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electron microscopic findings on epithelial cells of lieberkühn's crypts in canine parvovirus infection. 19827098243
canine parvovirus infection in housed raccoon dogs and foxes in finland.an outbreaks of severe enteritis occurred among young raccoon dogs on fur farms in eastern finland. post mortem examinations revealed gross and microscopic lesions which were typical of parvovirus infections described in cats, mink and dogs. the intestine was dilatated, oedematous and the normal villi were significantly reduced. a parvovirus was isolated from faeces and found to resemble canine parvovirus by its ability to haemagglutinate pig erythrocytes at ph 7.2 and its antigenic properties. ...19827101696
generalized parvovirus disease in neonatal pups.generalized canine parvovirus disease was diagnosed in a litter of pups that died when 3 to 9 days old. parvovirus was isolated from the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, and small intestine. histologically, lesions were characterized by hemorrhage and necrosis in the brain, liver, lungs, kidneys, lymphoid tissues, and gastrointestinal mucosa. intranuclear inclusions were found in vascular endothelium, heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, adrenal cortex, and gastrointestinal tract.19827107487
canine parvovirus infection in australia during 1980.a questionnaire sent to all veterinary practitioners in australia and many in new zealand asking for details of their experience with canine parvovirus infections in 1980 elicited the following information. in 1980 explosive outbreaks of disease occurred in most parts of australia. there was no obvious pattern of spread over the continent as a whole. in many cases outbreaks in country areas occurred after dog shows. canine parvovirus enteritis affected all age groups with an overall mortality of ...19827112869
canine parvovirus: a biochemical and ultrastructural characterization.a canine virus derived from a diseased dog has been plaque-purified and characterized in detail. analysis of infected cells demonstrated that virus antigen accumulated in the nucleus at 12 to 24 h post-infection and the cytopathology at the ultrastructural level was diagnostic of a parvovirus infection. the purified virus particles were 23 to 26 nm in diam. and banded at a density 1.44 g/ml in cscl. detailed biochemical analysis revealed a single-stranded dna genome and three structural proteins ...19827130947
sero-epidemiologic survey on canine parvovirus infection. 19827132022
development of a modified live, canine origin parvovirus vaccine.a modified live, canine origin parvovirus vaccine was tested for safety, efficacy, and clinical performance. the vaccine protected dogs from challenge of immunity with canine parvovirus (cpv) that caused clinical illness in all nonvaccinated dogs. vaccinates all developed cpv serum neutralization antibody titers, with a mean value of 1,664. challenge virus was not isolated from vaccinates, but feces from nonvaccinated dogs were cpv-positive for up to 4 days following challenge. in a pathogenicit ...19827141990
epizootic of viral enteritis in dogs in thailand.an epizootic of enteritis occurred in dogs in thailand during 1979. observations were made on 44 dogs that had clinical signs of enteritis or had a recent history compatible with a clinical diagnosis of enteritis. eight of the 44 dogs died. gross and histopathologic examinations performed on these dogs revealed that the lesions were similar to those described for canine viral enteritis. antigens that agglutinated rhesus macaque rbc were detected in feces from 4 of 20 dogs. cytopathic effects wer ...19827149420
comparison of systemic and local immunity in dogs with canine parvovirus gastroenteritis.to determine whether resistance to canine parvovirus (cpv) gastroenteritis is mediated by local or systemic immunity or both, an enzyme-linked immunospecific antibody assay (elisa) was developed that quantitated different classes of antibody to cpv. antibody levels in serum and feces of dogs with cpv-associated gastroenteritis were compared with their clinical signs and viral hemagglutination (ha) titers. dogs with high levels of cpv coproantibody had a favorable clinical prognosis, high serum a ...19827152659
maternal antibody, vaccination and reproductive failure in dogs with parvovirus infection.the maternal antibody (mab) titre to canine parvovirus (cpv) was determined on consecutive serums from 39 puppies in 7 litters. vaccination with inactivated cpv was performed at a variety of ages and the response of the puppies determined. transfer of mab was demonstrated in 71% (5/7) of the litters and persisted for up to 10 weeks in some litters. mab titres of greater than 20 precluded a vaccination response by puppies. sixty- one per cent (8/13) of puppies responded to vaccination when the ma ...19827168717
[identification of canine parvovirus infections in madagascar]. 19827170360
canine parvovirus infections in a colony of dogs.a serological study of canine parvovirus (cpv) infections in a colony of dogs was conducted over a period of 8 months. twenty-two of 24 adults samples initially had significant antibody titres to cpv. nine litters of puppies were bled at fortnightly intervals and the sera tested for antibodies to cpv. twenty-nine of 35 naturally pv infections observed were subclinical. a puppy in one litter developed vomiting and diarrhoea during the same period as seroconversion to cpv. four puppies from a furt ...19827179717
prevalence and conversion of canine parvovirus antibody in various dog colonies in japan. 19827182643
parvovirus enteritis in vaccinated juvenile bush dogs.parvovirus enteritis developed in 10 of 17 vaccinated juvenile bush dogs (speothos venaticus) from 4 litters in a 5-month period. nine dogs died. the first outbreak involved 6 of 9 bush dogs from 2 litters. each had been vaccinated with a killed feline-origin parvovirus vaccine at 11 and 14 weeks of age. the 6 affected dogs became ill at 29 weeks of age and died. the second outbreak involved a litter of 6 bush dogs. each had been vaccinated every 2 weeks starting at 5 weeks of age. two were isol ...19826890953
experimental canine parvovirus infection in dogs.in specific pathogen-free dogs, clinical signs of experimental canine parvovirus infection were mild, inconsistent and transient. clinical signs were more pronounced in conventionally-raised dogs, but the severe disease reported in field cases was not reproduced in either group. a pronounced plasma viremia occurred on the 2nd to 4th day post-infection (d.p.i.) in dogs challenged oronasally. antibody was detectable on the 5th d.p.i. marked pyrexia was rare, but a significant temperature rise usua ...19826211333
hemorrhagic enteritis and nonsuppurative myocarditis caused by canine parvovirus. 19826806718
a unique class of compound, guanosine-nucleoside tetraphosphate g(5')pppp(5')n, synthesized during the in vitro transcription of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus of bombyx mori. structural determination and mechanism of formation.two structurally different classes of oligonucleotides accumulate in vitro in cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) transcription mixtures in molar excess as compared to the completed rna products. the first class consists of oligonucleotides which correspond to the 5'-terminal sequence of the virus mrnas (referred to as initiator oligonucleotides). the major species of initiator oligonucleotides are (p)ppapg and (p)ppapgpn together with smaller amounts of homologous capped structures (furuichi, ...19827031064
sequence of terminal regions of cowpox virus dna: arrangement of repeated and unique sequence elements.one terminal ecori fragment of the genome of cowpox virus (cpv) strain brighton red has been cloned in plasmid pbr325, and the nucleotide sequence of the 2,725-base-pair sal i fragment corresponding to that at the end of the viral genome has been determined. the fragment consists of three unique sequence regions flanking two sets of repeated sequence. the repeated sequence sets are composed of four types of subunits, the majority of which are arranged in higher-order repeat units. the subunits a ...19826961398
size determination of orgyia pseudotsugata cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus genomic rna.molecular-weight estimates were determined for the orgyia pseudotsugata cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) genome. the molecular-weight estimates were obtained from measurements of glyoxal denatured rna molecules following electrophoresis in 1% agarose gels and electron micrographic contour lengths. these estimates were compared to the minimal coding capacity derived from the size of translation products of selected genomic segments. the results obtained from these different experimental appro ...198218638847
a longitudinal serological survey of parvovirus infection in dogs.serum samples collected from dogs routinely presented at a clinic between june 1974 and october 1980 were tested for the presence of haemagglutination inhibition (hi) titres to canine parvovirus. the first positive titre (>1:320) was demonstrated in serum collected in october 1979. the first confirmed clinical case of canine parvovirus enteritis was diagnosed by the authors in july 1979. in addition, between 1st december 1980 and 1st march 1981, serum samples were collected from 106 healthy dogs ...198216030850
canine parvovirus. 198316030931
the duration of immunity to an inactivated adjuvanted canine parvovirus vaccine. a 52 and 64 week postvaccination challenge study.dogs were successfully isolated for a period of either 52 or 64 weeks following vaccination with an inactivated, adjuvanted canine parvovirus-2 vaccine. antibody persisted in all ten vaccinated dogs, although in one case by 52 weeks postvaccination only virus neutralizing antibody, and not hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody, could be detected. sentinel unvaccinated dogs housed alongside the vaccinated dogs throughout the study remained free of canine parvovirus-2 antibody until challenged. upo ...198317422291
canine parvovirus in new zealand: epidemiological features and diagnostic methods.data from 763 cases of clinical canine parvovirus disease confirmed at the ruakura animal health laboratory were examined. the largest number of cases were seen in spring and summer months with the peak incidence in february 1981. the morbidity and mortality rates were highest in young dogs. sixty-nine percent of all cases occurred in dogs less than six months of age, and 63 percent of dogs seven weeks of age or younger died. the laboratory methods used to diagnose canine parvovirus disease are ...198316031000
comparison of sequence diversity in several cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses.sequence homology among several different cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) types and the human reovirus (type 1) was examined by northern blot analysis and s, nuclease analysis, using random-primed cdna probes synthesized from total genomic rna. the results show no homology among the cpv type 1, bombyx mori cpv, type 5, orgyia pseudotsugata cpv, type 8, manduca sexta cpv and the human reovirus (type 1). however, there was significant homology among three type 5 cpvs, o. pseudotsugata cpv, eu ...198318639153
hemagglutination with formalin-fixed erythrocytes for detection of canine parvovirus. 19836824219
canine parvovirus serum neutralizing antibody assay: assessment of factors responsible for disparity of results between tests.canine parvovirus (cpv) serum neutralization (sn) test components were evaluated to determine their effect on antibody titer results. the use of different strains of cpv and different cell substrates had little effect on assay results. variations in sn antibody titer results were associated with the use of challenge virus preparations that differed in the ratio of hemagglutination units (hau) to infectivity units (faid50). sensitivity and reproducibility can be achieved by using a standardized c ...19836825453
serotherapy for dogs infected with canine parvovirus. 19836865174
[course and reflections on canine parvovirus enteritis in the berlin area]. 19836870469
the present status of canine parvovirosis.results from studies performed by the authors and by other workers, have greatly increased the knowledge of canine parvovirus. the authors review the situation with particular reference to virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathology and immunoprophylaxis.19836880008
dog response to plaque variant of canine parvovirus. 19836650021
antigenic structure and variation of canine parvovirus type-2, feline panleukopenia virus, and mink enteritis virus.the antigenic structure and variation of canine parvovirus type-2 (cpv), feline panleukopenia virus (fpv), mink enteritis virus (mev), and a closely related virus of raccoons (rpv) was investigated using a panel of 13 monoclonal antibodies (mab) formed against cpv and 8 mab formed against fpv. each mab both neutralized and inhibited the hemagglutination of the homologous virus. all mab tested immunoprecipitated the two capsid proteins. five mab were specific for the cpv isolates and one reacted ...19836194613
the process of virus assembly in insect virus mixed infections.interference occurred upon infection of the cabbage moth caterpillars (mamestra brassicae l.) with a mixture of nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) and cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv), resulting in the impairment of virus assembly, and formation of abnormal nucleocapsids. at the same time protein supercapsids were produced normally, but contained no infectious virions. when insects were infected with related viruses, the virions developed as usual, but the protein supercapsids revealed abnorma ...19836139945
use of modified live feline panleukopenia virus vaccine to immunize dogs against canine parvovirus.modified live feline panleukopenia virus (fplv) vaccine protected dogs against canine parvovirus (cpv) infection. however, unlike the long-lived (greater than or equal to 20-month) immunity engendered by cpv infection, the response of dogs to living fplv was variable. doses of fplv (snow leopard strain) in excess of 10(5.7) tcid50 were necessary for uniform immunization; smaller inocula resulted in decreased success rates. the duration of immunity, as measured by the persistence of hemagglutinat ...19836299142
response of mink, skunk, red fox and raccoon to inoculation with mink virus enteritis, feline panleukopenia and canine parvovirus and prevalence of antibody to parvovirus in wild carnivores in ontario.mink virus enteritis, feline panleukopenia and canine parvovirus-2 were inoculated separately into groups of raccoon, mink, red fox and striped skunk. raccoons were highly susceptible to mink virus enteritis and feline panleukopenia, with animals developing clinical illness, and several dying within six to ten days of inoculation with lesions typical of parvovirus infection. both viruses were shed in high titre in the feces of infected raccoons, and high antibody titres were stimulated. raccoons ...19836309349
case report on mixed infection of canine parvovirus and canine coronavirus--electron microscopy and recovery of canine coronavirus. 19836314016
aspects of the diagnosis, pathogenesis and epidemiology of canine parvovirus.between 18 july 1980 and 2 january 1981, 188 samples (145 faeces and 43 intestinal contents) were submitted from dogs with suspected canine parvovirus (cpv) enteritis. cpv was demonstrated in 56 (30%) of these samples; the weekly rate of positive cpv identification was remarkably constant at approximately 30% even though clinical and often post-mortem findings strongly supported a diagnosis of cpv enteritis. the simplest, most sensitive and most rapid method for detection of virus was haemagglut ...19836314962
canine viral enteritis.canine viral enteritis should be suspected in dogs with an acute onset of vomiting and diarrhea, especially in puppies and where several animals are affected simultaneously. definitive diagnosis requires laboratory confirmation, most often detection of viral particles in the stool. no diagnostic test is entirely specific or absolutely sensitive, however, and laboratory findings should be weighed accordingly. immunization is the key to successful control. effective vaccines for canine parvovirus ...19836316616
comparison of the viral proteins of canine parvovirus-2, mink enteritis virus and feline panleukopenia virus.canine parvovirus-2 (cpv-2), mink enteritis virus (mev) and feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) were produced using identical cell culture and purification techniques. the distributions of the haemagglutinating activity of the three different parvoviruses in a cscl gradient were similar with haemagglutinating peaks identified at 1.48-1.49, 1.42, 1.36 and 1.30-1.31 g cm-3. the number and distribution of the viral proteins and the equivalent protein molecular weights are similar for all three viruses ...19836316627
systemic and local intestinal antibody response in dogs given both infective and inactivated canine parvovirus.systemic and local immune responses were evaluated in dogs given infective canine parvovirus (cpv) and 2 administrations of inactivated cpv 6 months later. before the inactivated cpv was given, a jejunal cannulation was performed on the animals. during infective cpv administration, concentrations of class-specific copro- and sero-immunoglobulin (ig)g, iga, and igm were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. high concentrations of both copro- and sero-igm, as well as a moderate increase ...19836316818
canine parvovirus immunoprophylaxis: a review.the presently available data on canine parvovirus is reviewed with particular emphasis on the degree of immunity provided by the various types of vaccines commercially available, the interference of active immunisation by maternally-derived antibody, and the recommendations as to age of vaccination.19836321731
comparison of hemagglutination and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedures for detecting canine parvovirus in feces.a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detection of canine parvovirus (cpv) antigen in fecal samples was developed. fecal samples were tested by elisa and a direct hemagglutination assay, and the results compared. the tests gave the same results in 83% and 88% of the fecal samples, depending on whether the samples were treated with chloroform. the discrepancies were due to the fact that each test detected virus in certain fecal samples that was not detected by the other. the ...19836337535
a modified live canine parvovirus vaccine. ii. immune response.the safety and efficacy of an attenuated canine parvovirus (a-cpv) vaccine was evaluated in both experimental and in field dogs. after parenteral vaccination, seronegative dogs developed hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) antibody titers as early as postvaccination (pv) day 2. maximal titers occurred within 1 week. immunity was associated with the persistence of hi antibody titers (titers greater than 80) that endured at least 2 years. immune dogs challenged with virulent cpv did not shed virus in ...19836337780
an electron microscopic study of viruses associated with canine gastroenteritis.an electron microscopic study was carried out on specimens of feces and intestinal contents from cases of canine gastroenteritis submitted to the diagnostic laboratory, new york state college of veterinary medicine, during 1979-1981. the majority of samples came from new york state and the northeast with no marked shift in distribution over the three year period. canine parvovirus was the major virus identified. in august and september 1980 there was an epidemic of canine gastroenteritis, with 2 ...19836337781
midgut and viral associated proteases of heliothis armigera.the role played by the gut juice of insects in the infective process of insect viruses was examined. analysis of larval gut extract of heliothis armigera by sds-page revealed protease activity associated with components of molecular weights 48,000 and 94,000. proteases were found to be associated with occlusion bodies and virions of both nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) and cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) infecting h. armigera. cpv occlusion bodies were dissolved by gut juice extract at ph ...19836337972
the effects of s-adenosyl methionine (adomet) and its analogues on the control of transcription and translation in vitro of the mrna products of two cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses.s-adenosyl methionine (adomet) and several structurally related compounds were added to in vitro systems for the synthesis of single-stranded rna by cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) types 1 and 2. the effects of these compounds were examined on the level of transcription and methylation of the rna products. of the compounds tested, five increased the polymerase activity in both viruses, the most effective being the d- and l-stereoisomers of s-adenosyl homocysteine (adohcy), and the least eff ...19836359667
chemical synthesis of the 5'-terminal part bearing cap structure of messenger rna of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv): m7g5'pppampg and m7g5'pppampgpu.the 5'-terminal structures of mrna bearing the so-called 'cap' from cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv), m7g5' pppampg and m7g5' pppampgpu, were first chemically synthesized. s,s-di(4-methoxyphenyl) n6-benzoyl-2'-o-methyladenosine 5'-phosphorodithioate ((ars) 2pabmz) was prepared by phosphorylation of the 5'-hydroxyl group of n6-benzoyl-2'-o-methyladenosine with s,s-di(4-methoxyphenyl) phosphorodithioate by tps. by the triester approach using (ars) 2pabmz as starting material, the protected din ...19846369253
specific removal of antibodies with an immunoadsorption system.a continuous flow immunoadsorption system consisting of a cell separator, protein a-sepharose columns, and a semi-automatic elution component was developed to specifically remove circulating igg. this system provides extensive absorption with an essentially unlimited column bed volume. six dogs were treated a total of 19 times. in no case did fever, sepsis, or respiratory distress result from the treatment. serial blood counts and tests of liver and renal function remained in the normal range. e ...19846369656
characterization of a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus infecting manduca sexta.a cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) infecting manduca sexta was characterized. the genome consisted of ten equimolar rna segments ranging in estimated molecular mass from 0.7 to 3.84 mdaltons and with a total estimated molecular mass of 21.75 mdaltons . the sizes of the individual rna segments provisionally placed this cpv within the type 8 classification of payne and rivers. the polyhedrin protein had an estimated molecular mass of 28 kdaltons . six virion-associated proteins were observed, ...19846373659
comparison of the virus-associated polymerases of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus types 1 and 2.a detailed comparison was made of the virus-associated polymerase activities of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (cpv) types 1 and 2 which had previously been shown to differ in their response to the methyl donor s-adenosyl-l-methionine (adomet). while the type 1 cpv polymerase was approximately twice as active as the type 2 cpv enzyme in the presence of adomet, temperature, ph and divalent cation optima of the two enzymes were similar. both viruses synthesized in vitro single-stranded rna copies ...19846384129
cross-reactivity between cowpox and vaccinia viruses with monoclonal antibodies. brief report.hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies against cowpox virus (cpv) and vaccinia virus (vv) were established to examine the specific and cross-reactive antigenic determinants of these viruses. monoclonal antibodies against cpv (lb red strain) and vv (lister strain and ikeda strain) were classified into several groups on the basis of the results of immunofluorescence and haemagglutination inhibition tests. it was suggested that the groups defined above include the group of antibodies ...19846497657
canine parvovirus vaccination efficacy. 19846322410
canine parvovirus vaccination. 19846324448
serologic response of captive coyotes (canis latrans say) to canine parvovirus and accompanying profiles of canine coronavirus titers.fifty-five of 66 (83%) coyote pups from bitches vaccinated against canine parvovirus (cpv) were seropositive for cpv antibodies at birth. the cpv antibody titer in the pups declined with a half-life of 6.7 days until by the 8th week, only two of 41 (5%) pups were seropositive for cpv antibodies. at 8 wk, 41 of the pups were vaccinated against cpv (killed feline origin vaccine), but only one of 37 (3%) was positive for cpv antibodies at 11 wk. the 8-wk-old pups were either too young to respond to ...19846325726
acute and chronic viral myocarditis. acute diffuse nonsuppurative myocarditis and residual myocardial scarring following infection with canine parvovirus. 19846326581
canine parvovirus vaccination. 19846328735
isolation of canine parvovirus from a dog brain with severe necrotizing vasculitis and encephalomalacia. 19846330014
expression of canine parvovirus-beta-galactosidase fusion proteins in escherichia coli.cloned dna fragments encoding portions of canine parvovirus (cpv) structural proteins were inserted into plasmid expression vectors. these plasmids expressed cpv-beta-galactosidase fusion proteins under the transcriptional control of the escherichia coli lac promoter-operator. the fusion proteins were purified and used to immunize rabbits. rabbit antibodies raised against these fusion proteins were shown to immunoprecipitate authentic cpv structural proteins from infected cell extracts. this dem ...19846208084
characterization of antigenic variation among mink enteritis virus isolates.three antigenic forms of natural field isolates of mink enteritis virus were revealed with a panel of monoclonal antibodies generated against the closely studied feline panleukopenia virus and canine parvovirus-2 virus. two types (types 2 and 3) were shown to be closely related by agar-gel precipitin tests and by restriction enzyme mapping. however, types 2 and 3 differed from the type 1 isolates in the same tests. in cross-protection studies, inactivated viral vaccines made from any one of the ...19846084433
experimental viral myocarditis: parvoviral infection of neonatal pups.myocarditis was produced in seronegative five-day-old pups by oral and by intraperitoneal inoculation of canine parvovirus. the disease was subclinical. histologic lesions were compatible with, but less extensive than, those seen in naturally occurring canine parvoviral myocarditis. in pups necropsied 23 days after inoculation, scattered cardiac myocytes contained intranuclear inclusion bodies, and virus-infected myocytes were demonstrated by immunofluorescence. degeneration and loss of cardiac ...19846091315
canine parvovirus enteritis 1: clinical, haematological and pathological features of experimental infection.the effect of oral infection of puppies, eight and 10 weeks old, with canine parvovirus of faecal origin was studied. clinical signs of enteric disease were first apparent at five days after inoculation and persisted during days 6 and 7 after inoculation. the severity of clinical signs varied from transient dullness and anorexia to emesis, dysentery and death. changes in haematological parameters were first found at day 3 after inoculation when a relative lymphopenia was observed. a profound neu ...19846091317
comparison of the blastogenic response of peripheral blood lymphocytes from canine parvovirus-positive and -negative outbred dogs.lymphocyte blast transformation assays (lbt) were performed on canine parvovirus (cpv) -positive and -negative mongrel dogs randomly selected from a humane facility. concanavalin a as well as phytohemagglutinin p stimulation was depressed (p less than 0.001) in the group of animals shedding cpv compared to cpv-negative dogs.19846091321
clinical and pathologic features of parvoviral diarrhea in pound-source dogs.from june 1980 through may 1982, 161 pound-source dogs that developed diarrhea while being used in research were evaluated to determine whether canine parvovirus (cpv) type 2 was the etiologic agent. evaluation included notation of clinical signs, determination of serum cpv-specific immunoglobulin (ig) m and igg titers, virus isolation attempts, and histologic examination of tissues. criteria for diagnosis of canine parvoviral enteritis were serum cpv-specific igm antibodies, isolation of cpv fr ...19846092314
comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, dna hybridization, hemagglutination, and electron microscopy for detection of canine parvovirus infections.canine fecal samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) by using monoclonal antibodies to the canine parvovirus hemagglutinating protein. these data were compared with results obtained with dna hybridization assays, hemagglutination assays, and electron microscopy. the highest correlation was observed between the elisa and the hemagglutination tests, with 94.4% of samples showing agreement. lower correlation was obtained between elisa and dna hybridization tests (73.3%). ...19846092425
comparative studies of physicochemical and biological properties between canine parvovirus and feline panleukopenia virus. 19846092760
fecal examinations for diagnosis of canine parvovirus infection. 19846092763
spontaneous deletions and duplications of sequences in the genome of cowpox virus.examination of the genomes of 10 white-pock variants of cowpox virus strain brighton red (cpv-br) revealed that 9 of them had lost 32 to 38 kilobase pairs (kbp) from their right-hand ends and that the deleted sequences had been replaced by inverted copies of regions from 21 to 50 kbp long from the left-hand end of the genome. these variants thus possess inverted terminal repeats (itrs) from 21 to 50 kbp long; all are longer than the itrs of cpv-br (10 kbp). the 10th variant is a simple deletion ...19846093123
canine parvovirus enteritis 2: pathogenesis.two groups of puppies, eight and 10 weeks of age, were inoculated orally with canine parvovirus of faecal origin. the patterns of faecal excretion of virus, antibody production and systemic viral localisation following inoculation were studied. faecal excretion of virus was first apparent at day 3 after inoculation, was present most frequently and in greatest quantity at days 4 to 7 after inoculation and fell sharply thereafter. serum antibody was first detected at day 5 after inoculation with h ...19846095514
structural polypeptides of a canine parvovirus: study by immunoadsorption and sequential analysis of infected cells. brief report.the sequential appearance of three polypeptides, molecular weights (mw) 67,000, 70,000, 85,000 in cells infected with canine parvovirus (cpv) was studied by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the viral origin of three polypeptides was confirmed by immunoadsorption using a specific antiserum, and polypeptides of similar mw were also demonstrated in purified cpv virions. a further polypeptide of mw 50,000 was also present in both infected cell extracts and purified virus. ...19846095792
seroprevalence of canine parvovirus in wild coyotes from texas, utah, and idaho (1972 to 1983).the prevalence of serum antibodies against canine parvovirus-2 (cpv-2), as measured by a standard hemagglutination-inhibition test, was determined in serum samples collected from 1,184 coyotes (canis latrans) in texas, utah, and idaho from 1972 to 1983. no evidence of parvoviral infection was found before 1979, after which seroprevalence rapidly increased to greater than 70% at all sites by 1982. there were minor differences in prevalence between age groups and among sites, but no consistent dif ...19846096323
experimental infection of canine parvovirus in specific pathogen-free cats. 19846096616
canine parvovirus enteritis 3: scanning electron microscopical features of experimental infection.a group of 10-week-old puppies was orally inoculated with canine parvovirus of faecal origin. scanning electron microscopy was used to study and compare the surface topography in both control and inoculated animals. in control dogs the villi were tall and finger-like in shape and numerous irregular transverse circumferential grooves were present on the surface. at higher magnification, the outlines of individual epithelial cells and depressions, interpreted as goblet cells, could be discerned. i ...19846097019
the use of tissue culture for routine diagnosis of canine parvovirus infection. 19846097067
rapid detection of canine parvovirus in feces using monoclonal antibodies and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.monoclonal antibodies were used to develop a double antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of canine parvovirus (cpv) antigen in fecal samples. the assay was specific for the hemagglutinating protein of cpv and detected as little as 1.5 ng of virus within a 15-minute incubation period. the use of monoclonal antibodies against 2 epitopes on the cpv antigen permitted the simultaneous addition of test sample and enzyme-conjugated antibody, thus considerably simplifying the man ...19846098198
the seroprevalence of canine parvovirus-2 in a selected sample of the canine population in ontario.canine sera, collected from dogs presented to the ontario veterinary college between 1976 and 1980, were assessed for canine parvovirus-2 antibody using a microtitre hemagglutination-inhibition test. special emphasis was made on the period from september 1979 to october 1980 (2892 samples). no antibody was detected in samples collected in 1976 or 1977. the first positive sera were obtained in january 1978. by the end of 1978 antibodies to canine parvovirus-2 were widespread in ontario dogs and i ...198417422418
multiplication of canine parvovirus in crfk cells. 19853981845
clinical disorders observed in a beagle breeding colony.disorders in a beagle breeding colony were discussed, based on 472 clinical charts made in 1974-1983. in 201 neonates less than a week old, hypothermia associated with pneumonia was mostly seen. in 31 puppies from one week to two months old and in 46 young dogs from two months to a year old, pneumonia, canine parvovirus infection, dermal abscess and dermatosis were mostly found. in 91 dogs aged from one to five, trauma, intervertebral disc protrusion, dermal abscess, dystocia, claudication and o ...19853987822
nucleotide sequence of the coat protein gene of canine parvovirus.the nucleotide sequence of the canine parvovirus (cpv2) from map units 33 to 95 has been determined. this includes the entire coat protein gene and noncoding sequences at the 3' end of the gene, exclusive of the terminal inverted repeat. the predicted capsid protein structures are discussed and compared with those of the rodent parvoviruses h-1 and mvm.19853989914
canine parvovirus vaccination. 19854049686
natural variation of canine parvovirus.canine parvovirus was first recognized during 1978. analysis of isolates collected since its emergence revealed that viruses circulating after 1980 were antigenically different from earlier isolates. monoclonal antibodies clearly distinguished the two strains, some being specific for either the old or the new viruses. restriction enzyme analysis of viral dna's showed that the post-1980 viruses were similar to earlier isolates, but some restriction site differences were present in the new strain. ...19854059921
isolation and identification of caliciviruses from dogs with enteric infections.caliciviruses were isolated from 7 dogs and 1 captured coyote with enteritis. there was a high fatality rate in dogs 4 to 16 weeks of age. the occurrence in these dogs of concurrent infection with known enteric pathogens such as salmonella sp, canine parvovirus, canine coronavirus, and canine rotavirus did not allow making any conclusions regarding the pathogenicity of this newly recognized calicivirus. the caliciviruses were characterized by electron microscopy and were further identified as be ...19852982299
pathogenesis of canine parvovirus enteritis: the importance of viremia.the clinical signs, hematologic changes, serum and fecal virus titers, specific antibody production and the occurrence of histologic lesions were studied in 22 nine-week-old seronegative beagle dogs inoculated by the oral and intravenous route with canine parvovirus. approximately 30% of the dogs had clinical signs of pyrexia, depression, vomiting, and diarrhea irrespective of the route of inoculation. events in the dogs inoculated intravenously preceded those in dogs inoculated orally by approx ...19852983478
pathogenesis of canine parvovirus-2 in dogs: haematology, serology and virus recovery.the pathogenesis of canine parvovirus-2 (cpv-2) was studied in orally inoculated conventional dogs using haematological, serological and virological techniques. virus was first isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes on day 2 after exposure, tonsil on day 3 and small intestine on day 3. viraemia occurred subsequently and was present in most dogs on days 4 and 5 after exposure. cpv-2 could be isolated from all tissues during viraemia. relative pyrexia, lymphopenia and neutropenia occurred on days 5, ...19852988089
pathogenesis of canine parvovirus-2 in dogs: histopathology and antigen identification in tissues.the pathogenesis of canine parvovirus-2 was studied in orally inoculated conventional dogs using histopathological and peroxidase anti-peroxidase staining techniques. lymphoid necrosis and depletion of lymphocytes from lymphoid tissues were most notable on days 5 and 6 after exposure. lymphocyte hyperplasia occurred following day 7. epithelial cell changes in segments of the small intestine were more severe on days 6 to 9 after exposure in areas associated with peyer's patches and in the upper s ...19852988090
rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibodies to canine parvovirus.a rapid screening assay for determining antibodies to canine parvovirus in dog serum using monoclonal antibodies and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) technology was developed. the elisa could be read visually, and the results correlated well with serum neutralization (sn) and hemagglutination inhibition (hi) titers. sera with sn less than or equal to 1:4 or hi less than or equal to 1:10 had an 87.9% correlation with elisa and sera with sn greater than or equal to 1:64 or hi greater than ...19852990264
generalized parvovirus infection with inclusion-body myocarditis in two kittens.two 13-day-old kittens showed a disease characterized by degeneration, inflammatory response and inclusion bodies in intestine, liver and in one case the myocardium. inclusions contained typical parvovirus particles. either a generalized parvovirus infection by the causal agent of feline panleukopenia or an infection due to an unknown parvovirus is considered a possible cause of the disease. a possible relationship of the agent to canine parvovirus is also considered.19852993376
canine parvovirus infection demonstrated by immunofluorescence. 19852996261
serologic evaluation of vaccinated american river otters.the oklahoma department of wildlife conservation acquired 20 american river otters (lutra canadensis) between 1984 and 1985 for reintroduction into oklahoma waterways. in 1985, 10 otters were evaluated for serum antibody titers after vaccination with canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type 2, canine parvovirus (cpv), feline panleukopenia virus (fpv), feline rhinotracheitis virus (frv), and feline calicivirus. prevaccination serum-virus neutralization (svn) antibody to feline rhinotracheit ...19853001000
pathogenesis of canine parvovirus enteritis: sequential virus distribution and passive immunization studies.after oral inoculation, the sequential distribution of canine parvovirus was studied in 14 nine-week-old seronegative beagle dogs. two or three dogs were necropsied on days 1 through 6 after inoculation. tissues were collected for virus isolation, immunofluorescence testing, and light microscopy. virus was isolated from, and fluorescent cells were seen in the tonsil, retropharyngeal and mesenteric lymph nodes one and two days after inoculation. virus infection of systemic and intestinal lymphoid ...19853001996
breed-related risk factors for canine parvovirus enteritis.case records of 305 dogs with canine parvovirus (cpv) enteritis, seen at the veterinary hospital of the university of pennsylvania from july 1, 1981 to aug 31, 1982, were selected on the basis of admitting diagnoses or signs of diarrhea and vomiting. the case records were subdivided into 3 diagnostic categories, based on final diagnoses and laboratory test results. there were 96 dogs with definite cpv enteritis, 139 with possible cpv enteritis, and 70 with unlikely cpv enteritis. these cases wer ...19853003015
canine parvovirus infection in wolves (canis lupus) from minnesota. 19863005665
latex agglutination test for detecting feline panleukopenia virus, canine parvovirus, and parvoviruses of fur animals.a latex agglutination (la) test for the detection of parvoviruses of fur animals, cats, and dogs was developed, and its sensitivity and specificity were compared with those of hemagglutination (ha) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). tissue culture isolation was used to confirm the specificity results. fecal samples from various sources were tested, including specimens from raccoon dogs and mink which were experimentally infected with parvoviruses by oral exposure. la compared fav ...19863007568
canine parvovirus: development of immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques.two methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence (ifa) and immunoperoxidase (pap) were used to demonstrate canine parvovirus (cpv) antigens in sections of canine tissue. specific staining using ifa and pap was successful only in sections of fresh frozen tissue and formalin fixed/formol sublimate postfixed tissues respectively. a range of tissues was then taken at post mortem examination from a puppy which had been experimentally infected with cpv. upon comparison, pap staining gave high re ...19863010412
unusual characteristics of a parvovirus isolated from a clinically ill steer.a parvovirus was isolated from the feces of an 8- and 9-month-old steer that died acutely with hemorrhagic diarrhea and microscopic evidence of a coccidial infection. the concurrent intestinal parasitism in this steer appeared to play a role in the development of clinical disease. the viral isolate was identified as a bovine parvovirus (bpv) on the basis of its size (22 nm) and icosahedral morphology, the neutralization of viral cytopathology by antiserum to bpv, a strong immunofluorescent react ...19863010550
observations on the use of an inactivated canine parvovirus vaccine.data are presented on studies of field and experimental use of a formalin-inactivated canine parvovirus vaccine. there was an absolute correlation between a single successful vaccination and subsequent protection against clinical disease. unsuccessful vaccinations were consistently associated with the presence of maternal antibody at the time of vaccination. the vaccine induced an antibody response within two days and anamnestic responses within 24 hours. it is suggested that a single successful ...19863012850
canine parvovirus: environmental effects on infectivity.effects of various environments on the infectivity of canine parvovirus-2 (cpv-2) were studied. when cpv-2 was subjected to several controlled indoor environments, the virus remained infective at approximate initial inoculation amount (median tissue culture infective dose [tcid50] = 10(5.5)/ml) for 12 months at temperatures less than -20 c, decreased to tcid50 of 10(2.3)/ml by 12 months at 4 c, and had a tcid50 of less than 10(1)/ml at room temperature (20 c) or higher in less than 2 months. the ...19863017161
growth of feline panleukopenia virus and canine parvovirus in vitro. 19863020296
[canine parvovirus infection in dogs: a consideration].the current knowledge of canine parvovirus (cpv) and the clinical symptoms associated with cpv infection within seven years after the first outbreaks of the disease are reviewed in the present paper. the most important symptoms result from the occurrence of acute enteritis and/or acute myocarditis. besides characteristics of the virus, symptoms of disease and (histo)pathological findings, particular attention is focussed on recent developments in diagnosis and prevention. a protocol for the prev ...19863020734
biological and physical comparison of mink enteritis virus feline panleukopenia virus and canine parvovirus. 19863023731
monoclonal antibodies. clinical uses and potential.an overview of monoclonal antibody technology and some examples of its relevance to veterinary medicine are presented in this article. a technical description of the generation of immune spleen cells and hybridization is included. feline leukemia, canine parvovirus, and their respective diseases are included as examples of cases in which monoclonal antibodies can be applied in the diagnosis and characterization of these diseases and their etiologic agent.19863024378
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for single serum diagnosis of canine parvovirus disease. 19863024382
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