | 7568867 |
| win51711-resistant mutants of poliovirus type 3: capsid residues important in uncoating functions. | capsid-binding drugs that inhibit the first stage of picornaviral uncoating were used to select drug-resistant mutants of the sabin strain of poliovirus type 3. such mutants provide information about parts of the capsid that are important for functions blocked by the drugs, and also about pathways to drug resistance. amino-acid substitutions allowing virus to produce progeny in the presence of drug were mapped to 13 different residues occupying three distinct locations: (i) the canyon base; (ii) ... | 1995 | 15299835 |
| antibody titre and avidity in saliva and serum are not impaired in mildly to moderately undernourished children. | avidities and titres of serum iga, igm, igg, and salivary iga antibodies for poliovirus type 3, beta-lactoglobulin and e. coli o antigens were analysed in well-nourished (n=58) and mildly to moderately undernourished (n = 18) 1-7-year-old children, living in slums in são paulo, brazil, with irregular water supply and no sewage system. the serum titres of antibodies in the undernourished children were not statistically different from the well-nourished ones, except for the iga anti-beta-lactoglob ... | 1995 | 7636934 |
| isolation of epidemic poliovirus from sewage during the 1992-3 type 3 outbreak in the netherlands. | to examine the extent of wild poliovirus circulation during the 1992-3 epidemic in the netherlands caused by poliovirus type 3, 269 samples from sewage pipelines at 120 locations were examined for the presence of poliovirus. the epidemic virus strain was found in 23 samples, all from locations inside the risk area which contained communities that refuse vaccination for religious reasons. by sewage investigation, the wildtype virus was shown to be present in the early phase of the epidemic at two ... | 1995 | 7781736 |
| the 3' untranslated region of picornavirus rna: features required for efficient genome replication. | the role of the 3' untranslated region (3'utr) in the replication of enteroviruses has been studied with a series of mutants derived from either poliovirus type 3 (pv3) or a pv3 replicon containing the reporter gene chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. replication was observed when the pv3 3'utr was replaced with that of either coxsackie b4 virus, human rhinovirus 14 (hrv14), bovine enterovirus, or hepatitis a virus, despite the lack of sequence and secondary structure homology of the 3'utrs of th ... | 1995 | 7494295 |
| vaccine-associated cases of poliomyelitis over a 30 year period in east germany. | a report is presented about studies on poliovirus type 3 isolates from vaccine-associated cases or contacts of cases of paralytic poliomyelitis, observed over a period of 30 years in east germany (former gdr). in the viral isolates, some mutations were found in comparison to the sabin vaccine type 3 strain, distributed over the whole genome. the significance of these mutations has been discussed, especially the mutation at position 472 in the 5' noncoding region found in all the isolates investi ... | 1995 | 8861848 |
| genetic divergence of poliovirus strains isolated in the karachi region of pakistan. | seventy-seven wild poliovirus strains isolated from poliomyelitis cases in the civil hospital of karachi in pakistan in 1989-1993 were selected for partial sequence analysis covering the vp1/2a junction region of the viral genome to study the genetic relationships and epidemiological links between strains. viral rna was partially amplified by rt-pcr and sequenced by a solid phase method. computer analysis revealed genetic divergence of the strains within each serotype. most of the nucleotide dif ... | 1995 | 8847513 |
| succession of mutations in the sabin strain of type 3 poliovirus replicating in the central nervous system of monkeys. | sabin strains of oral poliovirus vaccine (opv) undergo limited genetic changes during replication in cell cultures, the gastrointestinal tract of vaccinees, and the central nervous system of monkeys. some of these changes are associated with loss of attenuation markers. here we report the dynamics of mutant accumulation in the sabin strain of poliovirus type 3 inoculated intraspinally into monkeys. thr --> lle reversion in amino acid 6 of vp1 (2493 c --> u) occurred within the first few days pos ... | 1996 | 8661379 |
| circulation of poliovirus during the poliomyelitis outbreak in the netherlands in 1992-1993. | a population-based study on the circulation of epidemic poliovirus during 1992-1993 outbreak in the netherlands was carried out in order to assess whether the virus circulated outside the group of people who reject vaccinations on religious grounds and outside the area where these groups form sociodemographically closely knit network. the prevalence of poliovirus excretion was estimated in a cross-sectional study with a random sample of 2,400 children aged 5-14 years and 3,000 adults age 40-64 y ... | 1996 | 8610706 |
| the use of antipoliovirus monoclonal antibodies as an improved safety test for oral live poliomyelitis vaccine. | almost all the individual preparations of poliovirus type 3 specific monoclonal antibodies showed high neutralizing antibody titres against low-titre sabin type 3 virus with a titer of 10(2) ccid 50/25 microliters. however, the preparations failed to neutralize high-titre virus at a titre of about 10(7) ccid50/25 microliters (undiluted virus fluid). the use of pooled monoclonal antibodies, comprising two or more individual antibodies, however, showed a high neutralizing activity for the high-tit ... | 1996 | 8821647 |
| [prevalence of hpv infection and histologic correlations]. | 476 patients with cervical lesions were examined for hpv presence in the lower genital tract. the virapap/viratype detection set was used. prevalence of low oncogenic risk group of hpv types (lr-hpv) was 12.2% a that of intermediate and high risk group (hr-hpv) was 28.5%. it is compared with control series of 168 women undergoing interruption of pregnancy (prevalence of lr-hpv 3.0% and of hr-hpv 13.7%) and with a control series of 137 std (sexually transmitted disease) bearers (prevalence of lr- ... | 1996 | 8925158 |
| human enterovirus infection in stray dogs. some aspects of interest to public health. | to investigate the possible role of domestic animals as reservoirs of human enteroviruses, we studied 212 stray dogs captured in different areas of the municipality of são paulo. the captured animals were divided into 19 groups of 10 to 20 dogs each; faeces of 126 of the 212 dogs were processed for enterovirus isolation. the following viruses were isolated from 12 dogs; poliovirus type 1 (2 dogs), poliovirus type 3 (1 dog), echovirus type 7 (8 dogs) and echovirus type 15 (1 dog). of the 12 infec ... | 1996 | 9071037 |
| loss of protective immunity to polio, diphtheria and haemophilus influenzae type b after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. | immunity to poliovirus, diphtheria and haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) was studied in 16 adult recipients of a bone marrow transplant from an hla-identical sibling donor in order to evaluate the need for revaccinations. t-cell depletion was not done in any case. the donors and patients were studied before bone marrow transplantation (bmt) and the patients 1, 3, 6, and 12 months later. prior to the bmt 10 of 11 patients were immune (titre > or = 4) to all vaccine poliovirus types by a standar ... | 1996 | 8703445 |
| immune response to a booster dose of enhanced potency inactivated polio vaccine administered in association with hbv vaccine in adolescents. | the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a booster dose of enhanced potency inactivated polio vaccine (eipv) were evaluated in 492 healthy 12 year old adolescents. the booster was administered at the same time as the hbv vaccine compulsory in italy at this age. blood samples and questionnaires on reactogenicity were collected over 9 months. analysis of pre-vaccination immunity showed that 97.4% of the subjects were protected against all polio types, 1.9% were negative for two polio types and 0.6 ... | 1996 | 8744550 |
| molecular detection of an importation of type 3 wild poliovirus into canada from the netherlands in 1993. | during the fall and winter of 1992-1993 an outbreak of wild poliovirus type 3-associated poliomyelitis involving 71 patients occurred in the netherlands. almost all of the individuals involved in the outbreak belonged to an orthodox religious denomination that prohibits vaccination. a surveillance was initiated to determine if there had been an importation of this same strain of wild poliovirus into a southern alberta community with a similar religious affiliation. viral culture of stool samples ... | 1997 | 9023931 |
| a new who international reference reagent for use in potency assays of inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine. | assays of the potency of inactivated poliovirus vaccine require the use of an appropriate reference reagent. preparation 91/574 was shown by international collaborative study to be suitable for determination of antigenic content and immunogenicity of inactivated poliovirus vaccines by in vitro and in vivo assays, respectively. the reagent is a trivalent blend of formaldehyde-inactivated monovalent pools of poliovirus type 1 (mahoney) poliovirus type 2 (mef-1) and poliovirus type 3 (saukett). stu ... | 1997 | 9167009 |
| outbreak of paralytic poliomyelitis in a highly immunized population in jordan. | between november 1991 and march 1992, 37 cases of paralytic poliomyelitis occurred in jordan, where none had been reported since 1988. of these, 17 (50%) of 34 patients had received at least three doses of oral poliovirus vaccine (opv3). the first and 2 subsequent case-patients were children of pakistani migrant workers, and the first 8 and a total of 27 (75%) case-patients resided in or near the jordan valley. a seroepidemiologic study of 987 children in all regions of jordan was performed to a ... | 1997 | 9203694 |
| a large outbreak of poliomyelitis following temporary cessation of vaccination in samarkand, uzbekistan, 1993-1994. | oral poliovirus vaccine (opv) was not available in samarkand, uzbekistan, from november 1992 to august 1993. the ensuing outbreak of poliomyelitis was investigated: patients with poliomyelitis were evaluated, the extent of poliovirus circulation was estimated, and the effectiveness of control measures was assessed. between march 1993 and april 1994, 74 cases of paralytic disease attributable to poliovirus type 3 were reported. cases originated from 63% of districts; 88% of cases were children < ... | 1997 | 9203697 |
| comparison of a monoclonal antibody-based igm capture elisa with a neutralization assay for assessing response to trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine. | monoclone-based igm capture elisas were developed for each of the three poliovirus serotypes and compared with a neutralization assay for detecting response to trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine among 224 infants. the igm-based response rates were significantly higher than the neutralizing antibody-based rates: 95% versus 83% to poliovirus type 1, 99% versus 94% to poliovirus type 2, and 89% versus 59% to poliovirus type 3. igm responses to the first vaccine dose were significantly associated bet ... | 1997 | 9203727 |
| telomerase activation in cervical cancer. | it has been hypothesized that infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (hpvs), in conjunction with other cellular events, plays a critical role in the development of cervical cancer. activation of telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein enzyme complex that synthesizes telomere repeats, has been associated with acquisition of the immortal phenotype in vitro and is commonly observed in human cancers. in this study, we have examined 10 high-grade cervical cancers for telomerase activity and for the ... | 1997 | 9212727 |
| randomized comparison of early and late vaccination with inactivated poliovirus vaccine after allogeneic bmt. | forty-five adult hla-matched sibling bmt recipients were randomized to receive inactivated poliovirus vaccine (ipv) at 6, 8 and 14 months (early group, n = 23) or at 18, 20 and 26 months after bmt (late group, n = 22). ninety-five percent of the early group patients had protective antibody titres of > or = 4 to poliovirus type 1 (pv1), poliovirus type 2 (pv2) and poliovirus type 3 (pv3) by a microneutralization assay prior to the first vaccination, at 6 months after bmt. the corresponding propor ... | 1997 | 9383230 |
| ultraviolet, chlorine and ozone disinfection of some enteroviruses in drinking water and treated effluents. | the inactivation efficiency of chlorine, ultraviolet light and ozone were determined for poliovirus type 3, coxsackievirus type b4 and hepatitis a virus in drinking water and treated effluent. ultraviolet was more efficient than the other two disinfectants at wave length 254 nm where no infective virus was detected after 4 min of uv irradiation in both drinking water and treated effluent. inactivation by chlorine dose more than 25 mg/l was sufficient for studied viruses in both drinking water an ... | 1997 | 17216997 |
| increased immunogenicity of oral poliovirus vaccine administered in mass vaccination campaigns compared with the routine vaccination program in jordan. | to compare the immunogenicity of routine versus mass campaign doses of oral poliovirus vaccine (opv), serum neutralizing antibodies were measured in 254 children before and after two mass vaccination campaigns in jordan. precampaign seroprevalences to poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 in children who had received three, four, or five routine doses of opv were compared with postcampaign seroprevalences in children who had received one, two, or three routine doses plus two mass campaign doses. seroprev ... | 1997 | 9203717 |
| sequential use of inactivated poliovirus vaccine followed by oral poliovirus vaccine in oman. | seroprevalence and geometric mean titers (gmts) were compared at 6 and 10 months after vaccination with monovalent type 1 oral poliovirus vaccine (opv) at 6 months and trivalent opv at 7 and 9 months. group 1 had received 4 doses of opv, group 2 opv at birth and 3 doses of opv and inactivated poliovirus vaccine (ipv), and group 3 placebo at birth and 3 doses of ipv. a total of 547 infants completed the study. at 10 months, seroprevalence to poliovirus type 1 was 98%, 99%, and 98% in groups 1, 2, ... | 1997 | 9203722 |