Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| autoimmunity in spontaneous myasthenia gravis in dogs. | spontaneous canine myasthenia gravis (mg) mimics the human disease in almost every respect. both dogs reported here exhibited the autoantibodies characteristic of mg, i.e., anti-acetylcholine receptor (anti-achr) and antistriational (astr). fluctuations in the anti-achr titer during spontaneous remission and recurrence of mg in one dog provide support for the concept of a symptomatic threshold titer above which anti-achr must rise before disease signs develop. the increase in the anti-achr titer ... | 1984 | 6325059 |
| inconsistency with parvovirus study. | 1984 | 6330520 | |
| characterization of antigenic variation among mink enteritis virus isolates. | three antigenic forms of natural field isolates of mink enteritis virus were revealed with a panel of monoclonal antibodies generated against the closely studied feline panleukopenia virus and canine parvovirus-2 virus. two types (types 2 and 3) were shown to be closely related by agar-gel precipitin tests and by restriction enzyme mapping. however, types 2 and 3 differed from the type 1 isolates in the same tests. in cross-protection studies, inactivated viral vaccines made from any one of the ... | 1984 | 6084433 |
| role of neutrophils in production of early enteritis after oral infection with feline infectious peritonitis virus in passively sensitized kittens. | 1984 | 6090746 | |
| comparative studies of physicochemical and biological properties between canine parvovirus and feline panleukopenia virus. | 1984 | 6092760 | |
| [rapid serological diagnosis of parvovirus infection in dogs. fluorescent serological demonstration of virus-specific igm antibodies]. | rapid diagnostic assay described comprises examination of a single serum sample of the ill dog using indirect immunofluorescence test. the procedure lasts about two hours. the finding of virus-specific humoral igm antibodies serves as evidence for an acute parvovirus infection. 84 dogs presented as patients with enteritis were examined with this method, 48 of them were seropositive for igm antibodies. | 1984 | 6093285 |
| recovery of viral agents from the central nervous system of cats. | isolation of viruses from the central nervous system (cns) of cats was attempted using an explant culture technique and subsequent co-cultivation with crandell feline kidney (crfk) or vero cells. feline syncytia-forming virus was isolated from the cns of 11 of 16 cats where the initial co-cultivation was with crfk cells. feline panleucopaenia virus was isolated from the cns of 2 adult cats. co-cultured cells from the cns of 3 cats contained eosinophilic cytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions. t ... | 1984 | 6093335 |
| in vitro studies on feline panleucopaenia virus. standardisation of haemagglutination-inhibition test for feline panleucopaenia virus antibody. | standardised procedure for obtaining reproducible haemagglutination-inhibition results for fpv antibody which correlate with serum-neutralization titres was described. optimal conditions were found to be alsevers anticoagulant, pbs/0.05% bsa (ph 6.8) as buffer, especially washed round bottom microplates, determination of maximally sensitive porcine erythrocytes, use of reproducible erythrocyte concentrations, inactivation of serum samples at 56 degrees c for 30 min and serum treatment with koali ... | 1984 | 6099788 |
| much of the increased igg in aleutian disease of mink is viral antibody. | aleutian disease (ad) is caused by a persistent infection of mink with an autonomous parvovirus. chronically infected mink develop widespread plasmacytosis, a marked elevation of their serum igg, and immune complex disease. a substantial fraction of the igg in the serum of mink with aleutian disease may be specifically absorbed by monolayer cell cultures infected with aleutian disease virus. the maximum percentage of absorption of igg found was 81% in a mink with 5.4 g/dl of igg. mink with the m ... | 1984 | 6100982 |
| feline panleukopenia virus replicates in cells in which cellular dna synthesis is blocked. | the components of the cell cycle for a feline embryo cell line were defined. thymidine (6mm)-supplemented medium reversibly arrested cells 1 h into the s phase of the cell cycle and was used in a double blocking procedure to synchronize cells to the early s phase. the kinetics of feline panleukopenia virus replication in synchronized cells was studied by using (i) inclusion body formation, (ii) a plaque assay for cell-associated and cell-free virus under one-step growth conditions, (iii) an enzy ... | 1985 | 2982022 |
| parvovirus (feline panleucopaenia virus) plaque formation. | a plaque assay was developed for feline parvovirus (fpv; feline panleucopaenia virus) in a feline embryo (femb) cell line. higher numbers and larger diameter plaques were obtained with a) seeding rates of 0.7 x 10(5) and 1.5 x 10(5) cells cf. 3 x 10(5) and 6 x 10(5) cells/well of 35 mm diameter, b) synchronised cells infected at the g1-s interface cf. nonsynchronised cells and c) 5 to 6 days incubation post inoculation. the plaque assay was standardised by using serum deprivation for 24 hours to ... | 1985 | 2986580 |
| rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibodies to canine parvovirus. | a rapid screening assay for determining antibodies to canine parvovirus in dog serum using monoclonal antibodies and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) technology was developed. the elisa could be read visually, and the results correlated well with serum neutralization (sn) and hemagglutination inhibition (hi) titers. sera with sn less than or equal to 1:4 or hi less than or equal to 1:10 had an 87.9% correlation with elisa and sera with sn greater than or equal to 1:64 or hi greater than ... | 1985 | 2990264 |
| cloning and sequence of dna encoding structural proteins of the autonomous parvovirus feline panleukopenia virus. | approximately 80% of the genome of feline panleukopenia virus was cloned into pbr322. this dna included the transcription unit for the major viral mrna species. the nucleotide sequence of the cloned portion of the genome was determined. comparison of the feline panleukopenia virus sequence with the sequences of the parvoviruses minute virus of mice and h-1 revealed considerable homology between the three viruses on both the nucleic acid and protein levels. based on this homology, a model for the ... | 1985 | 2991581 |
| evaluation of tri-combinant vaccine for feline herpesvirus, calicivirus and panleukopenia virus infections in japanese native cats. | tri-combinant vaccine consisting of attenuated feline herpesvirus (fhv) and feline calicivirus (fcv) and inactivated feline panleukopenia virus (fplv), were evaluated for safety and efficacy, using japanese native cats and the viral strains isolated in japan. thirty-eight 9- to 12-week-old kittens were inoculated intramuscularly and subcutaneously with the vaccine. consequently, no adverse reaction was found, and protective efficacy was confirmed by challenge tests with the virulent strains of e ... | 1985 | 2998830 |
| the structural proteins of the autonomous parvovirus feline panleukopenia virus. | approximately 80% of the genome of feline panleukopenia virus was cloned into the plasmid pbr322. the entire 3943 nucleotide sequence of the cloned portion of fpv was determined. this dna includes the gene which codes for the structural proteins of the virus. portions of this gene were expressed in e. coli as fusion proteins with bacterial proteins. some of the fusion proteins were capable of raising neutralizing antibodies in guinea pigs. through the use of deletion mapping, monoclonal antibodi ... | 1985 | 3000149 |
| serologic evaluation of vaccinated american river otters. | the oklahoma department of wildlife conservation acquired 20 american river otters (lutra canadensis) between 1984 and 1985 for reintroduction into oklahoma waterways. in 1985, 10 otters were evaluated for serum antibody titers after vaccination with canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type 2, canine parvovirus (cpv), feline panleukopenia virus (fpv), feline rhinotracheitis virus (frv), and feline calicivirus. prevaccination serum-virus neutralization (svn) antibody to feline rhinotracheit ... | 1985 | 3001000 |
| latex agglutination test for detecting feline panleukopenia virus, canine parvovirus, and parvoviruses of fur animals. | a latex agglutination (la) test for the detection of parvoviruses of fur animals, cats, and dogs was developed, and its sensitivity and specificity were compared with those of hemagglutination (ha) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). tissue culture isolation was used to confirm the specificity results. fecal samples from various sources were tested, including specimens from raccoon dogs and mink which were experimentally infected with parvoviruses by oral exposure. la compared fav ... | 1986 | 3007568 |
| growth of feline panleukopenia virus and canine parvovirus in vitro. | 1986 | 3020296 | |
| detection of mink enteritis virus in mink feces, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, hemagglutination, and electron microscopy. | twenty-five mink were inoculated with mink enteritis virus (mev). fecal specimens were collected daily and were simultaneously evaluated for mev antigen by use of a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), hemagglutination (ha), and electron microscopy. results of the evaluations indicated that mev was shed in the feces on postinoculation days 5 and 6. the virus was not detectable by elisa or ha after postinoculation day 6, although viruses were found in reduced numbers by use of electr ... | 1986 | 3021033 |
| biological and physical comparison of mink enteritis virus feline panleukopenia virus and canine parvovirus. | 1986 | 3023731 | |
| antigenic relationships among autonomous parvoviruses. | the antigenic relatedness of minute virus of mice (mvm), kilham rat virus (kr), h-1 virus (h-1), haemorrhagic encephalopathy of rats virus (her), porcine parvovirus (ppv), canine parvovirus (cpv), feline panleukopenia virus (fpv), goose parvovirus (gpv) and bovine parvovirus (bpv) was studied by immunofluorescence microscopy (fa) and by serum neutralization (sn). an antigenically related group comprising mvm, kr, her, ppv, cpv and fpv was recognized by fa and most reactions within the group were ... | 1986 | 2432167 |
| complete nucleotide sequence and genome organization of bovine parvovirus. | we determined the complete nucleotide sequence of bovine parvovirus (bpv), an autonomous parvovirus. the sequence is 5,491 nucleotides long. the terminal regions contain nonidentical imperfect palindromic sequences of 150 and 121 nucleotides. in the plus strand, there are three large open reading frames (left orf, mid orf, and right orf) with coding capacities of 729, 255, and 685 amino acids, respectively. as with all parvoviruses studied to date, the left orf of bpv codes for the nonstructural ... | 1986 | 3783814 |
| clinical, hematological, and pathological findings in specific pathogen-free cats experimentally infected with feline panleukopenia virus. | 1987 | 3573491 | |
| a nonstructural protein of feline panleukopenia virus: expression in escherichia coli and detection of multiple forms in infected cells. | sequences coding for the nonstructural protein ns1 of the autonomous parvovirus feline panleukopenia virus were expressed in escherichia coli as fusion proteins. the fusion proteins were specifically bound by antisera from canine parvovirus-infected dogs. antisera against one of the fusion proteins bound to several proteins found only in feline panleukopenia virus-infected feline cells. | 1987 | 3027392 |
| comparison of porcine parvovirus to other parvoviruses by restriction site mapping and hybridization analysis of southern blots. | the genomic relationship between porcine parvovirus (ppv) and several other autonomous parvoviruses was examined by restriction site and hybridization analysis. restriction site maps of the ppv genome were prepared by digesting the double-stranded replicative form of the viral dna with each of eight restriction enzymes. subsequent comparison of such maps with those previously reported for ppv, canine parvovirus (cpv), feline panleukopenia virus (fpv), minute virus of mice (mvm), h-1 virus (h-1) ... | 1987 | 3029312 |
| preliminary development of a live attenuated canine parvovirus vaccine from an isolate of british origin. | canine parvovirus isolated from a case of haemorrhagic enteritis in a breeding kennel in england was passaged and cloned in cultured feline and canine cells. no significant evidence of pathogenicity was found during six serial passages of the modified virus back through young dogs. the attenuated virus was excreted by inoculated animals and spread rapidly to uninoculated animals held in contact. when high titre attenuated virus was given to the six-week-old offspring of a seropositive dam a prom ... | 1987 | 3035779 |
| parvovirus-induced regression of canine transmissible venereal sarcoma. | in 1981, during the worldwide canine parvovirus (pv) epizootic, canine transmissible venereal sarcomas growing in beagles in a colony regressed earlier than expected after the dogs became infected with pv. subsequent studies revealed that modified-live pv vaccine (feline panleukopenia virus) was capable of preventing tumor transplantation when the vaccine was inoculated simultaneously with the tumor in a site distant from the implantation site. however, the pv vaccine had no effect if it was ino ... | 1987 | 3035973 |
| the propagation of feline panleukopenia virus in micro-carrier cell culture and use of the inactivated virus in the protection of mink against viral enteritis. | using microcarrier cell culture for the production of virus antigen, a formalin-inactivated feline panleukopenia virus vaccine was evaluated for protection of mink against specific mink enteritis virus infection. the vaccine showed a good immunogenic effect in mink when used either alone or in combination with clostridium botulinum type c-toxoid and/or pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine. a single vaccination induced persistent immune responses for periods of at least 1 year, as evaluated by elisa an ... | 1987 | 3037766 |
| virus and virus-like particles in the faeces of cats with and without diarrhoea. | negative staining electron microscopy was used to identify viruses in 166 normal and 62 diarrhoeal faecal samples from 208 cats admitted to an animal shelter during a 16-month period (march 1984 to june 1985). on the basis of size and shape 7 distinct viral types were detected: 24 nm parvovirus-like particles, 30 nm astrovirus, 30 nm picornavirus-like particles, reovirus, rotavirus, coronavirus and a 75 nm "togavirus-like" particle. the incidence of these particles in the 208 cats was 11%, 7%, 6 ... | 1987 | 3039960 |
| comparisons of feline panleukopenia virus, canine parvovirus, raccoon parvovirus, and mink enteritis virus and their pathogenicity for mink and ferrets. | parvoviruses from mink (mink enteritis virus [mev]), cats (feline panleukopenia virus [fpv]), raccoons (raccoon parvovirus [rpv]), and dogs (canine parvovirus [cpv]) were compared. restriction enzyme analysis of the viral replicative-form dna revealed no consistent differences between fpv and rpv isolates, but cpv and mev isolates could be distinguished readily from other virus types. feline panleukopenia virus, rpv, and mev, but not cpv, replicated to high titers in mink. however, on the first ... | 1987 | 2823648 |
| [the growth of attenuated strains of canine parvovirus, mink enteritis virus, feline panleukopenia virus, and rabies virus on various types of cell cultures]. | the growth characteristics were studied in the attenuated strains of canine parvovirus cpva-bn 80/82, mink enteritis virus meva-bn 63/82 and feline panleucopenia virus fpva-bn 110/83 on the stable feline kidney cell line fe, and in the attenuated canine distemper virus cdv-f-bn 10/83 on chicken embryo cell cultures (keb) and cultures of the stable cell line vero. when the fe cultures were infected with different parvoviruses in cell suspension at moi 2-4 tkid50 per cell, the first multiplication ... | 1987 | 2827364 |
| a solid-phase fluorescent immunoassay for detecting canine or mink enteritis parvoviruses in faecal samples. | mink enteritis virus (mev) and canine parvovirus (cpv) were detected in faecal samples from experimentally or naturally infected minks and dogs, respectively, using antibody-coated polyacrylamide beads (immunobeads, ib) as the solid phase for immunofluorescence (if) tests. the specificity and sensitivity of the immunobead assay (iba) were studied by comparing it with an enzyme-linked immunoassay (elisa), a haemagglutination (ha) test and an if test using tissue cultures. the iba was as sensitive ... | 1987 | 2830702 |
| antibody and cell mediated immune responses to an inactivated feline panleukopenia virus vaccine. | 1987 | 2830741 | |
| effect of diethylcarbamazine on serum antibodies to feline infectious peritonitis in cats. | in preceding studies by the author, use of the immunomodulator drug diethylcarbamazine resulted in the detection of antibodies to feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen in nine feline leukaemia virus infected cats that had previously given negative results to this antibody. in the present report, seven diethylcarbamazine-treated cats developed higher serum antibody titres to feline infectious peritonitis more frequently than did seven untreated controls. since feline infectious per ... | 1988 | 2833042 |
| feline interleukin 1 production induced by feline infectious peritonitis virus. | 1988 | 2834596 | |
| a titration method of feline infectious peritonitis virus using immunoperoxidase antibody. | 1988 | 2834597 | |
| feline panleucopenia--in vivo infectivity studies. | feline panleucopenia virus was separated into "full" and "empty" particles by banding in caesium chloride ultracentrifugation. field cats free of serum neutralising antibodies were separately infected with "full", "empty" and "mixed" particles of the virus. no clinical disease was produced. however, cats infected with "full" particles developed antibody more rapidly than cats infected with the other particles. | 1988 | 2836989 |
| characterization of biological and antigenic properties of raccoon dog and blue fox parvoviruses: a monoclonal antibody study. | parvovirus isolates from blue foxes and raccoon dogs were characterized by studying their haemagglutination properties, host range in vitro and antigenic structure. in all 3 characters, raccoon dog parvovirus resembled canine parvovirus (cpv), while blue fox parvovirus was similar to mink enteritis virus (mev). monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were prepared against both viruses. raccoon dog parvovirus, while resembling cpv, had a unique antigenic site which could be specified by mabs. the pattern of ... | 1988 | 2836994 |
| canine host range and a specific epitope map along with variant sequences in the capsid protein gene of canine parvovirus and related feline, mink, and raccoon parvoviruses. | canine parvovirus (cpv) is a recently recognized pathogen of dogs that is similar to the long-recognized feline, mink, and raccoon parvoviruses. relationships between the viruses determined from dna sequences of the capsid protein genes of 10 virus isolates showed the cpv isolates to be closely related to the other viruses, although comprising a distinct group. no immediate ancestor of cpv was observed amongst the mink, cat, or raccoon viruses examined. three different directly repeated sequence ... | 1988 | 3176341 |
| canine parvovirus: strain difference in haemagglutination activity and antigenicity. | canine parvovirus (cpv) strains were compared for haemagglutination (ha) activity and antigenicity and were divided into two types by ha activity. strains cp49 and 29-f showed temperature-dependent ha, like feline panleukopenia virus (fplv) and mink enteritis virus (mev), whereas strains sp-80 and y-1 showed temperature-independent ha with erythrocytes from eight species of animals. the results of a cross ha inhibition test using immunized rat sera suggested that of the two types of cpv those sh ... | 1988 | 3339330 |
| [electron microscopy in the diagnosis of enteritis in cats]. | over a five-year period (1981-1985) 346 faecal and intestinal samples of cats affected with diarrhoea were studied by electron microscopy. this method revealed the presence of virus in 144 out of 346 (41.6 per cent) samples studied. 117 (81.3 per cent) of these samples contained parvoviruses which were identified by using a specific immune serum (immuno electron microscopy). in addition, rotaviruses (two samples), coronaviruses (thirteen samples), coronavirus-like (ten samples) and picornavirus- ... | 1989 | 2539659 |
| regulated expression of the feline panleukopenia virus p38 promoter on extrachromosomal fpv/ebv chimeric plasmids. | feline panleukopenia virus/epstein-barr virus (fpv/ebv) chimeric expression plasmids were constructed to study regulation of the structural protein gene of the parvovirus, fpv, in a homologous cell culture system. detection and quantitation of activity from the native fpv promoter, p38, was facilitated by fusing the escherichia coli lacz gene with the fpv structural protein gene. feline cell lines which stably maintained these plasmids extrachromosomally were established. constitutive beta-galac ... | 1989 | 2542586 |
| comparison of feline parvovirus subspecific strains using monoclonal antibodies against a feline panleukopenia virus. | four monoclonal antibodies (mab) against a feline panleukopenia virus (fplv) tu 1 strain, one of the host range variants of feline parvovirus (fpv), were produced and applied for antigenic analysis of fplv, canine parvovirus (cpv) and mink enteritis virus (mev). all mabs were considered to be directed at epitopes on the virus capsid surface because they neutralized the infectivity and inhibited the hemagglutination (ha) of the homologous virus as well as other fpv strains. they were of the mouse ... | 1989 | 2544758 |
| feline parvovirus propagates in cat bone marrow cultures and inhibits hematopoietic colony formation in vitro. | feline parvovirus (fpv) causes leukopenia in naturally infected cats. we investigated the mechanism of hematopoietic depression by this virus in feline bone marrow cultured in vitro. in suspension cultures we demonstrated fpv propagation and replication using dna molecular hybridization. viral rna and dna were observed by in situ hybridization in about 10% of marrow cells at day 3. granulocytes and their precursors were virtually absent from infected cultures after six days. infected cells showe ... | 1989 | 2546625 |
| inhibitory effects of ribavirin alone or combined with human alpha interferon on feline infectious peritonitis virus replication in vitro. | the antiviral activities of ribavirin (1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide; virazole), either alone or in combination with recombinant human leukocyte (alpha) interferon (rhuifn-alpha), were evaluated against feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) in feline kidney-cell cultures. the 50% inhibitory dose (id50) of ribavirin for uninfected, rapidly dividing cells was approximately 17 micrograms ml-1 whereas the id50 for fipv was 2.5 micrograms ml-1. the therapeutic index (ti) of ... | 1989 | 2549687 |
| porcine parvovirus: dna sequence and genome organization. | we have determined the nucleotide sequence of an almost full-length clone of porcine parvovirus (ppv). the sequence is 4973 nucleotides (nt) long. the 3' end of virion dna shows a y-shaped configuration homologous to rodent parvoviruses. the 5' end of virion dna shows a repetition of 127 nt at the carboxy terminus of the capsid proteins. the overall organization of the ppv genome is similar to those of other autonomous parvoviruses. there are two large open reading frames (orfs) that almost enti ... | 1989 | 2794971 |
| establishment and characterization of canine parvovirus-specific murine cd4+ t cell clones and their use for the delineation of t cell epitopes. | canine parvovirus (cpv)-specific t cell clones were generated by culturing lymph node cells from cpv-immunized balb/c mice at limiting dilutions in the presence of cpv antigen and interleukin-2 (il-2). all isolated t cell clones exhibited the cell surface phenotype thy1+, cd4+, cd8- and proliferated specifically in response to cpv antigen. after stimulation with cpv antigen in culture the t cell clones produced il-2 and proliferated in the absence of exogenous il-2. naive mice to which cpv-speci ... | 1990 | 1693162 |
| [experiences with a new cat coryza-panleukopenia-rabies combined vaccine]. | the development of a new combined vaccine against cat flu, panleukopenia and rabies should lead to a simplification of the vaccination calendar in small animal practice. in order to judge the suitability of the new vaccine, its efficacy, local tolerability, and safety were evaluated. all vaccinated cats developed high antibody titres against herpes-, calici-, panleukopenia- and rabies virus that persisted well during the trial of 18 months. in comparison to other vaccines containing a smaller nu ... | 1990 | 1964252 |
| serological survey of the iriomote cat (felis iriomotensis) in japan. | the iriomote cat (felis iriomotensis) was first discovered on iriomote island in the yaeyama islands of japan in 1965. ten male and 11 female adult cats were captured during the 6 yr period from 1983 to 1988. these were examined for evidence of viral and mycoplasmal infections. neither mycoplasma sp. nor ureaplasma sp. were detected in swab samples of oropharyngeal and urogenital regions. a foamy virus was isolated from the oropharyngeal swab of a female cat examined in 1988. feline leukemia vir ... | 1990 | 2110982 |
| nucleotide sequence of feline panleukopenia virus: comparison with canine parvovirus identifies host-specific differences. | the nucleotide sequence of feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) strain 193 was determined and compared with the sequence of canine parvovirus (cpv) strain n and partial sequences of fpv strain carl and cpv strain b. base differences were identified at 115 positions in these 5.1 kb genomes and predicted amino acid differences occurred at 40 positions. the two overlapping capsid protein genes contained almost twice as many base differences as the single non-structural protein gene (49 compared to 26) ... | 1990 | 2174965 |
| construction and nucleotide sequence analysis of an infectious dna clone of the autonomous parvovirus, mink enteritis virus. | we have cloned the replicative form (rf-) dna of mink enteritis virus (mev), constructed an infectious recombinant plasmid containing mev dna and determined the nucleotide sequence of the cloned mev dna. rf-dnas were detected and infectious virus was generated when the recombinant plasmid containing the entire mev genome was introduced into feline kidney cell cultures. the mev genome was 5094 nucleotides (nt) in length; the 3' end of the virion strand contained a 205 nt palindromic sequence and ... | 1991 | 2016597 |
| [the fip-titer (feline infectious peritonitis)]. | 1991 | 1848954 | |
| mapping specific functions in the capsid structure of canine parvovirus and feline panleukopenia virus using infectious plasmid clones. | dna sequences between 0 and 98.8 genome map units (m.u.) from canine parvovirus (cpv) and feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) were cloned into plasmid vectors to form infectious molecular clones. those plasmids were transfected into permissive cells and viruses recovered were shown to contain intact genomes, having regenerated the complete viral 5' ends up to 100 m.u. the viruses derived from the plasmids were compared to the original viruses, and shown to be indistinguishable in antigenic type, he ... | 1991 | 1647068 |
| antigenic and genomic comparisons of some feline parvovirus subspecies strains. | fourteen feline parvovirus (fpv) strains isolated from cats, mink and dogs were comparatively examined on their antigenic and genetic diversities by using monoclonal antibodies against feline panleukopenia virus (fplv) and restriction enzyme analysis of viral dna. mink enteritis virus (mev) strains recently isolated in the northeastern area of the people's republic of china were found to possess more similar antigenic and genetic properties to the antigenic variant virus of canine parvovirus (cp ... | 1991 | 1649516 |
| antibody response of captive cheetahs to modified-live feline virus vaccine. | the antibody response of cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) to modified live virus vaccine against feline panleukopenia (fplv), herpes (fhv) and calici (fcv) viruses was assessed by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). in the first year of study, 82 cheetahs were bled pre-vaccination. of these, antibody levels to fplv were found in 100% of the animals. only 54% were found to have antibodies to fhv and 99% had antibodies to fcv. one month after booster vaccination with the same vaccine ... | 1991 | 1661784 |
| proteins specified by swine transmissible gastroenteritis virus: identification of non-structural proteins by two-dimensional electrophoresis. | four virus-induced non-structural proteins with apparent molecular weights of 11-14 kilodaltons (kda) were identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis in cells infected by tgev. differences in the number of non-structural proteins were observed among virulent and attenuated tgev strains as well as with two antigenically related feline and canine coronaviruses. | 1991 | 1662051 |
| studies on preparation of inactivated vaccines from cell cultures of mink enteritis virus (mev) and their immunity. | in this paper, superhigh reproductive rate strains of mev with titre more than ha8192x or tcid50 log10(9.7) have been achieved both by cultivation in cell lines with different susceptibility to mev and by isolating and identifying in field by the author. the systematic tests proved that s18 and l12 strains of mev are the best strains for vaccine preparation. in this study, the best means for the tissue cultivation of mev and the most advanced technological process for the production and detectio ... | 1991 | 1666290 |
| decline in maternal immunity and antibody response to vaccine in captive cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) cubs. | blood was collected from captive cheetah cubs (acinonyx jubatus) from the ages of 4 to 12 wk and monitored for the decline in maternally derived antibodies to feline panleukopenia, herpes and calici viruses. a steady decrease was seen in most of the cubs. antibody responses to inactivated and/or modified live virus (mlv) vaccine also were measured. the strongest responses were seen post vaccination with mlv vaccine only. | 1992 | 1312644 |
| characterization of the stage(s) in the virus replication cycle at which the host-cell specificity of the feline parvovirus subgroup is regulated in canine cells. | feline panleukopenia virus (fplv), mink enteritis virus (mev), and canine parvovirus (cpv) are classified as a host-range variants. they show different host-range specificity in vivo and host-cell specificity in vitro. for instance, fplv and mev cannot grow or can grow only inefficiently in canine cell lines such as mdck and the canine fibroma cell line a72. here we have studied the mechanism(s) by which the different cell tropism is mediated in vitro. when fplv or mev was inoculated to a72 cell ... | 1992 | 1322591 |
| canine and feline host ranges of canine parvovirus and feline panleukopenia virus: distinct host cell tropisms of each virus in vitro and in vivo. | canine parvovirus (cpv) emerged as an apparently new virus during the mid-1970s. the origin of cpv is unknown, but a variation from feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) or another closely related parvovirus is suspected. here we examine the in vitro and in vivo canine and feline host ranges of cpv and fpv. examination of three canine and six feline cell lines and mitogen-stimulated canine and feline peripheral blood lymphocytes revealed that cpv replicates in both canine and feline cells, whereas fp ... | 1992 | 1323703 |
| mutations adjacent to the dimple of the canine parvovirus capsid structure affect sialic acid binding. | the erythrocyte receptor on rhesus macaque erythrocytes used by canine parvovirus (cpv) for binding in hemagglutination (ha) was examined. erythrocyte membrane proteins were electrophoresed and blotted to nitrocellulose and probed with [125i]-labeled cpv capsids, showing seven virus-binding proteins. treatment of erythrocytes or isolated membranes with clostridium perfringens neuraminidase virtually abolished virus binding. binding was also affected by treatment with potassium periodate and inhi ... | 1992 | 1329321 |
| multiple amino acids in the capsid structure of canine parvovirus coordinately determine the canine host range and specific antigenic and hemagglutination properties. | canine parvovirus (cpv) and feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) are over 98% similar in dna sequence but have specific host range, antigenic, and hemagglutination (ha) properties which were located within the capsid protein gene. in vitro mutagenesis and recombination were used to prepare 16 different recombinant genomic clones, and viruses derived from those clones were analyzed for their in vitro host range, antigenic, and ha properties. the region of cpv from 59 to 91 map units determined the ab ... | 1992 | 1331498 |
| specific diagnosis of parvovirus enteritis in dogs and cats by in situ hybridization. | in a retrospective study, the fixed intestines of 10 dogs and 10 cats with intestinal lesions characteristic of parvovirus infection were assayed for the presence of parvovirus by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. parvoviral nucleic acid was localized by in situ hybridization in intestinal tissue in all 10 dogs and in nine of the 10 cats, whereas antigen was detected only in seven of 10 canine and eight of 10 feline intestines by immunohistochemistry. we conclude that an aetiologic ... | 1992 | 1333495 |
| canine parvovirus empty capsids produced by expression in a baculovirus vector: use in analysis of viral properties and immunization of dogs. | the vp-2 genes of canine parvovirus (cpv) and a recombinant consisting of cpv and feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) sequences were cloned into baculovirus expression vectors, fused to the baculovirus polyhedrin promoter. recombinant baculoviruses were prepared and the properties of the parvovirus proteins expressed in insect cells examined. the proteins produced were the same size as the authentic cpv vp-2 protein, and were produced late after infection; the quantity of proteins recovered from th ... | 1992 | 1371541 |
| enhancement and neutralization of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection in feline macrophages by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies recognizing different epitopes. | the interaction between the enhancing and neutralizing activities of three monoclonal antibodies (mabs) (5-6-2, 6-4-2 and 7-4-1) to the spike protein of feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) strain 79-1146 was determined using feline macrophages. at a high mab concentration, all of the three mabs completely inhibited the fipv infection at 37 c. however, two of them (6-4-2 and 7-4-1) enhanced fipv infection when either the mab concentration or reaction temperature was lowered. these mabs als ... | 1993 | 7694052 |
| use of a feline panleukopenia modified live virus vaccine in cats in the primary-stage of feline immunodeficiency virus infection. | cats in the primary stage of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection and fiv seronegative cats were vaccinated with a modified live feline panleukopenia virus vaccine (fpv-mlv). the fpv-mlv strain was not pathogenic for fiv seronegative cats, whereas in fiv infected cats it produced severe clinical signs, similar to those typically observed in cats naturally infected with field strains of fpv (fever, diarrhoea, leukopenia). | 1993 | 8237206 |
| delayed hypersensitivity testing as a clinical measure of cell-mediated immunity in the cat. | the purposes of this study were to examine the cell-mediated immune response of the normal cat to the modified live feline viral rhinitis, calicivirus, and parvovirus (fvrcp) vaccine (felocell cvr, norden, lincoln, ne), and to evaluate the intradermal skin test as a clinical measure of the immune response of cats. vaccine and diluent were injected intradermally on the dorsal pinna of 34 normal adult cats. skin thickness measurements, lymphocyte counts, and concanavalin a mitogenesis indices were ... | 1993 | 8256439 |
| reaction rate in cats vaccinated with a new controlled-titer feline panleukopenia-rhinotracheitis-calicivirus-chlamydia psittaci vaccine. | the safety profile of a new controlled-titer feline panleukopenia-rhinotracheitis-calicivirus-chlamydia psittaci vaccine was compared to that of a currently-marketed vaccine. of particular interest were delayed reactions (previously unreported in the literature in felines) occurring 7 to 21 days after vaccination, and the effect of concurrent vaccinations and cat age on the delayed reaction rate. nineteen hundred twenty-four doses of the new vaccine and 364 doses of the comparison vaccine were a ... | 1993 | 8306654 |
| structure determination of feline panleukopenia virus empty particles. | various crystal forms of the single-stranded dna, feline panleukopenia virus (fpv), a parvovirus, have been grown of both full virions and empty particles. the structure of empty particles crystallized in an orthorhombic space group p2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit cell dimensions a = 380.1 a, b = 379.3 a, and c = 350.9 a, has been determined to 3.3 a resolution. the data were collected using oscillation photography with synchrotron radiation. the orientations of the empty capsids in the unit cell were ... | 1993 | 8392729 |
| [nucleotide sequence and genome structure of mink enteritis virus]. | this paper reports the sequence of the cloned mink enteritis virus (mev) rf dna and its 3' end and 5' end structure predicted. mev genome is near 5064 nucleotides (nt) in length. in its 5' end non-coding region, there are three 51 nt repeated sequences. the nucleotide sequence of mev genome has very high homology with those of canine parvovirus (cpv) and feline parvovirus (fpv), reaching 99.1% and 99.9% respectively in the structure gene region. but they differ notably in 5' end non-coding regio ... | 1993 | 8396953 |
| seroprevalence of infectious disease agents in free-ranging florida panthers (felis concolor coryi). | serum samples obtained from 38 free-ranging florida panthers (felis concolor coryi) in southern florida, march 1978 through february 1991, were tested for antibodies against eight bacterial, parasitic, and viral disease agents. sera were positive for antibodies against feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) (78%), feline calicivirus (56%), feline immunodeficiency virus/puma lentivirus (37%), feline enteric coronavirus/feline infectious peritonitis virus (19%), and toxoplasma gondii (9%). all samples w ... | 1993 | 8445789 |
| demonstration of parvovirus in diarrhoeic african cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus jubatus schreber, 1775). | parvovirus was demonstrated in the intestinal content of diarrhoeic african cheetahs by electron microscopy. the virus was isolated in a feline kidney cell line inoculated with a filtrate of the intestinal content. its growth characteristics, cytopathic effect, agglutination of porcine erythrocytes, structure, and results of immunoelectron microscopic examination were indistinguishable from those of feline panleukopenia virus. | 1993 | 8511841 |
| antigenic and genomic variabilities among recently prevalent parvoviruses of canine and feline origin in japan. | canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) and feline panleukopenia (flp) virus (fplv) are well known and ubiquitous diarrhea-causing pantropic viruses. a "new" antigenic variant of cpv-2 (designated as cpv-2a) has been also prevalent among dogs in japan. in the present study, 24 canine and 8 feline isolates collected during 1987-1991 were compared with 17 cpv-2 or cpv-2a and 7 fplv strains that had been characterized previously. genomic properties were determined by the restriction cleavage patterns of a ... | 1993 | 8128593 |
| [detection by pcr of genomic markers in canine parvovirus and feline panleukopenia virus]. | the ns1 and vp1/vp2 genes of canine parvovirus and feline panleukopenia virus were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the restriction cleavage patterns of the amplified dna fragments were compared among these parvoviruses including vaccine strains. differences of the restriction site in the ns1 portions were observed between the vaccine strain and the wild type strain as well as between canine parvoviruses and feline panleukopenia viruses. the restriction patterns of feline panleu ... | 1993 | 8019925 |
| serologic survey and serum biochemical reference ranges of the free-ranging mountain lion (felis concolor) in california. | serum samples from 58 mountain lions (felis concolor) in california (usa) were collected between april 1987 and february 1990. nineteen serum samples were used for serum biochemistry determinations; the ranges were similar to reference values in domestic cats, captive exotic felidae and free-ranging mountain lions. a serological survey was conducted to determine whether antibodies were present against selected infectious agents. fifty-four (93%) of 58 sera had antibodies against feline panleukop ... | 1994 | 8028105 |
| the structure of human parvovirus b19 at 8 a resolution. | empty capsids of the human parvovirus b19, self-assembled in a baculovirus expression system, have been crystallized in a cubic space group p2(1)3 with a = 362 a. in spite of extensive purifications, the crystals diffract x-rays to only 8.0 a resolution. diffraction data were collected using oscillation photography with synchrotron radiation. the orientations of the particles in the unit cell were determined with a self-rotation function and their positions were obtained with an r-factor search ... | 1994 | 8030266 |
| production of mink enteritis parvovirus empty capsids by expression in a baculovirus vector system: a recombinant vaccine for mink enteritis parvovirus in mink. | the vp-2 gene of mink enteritis parvovirus (mev) was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction using mev dna isolated from the faeces of a naturally infected mink. subsequently the vp-2 gene was cloned into a baculovirus expression vector. recombinant baculoviruses were isolated and the mev vp-2 gene product was characterized after expression in sf9 insect cells. the mev vp-2 product had the same size as that reported for the wild-type mev vp-2 protein and was recognized by convalescent sera fr ... | 1994 | 8113722 |
| [immunopathogenesis of virus diseases of cats and dogs]. | immunopathological reactions may determine the pathogenesis of some viral infections of cats and dogs. three pathomechanisms may aggravate the viral disease or may ultimately cause death. some viruses cause transient or persistent immunosuppression (feline immunodeficiency, feline leukemia, feline panleukopenia virus, canine parvovirus-2, canine distemper virus). in other viral infections cells and tissues are destroyed as a sequela of cell-mediated cytotoxicity reactions (demyelinating encephal ... | 1994 | 8165663 |
| mapping of determinants of the host range for canine cells in the genome of canine parvovirus using canine parvovirus/mink enteritis virus chimeric viruses. | feline panleukopenia virus (fplv), mink enteritis virus (mev) and canine parvovirus (cpv) are more than 98% similar in dna and predicted amino acid sequences, but they show different host-cell specificities; cpv is able to replicate in canine cells in culture, whereas fplv and mev cannot or replicate only to a low titre. to map the genomic region responsible for the host range of cpv in vitro, cpv/mev chimeric viruses were generated by transfecting infectious cpv/mev chimeric plasmids into a cul ... | 1994 | 8207398 |
| detection of canine parvovirus dna in paraffin-embedded tissues by polymerase chain reaction. | canine parvovirus (cpv) is seemingly a 'new' virus which suddenly appeared during the mid-1970's in an epizootic of disease in dogs. the virus is very similar to the feline panleukopenia virus (fpv), and recent studies have underlined the possible emergence of cpv as a variant of a virus from some other carnivore--possibly from fpv (parrish, 1990). several conserved amino-acid changes between cpv and fpv isolates have been defined by cloning and sequencing the capsid-protein gene. an alternative ... | 1994 | 7985432 |
| two dominant neutralizing antigenic determinants of canine parvovirus are found on the threefold spike of the virus capsid. | the 25-nm diameter parvovirus capsid is assembled from 60 copies of a sequence common to the overlapping vp1 and vp2 proteins. here we examine the epitope specificity's of 28 monoclonal antibodies (mab) prepared against canine parvovirus (cpv), feline panleukopenia virus (fpv), and raccoon-dog parvovirus or blue (arctic) fox parvovirus. comparing the reactivity of those mab with various mab-selected escape mutants, or with natural variants of cpv or mink enteritis virus (mev) which differ at kno ... | 1994 | 8259653 |
| [canine parvovirus: recent knowledge of the origin and development of a viral pathogen]. | canine parvovirus (cpv) is a "new" virus that suddenly emerged in the mid 1970s. antigenetically it is very similar to the long known feline panleukopenia virus (fpv). soon after its appearance cpv was classified as a mutant of fpv. as with all "new" viruses, cpv continues to show active evolution, obvious by the appearance of new antigenic types. interestingly, the new types, designated cpv-2a and cpv-2b, completely replaced the original type. this review summarizes the facts that are known abo ... | 1994 | 7716757 |
| sensitive detection of canine parvovirus dna by the nested polymerase chain reaction. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detection of canine parvovirus (cpv) was developed. to increase the sensitivity and specificity of the reaction, the nested pcr with a double-nested primer pair (inner primer pair) was designed. the sequences of the pcr primer pairs were selected from the conserved region in the cpv vp1/vp2 gene. the pcr with the outer or inner primer pair alone (single pcr) could detect 10 fg of viral replicative form (rf) dna on agarose gel electrophoresis; whereas as ... | 1994 | 7801517 |
| characterization of the feline host range and a specific epitope of feline panleukopenia virus. | the feline parvovirus subgroup is comprised of viruses isolated from various carnivores, including the dog, cat, mink, raccoon, arctic fox, and raccoon dog. those viruses are > 98% identical in their dna sequences and are very similar antigenically. we have shown that although canine parvovirus (cpv) replicates in numerous feline cell lines in vitro it does not infect cats after parenteral inoculation (u. truyen and c. r. parrish, (1992) j. virol. 66, 5399-5408). here we use recombination mappin ... | 1994 | 7513918 |
| inhibitory effects of recombinant feline interferon on the replication of feline enteropathogenic viruses in vitro. | antiviral activities of a recombinant feline interferon (rfeifn) kt-80 were evaluated against feline enteropathogenic viruses in feline and canine cell lines. sensitivity to antiviral activities of the rfeifn varied with cell types; felis catus whole fetus (fcwf-4) cells were more sensitive than crandell feline kidney cells, but no sensitivity was found for madin-darby canine kidney cells when vesicular stomatitis virus was used as a challenge virus. reductions were generally ifn dose-dependent ... | 1994 | 7515537 |
| evolution of the feline-subgroup parvoviruses and the control of canine host range in vivo. | a related group of parvoviruses infects members of many different carnivore families. some of those viruses differ in host range or antigenic properties, but the true relationships are poorly understood. we examined 24 vp1/vp2 and 8 ns1 gene sequences from various parvovirus isolates to determine the phylogenetic relationships between viruses isolated from cats, dogs, asiatic raccoon dogs, mink, raccoons, and foxes. there were about 1.3% pairwise sequence differences between the vp1/vp2 genes of ... | 1995 | 7609035 |
| panleukopenia-like syndrome of felv caused by co-infection with felv and feline panleukopenia virus. | to study the effect of interferon on feline leukemia virus (felv) infection, 30 specific pathogen free (spf) cats were infected with the apathogenic felv a glasgow. unexpectedly, between 5 and 8 weeks after felv infection, all 19 cats with persistent felv infection but not the felv-negative cats died from a panleukopenia-like syndrome. no feline panleukopenia virus (fplv) antigen was found in feces by latex agglutination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) or immunoelectron microscopy. no ... | 1995 | 7618258 |
| pathogenesis of feline panleukopenia virus and canine parvovirus. | feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) and canine parvovirus (cpv) are autonomous parvoviruses which infect cats or dogs, respectively. both viruses cause an acute disease, with virus replicating for less than seven days before being cleared by the developing immune responses. the viruses have a broad tropism for mitotically active cells. in neonatal animals the viruses replicate in a large number of tissues, and fpv infection of the germinal epithelium of the cerebellum leads to cerebellar hypoplasia ... | 1995 | 7663051 |
| symmetric-strand packaging of recombinant parvovirus luiii genomes that retain only the terminal regions. | luiii is an autonomous parvovirus which encapsidates either strand of its genome with similar efficiency in nb324k cells. two parvoviruses closely related to luiii, minute virus of mice (mvm) and h-1 virus, encapsidate primarily the minus strand of their genome when grown in the same cell type. it has been postulated that an at-rich region unique to luiii is responsible for symmetric encapsidation of plus- and minus-strand genomes by luiii. to address this hypothesis, recombinant luiii-luciferas ... | 1995 | 7884925 |
| there is nothing permanent except change. the emergence of new virus diseases. | the sudden appearance of apparently new viruses with pathogenic potential is of fundamental importance in medical microbiology and a constant threat to humans and animals. the emergence of a "new" pathogen is not an isolated event, as for instance the frequent appearance of new influenza virus strains demonstrates. often the new virus strains co-circulate with the older strains in a susceptible population, but a replacement of the older strains has been also observed. in rare instances the new v ... | 1995 | 7740750 |
| full protection in mink against mink enteritis virus with new generation canine parvovirus vaccines based on synthetic peptide or recombinant protein. | two recently developed vaccine--one based on synthetic peptide and one based on recombinant capsid protein--fully protected dogs against heavy experimental canine parvovirus (cpv) infection. the high sequence homology ( > 98%) and antigenic similarity between cpv and mink enteritis virus (mev), feline panleukopenia virus, and raccoon parvovirus, suggest that both vaccines could protect mink, cats and raccoons against these respective host range variants. this was tested in mink and turned out to ... | 1995 | 8525686 |
| a simple touch-down polymerase chain reaction for the detection of canine parvovirus and feline panleukopenia virus in feces. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay is described for the detection of parvovirus in feces of dogs and cats. a touch-down protocol was used which enabled the specific amplification of virion dna from feces after a fast and simple boiling pretreatment. the sensitivity of pcr was as high as ten infectious particles per reaction which corresponds to a titer of about 10(3) infectious particles per gram of unprocessed feces. this renders the pcr about 10- to 100-fold more sensitive than electron m ... | 1995 | 8609207 |
| raccoon poxvirus feline panleukopenia virus vp2 recombinant protects cats against fpv challenge. | an infectious raccoon poxvirus (rcnv) was used to express the feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) open reading frame vp2. the recombinant, rcnv/fpv, was constructed by homologous recombination with a chimeric plasmid for inserting the expression cassette into the thymidine kinase (tk) locus of rcnv. expression of the vp2 dna was regulated by the vaccinia virus late promoter p11. southern blot and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) analyses confirmed the cassette was in the tk gene of the rcnv genome. ... | 1996 | 8615030 |
| feline parvovirus in pedigree kittens. | 1996 | 8650911 | |
| study of hereditary cerebellar degeneration in cats. | to elucidate the nature of ataxia observed in 3 cats spanning 2 generations. | 1996 | 8669758 |
| antigenic type distribution among canine parvoviruses in dogs and cats in germany. | 1996 | 8737265 | |
| species specificity for transduction of cultured cells by a recombinant luiii rodent parvovirus genome encapsidated by canine parvovirus or feline panleukopenia virus. | we previously reported that a recombinant genome derived from the autonomous rodent parvovirus luiii could be pseudotyped with capsids of the closely related viruses, h1 and minute virus of mice. to determine whether this was also possible with less related viruses, luiii recombinant genomes containing a luciferase reporter were cotransfected into permissive cells together with plasmids expressing the capsid proteins of either feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) or its host range variant, canine pa ... | 1996 | 8760427 |
| isolation of canine parvovirus from a cat manifesting clinical signs of feline panleukopenia. | twenty-seven feline parvovirus (fpv) isolates were recovered from cats clinically diagnosed with feline panleukopenia (fpl) for assessing antigenic and genomic properties of fpl viruses (fplv) recently prevalent among cats in japan. all isolates, with the exception of one novel isolate, fpv-314, possessed homologous properties, and their subgroups in fpvs were identified as fplv. the fpv-314 isolate, which was from a 1.5-year-old cat which manifested clinical signs of fpl and died on the 13th da ... | 1996 | 8862565 |
| deep mycotic infections in cats. | a review of deep mycotic infections assessed incidence, signalment, clinical presentation, and outcome in 571 feline cases. pertinent findings included a predisposition in young, male cats for sporothrix schenckii and blastomyces dermatitidis. there was an increased incidence of feline leukemia virus infection in cases with histoplasmosis and of feline panleukopenia virus infection in cases with either aspergillosis or mucoralosis. few other predisposing conditions were identified. cryptococcosi ... | 1996 | 8875352 |
| prevalence of antibodies to feline parvovirus, calicivirus, herpesvirus, coronavirus, and immunodeficiency virus and of feline leukemia virus antigen and the interrelationship of these viral infections in free-ranging lions in east africa. | while viral infections and their impact are well studied in domestic cats, only limited information is available on their occurrence in free-ranging lions. the goals of the present study were (i) to investigate the prevalence of antibodies to feline calicivirus (fcv), herpesvirus (fhv), coronavirus (fcov), parvovirus (fpv), and immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and of feline leukemia virus (felv) antigen in 311 serum samples collected between 1984 and 1991 from lions inhabiting tanzania's national pa ... | 1996 | 8877134 |