Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| feline calicivirus infection in kittens borne by cats persistently infected with the virus. | on the basis of repeated isolation of feline calicivirus (fcv) from oropharyngeal swabs four to eight months after exposure to fcv strain 255, four carrier queen cats were identified. these cats gave birth to 16 kittens. litters were individually housed with their mothers until nine weeks of age and were monitored virologically and serologically from birth until 15 weeks old. all kittens became infected between three and nine weeks old and shed fcv consistently for periods of three to 11 weeks. ... | 1984 | 6089284 |
| an outbreak of calicivirus associated gastroenteritis in an elderly persons home. a possible zoonosis? | an outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by calicivirus began amongst residents and staff of an old persons home 24 hours after the proprietor's dog had been sick. serological evidence suggests that the calicivirus isolated from one of the cases may be capable of infecting dogs as well as man. the virus strain responsible for this outbreak differs antigenically from those associated with two other outbreaks in the u.k. and one in japan. the characteristic morphology of calicivirus is lost if stool ... | 1984 | 6094667 |
| feline viral respiratory disease. the carrier state, vaccination, and control. | a thorough understanding of the epizootiology of fcv and frtv is critical when implementing control measures in premises with enzootic urd. failure to properly segregate cats, reduce fomite contamination, or implement a vaccination schedule most suited to that population will undoubtedly allow perpetuation of disease. several questions remain unanswered about urd in cats. following several years of widespread routine vaccination, what is the prevalence of the carrier state in vaccinated cats? wh ... | 1984 | 6097007 |
| lesions of gnotobiotic calves experimentally infected with a calicivirus-like (newbury) agent. | fourteen gnotobiotic calves were killed 0.5 to ten days after infection with newbury agent srv-1 and the changes in small intestinal structure and function were assessed, qualitatively and quantitatively, by light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, enzymology and xylose absorption. the first enterocytes detected as infected by immunoperoxidase were those on the sides of villi at the base. subsequently exfoliation of degenerate enterocytes resulted in stunted villi; mucosa ... | 1984 | 6328722 |
| human viral gastroenteritis. | 1984 | 6330511 | |
| propagation and preliminary characterization of a chicken candidate calicivirus. | the present paper reports the propagation and partial characterization of calici-like virus particles previously observed in gut homogenates obtained from stunted broiler chicks. radiolabelling experiments with [3h]uridine showed that the virus possesses an rna genome and that it can replicate in primary chick embryo fibroblasts in the presence of actinomycin d. in vivo studies showed that the virus can be serially passaged in specific pathogen-free chicks and virus particles can be recovered fr ... | 1985 | 2410552 |
| susceptibility of feline herpesvirus 1 and a feline calicivirus to feline interferon and recombinant human leukocyte interferons. | feline lung monolayer cultures were treated with either a feline interferon (ifn) or one of two recombinant human alpha-ifns and then challenged with feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv-1), feline calicivirus (f-9 strain), or vesicular stomatitis virus. treatment with these ifns reduced the viral yield for each of these three viruses as compared with that of control cultures. vesicular stomatitis virus was more sensitive to each ifn than were fhv-1 or feline calicivirus f-9. | 1985 | 2418778 |
| characterization of a new calicivirus isolated from feces of a dog. | canine calicivirus (cacv), isolated from feces of a dog with diarrhea, was readily propagated in cultures of canine cells and in a dolphin cell line. serologic evidence indicated many dogs in at least one geographic area had been infected with cacv, but its role as an etiologic agent of disease was not established. in cell culture most cacv virions were strongly cell-associated making purification difficult. cacv was established as a member of the caliciviridae by morphology and physicochemical ... | 1985 | 2986576 |
| [virus infections in fishes: etiology, diagnosis and control]. | 1985 | 2988236 | |
| feline calicivirus subunit vaccine--a prototype. | a vaccine was prepared from a subunit component, antigenically similar to the whole feline calicivirus (fcv) particles. despite the limited number of animals available for this study we were able to demonstrate that the vaccine protected cats when challenged with a virulent strain of the virus while the non-vaccinates kept as controls developed clinical and histopathological symptoms of the calicivirus disease. | 1985 | 2994563 |
| serologic and virologic surveys on feline herpesvirus and feline calicivirus infections in cats for experimental use. | serologic survey and virus isolation of feline herpesvirus (fhv) and feline calicivirus (fcv) were performed on cats used for research at the laboratory animal research centre, the university of tsukuba, over the period from 1978 to 1981. of the 507 mature and immature cats, 4 months old or older, 102 (20.1%) had hi antibody against fhv and 412 (81.3%) sn antibody against fcv. some 23 (16.2%) and 76 (53.5%) kittens among 142 younger than 4 months had antibodies against fhv and fcv, respectively. ... | 1985 | 2998829 |
| evaluation of tri-combinant vaccine for feline herpesvirus, calicivirus and panleukopenia virus infections in japanese native cats. | tri-combinant vaccine consisting of attenuated feline herpesvirus (fhv) and feline calicivirus (fcv) and inactivated feline panleukopenia virus (fplv), were evaluated for safety and efficacy, using japanese native cats and the viral strains isolated in japan. thirty-eight 9- to 12-week-old kittens were inoculated intramuscularly and subcutaneously with the vaccine. consequently, no adverse reaction was found, and protective efficacy was confirmed by challenge tests with the virulent strains of e ... | 1985 | 2998830 |
| viral respiratory diseases. | an overview of the more commonly encountered viral diseases of the dog and cat is presented. the reader is acquainted with the principles of antiviral therapy and the drugs that have been studied for use in animal viral respiratory diseases. an update on vaccination principles and guidelines is provided. | 1985 | 3000052 |
| serologic evaluation of vaccinated american river otters. | the oklahoma department of wildlife conservation acquired 20 american river otters (lutra canadensis) between 1984 and 1985 for reintroduction into oklahoma waterways. in 1985, 10 otters were evaluated for serum antibody titers after vaccination with canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type 2, canine parvovirus (cpv), feline panleukopenia virus (fpv), feline rhinotracheitis virus (frv), and feline calicivirus. prevaccination serum-virus neutralization (svn) antibody to feline rhinotracheit ... | 1985 | 3001000 |
| other viruses with etiologic roles in childhood gastroenteritis. | rotaviruses and norwalk-like viruses are the two groups of viruses most frequently associated with gastroenteritis, but as outlined in this review several other viral agents have also been associated with acute gastroenteritis. the gastroenteritis viruses are generally fastidious, and thus traditional cell culture isolation and detection procedures are not applicable; therefore electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy remain among the most powerful techniques for studying these viruses. ... | 1986 | 3003721 |
| characterization of the snow mountain agent of viral gastroenteritis. | snow mountain agent (sma) is a 27- to 32-nm virus which is the etiologic agent of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in colorado and vermont. sma is morphologically similar to but antigenically distinct from the norwalk and hawaii agents of viral gastroenteritis but, like those agents, has not been cultivated in vitro. we purified and characterized sma directly from human stool specimens containing the virus. the density of the sma virion was 1.29 g/cm3 and 1.21 to 1.22 g/cm3 on potassium tartra ... | 1986 | 3009862 |
| an eight-year study of the viral agents of acute gastroenteritis in humans: ultrastructural observations and seasonal distribution with a major emphasis on coronavirus-like particles. | during an 8-yr period, 862 stool specimens from patients with gastroenteritis were examined by electron microscopy after negative staining with 2% phosphotungstic acid (ph 6.5). forty-one percent of the specimens submitted over an 8-yr period were determined to be positive for virus or viruslike particles belonging to one or more of seven morphologically distinct viral groups. coronavirus-like particles (cvlps) were present in 69.8% of the positive stool specimens. membranous profiles containing ... | 1986 | 3011353 |
| demonstration of calicivirus in human faeces by immunosorbent and immunogold-labelling electron microscopy methods. | immunosorbent electron microscopy (isem) and immuno-gold staining (igs) electron microscopy methods have been applied to human faeces, shown by direct electron microscopy (em) to contain calicivirus. caliciviruses were successfully trapped on grids coated with positive rabbit or human antisera against calicivirus, but not with negative sera. caliciviruses were specifically labelled with gold particles, when treated with positive rabbit or human antisera against calicivirus followed by protein a- ... | 1986 | 3539960 |
| antibodies to marine caliciviruses in the pacific walrus (odobenus rosmarus divergens illiger). | sera from 155 pacific walruses (odobenus rosmarus divergens illiger), sampled in the chukchi sea during the summer of 1983, were tested for serum neutralizing (sn) antibodies to six marine calicivirus serotypes. serotypes tested included san miguel sea lion virus (smsv) types 1, 5, 8, and 10, previously isolated from northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus linné) in the bering sea; walrus calicivirus (wcv), previously isolated from walrus feces collected off sea ice in the chukchi sea; and tilla ... | 1986 | 3712641 |
| a possible maturation pathway of calicivirus particles. | the assembly process of feline calicivirus, a representative member of the caliciviridae, from subunit components in infected cells was monitored by labelling the virus-specific proteins with 3h-leucine for different periods and harvesting cellular extracts at various phases of infection. a series of protein subunit components was detected and the virus assembly process appeared to have occurred in at least two stages. the first stage involved the very rapid aggregation of precursor polypeptides ... | 1986 | 3736441 |
| antibodies to marine caliciviruses in the steller sea lion (eumetopias jubatus schreber). | sera from 145 steller sea lions (76 adults, three subadults, 37 pups, and 29 fetuses) were tested for neutralizing antibodies to nine marine calicivirus serotypes. antibodies were found to san miguel sea lion virus (smsv) types 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 and 13, and to tillamook (bovine) calicivirus, but no antibodies were found to the walrus calicivirus. titers (microtiter neutralization assay) ranged from 1:20 to 1:320, with many positive reactions at the higher dilutions (greater than or equal to 1:80 ... | 1987 | 3820427 |
| serology and virology of the bowhead whale (balaena mysticetus l.). | sera from four bowhead whales (balaena mysticetus l.) were examined for the presence of specific antibodies, and tissue and swab samples from six and four animals respectively were processed for isolation of viruses and for initiation of bowhead whale cell cultures. all sera were negative for antibodies to nine serovars of leptospira interrogans and to 21 orthomyxovirus subtypes and a paramyxovirus (newcastle disease virus). all sera were positive, however, for neutralizing antibodies to one or ... | 1987 | 3820430 |
| vesicular exanthema of swine virus: isolation and serotyping of field samples. | virus isolation was attempted from 262 field samples of vesicular material collected during the outbreaks of vesicular exanthema of swine in the u.s.a. from 1952-54. using primary swine kidney culture, viral cytopathogenic agents were isolated from 76.3% of the samples. however, an overall recovery rate of 82.1% was obtained after samples negative in tissue culture were inoculated intradermally in susceptible swine. all vesicular exanthema of swine virus isolates were identified as serotype b51 ... | 1987 | 3651889 |
| first isolation of a calicivirus from the steller sea lion (eumetopias jubatus). | a calicivirus was isolated from the rectum of a steller sea lion (eumetopias jubatus) pup on rogue reef, off the southern oregon coast. based on the results of neutralization tests with specific typing antisera, the isolate was identified as san miguel sea lion virus serotype 6 (smsv-6). blood obtained from nine of 37 pups (24%) during virus sample collection procedures had specific neutralizing antibodies to smsv-6. the isolation of smsv-6 from a steller sea lion represents, to our knowledge, t ... | 1987 | 3682080 |
| antigenic relationships between human caliciviruses and norwalk virus. | we investigated antigenic relationships between human calicivirus (hcv) strains and norwalk virus by using immune electron microscopy (iem) and radioimmunoassay (ria). three serologically distinct hcv strains, uk1, uk2, and japan, were demonstrated by iem, as was evidence for two additional strains, uk3 and uk4. although hcv strains and norwalk virus were distinct by iem, 12 of 20 patients with gastroenteritis due to hcv uk4 and two of eight with gastroenteritis due to uk2 showed seroconversions ... | 1987 | 2821127 |
| an outbreak of gastroenteritis in a home for the elderly associated with astrovirus type 1 and human calicivirus. | we describe an outbreak of gastroenteritis, which lasted for 22 days in a residential home for the elderly. the outbreak was biphasic and affected 34/42 (80%) residents and 13/29 (44%) members of the staff. calicivirus was associated with cases of illness during the first 9 days of the outbreak, and astrovirus type 1 with cases arising between days 16 to 22. although the symptoms were generally mild, the resources required and the inconvenience caused were considerable. | 1987 | 2826678 |
| [virus-related gastroenteritis]. | 1987 | 3026769 | |
| novel agents of viral enteritis in humans. | considerable information has recently emerged regarding certain "groups" of novel viruses associated with gastroenteritis in humans. the viruses reviewed here are 20-35 nm in diameter and can be detected in the stools of acutely ill individuals with gastroenteritis. these viruses can be conveniently divided into four "groups": norwalk-like agents, caliciviruses, astroviruses, and other small round viruses. the evidence for the etiologic association of these agents with gastroenteritis varies fro ... | 1987 | 3027199 |
| small round viruses: classification and role in food-borne infections. | since the first observation of norwalk virus in the electron microscope in 1972, many different small virus particles in the size range 20-40 nm have been described world-wide in association with outbreaks of gastroenteritis. progress characterizing these agents has been hampered by the relatively small numbers of particles present in clinical material and the lack of success in culturing them. although the relationship between some of these viruses remains confusing, a number of distinct groups ... | 1987 | 3036438 |
| the candidate caliciviruses. | the caliciviridae are a family of small (35-40 nm) rna viruses with a characteristic cupped morphology. they are unique in possessing only a single major structural polypeptide, of mr 60,000-71,000. the use of electron microscopy to investigate diarrhoeal diseases has revealed viral particles with the size and structure of the caliciviruses in the faeces of humans, domestic and farm animals, birds, reptiles and insects. in vivo experiments indicate that they are species specific and have confirm ... | 1987 | 3036439 |
| immunobiology of norwalk virus. | clinical immunity to norwalk virus in inoculated human volunteers appears to be unusual for gastroenteritis viruses, as certain individuals are repeatedly ill on long-term virus rechallenge and others remain persistently well. in these volunteers there is a paradoxical inverse correlation between the prechallenge serum (and jejunal fluid) norwalk antibody level (measured by radioimmunoassay) and resistance to illness, suggesting that non-immunological factors, perhaps genetic, may be important i ... | 1987 | 3036440 |
| comparative pathology of infection by novel diarrhoea viruses. | examination of diarrhoeic faeces in the electron microscope often reveals viruses that are presumed to be enteropathogenic. lesions caused by novel rotaviruses were similar to those of group a rotaviruses, but enterocyte syncytia were seen which are probably pathognomonic for novel rotaviruses. in adenovirus infection in piglets, mature enterocytes were infected and destroyed; intranuclear inclusion bodies were seen in infected enterocytes. calici-like viruses infected mature enterocytes in calv ... | 1987 | 3036441 |
| the diagnostic gap in diarrhoeal aetiology. | it is well established that rotaviruses of group a are the most important cause of severe diarrhoea in children. the causes of most cases of infectious diarrhoea still remain unidentified, however, and there must be other viruses to be found. 'novel' rotaviruses have recently been discovered, mainly in animals (serogroups b and c in pigs and humans, d in birds, and one or more further groups in sheep and other mammals). except for the group b virus which has caused widespread outbreaks of quite ... | 1987 | 3036443 |
| further characterization of the virus-specific rnas in feline calicivirus infected cells. | the virus-specific rnas in feline calicivirus (fcv) infected cells were examined to determine the number and forms of rnas that are synthesized during the infection process. northern blots of poly(a)+ rna from 5-h infected cells probed with a cdna clone derived from the 3' end of the fcv genome (pcv3) revealed four fcv-specific rnas that were approximately 8.2 (genomic rna), 4.8, 4.2 and 2.4 kb in length. northern blots of poly(a)+ rna purified from infected cells hourly after infection and prob ... | 1988 | 3176687 |
| isolation and characterization of caliciviruses from dogs with vesicular genital disease. | two virus isolates, one from lesions of the vagina of a bearded collie and the other from the penis and prepuce of a black labrador, were partially characterized. the two viruses possessed the physicochemical properties, size and morphology of viruses belonging to the family caliciviridae. the two isolates were shown by cross neutralization tests to be distinct from previously reported canine and feline caliciviruses. the viruses, isolated four years apart, are antigenically related. additional ... | 1988 | 3341922 |
| chronic skin reaction to a combined feline rhinotracheitis virus (herpesvirus) and calicivirus vaccine. | 1988 | 3390093 | |
| serial propagation of porcine enteric calicivirus-like virus in primary porcine kidney cell cultures. | a porcine enteric calicivirus-like virus was adapted to serial propagation in primary porcine kidney cell cultures. attempts to propagate this virus in primary porcine kidney cells in the presence of trypsin or pancreatin or without medium supplementation were unsuccessful. a low-ph medium (ph 6.8) was also ineffective in virus propagation. successful serial propagation of the virus required the presence of an intestinal-content preparation, derived from uninfected gnotobiotic pigs, in the cell ... | 1988 | 2830305 |
| an electron microscopical investigation of faecal small round viruses. | a retrospective study of small round featureless viruses (srvs) initially identified by negative-staining electron microscopy of stool samples was performed. a variety of technique, including immunoelectron microscopy and caesium chloride gradient centrifugation, was applied in an attempt to classify further these viruses. over a four-year period, 64 srv-positive samples were reported (1.8% of the stool samples sent for electron microscopy and 6.2% of the total number of positive samples), of wh ... | 1988 | 2832539 |
| pathogenesis of porcine enteric calicivirus-like virus in four-day-old gnotobiotic pigs. | eighteen 4-day-old gnotobiotic pigs were orally inoculated with porcine enteric calicivirus-like virus (c strain). seven additional gnotobiotic pigs served as noninoculated controls. mild diarrhea developed in all inoculated pigs by postinoculation day (pid) 3 and persisted for 3 to 7 days. severe diarrhea developed in 2 inoculated pigs between pid 4 and 5. twelve inoculated and 7 control pigs were euthanatized over a 7-day period. small intestinal mucosal smears were stained with a fluorescein- ... | 1988 | 2840841 |
| virus of enterically transmitted non-a, non-b hepatitis. | 1988 | 2895330 | |
| monoclonal antibodies to feline calicivirus. | we have prepared monoclonal antibodies to the capsid protein of feline calicivirus (fcv). these antibodies are directed against two close but distinct epitopes, only one of which is involved in virus neutralization. we have used these antibodies and immune cat serum in immunoprecipitation and western blotting experiments and have identified novel proteins in fcv-infected cells which we term p78, p41, p35 and p29. the number and sizes of fcv proteins now known resemble those made by other caliciv ... | 1989 | 2475582 |
| detection of feline calicivirus antigens in the joints of infected cats. | twelve specific pathogen free cats were used to investigate the role of calicivirus in causing lameness. these were divided into two groups each of six cats; one group of cats had previously been vaccinated, the other had not. three cats in each group were given live vaccine virus (f9 related) by the subcutaneous route and two in each group were challenged intranasally with field virus (a4), either four or seven days before euthanasia. the other two cats were controls. virus was isolated from th ... | 1989 | 2541528 |
| prevalence of feline calicivirus, feline leukaemia virus and antibodies to fiv in cats with chronic stomatitis. | the prevalence of feline calicivirus (fcv), feline leukaemia virus (felv) and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) antibodies were assessed in 78 british and 18 north american household cats with chronic stomatitis and in appropriate controls. in british cats, fcv was significantly (p less than 0.005) more prevalent in both hospital (92 per cent) and general practice (79 per cent) cases compared to their controls (19 per cent in both cases). a similar difference in prevalence of fcv was noted in ... | 1989 | 2541529 |
| experimental transmission and electron microscopic demonstration of the virus of haemorrhagic disease of rabbits in czechoslovakia. | intramuscular administration of the filtrate of organ suspensions, prepared from a dead rabbit, killed 62.9% of inoculated rabbits within 1 to 5 days, while 93.3% died after intranasal administration of the same inoculum. the virus survived freeze-drying and was resistant to treatment with 0.4% formaldehyde when incubated at 37 degrees c for 1 hour and 4 degrees c for the subsequent 12 hours, but lost its infectivity when the treatment was prolonged to 3 hours at 37 degrees c and 3 days at room ... | 1989 | 2548357 |
| sites of persistence of feline calicivirus. | various tissues were collected from eight cats persistently infected with feline calicivirus (fcv) strain 255 to determine the sites of viral persistence. tissues were tested by virus isolation and an immunohistochemical technique in which infected cells were detected in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections using rabbit antiserum to fcv 255, a biotinylated second antibody and streptavidin-peroxidase. virus was detected by one or both techniques in tonsillar tissues of each animal, a ... | 1989 | 2556765 |
| feline calicivirus protein synthesis investigated by western blotting. | we have used western blotting to examine the accumulation of feline calicivirus proteins within the infected cell. experiments using elevated growth temperature to block post-translational cleavage have demonstrated two additional high molecular weight protein bands 125 kd and 123 kd respectively which may be precursor polyproteins. inhibition of proteolytic processing with p-fluorophenylalanine led to the accumulation of several additional protein species which may represent intermediates in th ... | 1989 | 2596975 |
| pathogenesis of gut virus infection. | in summary, the pathogenesis of many gut virus infections remains uncertain. however, human and animal studies indicate that the majority of gut viruses infect villous enterocytes. viruses appear to have different affinities for enterocytes at different sites on the villus. infection of enterocytes leads to cell death, extrusion into the lumen, and villous atrophy when the rate of cell production in the crypts cannot keep pace with the rate of enterocyte loss. this results in a reduced surface a ... | 1990 | 1962725 |
| human, small round structured viruses, caliciviruses and astroviruses. | epidemiological studies on srsvs, human calicivirus and astroviruses have been limited by the problems of establishing them in cell culture and the inability to transmit them to animals or to use strains from animals as a source of antigen for diagnostic tests. the use of em and the subsequent development of rias and eias in a few research centres has shown that they are a cause of outbreaks and sporadic cases of diarrhoea and vomiting. srsvs have increasingly been recognized as a major cause of ... | 1990 | 1962728 |
| [experiences with a new cat coryza-panleukopenia-rabies combined vaccine]. | the development of a new combined vaccine against cat flu, panleukopenia and rabies should lead to a simplification of the vaccination calendar in small animal practice. in order to judge the suitability of the new vaccine, its efficacy, local tolerability, and safety were evaluated. all vaccinated cats developed high antibody titres against herpes-, calici-, panleukopenia- and rabies virus that persisted well during the trial of 18 months. in comparison to other vaccines containing a smaller nu ... | 1990 | 1964252 |
| viral agents of gastroenteritis. public health importance and outbreak management. | each year, infectious gastroenteritis causes greater than 210,000 children in the united states to be hospitalized and 4-10 million children to die worldwide. since the mid-1970s, knowledge has increased dramatically concerning the viral agents that are responsible for much of this public health burden. rotavirus, the most common cause of diarrhea among children, infects virtually every child in the united states by the age of 4 years and causes potentially lethal dehydration in 0.75% of childre ... | 1990 | 2157945 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of antibodies to rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus and determination of its major structural proteins. | an elisa was developed for the determination of antibodies to rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv) in whole blood and blood serum of rabbits. naturally acquired antibodies were detected in 19.4% of blood samples collected from 1461 rabbits in 43 farms apparently free of the disease, 19.7% samples were doubtful and 60.9% of the rabbits were free of antibodies to rhdv. their presence has a considerable effect on the resistance of rabbits to infection with rhdv. antibodies were also found in ra ... | 1990 | 2161044 |
| new marine calicivirus serotype infective for swine. | a new serotype of calicivirus was isolated from california sea lions (zalophus californianus) with severe vesicular disease. neutralizing antibodies were found in 27 of 82 (32.9%) serum samples from california sea lions and in 15 of 146 (10.3%) serum samples from steller sea lions (eumetopias jubatus) tested. the seropositive animals were widely dispersed along the margins of the eastern pacific basin, from the bering sea to the santa barbara channel. seropositive samples were found from as earl ... | 1990 | 2167030 |
| six-year retrospective surveillance of gastroenteritis viruses identified at ten electron microscopy centers in the united states and canada. | to identify the prevalence, seasonality and demographic characteristics of patients with viral gastroenteritis, we reviewed 6 years of retrospective data on viral agents of gastroenteritis screened by electron microscopy at 10 centers in the united states and canada. from 52,691 individual electron microscopic observations, a virus was detected in 16% of specimens, and the yearly positive detection rate among centers ranged from 8 to 34%. rotavirus was the agent most commonly observed (26 to 83% ... | 1990 | 2172903 |
| electron and immunoelectron microscopy of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv). | rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv) had a calicivirus-like structure and a diameter of 31.5-33.0 nm. antigenic relationship between the investigated rhdv strain and the causal agent of rhd in china was demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy. | 1990 | 2198858 |
| transcription of feline calicivirus rna. | we report here the cloning and 3' sequence determination of feline calicivirus strain f9. subcloning the 3' terminus enabled the production of strand specific probes for rna synthesis. we extend the number of virus specific rnas detected intracellularly to 8, and show that numbers 1-5 are represented as negative strands which may serve as templates in the synthesis of these rnas. | 1990 | 2241572 |
| identification and characterization of the virus causing rabbit hemorrhagic disease. | liver tissue from animals that died of rabbit hemorrhagic disease (rhd) was used to identify the causative agent. after extraction of liver homogenates and sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, distinct bands were obtained. the respective gradient fractions reacted positively in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as well as in hemagglutination assays and were infective for rabbits. these fractions contained virions which had a diameter of 40 nm and resembled morphologically those of th ... | 1990 | 2352325 |
| biochemical characterization of porcine enteric calicivirus: analysis of structural and nonstructural viral proteins. | in this report, the molecular weight and antigenicity of the proteins of a porcine enteric calicivirus (pec) were characterized. the pec virions were purified from intestinal contents of infected pigs and from infected cell culture lysates. the average buoyant density of the purified virus was 1.37 gm/cm3 in cesium chloride. one major structural protein with a molecular weight of approximately 58 k was found in the gut and cell culture-passaged pec using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel ... | 1990 | 2369321 |
| temporal synthesis of proteins and rnas during human astrovirus infection of cultured cells. | astroviruses are nonenveloped particles with a distinctive star-shaped surface structure that have been detected by electron microscopy in stool samples from humans and animals with gastroenteritis. we examined the patterns of macromolecular synthesis in astrovirus-infected cells with a goal of establishing a molecular basis for taxonomic classification. trypsin is required for continuous replication of astrovirus in cultured cells; however, during a single cycle of infection, astrovirus antigen ... | 1991 | 1987373 |
| outbreak of human calicivirus gastroenteritis in a day-care center in sydney, australia. | between january and march 1988, an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred among children and staff at a day-care center in sydney, new south wales, australia. over an 11-week period, 53 persons had 101 episodes of gastroenteritis; some patients had 5 separate episodes. the principal etiologic agent in the outbreak, human calicivirus (hcv), was detected by electron microscopy in 32% of fecal specimens from children and staff members with symptoms but in only 8% of asymptomatic individuals (p less t ... | 1991 | 1645369 |
| electron microscopic reporting of gastrointestinal viruses in the united kingdom, 1985-1987. | we examined some epidemiological features of the viruses associated with gastrointestinal illness, using national data reported by electron microscopists in the united kingdom. during the 3 years analyzed (1985-1987), a total of 1,993 positive detections of astroviruses, caliciviruses, coronaviruses, and small round structured viruses (srsvs) were reported. in 1 year of this period, 8,210 rotaviruses were reported. more than 90% of the astroviruses and caliciviruses were detected in children und ... | 1991 | 1652619 |
| studies on the role of feline calicivirus in chronic stomatitis in cats. | two groups of cats were inoculated oro-nasally with one of two isolates of feline calicivirus (fcv) from clinical cases of chronic stomatitis. all cats developed signs typical of acute fcv infection; namely, ocular and nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, and marked oral ulceration. none of the cats shed virus beyond 28 days. seronegative control cats were then infected with a lower dose of one isolate, but again only acute signs were seen and no carriers produced. the original cats were then re-inf ... | 1991 | 1652861 |
| effect of primary-stage feline immunodeficiency virus infection on subsequent feline calicivirus vaccination and challenge in cats. | the effect of experimental primary-stage feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection on feline calicivirus (fcv) vaccination and challenge in cats was studied. clinical signs of acute fcv disease were more widespread in the cats which were infected with fiv than in those which were not. fiv infection also prolonged shedding of fcv, with more of the fiv-infected cats becoming chronic carriers. although vaccination induced protection against acute fcv disease, this was to a lesser degree in fiv- ... | 1991 | 1652980 |
| chronic oral infections of cats and their relationship to persistent oral carriage of feline calici-, immunodeficiency, or leukemia viruses. | two hundred and twenty-six cats from the veterinary medical teaching hospital (vmth), a cat shelter, and a purebred cattery were tested for chronic feline calicivirus (fcv), feline leukemia virus (felv) and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infections. chronic oral carriage of fcv was present in about one-fifth of the cats in each of the groups. fiv infection was not present in the purebred cattery, was moderately prevalent (8%) in the pet population of cats examined at the vmth for various co ... | 1991 | 1659031 |
| antibody response of captive cheetahs to modified-live feline virus vaccine. | the antibody response of cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) to modified live virus vaccine against feline panleukopenia (fplv), herpes (fhv) and calici (fcv) viruses was assessed by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). in the first year of study, 82 cheetahs were bled pre-vaccination. of these, antibody levels to fplv were found in 100% of the animals. only 54% were found to have antibodies to fhv and 99% had antibodies to fcv. one month after booster vaccination with the same vaccine ... | 1991 | 1661784 |
| identification of the viral haemorrhagic disease virus of rabbits as a calicivirus. | liver tissue from rabbits which had died of viral haemorrhagic disease (vhd) was used to identify the causative agent of the disease. after extraction of liver homogenates and density gradient ultracentrifugation, viral particles with buoyant densities between 1.32 to 1.38 g/ml and estimated sedimentation coefficients between 100 s and 175 s were obtained. the isolated virions were determined to have a diameter of 40 nm. the particles morphologically resembled those of the caliciviridae family, ... | 1991 | 1662097 |
| diagnosis of viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits and the european brown hare syndrome. | development of methods for the diagnosis of viral haemorrhagic disease and the european brown hare syndrome has proceeded at a steady pace over the last few years. the studies conducted by the authors demonstrate that, like vhdv, ebhsv is a calicivirus. the degree of correlation between the two viruses is a key question both for understanding their biology and interpreting the diagnostic results. a discussion of the similarities and differences between vhd and ebhs is followed by the presentatio ... | 1991 | 1662098 |
| epidemiology and current situation of viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits and the european brown hare syndrome in italy. | rabbit production is of considerable economic importance in italy. in the last thirty years, meat production has risen and the number of intensive husbandry establishments has grown. the major region of production (about 60%) lies in the northern part of the country. in addition, approximately one million live animals and more than 14,000 tons of meat are imported yearly. more than 150,000 hares are also imported for restocking and hunting purposes. during the second half of the 1980s a "new" di ... | 1991 | 1662099 |
| incidence, epizootiology and control of viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits and the european brown hare syndrome in germany. | viral haemorrhagic disease (vhd) among domestic and wild rabbits and european brown hares have been observed in most of the federal states of germany. acute outbreaks of viral haemorrhagic disease are most prevalent in small, fancy domestic rabbitries, with mortality varying between 5 and 90%, while mostly sporadic losses due to vhd are seen among wild rabbits. in hares, accumulated losses from the european brown hare syndrome (ebhs) can occasionally be observed in areas where fresh green feed, ... | 1991 | 1662100 |
| etiology of rabbit haemorrhagic disease spontaneously occurring in korea. | causative agent of rabbit haemorrhagic disease (rhd) was purified by cscl density gradient centrifugation from the liver homogenate of rabbits infected with rhd virus which originated from korea. the viral particles were 35-40 nm in diameter, and had hollow depressions on their surface. protein a-gold immunoelectron microscopy clearly showed that the convalescent antisera of diseased rabbits reacted specifically with the virus particles. sds-page and western blot analyses demonstrated that the s ... | 1991 | 1665631 |
| infection with small round structured viruses: england and wales 1981-1990. | infection with small round structured viruses (srsv) usually causes an acute, but short-lived, attack of gastroenteritis in which vomiting is a prominent feature. most documented outbreaks have occurred in institutional and catering establishments and infected food handlers are often implicated. reports of srsv infection have risen substantially during the last decade partly due to an increase in the number of laboratories able to examine samples for this organism. ascertainment is likely to rem ... | 1991 | 1669758 |
| what did our patients eat? | 1991 | 1669789 | |
| gastroenteritis associated with shellfish. | 1991 | 1669888 | |
| neutralizing epitopes of feline calicivirus. | a new collection of eighteen neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (n-moabs), raised against feline calicivirus (fcv), was used to analyze neutralizing epitopes of the f4 strain of fcv, the prototype strain of fcv in japan. by cross-neutralization tests with the 20 fcv strains including japanese. american, swiss, and new zealand isolates, the 18 n-moabs were categorized into six groups. one n-moab (1 d 7) neutralized all the strains tested: eight n-moabs neutralized only fcv-f 4; while the others n ... | 1991 | 1708228 |
| adaptation of the viral haemorrhagic disease virus of rabbits to the djrk cell strain. | liver emulsion of rabbits which had died of viral haemorrhagic disease (vhd) was inoculated onto djrk cell culture. after two passages, specific cytopathic effect was observed. immunofluorescence was found in the nucleus at the early stage of infection and later also in the cytoplasm. the virus propagated in cell culture at the fifth, tenth and sixteenth passages was found to cause typical vhd. electron microscopy showed that there were numerous virions in the infected cells. the cultured virus, ... | 1991 | 1760581 |
| viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits in mexico: epidemiology and viral characterization. | a fatal disease of rabbits was first reported in the people's republic of china in 1984. since 1986, the disease has been reported in most countries of europe and in the republic of korea. in 1989 a similar disease, presumably linked to the importation of rabbit meat from the people's republic of china, spread rapidly through ten states in mexico; it was eradicated during the same year by "stamping-out" measures. in mexico, as was the case in other outbreaks, morbidity and mortality reached 80-9 ... | 1991 | 1760584 |
| rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus--molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of a calicivirus genome. | the rna genome of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv) was molecularly cloned. the 5' terminal sequence of the genomic rna was determined after pcr amplification of a g-tailed first strand cdna template. the cloned cdna allowed determination of the first complete caliciviral sequence encompassing 7437 nucleotides without poly(a) tail. the rhdv genome contains one long open reading frame of 2344 codons which in the 5' region encodes the nonstructural proteins. sequence comparison studies revea ... | 1991 | 1840711 |
| isolation of feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus from domestic cats 1980 to 1989. | isolation rates of feline herpesvirus (fhv) and feline calicivirus (fcv) from oropharyngeal swabs, taken from 6866 cats in 1980 to 1989 were studied retrospectively. fcv was isolated from 1364 (19.9 per cent) and fhv from 285 (4.2 per cent). the ratio of fcv:fhv isolations varied from 1.3:1 to 15:1 in individual years with an overall ratio of 4.8:1. isolation of both viruses was fairly uniform for each year and there was no breed or sex disposition to either virus. of 872 cats shedding fcv and 2 ... | 1991 | 1850183 |
| rabbit haemorrhagic disease: an investigation of some properties of the virus and evaluation of an inactivated vaccine. | an inactivated vaccine against rabbit haemorrhagic disease (rhd), developed and tested in our laboratory, is produced commercially by bioveta, ivanovice, czechoslovakia. rabbits developed full protection against infection 3 weeks after the administration of a single dose. antibodies were detectable from day 5 after vaccination. naturally acquired antibodies were demonstrated in some rabbits kept on commercial farms. the virus survived at least 225 days in an organ suspension kept at 4 degrees c, ... | 1991 | 1850893 |
| genomic and subgenomic rnas of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus are both protein-linked and packaged into particles. | the major subgenomic rna of the calicivirus rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus which codes for the viral capsid protein has been cloned as cdna. the nucleotide sequence of this mrna was shown to be identical to the 3' terminal region of the genomic rna. the 5' end of the mrna corresponds to position 5296 of the genomic sequence; except for two differences the first 16 nucleotides of genomic and subgenomic rnas are identical. after isolation from liver tissue viral genomic and subgenomic rnas were ... | 1991 | 1887589 |
| hepatitis e virus (hev): molecular cloning and sequencing of the full-length viral genome. | we have recently described the cloning of a portion of the hepatitis e virus (hev) and confirmed its etiologic association with enterically transmitted (waterborne, epidemic) non-a, non-b hepatitis. the virus consists of a single-stranded, positive-sense rna genome of approximately 7.5 kb, with a polyadenylated 3' end. we now report on the cloning and nucleotide sequencing of an overlapping, contiguous set of cdna clones representing the entire genome of the hev burma strain [hev(b)]. the larges ... | 1991 | 1926770 |
| serial propagation of porcine enteric calicivirus in a continuous cell line. effect of medium supplementation with intestinal contents or enzymes. | a porcine enteric calicivirus (pec) was adapted to serial propagation in a continuous porcine kidney cell line (llc-pk) by inclusion of an intestinal contents preparation (icp), derived from uninfected gnotobiotic pigs, in the maintenance medium. infected cells were detected by immunofluorescent staining of cell monolayers. attempts to propagate pec in the presence of various intestinal enzymes of porcine origin, bacterial protease, bovine icp, avian icp or without medium supplementation were un ... | 1991 | 1929875 |
| haemorrhagic disease of lagomorphs: evidence for a calicivirus. | studies on the aetiological agents of rabbit haemorrhagic disease (rhd) and european brown hare syndrome show that the viruses responsible for these infections can be placed in the family caliciviridae. established members of this group are vesicular exanthema virus (prototype), san miguel sea lion virus and feline calcivirus. the human hepatitis e virus and the norwalk agent may soon be included. the rhd virus genome consists of a positive stranded rna molecule composed of 7437 nucleotides. a m ... | 1992 | 1282757 |
| decline in maternal immunity and antibody response to vaccine in captive cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) cubs. | blood was collected from captive cheetah cubs (acinonyx jubatus) from the ages of 4 to 12 wk and monitored for the decline in maternally derived antibodies to feline panleukopenia, herpes and calici viruses. a steady decrease was seen in most of the cubs. antibody responses to inactivated and/or modified live virus (mlv) vaccine also were measured. the strongest responses were seen post vaccination with mlv vaccine only. | 1992 | 1312644 |
| outbreaks of human enteric adenovirus types 40 and 41 in houston day care centers. | human enteric adenovirus (ead) types 40 and 41 cause diarrhea in young children, but little is known about their association with outbreaks of diarrhea in the child care setting. this study evaluated ead as a cause of outbreaks of diarrhea among infants and toddlers in day care centers. | 1992 | 1313095 |
| [viral diarrheas]. | it is now well known that several viruses are responsible for acute diarrhoea or gastroenteritis in both children and adults. these viruses are difficult to identify since most of them cannot be isolated by stool cultures on cells. the reality of proven reinfection by some of these organisms is not always clearly understood, even though the existence of several serotypes in the same group (notably rotavirus) can be blamed, and this explains why vaccines are difficult to develop. | 1992 | 1313558 |
| [rabbit hemorrhagic disease (rhd)--comparative diagnostic studies using the hemagglutination test and electron microscopy]. | a total of 56 liver specimens from rabbits with symptoms of rabbit haemorrhagic disease were tested for virus by electron microscopy (em) and haemagglutination (ha). both methods simultaneously gave positive or negative results in 28 or 22 cases, respectively. divergent results were obtained in only 6 samples. five of them were positive by em but negative by ha and in one specimen with a ha-titer of 1:32 virus could not be detected. | 1992 | 1315512 |
| european brown hare syndrome in the u.k.; a calicivirus related to but distinct from that of viral haemorrhagic disease in rabbits. | the virus recovered from cases of european brown hare syndrome in the u.k. contains one major capsid protein of approximately 60 k molecular weight and morphologically resembles known caliciviruses. it has been compared with a european isolate of rabbit haemorrhagic disease calicivirus and, although it shows some antigenic similarity, it is not identical. in transmission and protection studies the virus from u.k. hares failed to produce disease in rabbits and did not effectively protect against ... | 1992 | 1318711 |
| detection of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus antigen in tissues by immunohistochemistry. | formalin fixed liver, spleen, kidney, heart, lung, duodenum and appendix tissues from nine rabbits, experimentally infected with rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv), were investigated for evidence of rhdv antigen by the direct avidin-biotin peroxidase complex immunohistochemical method. in all the rabbits examined, rhdv antigen was detected in degenerative and necrotic hepatocytes of the liver tissues. the area involved coincided with histopathological lesions on serial liver sections. the ... | 1992 | 1320285 |
| evaluation of the immunogenicity of attenuated feline calicivirus vaccines by elisa. | an elisa test was developed to measure the levels of igg antibody in specific-pathogen-free (spf) cats immunised with two doses of an attenuated feline calicivirus (fcv) vaccine. all eight vaccinates were protected from virus challenge, but four out of five non-vaccinates were not. there was a significant difference in respect of protection from virus challenge between spf cats with and without three-fold or greater increase in antibody units (p = 0.01). each serum absorbance was standardised ag ... | 1992 | 1320788 |
| immunohistological diagnosis of rabbit haemorrhagic disease (rhd). | in the present study the diagnostic use of a biotinylated serum from an immune rabbit was investigated by means of an avidin-biotin-complex (abc)-peroxidase method on paraffin sections. 15 cases of rhd which had been verified histologically and/or by haemagglutination test (ha), 4 suspected cases and 3 cases without history of rhd were included (cases 1 to 22). from 5 prospective cases a wider tissue range was examined (cases 23 to 25 and 29 to 30). furthermore lungs, liver and placenta of 3 fet ... | 1992 | 1325718 |
| some physicochemical properties of the virus of rabbit haemorrhagic disease. | purified and concentrated preparations of virus from liver extracts of infected rabbits contain virus specific components with sedimentation coefficients of about 175, 110 and sometimes 133s and more slow units. full and empty virus particles with a diameter of about 34 nm were shown electron microscopically in the corresponding 175 and 110s fractions of the sucrose density gradient. the average of buoyant density of the 175, 133, 110s and more slow units are 1.36, 1.32 and 1.31 g/ml respectivel ... | 1992 | 1325722 |
| isolation of calicivirus from the joint of a kitten with arthritis. | calicivirus was isolated from the joint of a kitten that had pyrexia, upper respiratory tract disease, and severe shifting-limb lameness. marked mononuclear inflammation was found in the synovial fluid. calicivirus infection or live-virus vaccination previously had been associated with arthropathy, but virus had not been recovered from affected joints. calicivirus infection should be considered as a diagnosis in kittens with fever and arthralgia, especially if there is a history of recent vaccin ... | 1992 | 1328120 |
| hematological parameters and visceral lesions relationships in rabbit viral hemorrhagic disease. | twenty rabbits were inoculated with a suspension of viral hemorrhagic disease virus. hemostatic functions were assessed every sixth hour from 6 to 60 hours post-inoculation. tissue samples obtained at the same intervals allowed the study of the development of lesions throughout the experiment. biological signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation (dic) were detected on and after 30 h post-inoculation and consisted of prolonged one stage prothrombin time and activated partial thrombin time, ... | 1992 | 1329405 |
| detection of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus particles in the rabbit liver tissues. | liver tissues from rabbits experimentally infected with rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv) were studied electron microscopically. the earliest change in hepatocytes of the rabbits infected with rhdv was hydropic degeneration. rough endoplasmic reticulum was dilated with a mild increase in polysomes and cytoplasmic cisternae in degenerated hepatocytes. characteristic cytopathological changes of necrotic hepatocytes included shrinkage of the cell body, formation of cytoplasmic vesicles, vacu ... | 1992 | 1334982 |
| viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbit: purification and characterization of a strain isolated in france. | the causative agent of rabbit viral haemorrhagic disease (vhd) was purified by cscl density gradient centrifugation from liver homogenates of rabbits infected with a strain of vhd virus isolated in france. electron microscopy observations revealed that the virions were icosahedral with a diameter of 33-35 nm, and with an average buoyant density of 1.33. structural proteins were investigated by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting. the results indicated the presence of a ma ... | 1992 | 1335715 |
| disseminated intravascular coagulation (dic) in rabbit haemorrhagic disease. | seven rabbits experimentally infected with rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus were examined haematologically and histologically. haematologically, activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time were markedly prolonged in the terminal phase of the disease, just prior to death (all the animals died between 27 and 40 hr after inoculation with rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus). there was an increase in the titre of fibrin degradation products and a decrease in antithrombin iii activity d ... | 1992 | 1338394 |
| immunoelectron microscopy of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus using monoclonal antibodies. | five monoclonal antibodies (moabs) to rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (rhdv), prepared and tested in elisa, immunoperoxidase (ip) and immunofluorescence (if) test previously, reacted specifically in immunoelectron microscopy (iem), too. no differences in binding of individual moabs with full or empty rhdv particles were found by iem. | 1992 | 1363994 |
| astroviruses and caliciviruses: emerging enteric pathogens. | acute, infectious gastroenteritis is an extremely common disease that contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality worldwide. in the united states, it is the second most frequent illness encountered in families. while this illness generally runs a self-limited course, it may be temporarily incapacitating and impact substantially on numbers of days lost from work or school. at present, 30-40% of infectious gastroenteritis cases in the united states are attributable to viral agents, while ... | 1992 | 1365533 |
| immunologic responses in healthy random-source cats fed n,n-dimethylglycine-supplemented diets. | the immunomodulatory capacities of n,n-dimethylglycine (dmg) were examined in random-source cats. blood mononuclear leukocytes of healthy adult cats that had negative results to tests for felv and feline immunodeficiency virus were exposed in vitro to various concentrations of dmg (10 to 1,000 micrograms/ml) and were evaluated for proliferative responses to t- or b-cell phytomitogens. although increased, mean lymphocyte blastogenic responses to phytolectins in dmg-treated cultures did not differ ... | 1992 | 1381880 |
| hepatitis e: review. | hepatitis e is endemic, often provoking epidemics in many developing countries. it resembles hepatitis a clinically and epidemiologically but show a higher mortality rate and less infectiousness. several lines of evidence strongly support the assumption that humans become immunized once they contract hepatitis e. because of the low infectiousness, most of the adult population of endemic areas are susceptible to hepatitis e until an epidemic occurs, although they are almost always infected with h ... | 1992 | 1426862 |