Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| identification of a protein encoded by the vpu gene of hiv-1. | human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1) is the aetiological agent of aids. the virus establishes lytic, latent and non-cytopathic productive infection in cells in culture. the complexity of virus-host cell interaction is reflected in the complex organization of the viral genome. in addition to the genes that encode the virion capsid and envelope proteins and the enzymes required for proviral synthesis and integration common to all retroviruses, hiv-1 is known to encode at least four additional pr ... | 1988 | 3043230 |
| [human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). 2: hiv infections caused by accidental exposure in medical personnel]. | 1988 | 3051710 | |
| epidemiological and sociological aspects of hiv-infection in developing countries. | the epidemiologic and social aspects of aids are different in developed and developing countries. in africa, where there are several tens of thousands of cases, the ratio of female to male cases is 1:1. the highest incidence in men is at age 37.4 and in women 30 years. in haiti the female to male ratio is 1:1.8. in rwanda and zambia the incidence is higher among educated people. in most of africa aids is predominantly urban. also, in africa the time between diagnosis and death is shorter. ... | 1988 | 3058251 |
| mixed human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in an individual: demonstration of both hiv type 1 and type 2 proviral sequences by using polymerase chain reaction. | sera from persons seroreactive to both human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2), by whole-virus (veia) enzyme immunoassays (eias) for each virus, were selected from a seroprevalence study of 944 persons in abidjan, cote d'ivoire, west africa, in 1987. these sera were subsequently tested for hiv-1 and hiv-2 antibody specificity by type-specific peptide eias (peia) and western blot (wb) analysis for both viruses. peripheral blood monocytes (pbmcs) from representative individu ... | 1988 | 3058815 |
| [etiology--characteristics of hiv infection]. | in this study the structures of the aids-virus are presented, furthermore the cross-reactivity of hiv-1 and hiv-2 is described as well as the known genes of both viruses. the mechanism of cell infection, its kinetics and the special role of activated t-cells and macrophages in this process are outlined. this interrelation characterized phenomenologically based on the neopterin data available is now supported by experiments at a molecular level. this should lead to therapeutical and diagnostical ... | 1988 | 3059685 |
| [aids diagnosis: virus detection, antibody detection, diagnostic and prognostic significance of the findings]. | aids serology is of worldwide importance for the diagnosis of hiv-infection and aids, for conducting epidemiological studies, for the control of blood donations and blood products and for the determination of infectivity and prognosis in aids patients. in future serological methods may be of importance for the management of anti-hiv-therapy. screening methods, such as elisa and hemagglutination assays and confirmatory tests (western blot and immunofluorescence) nowadays offer clear cut and relia ... | 1988 | 3059686 |
| the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) contains a novel gene encoding a 16 kd protein associated with mature virions. | the hiv-2 genome contains an open reading frame (designated x-orf) that does not have a counterpart in hiv-1. to establish whether x-orf is a gene, we studied its expression in hiv-2-infected individuals and in infected cells in vitro. an hiv-2 proviral dna fragment containing the x-orf was expressed in e. coli, and the recombinant protein was used in an immunoblot assay. the x-orf protein was recognized specifically by the sera of hiv-2-infected people but not by the sera of siv-infected monkey ... | 1988 | 3061415 |
| genetic locus, primary structure, and chemical synthesis of human immunodeficiency virus protease. | the genetic locus and primary structure of the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) protease was determined by comparing the data of protein analyses with the published data of the gene analysis. the complete sequence of hiv-1 and hiv-2 protease was synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis. the synthetic protease was capable of accurately cleaving synthetic peptide substrates corresponding to known cleavage sites in gag polyproteins of hiv-1, hiv-2, and murine leukemia virus. the chemical synt ... | 1988 | 3063643 |
| transfusion transmitted human t-lymphotropic virus infections. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 1 has emerged during the 1980s as an important transfusion transmitted agent. the impact of hiv depends on the epidemiology and characteristics of the virus, serological response to infection and efficacy of serological tests to identify infected blood units. these factors will be described in the present article. the risk to acquire hiv today, by transfusion of anti-hiv screened blood, is extremely small in scandinavia and the western world. the risk can ... | 1988 | 3067484 |
| molecular genetics and structure of the human immunodeficiency virus. | a novel human lymphotropic virus capable of crippling the immune system by infecting and destroying t4 antigen-positive cells is now known to be the etiologic agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). the aids or human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) belongs to a family of rna viruses called retroviruses. several strains of hiv have been molecularly cloned, and dna sequence comparisons have established that the proviral dna genome is 9.7 kilobase pairs. the genome possesses character ... | 1988 | 3073195 |
| inhibition of hiv and virus replication by polysulphated polyxylan: hoe/bay 946, a new antiviral compound. | xylanpoly-(hydrogen sulphate) disodium salt with a molecular weight of about 6000 daltons (hoe/bay 946) completely inhibited syncytium formation induced by the infection of t lymphocytes with hiv as well as viral replication at concentrations above 25 micrograms/ml. this dose was found to be inhibitory for several strains of hiv-1 and hiv-2. low molecular weight fractions of the compound were less active against hiv, and high molecular derivatives were as active as hoe/bay 946. a direct influenc ... | 1988 | 2468349 |
| further studies of hiv morphology by negative staining. | thin-section studies of hiv-1- and hiv-2-infected cells were used to establish peak virus productivity and distribution of virus on and around infected cells. maximum virus yields occurred 7 days after passage; cells at that stage were used as a source of virus for negative staining. various methods of separating virus and cells were assessed: results showed that gentle homogenization in a tenbroek-type homogenizer yielded considerably more virus than other techniques. virus obtained in this way ... | 1988 | 2468350 |
| [human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infection discovered by dementia in a french heterosexual male]. | 1988 | 2974962 | |
| epidemiology of aids in africa--part 2. | a recently completed study involving over 10,000 people from 6 central african countries found seroprevalence rates generally under 1% for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids); however, rates were significantly higher for urban residents, prostitutes and their sexual contacts, and patients attending sexually transmitted disease clinics. the 4 major modes of transmission of aids in africa are sexual contact, perinatal transmission, transfusion of infected blood or blood products, and th ... | 1988 | 12179872 |
| epidemiological and preventive aspects of hiv infection. | the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), has been identified by 2 types: hiv 1 and hiv 2. detection is done through blood testing and is difficult to diagnosis by symptoms because the disease has a latency period. 28 countries in europe and the surrounding mediterranean area reported a total of 10,181 cases of aids by december 31, 1987. the largest percentage of cases are in the sexually active category, and the number of cases among het ... | 1988 | 12222207 |
| hiv-2:the implications. | in 1983, the aetiological agent of aids was discovered by french scientists and was termed the 'lym- phadenopathy-associated virus' (lav) [ 1 ]. a year later, american researchers also described this retrovirus and termed it the 'human t-cell leukemia virus, type iii' (htlv-iii) [ 2 ], both lav and htlv-iii were the same retrovirus and in 1986, it was agreed that the viruses which can cause aids be termed the 'human immunodeficiency viruses' (hiv). | 1988 | 27223918 |
| nationwide community-based serological survey of hiv-1 and other human retrovirus infections in a central african country. | in december, 1986, a nationwide serological survey was done in rwanda, central africa. the sampling method was a modification of the cluster sampling technique developed for assessing immunization coverage. 60 clusters ("cells" of 50-150 households) were randomly selected. only 1 person per household was chosen for inclusion in the study. serum was collected and tested for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1, hiv-2, and htlv-1 for 1870 urban and 742 rural residents. elisa and ... | 1989 | 12282458 |
| prevalence of and mortality from human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in bissau, west africa. | this is a critique of the first community-based prevalence study on hiv-2 infection in africa (kvinesdal, aabyin lancet, 1989). it took place in bissau, west africa, in 1987, where the population in 100 randomly-selected houses were asked to participate. 1329 (89%) of 1499 men, women and children were examined and had a blood sample drawn. all clinical and scientific precautions were taken during sampling and analysis to assure accurate results. the study demonstrated that sexual contact and ... | 1989 | 12282585 |
| the global epidemiology and projected short-term demographic impact of aids. | this paper summarizes the natural history, surveillance, and global patterns of infections with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), the etiologic agent of aids the focus is primarily on hiv-1 because surveillance of hiv-2, which has recently been recognized as a separate type of the virus, is only just beginning. the natural progress of the disease is described, from acute infection through asymptomatic phase to the clinical illness phase. available evidence on the speed of progression fr ... | 1989 | 12282636 |
| site-directed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a synthetic simian immunodeficiency virus sivmac peptide identifying antibodies against the hiv-2 transmembrane glycoprotein. | a 23-amino-acid-long peptide (aiekyledqaqlnawgcafrqvc) representing the transmembranous protein gp32 in sivmac was used in site-directed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detection of hiv-2-specific antibodies in 567 sera from bissau, guinea bissau. ninety out of the 567 sera were identified to contain hiv-2 antibodies by whole antigen elisa and western blot assays. the peptide elisa correctly identified 89 out of these 90 seropositives (sensitivity 98.9%). three sera falsely interpr ... | 1989 | 2469436 |
| purification and partial characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 reverse transcriptase. | we have raised a rabbit monospecific antibody against a synthetic peptide derived from a sequence within the cooh-terminal portion of the reverse transcriptase (rt) of hiv-1. this sequence was also found to be conserved in the predicted amino acid sequence of hiv-2. the antibody, designated c2003, cross-reacted with hiv-2 rt on immunoblots of hiv-2 virus extract and directly inhibited hiv-2 rt activity. fractionation of hiv-2 rt by immunoaffinity chromatography with c2003 antibody yielded a pair ... | 1989 | 2470399 |
| structure, sequence, and position of the stem-loop in tar determine transcriptional elongation by tat through the hiv-1 long terminal repeat. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1)-encoded trans-activator (tat) increases hiv gene expression and replication. previously, we demonstrated that tat facilitates elongation of transcription through the hiv-1 long terminal repeat (ltr) and that short transcripts corresponding to prematurely terminated rna are released and accumulate in the absence of tat. here, using a transient expression assay, we tested clustered and compensatory mutations, as well as 3' deletions, in the trans-acting res ... | 1989 | 2470647 |
| recovery of antigenically reactive hiv-2 cores. | negative staining studies of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) have been hampered by the fragile nature of the particles. although detergent treatment is capable of releasing cores from hiv-2 particles, these are unstable and do not retain morphological integrity. addition of glutaraldehyde will stabilise these structures but, if used at too high a concentration, will destroy their antigenicity. this study shows that if both detergent and glutaraldehyde are used in correct proportions, antigeni ... | 1989 | 2470852 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 2. | 1989 | 2910395 | |
| characterization of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 envelope glycoproteins: dimerization of the glycoprotein precursor during processing. | four glycoproteins with apparent molecular weights of 300,000, 140,000, 125,000, and 36,000 (gp300, gp140, gp125, and gp36) were detectable in human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2)-infected cells. gp125 and gp36 are the external and transmembrane components, respectively, of the envelope glycoproteins of hiv-2 mature virions. gp300 and gp140 are only detectable in virus-infected cells. they have identical isoelectric points, suggesting that gp300 might be a dimeric form of the immature pre ... | 1989 | 2911118 |
| hiv-2-associated aids and hiv-2 seroprevalence in bissau, guinea-bissau. | during a 6-month period in 1987, we examined patients clinically suspected of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) at the national hospital in bissau, the capital of guinea-bissau, and found 20 cases that fulfilled the criteria for aids. the two most prevalent major symptoms were weight loss and diarrhea, and the most common minor symptoms generalized lymphadenopathy and generalized dermatitis. six of 20 patients died within a couple of months. nineteen of 20 patients were tested for h ... | 1989 | 2918464 |
| epidemiology of hiv and hepatitis b virus (hbv) in selected african and asian populations. | 401 sera from patients of a rural hospital in zimbabwe (1987), 211 south african sera (1982/83), as well as 460 sera from four katmandu hospitals (1985) were tested for hiv-1 antibodies. the sera from zimbabwe and nepal were additionally tested for anti-hiv-2 using a panel of different tests, for hepatitis b markers, and partially for antibodies against other viral, bacterial, and protozoal antigens. detailed clinical and sociodemographic data were taken from the zimbabwe and katmandu patients. ... | 1989 | 2921088 |
| hiv-1, hiv-2, and htlv-i infection in high-risk groups in brazil. | we conducted a serologic survey for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2) and human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) in 704 brazilians with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) or at risk for it. the study population included 70 homosexual men (11 of whom were prostitutes), 58 bisexual men (19 of whom were prostitutes), 101 female prostitutes from three socioeconomic groups, 13 wives of men with hemophilia who were seropositive for hiv-1 ant ... | 1989 | 2927478 |
| epitope mapping of monoclonal antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 structural proteins by using peptides. | murine monoclonal antibodies directed against the structural proteins p17 and p24 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 were investigated in an epitope mapping system. overlapping peptides consisting of 15 amino acids of the p17 and p24 protein, respectively, were used as competitors in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. three different immunogenic regions (a, b, and c) could be defined, one on p17 and two on p24. twenty monoclonal antibodies reacted with the human immunodeficiency virus typ ... | 1989 | 2473220 |
| inactivation of the human immunodeficiency viruses (hiv-1 and hiv-2) during the manufacturing of placental albumin and gammaglobulins. | a laboratory study was undertaken to verify the elimination and/or inactivation of the human immunodeficiency viruses hiv-1 and hiv-2 during the manufacture of placental albumin and the gammaglobulins gamma 16 and veinoglobuline. nine steps of the process were selected for study. samples of current production batches were taken at these different stages and a known quantity of virus was added. each sample was then processed according to the production schedule for the corresponding step, and the ... | 1989 | 2475929 |
| antiviral agents with activity against human retroviruses. | the ability of various known anti-hiv antivirals to inhibit four different strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), a strain of type 2 (hiv-2), and a human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) was tested. the tested substances included two sulfated polysaccharides (lentinan sulfate and dextran sulfate) and a nonsulfated polysaccharide psk, e-p-lem, glycyrrhizin sulfate, and nucleoside analogues (azt and dht). the effects of the substances were measured quantitatively with two ... | 1989 | 2477523 |
| trans activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is sequence specific for both the single-stranded bulge and loop of the trans-acting-responsive hairpin: a quantitative analysis. | we have used site-directed mutagenesis to delineate sequence specific domains within the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) trans-acting-responsive (tar) rna element that are required for trans activation by the viral tat protein. our data in part corroborate a recent report [s. feng and e. c. holland, nature (london) 334:165-167, 1988] that five nucleotides within the loop (+29 to +33) of the tar hairpin are important for trans activation. we, however, found no absolute requirement for ... | 1989 | 2479775 |
| the chemistry of site-directed serology for hiv infections. | the advent of site-directed serology has provided a specific and simplified means of distinguishing antibody responses to the two types of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in an outbred population. remarkably, human sera containing hiv antibodies and simian sera containing simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) antibodies had a very narrow amino acid dependence in the 23 residue long peptide, 582ala-604cys, used as antigen. a single dominating antigenic site was demonstrated in the c-terminal par ... | 1989 | 2480152 |
| cd4-pseudomonas exotoxin hybrid protein blocks the spread of human immunodeficiency virus infection in vitro and is active against cells expressing the envelope glycoproteins from diverse primate immunodeficiency retroviruses. | we previously described an unusual recombinant protein, designated cd4(178)-pe40, containing the gp120 binding region of human cd4 linked to active regions of pseudomonas exotoxin a. the ability of this molecule to selectively inhibit protein synthesis in cells expressing the surface envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) suggested this molecule may be useful in treating infected individuals. to further evaluate its therapeutic potential, several in vitro properties of this ... | 1989 | 2480605 |
| [the significance of htlv-1 and hiv-2 for transfusion medicine in europe]. | both viruses, htlv-1 and hiv-2, are retroviruses and thus remain lifelong in the infected organism. htlv-1 (human t lymphotropic virus type 1) has spread worldwide, but japan, central africa, caribic, the northern part of south america and some regions in the united states show the highest prevalence. the screening of blood products for htlv-1 is of minor importance. hiv-2 is found in west africa, brasil and europe. the total number of infected people known in europe is 219. hiv-2 will spread fu ... | 1989 | 2481545 |
| leptomeningeal cell line from multiple sclerosis with reverse transcriptase activity and viral particles. | a leptomeningeal cell line (clonal but not immortal) was isolated from lumbar-punctured cerebrospinal fluid in a patient with definite multiple sclerosis (ms). this cell line, named lm7, was characterized by immunocytochemical and ultrastructural analyses and was found to produce specific viral reverse transcriptase activity, whereas electron microscopy revealed the presence of viral particles. this patient had no antibodies against human t-leukaemia virus type 1 (htlv-i) or human immunodeficien ... | 1989 | 2482522 |
| tetrazolium-based plaque assay for hiv-1 and hiv-2, and its use in the evaluation of antiviral compounds. | a modification of the mt-4 cell plaque assay for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is described, which gave reproducible results with all 4 hiv-1 strains and the two hiv-2 strains that were used. the main feature of this new method is the use of a tetrazolium (mtt) staining procedure. the number of plaques read after 4-6 days was essentially the same as the number of infectious units derived from the 50% cell culture infective dose (ccid50) in mt-4 suspension cultures. for a selected group of a ... | 1989 | 2482843 |
| [aids in africa]. | while aids (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) certainly represents a worldwide health problem, the attention of many researchers and epidemiologists, besides the who itself, has recently focused on africa for the following reasons: 1) the etiologic agent of aids, the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) (previously named htlv-iii or lav) is likely to have originated in africa. solid evidence has been accumulated that antibodies against hiv were present in african sera collected in the early 1960 ... | 1989 | 2483891 |
| interpretation of antibodies reacting solely with human retroviral core proteins in western equatorial africa. | out of 4176 sera from asymptomatic adults originating from chad, equatorial guinea and gabon tested for hiv-1 antibodies, 146 (3.5%) were positive by an enzyme immunoassay (eia). by western blot (wb), 20 (0.5%) were positive, i.e. with antibodies to the core and the envelope proteins, 96 (2.3%) were indeterminate, i.e. with antibodies to the viral core proteins only and 30 (0.7%) were negative. on testing for hiv-2 by wb, two of the 96 indeterminate sera had antibodies to the hiv-2 envelope glyc ... | 1989 | 2496735 |
| inoculation of new world primates with the human immunodeficiency virus. | the susceptibility of common marmosets and cotton-top tamarins to infection by hiv-2 in vivo was tested. one year and 19 months, respectively, post-inoculation, sera taken from three of four animals from each species are reactive for hiv-2 antibodies and hiv-specific nucleotide sequences were demonstrated in short-term cultures of pbl from two cotton-top tamarins. the animals remain in good health. | 1989 | 2503618 |
| adult and paediatric aids patients lacking hiv antibodies detected by enzyme immunoassay in central africa: further serological studies. | we describe hiv antigen and hiv-1, hiv-2 and human t-cell leukaemia virus type i (htlv-i) western blot (wb) results in 20 adults and 12 children with aids who were shown to be hiv-1 seronegative by two commercial enzyme immunoassays (eia), in kigali, rwanda, central africa. these patients represented 3% of adults and 7.4% of children with aids observed in kigali during the study period. thirteen of the adults and five of the children were hiv-1 wb positive. all patients were htlv-i wb negative. ... | 1989 | 2504245 |
| absence of anti-human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 seroconversion after the treatment of hemophilia a or von willebrand's disease with pasteurized factor viii concentrate. | patients with hemophilia a or von willebrand's disease who are treated with concentrated preparations of human factor viii made from unscreened pooled plasma are at substantial risk of contracting human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. the purpose of this study was to investigate whether by treating such patients with a pasteurized factor viii concentrate that had been heated in aqueous solution at 60 degrees c for 10 hours, hiv infection could be avoided. eleven hemophilia centers in the ... | 1989 | 2507917 |
| first documented case of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infection in an asymptomatic swiss subject. | few cases of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) infection have been reported in individuals other than of west african origin. the first well documented case of hiv-2 infection observed in a swiss subject is presented here. the 50-year-old woman had a sexual relationship with a senegalese man, who was later shown to be hiv seropositive. initially, the subject's serum was tested using a routine screening assay for the detection of hiv-1 antibodies. this assay elicited a borderline positi ... | 1989 | 2512134 |
| isolation and partial characterization of an hiv-related virus occurring naturally in chimpanzees in gabon. | two cases of wild-born chimpanzees which were positive for hiv-1 antibodies were observed in gabon. these animals were never experimentally exposed to hiv-1 and had no history of inoculation with human blood products. a retrovirus was isolated from one of these chimpanzees. several of the viral proteins from this virus, designated sivcpz-gab-1 (simian immunodeficiency virus from chimpanzee), differed in molecular weight from the known corresponding hiv/siv proteins. the major gag protein of sivc ... | 1989 | 2512955 |
| human retroviruses: a common virology. | there are five known human retroviruses: human t-lymphotropic virus-i (htlv-i), htlv-ii, htlv-v, human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1), and hiv-2. these are related to animal lentiviruses. the simian retroviruses, simian t-lymphotropic virus-i (stlv-i) and stlv-iii are related closely to htlv-i and hiv-2 respectively. htlv-i and htlv-ii and, possibly, htlv-v are transforming agents that immortalize the cd4 cell. in contrast, hiv-1 and hiv-2 cause this cell to lyse, resulting in immunodeficiency ... | 1989 | 2520546 |
| viral protein r of human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 is dispensable for replication and cytopathogenicity in lymphoid cells. | viral protein r (vpr) is conserved in human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2). to assess its function, we have constructed mutations within the vpr coding regions of hiv-1 and hiv-2 predicted to express truncated vpr products. infectious virus was produced by each proviral clone and showed similar replication kinetics and cytopathogenicity when compared with the corresponding parental proviral clone. | 1989 | 2524599 |
| experimental infection of cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) with hiv-2. | ten healthy adult cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) were inoculated with two different isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2), sbl-6669 and sbl-k135, to establish an animal model for hiv infection. hiv-2sbl-6669 had been propagated for a long time in continuous human cell lines whereas hiv-2sbl-k135 had been grown only in fresh human and monkey lymphocyte cultures or previously for a short time in a continuous cell line. virus was isolated from three or four animals inocu ... | 1989 | 2526870 |
| photodynamic inactivation of simian immunodeficiency virus. | a photodynamic flow system employing a dihematoporphyrin ether (dhe) was tested for its ability to inactivate the in vitro infectivity of simian immunodeficiency virus (sicmac) at 630 +/- 5 nm with a light fluence of 5 j/cm2. cell-free sivmac was inactivated by photoactivated hematoporphyrin derivative in a dose-dependent fashion. since sivmac is closely related to human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) and we have previously reported the successful photodynamic inactivation of hiv-1 in cel ... | 1989 | 2531753 |
| differential effects of nef on hiv replication: implications for viral pathogenesis in the host. | stable lymphoid cell lines expressing the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) nef gene product, p27, were established. the presence of p27 in the lymphoid cells suppressed replication of some strains of both hiv-1 and hiv-2. this observation indicates that nef could be important in the establishment of hiv latency. in contrast, fast replicating and highly cytopathic hiv-1 isolates recovered from patients with advanced disease states were not affected by the negative effect of nef present ... | 1989 | 2531920 |
| cellular localization of simian immunodeficiency virus in lymphoid tissues. i. immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. | simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) is a lentivirus with genetic relatedness to the human immunodeficiency viruses (hiv-1 and hiv-2). it induces a fatal syndrome in rhesus monkeys that closely parallels the clinical course of aids in humans. the authors used double-labeling immunohistochemical procedures on rhesus lymph node and spleen taken during different time periods after siv infection to localize the p27 gag protein to specific cellular immunophenotypes. in animals with follicular hyperpla ... | 1989 | 2537016 |
| compared prevalence of infections by hiv-1 and hiv-2 during a 2-year period in suburban and rural areas of ivory coast. | the testing for human immune deficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) antibodies of 794 sera collected in july-august 1985 in the four regions of korhogo, bondoukou, man, and bouaké in ivory coast and the collection and testing for hiv-1 and hiv-2 antibodies of 1,126 sera collected in july-august 1987 in the same regions and age groups showed a remarkable stability in the prevalence of infection by these two retroviruses (0.7 and 0.4% in 1985 vs. 0.9 and 0.2% in 1987, respectively, for hiv-1 and hiv-2) i ... | 1989 | 2537399 |
| role of n-linked glycans in the interaction between the envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus and its cd4 cellular receptor. structural enzymatic analysis. | gp120 and cd4 are two glycoproteins that are considered to interact together to allow the binding of hiv to cd4+ cells. we have utilized enzymatic digestion by endoglycosidases in order to analyze n-linked carbohydrate chains of these proteins and their possible role in the interaction of gp120 or gp160 with cd4. sds denaturation was not necessary to obtain optimal deglycosylation of either molecule, but deglycosylation of cd4, nonetheless, depended on the presence of 1% triton x-100. endo h and ... | 1989 | 2538547 |
| cytomegalovirus infection and trans-activation of hiv-1 and hiv-2 ltrs in human astrocytoma cells. | susceptibility of a human astrocytoma cell line to human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection was investigated. infection of u-373mg astrocytoma cells with two strains of hcmv resulted in both production of extracellular, infectious virus and expression of immediate early and early antigens within 18 hours and late antigens after 72 hours of infection. the kinetics of infection in u-373mg cells were the same as in human diploid fibroblasts (mrc-5). since hcmv and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) h ... | 1989 | 2540782 |
| the biology and epidemiology of hiv infections. | the world now has a pandemic of infection by the human immunodeficiency virus type i (hiv-1). more recently, a focus of epidemic hiv-2 infection in west africa has been noted and this too is spreading internationally. hiv-2 closely resembles a simian lentivirus, siv; siv isolates have now been made from african (but not asian) old world monkeys and siv infection in macaques may provide the best animal model for hiv. all of these viruses share a tropism for the cd4 molecule, which is intimately i ... | 1989 | 2541125 |
| multiple functional domains of tat, the trans-activator of hiv-1, defined by mutational analysis. | the tat gene of hiv-1 is a potent trans-activator of gene expression from the hiv long terminal repeat (ltr). to define the functionally important regions of the product of the tat gene (tat) of hiv-1, deletion, linker insertion and single amino acid substitution mutants within the tat coding region of strain sf2 were constructed. the effect of these mutations on trans-activation was assessed by measuring the expression of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) reporter gene linke ... | 1989 | 2542902 |
| the open reading frame s of visna virus genome is a trans-activating gene. | soon after infection of ovine cell cultures, visna virus expression is first indicated by the accumulation of two multi-spliced transcripts of 1.2 and 1.6 kb that at present we have renamed 1.4 and 1.7 kb according to their exact length. the early 1.4-kb mrna encodes for a protein which increases the level of transcripts directed from visna virus long terminal repeat (trans-activation). this trans-activating protein was previously called vep1 and at present is renamed as the product of the rev g ... | 1989 | 2545028 |
| retroviral infections (hiv-1, hiv-2, and htlv-i) in rural northwestern tanzania. clinical findings, epidemiology, and association with infections common in africa. | during a three-week period in march/april 1987, the authors examined 253 consecutive patients referred to a rural hospital in northwestern tanzania. sera were tested for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1), human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2), and human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i), as well as for various parasites, hepatitis b virus, and treponema pallidum. neopterin (urinary and serum) was chosen as the immunologic parameter. in eight of the 253 patients ( ... | 1989 | 2546423 |
| experimental infection of cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) with simian immunodeficiency virus (sivsm). | five healthy cynomolgus monkeys were inoculated intravenously with simian immunodeficiency virus (sivsm) propagated in human lymphocytes. all five animals became infected. virus was recovered from blood mononuclear cells and viral antigen was detected in serum 12 days postinoculation (pi) in all inoculated animals. virus was also isolated in all five animals tested 74 to 226 days pi. antibodies to different structural proteins of siv and hiv-2 were demonstrated by elisa, western blot, and radioi ... | 1989 | 2547056 |
| genetic diversity among simian immunodeficiency virus isolates from african green monkeys. | to characterize isolates further within the sivagm subtype, we studied four sivagm isolates by cross-hybridization, molecular cloning, and nucleotide sequencing. our results indicate an unexpected degree of genetic variation among isolates within the sivagm subtype comparable to the variation between sivmac and hiv-2. | 1989 | 2547962 |
| molecular characterization and comparison of simian immunodeficiency virus isolates from macaques, mangabeys, and african green monkeys. | simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)/mne has been inoculated into three species of macaques and into baboons. virus was isolated from all the macaques who subsequently died at 15 to 120 weeks (mean 80 weeks) with various manifestations of immune deficiency. individual animals varied in their viral antibody profile as a function of time after infection. independent siv isolates obtained from african green monkeys and magabeys were compared to siv/mne for their ability to replicate in lymphocytes a ... | 1989 | 2547964 |
| [the immunodeficiency retrovirus in man and primates]. | human immunodeficiency viruses, hiv-1 and hiv-2, are similar, by genome structure, nucleotide sequences and pathogenicity, to retroviruses existing in various primates, sivs. the possibility is discussed that the human viruses have their origin in accidental transmission of some monkey viruses to man. studies of sivs also suggest that the pathogenic effect not only depends on the virus strain, but also on the host species. | 1989 | 2548679 |
| a transcriptional map of visna virus: definition of the second intron structure suggests a rev-like gene product. | visna virus is the prototype lentivirus, with a genome structure similar to that of the human immunodeficiency viruses hiv-1 and hiv-2. we have analysed in vitro the transcription pattern of this virus in lytic infections of choroid plexus cells. northern blot analysis shows the presence of spliced subgenomic mrna species of 4.9, 4.3, 4.0, 1.7 and 1.4 kb. use of appropriate subgenomic probes shows that the first three of these species encode envelope protein (but also potentially the small open ... | 1989 | 2549179 |
| characterization of in vitro inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus by purified recombinant cd4. | the first step in infection of human t cells with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is binding of viral envelope glycoprotein gp120 to its cellular receptor, cd4. the specificity of this interaction has led to the development of soluble recombinant cd4 (rcd4) as a potential antiviral and therapeutic agent. we have previously shown that crude preparations of rcd4 can indeed block infection of t cells by hiv type 1 (hiv-1). here we present a more detailed analysis of this antiviral activity, usin ... | 1989 | 2550671 |
| immunological reactivities of ghanaian sera with hiv-1, hiv-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus sivagm. | to learn more about the relative prevalence of viruses from the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)/simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) groups in ghana, serum samples were collected in 1986 from 47 men and women with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) or aids-related complex (arc), 57 apparently healthy individuals, and 11 aids-free hospital inpatients. western blot analysis revealed a total of 46 reactive sera. 43 of the 47 serum samples from those with aids or arc were positive; 6 were ... | 1989 | 2551342 |
| functional analysis of the tat trans activator of human immunodeficiency virus type 2. | the trans-activator (tat) proteins of the related but distinct type 1 and type 2 human immunodeficiency viruses (hiv-1 and hiv-2) display incomplete functional reciprocity. one possible explanation of this observation, suggested by computer analysis of potential rna secondary structures within the viral trans-activation response (tar) elements, is that hiv-2 tat requires the presentation of two viral rna stem-loop sequences for full activity whereas hiv-1 tat is maximally active upon presentatio ... | 1989 | 2555537 |
| animal models of aids. | animal models of aids are essential for understanding the pathogenesis of retrovirus-induced immune deficiency and encephalopathy and for development and testing of new therapies and vaccines. aids and related disorders are etiologically linked to members of the lentivirus subfamily of retroviruses; these lymphocytopathic lentiviruses are designated human immuno-deficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and human immuno-deficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2). the only animals susceptible to experimental hiv-1 in ... | 1989 | 2556312 |
| [hypothesis: multinucleated giant cells in aids neuropathology]. | data of the literature about frequency and specificity of giant cells during aids encephalitis are conflicting. these discrepancies could be explained by several factors. envelope glycoprotein gp 120, when free, induces the formation of giant cells through the fusion of cerebral monocytes. the concentration of this protein depends on the level of its production, function of the quantity and of the maturation of the hiv, and on the rapidity of its catabolism, due to anti-gp 120 antibodies. on the ... | 1989 | 2556773 |
| heat inactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2). | 1989 | 2559084 | |
| use of simian immunodeficiency viruses for aids research. | despite frequent statements to the contrary, there are good animal models for aids. in this review, we summarize the properties of one of the most useful animal models: infection of rhesus monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). the sivs are an extensive group of hiv-related lentiviruses of nonhuman primates. they closely resemble the human aids viruses, hiv-1 and hiv-2, in both genetic sequence and biological properties. some siv isolates, most notably those derived from macaques and ... | 1989 | 2559900 |
| laboratory diagnosis of the first cases of hiv-2 infection in canada. | until recently the geographic distribution of infection due to human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) had excluded north america. we report the first two cases of such infection in canada. both people came from endemic areas of western africa and were asymptomatic. the results of a commercial enzyme immunoassay specific for hiv-1 antibody were positive in both cases, but those of the western blot technique were indeterminate. the western blot technique specific for hiv-2 antibody and the in ... | 1989 | 2562925 |
| seroprevalence of htlv-i in portugal and evidence of double retrovirus infection of a healthy donor. | the prevalence of antibodies to htlv-i in 5,475 portuguese from 6 regions spanning the country was studied. overall seroprevalence was 0.55%, indicating that portugal is not an endemic area for this virus. seropositives were distributed throughout the country, and no geographic clustering was observed. the seroprevalence of individuals who had lived in former portuguese colonies in africa (0.7%) was significantly higher than that of individuals who had not been in africa (0.36%). an increase in ... | 1989 | 2563718 |
| prevalence of and mortality from human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in bissau, west africa. | in a community based prevalence study of hiv infection in bissau, west africa, 1987, the population in 100 randomly selected "houses" was asked to participate. 89% (1329/1499) were examined and had a blood sample taken. none was hiv-1 seropositive but 4.7% were seropositive for hiv-2 (0.6% in children, 8.9% in those aged 15 years and over, and 20% in those aged 40 years and over). there was no significant difference in seroprevalence between areas or ethnic groups or between individuals of diffe ... | 1989 | 2564911 |
| nationwide community-based serological survey of hiv-1 and other human retrovirus infections in a central african country. rwandan hiv seroprevalence study group. | in december, 1986, a nationwide serological survey of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection in the general population of rwanda was done in two parts--one in the rural and the other in the urban population. the sampling method was a modification of the cluster sampling technique developed for monitoring immunisation coverage. antibodies to hiv-1 (and to hiv-2 and human t-cell leukaemia/lymphoma virus type i [htlv-i]) were detected by immunoenzymatic assays and confirmed by wester ... | 1989 | 2565428 |
| blood donors with indeterminate anti-p24gag reactivity in hiv-1 western blot: absence of infectivity to transfused patients and in virus culture. | during a follow-up period of 23-40 months, 7 regular blood donors had persistently, and 4 had intermittently indeterminate anti-p24gag reactivity in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1 western blot. serological testing and viral cultures revealed that these donors had no signs of infection for hiv-1, hiv-2, human t-cell lymphotropic virus (htlv)-4, and htlv-1. extensive interviewing and physical examination of these donors revealed neither risk factors, nor signs of hiv infection in the tested ... | 1989 | 2567091 |
| genetic diversity of simian immunodeficiency virus. | we have demonstrated that the genetic diversity of simian immunodeficiency virus from african green monkeys (sivagm) is much greater than that observed previously for individual hiv-1, hiv-2, or sivmac isolates. extensive genetic variation among sivagm isolates and the high prevalence of green monkey infection without disease suggest that the virus has been in the green monkey population for a long time. we have also demonstrated that siv from a sooty mangabey monkey (isolate smm-7) is closer to ... | 1989 | 2569537 |
| rapid emergence of aids in abidjan, ivory coast. | between july and november, 1988, 1501 consecutive adult medical admissions to the two largest hospitals in abidjan, ivory coast, were studied. the overall prevalence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) types 1 and 2 was 43% in hospital a and 28% in hospital b. aids accounted for 19% and 9%, respectively, of medical admissions to the two hospitals, and for 33% of medical deaths in hospital a. the risk of death was significantly higher in hiv-seropositive patients with acquired im ... | 1989 | 2569598 |
| human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in spain. | 1989 | 2569973 | |
| highly specific inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by a novel 6-substituted acyclouridine derivative. | a novel 6-substituted acyclouridine derivative, 1-[(2-hydroxy-ethoxy) methyl]-6-phenylthiothymine (hept), has proved to be a potent and selective inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) in vitro. hept inhibits hiv-1 replication in various t4 cell cultures as well as peripheral blood lymphocytes and macrophages. the 50% antiviral effective concentration for hiv-1 (htlv-iiib) in mt-4 cells is 7.0 microm, while the 50% cytotoxic concentration for mock-infected mt-4 cells is 740 mic ... | 1989 | 2575380 |
| immunochemistry of the dominating antigenic region ala582 to cys604 in the transmembranous protein of simian and human immunodeficiency virus. | the immunochemistry of two homologous uniquely antigenic peptides representing ala582 to cys604 in the transmembrane proteins of simian immunodeficiency virus of rhesus macaque origin, sivmac (closely related to hiv-2) and hiv-1 (strain htlv-iiib) was characterized at the resolution of single amino acids. five different antigenic sites were identified in the sivmac peptide by use of 34 mab against this peptide and two different sites were similarly demonstrated in the hiv-1 peptide by use of 10 ... | 1989 | 2584709 |
| serum reactivity to hiv-1 accessory gene products distinguishes east african from west african hiv strains as infecting agent. | the existence of dual infections with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-1 and 2 in west african countries has been controversial, although the current consensus is that dual infection is not the cause of the extensive cross-reactivity observed between these 2 viruses. to evaluate the role of antibody reactivity to the hiv-1 accessory gene products in type-specific hiv serology, proteins encoded for nef, tat, rev, vpr, and vpu were developed and used as an antigen. 5 of the 7 exclusively hiv-2 ... | 1989 | 2590553 |
| a highly divergent hiv-2-related isolate. | it has been suggested that the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) and the simian immunodeficiency virus from rhesus macaques (sivmac) evolved from the sooty mangabey virus sivsm (ref. 1). we now describe an hiv-2-related isolate, hiv-2-d205, from a healthy ghanaian woman that is genetically equidistant to the prototypic hiv-2 strains and to sivsm and sivmac. supported by the observation that hiv-2d205 differs in a step of envelope glycoprotein processing, our data indicate that it could ... | 1989 | 2594088 |
| analysis of the function of viral protein x (vpx) of hiv-2. | to investigate the function of vpx, a gene in hiv-2 and siv, but not in hiv-1, three site-directed mutants (pmx) were constructed from a functional proviral hiv-2 plasmid clone (pse). transfection of cos-1 cells with all three mutants as well as pse gave rise to equivalent amounts of virus. each virus could be passaged in h9 and cem lymphoid cell lines, peripheral blood lymphocytes, and monocytes with equal efficiency and demonstrated similar cytopathic effects. hybridization data with dan from ... | 1989 | 2596032 |
| [evidence of infection by type 2 (hiv 2) human immunodeficiency virus in heroin addicts in barcelona]. | the presence of antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) was retrospectively investigated in serum samples from 433 parenteral drug abusers from barcelona. a third generation elisa was used for the initial screening of sera, and a specific western blot technique for the definitive confirmation of the results. the presence of anti-hiv-2 was demonstrated in 9 samples (prevalence 2.1%). all of them belonged to patients also infected with hiv-1. the 9 cases reported here are th ... | 1989 | 2601478 |
| [role of hiv-2 infection in west germany and the pathogenicity of the virus]. | 1989 | 2603488 | |
| genomic divergence of hiv-2 from ghana. | genetic variability in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) has been studied extensively, but the total nucleotide sequence of the hiv-2 genome has been reported only in two strains. for phylogenetic analyses of hiv, the genetic variability of hiv-2 should be investigated. this paper reports the complete nucleotide sequence of an hiv-2 isolate from ghana, hiv-2[gh-1]. this virus showed approximately 85% homology in overall nucleotide sequence with hiv-2rod. the amino acid sequence of the ... | 1989 | 2611042 |
| low prevalence of neuro-psychiatric clinical manifestations in central african patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | in order to evaluate the frequency of neurological and psychiatric disorders in central african patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), 93 inpatients at the national hospital centre of bangui were selected according to the world health organization (bangui) clinical definition of aids and were confirmed to be serologically positive for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) 1 (92/93) or hiv 2 (1/93) by western blot. neurological (11/15) and psychiatric (4/15) abnormalities were cli ... | 1989 | 2617657 |
| influences of related retroviruses on lymphocyte functions. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1) is known to be profoundly immunosuppressive [spickett and dalgleish (1988) clin. exp. immunol. 71, 1]. in this communication, we have studied the influences of hiv-1 (bh10), hiv-2 (lav-2) and stlv-3 on b and t cells from healthy volunteers. b lymphocytes were found to differentiate into immunoglobulin secreting cells in response to stimulation by proteins of hiv-1 and lav-2, but not by stlv-3. this response was obtained at protein concentrations of 0.05-0 ... | 1989 | 2631867 |
| human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: correlation but not causation. | aids is an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome defined by a severe depletion of t cells and over 20 conventional degenerative and neoplastic diseases. in the u.s. and europe, aids correlates to 95% with risk factors, such as about 8 years of promiscuous male homosexuality, intravenous drug use, or hemophilia. since aids also correlates with antibody to a retrovirus, confirmed in about 40% of american cases, it has been hypothesized that this virus causes aids by killing t cells. consequently, the ... | 1989 | 2644642 |
| molecular and biological characterization of a replication competent human immunodeficiency type 2 (hiv-2) proviral clone. | we obtained complete genomic clones of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) from the dna of the neoplastic human cell line hut 78 freshly infected with a hiv-2 isolate, strain sbl6669. the recombinant phage dna was transfected into the lymphocytes of cd4-positive hut 78 cell line to test the replication competence of the proviral dna. one genomic clone, designated hiv-2sbl/isy, yielded retroviral particles after a few weeks of culture of the transfected cells. the hiv-2sbl/isy clone conta ... | 1989 | 2648404 |
| hiv-2 antibody testing of blood donors with doubtful immunoblot results for hiv-1. | antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (hiv-1) in samples from blood donors are commonly detected by various enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) and by confirmatory tests, e.g., "western blot" or immunofluorescence tests. immunoblot reactivity, which is directed only towards the hiv-1 core proteins p 18, p 24 and p 55, may represent false-positive reactions. out of 125,000 blood donations, 140 were repeatably hiv-1 antibody reactive by elisa; of these, 20 were doubtful pos ... | 1989 | 2649189 |
| synergistic inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2 replication in vitro by castanospermine and 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine. | castanospermine and 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (zidovudine) were evaluated in combination against human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) replication in vitro. castanospermine and 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine inhibited hiv type 1 synergistically in acutely infected h9 cells. in addition, they synergistically inhibited both hiv type 1 and hiv type 2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. there were no additional toxic effects of these agents in combination. drug interactions were evaluated by the median ... | 1989 | 2653214 |
| [human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infection in western africans living in catalonia]. | we have studied retrospectively the presence of serologic markers of type 1 and type 2 human immunodeficiency virus infection in 102 subjects coming from west africa and living in catalonia. we have proven the presence of specific antibodies to type 2 human immunodeficiency virus in three asymptomatic subjects among whose epidemiologic antecedents the unique risk factor was heterosexual promiscuity. these three subjects are the first seropositive to type 2 human immunodeficiency virus reported i ... | 1989 | 2657255 |
| genetic relatedness of the human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 and 2 (hiv-1, hiv-2) and the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). | 1989 | 2660679 | |
| inhibition of the aspartic proteinase from hiv-2. | kinetic constants were determined for the interaction of the hiv-2 aspartic proteinase with a synthetic substrate and a number of inhibitors at several ph values. acetyl-pepstatin was more effective towards hiv-2 proteinase than the renin inhibitor, h-261; this effect is exactly the opposite from that observed previously for the proteinase from the hiv-1 aids virus. | 1989 | 2668032 |
| comparison of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 proteases by hybrid gene construction and trans-complementation. | to determine the cleavage specificity of the proteases of the type 1 and 2 human immunodeficiency viruses (hiv-1, hiv-2), we interchanged this domain of the polymerase (pol) genes and analyzed the maturation programs of the chimeric polyproteins in an escherichia coli expression system. in both cases, release of reverse transcriptase and integrase was observed, together with the respective 10-kda protease form resulting from autocatalysis, although the maturation proceeded less efficiently compa ... | 1989 | 2670928 |
| no evidence of hiv 2 infection in sicily. | a seroepidemiological survey was carried out with the aim of establishing whether or not hiv 2 infection could be detected in western sicily. two groups of sera were tested by eia and wb assay against hiv 1 and hiv 2. 200 sera taken from north african immigrants in the mazara del vallo area, and 297 samples taken from aids-high risk groups individuals living in palermo. none of the north african sera was positive to hiv 1 and/or hiv 2 by either techniques. 118 of the 297 sera from palermo were h ... | 1989 | 2674633 |
| lymphogranuloma venereum: 27 cases in paris. | twenty-seven men with laboratory-confirmed lymphogranuloma venereum (lgv) were identified among 211 patients tested for lgv or chancroid during a 6-y period. the patients with lgv ranged in age from 17 to 73 y; most were from countries other than france. twenty-five sought care because of inguinal adenopathy (with spontaneous draining fistulae in two patients) and two because of proctitis. chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from nine patients; all isolates were the lgv biovar as demonstrated by ... | 1989 | 2677162 |
| infection of brain cells by diverse human immunodeficiency virus isolates: role of cd4 as receptor. | cell lines originally derived from malignant tumours of the brain were infected by diverse human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (hiv-1 and hiv-2) isolates. by surface immunofluorescence it was shown that susceptible cells did not bear the cd4 antigen. they were also non-permissive for the formation of plaques by vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotypes and did not form syncytia with hiv-producing cells. virus production was of low titre, and reverse transcriptase and the p24 antigen were con ... | 1989 | 2677235 |
| immunofluorescence assay for detection of antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 2. | a total of 215 serum samples were tested for antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) with an immunofluorescence assay (ifa). some samples originated from denmark and some originated from guinea-bissau. the ifa results were compared with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and western (immuno-) blot (wb) results. twenty-nine serum samples were found to be true positive for hiv-2 antibodies as judged from wb and radioimmunoprecipitation results; all of these were also ... | 1989 | 2681251 |
| functional comparison of the rev trans-activators encoded by different primate immunodeficiency virus species. | the known primate lentiviruses can be divided into two subgroups consisting of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) isolates and the related hiv type 2 (hiv-2) and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) isolates. hiv-1 has been shown to encode a post-transcriptional trans-activator of viral structural gene expression, termed rev, that is essential for viral replication in culture. here, we demonstrate that hiv-2 and sivmac also encode functional rev proteins. as in the case of hiv-1, the ... | 1989 | 2682638 |