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variations of a y chromosome repeated sequence across subspecies of mus musculus.the complex species mus musculus is widespread in eurasia and consists of four parapatric genetical entities (subspecies) that have recently radiated. two of them (m. m. domesticus and m. m. musculus) are known to interact through a narrow zone of hybridisation across which autosomal and mitochondrial exchanges are very limited and y chromosome exchange is absent. we extend here the study of this group by the genetical analysis of 22 asian strains of various origins (china, korea, japan, taiwan, ...19892575606
restriction fragment length variations and chromosome mapping of two mouse metallothionein genes, mt-1 and mt-2.restriction endonuclease fragment length variations (rflvs) were found through the use of cdna probes for metallothionein genes 1 (mt-1) and 2 (mt-2) in the mouse. rflvs were detected in restriction patterns generated by bglii and xbai in the mt-1 gene and by pvuii in the mt-2 gene. all laboratory strains carry the mt-1a and mt-2a alleles. among strains of wild origin, some western european subspecies (mus mus domesticus and m. m. brevirostris) also carry the mt-1a and mt-2a alleles. in contrast ...19892576352
puberty-affecting synthetic analogs of urinary chemosignals in the house mouse, mus domesticus.endocrinologically- and socially-dependent volatile constituents of female mouse urine, identified in a previous study, were tested for their capability to accelerate puberty and extend the estrous period in young females. several volatile ketones advanced puberty by approximately three days and extended the period of vaginal cornification in 55-75% of exposed females. high high concentrations of these substances were capable of overriding the known puberty-delaying chemosignals. volatile cyclic ...19892602471
wild mice in the cold: some findings on adaptation.the house mouse, mus domesticus, can thrive in natural environments much below its optimum temperature. thermogenesis is then above that at more usual temperatures. in addition, body weight, and the weights of brown adipose tissue and the kidneys, may be higher than usual. in free populations of house mice cold lowers fertility and may prevent breeding. other possible limiting factors on breeding are food supply, shelter for nesting and social interactions. in captivity, wild-type house mice exp ...19892696561
molecular genetics of androgen-inducible rp2 gene transcription in the mouse kidney.androgen control of the rp2 gene in the mouse kidney has been modified during evolution. in inbred mice (mus domesticus), the concentrations of mrnas encoded by rp2 undergo a 10- to 12-fold induction in response to testosterone; in other mus species (e.g., mus hortulanus and mus caroli), induction ranges from none to about two- to fourfold. in this communication, we show that androgens induced rp2 transcription in m. domesticus, although this induction may not have fully accounted for the increa ...19892710112
genic differentiation and origin of robertsonian populations of the house mouse (mus musculus domesticus rutty).this paper examines the relation between chromosomal and nuclear-gene divergence in 28 wild populations of the house mouse semi-species, mus musculus domesticus, in western europe and north africa. besides describing the karyotypes of 15 of these populations and comparing them to those of 13 populations for which such information was already known, it reports the results of an electrophoretic survey of proteins encoded by 34 nuclear loci in all 28 populations. karyotypic variation in this taxon ...19892714644
evolution of mouse chromosome 17 and the origin of inversions associated with t haplotypes.mouse t haplotypes are variant forms of chromosome 17 that exist at high frequencies in worldwide populations of several species of house mouse. they are known to differ from wild-type chromosomes with respect to two relative inversions referred to as proximal and distal. an untested assumption has been that these two inversions originated in the chromosomal lineage leading to present-day t haplotypes. to investigate the evolutionary origins of these inversions and the possibility of additional ...19892717616
a repeated segment on the mouse y chromosome is composed of retroviral-related, y-enriched and y-specific sequences.we report the isolation and characterization of two recombinant clones containing dna derived from the y chromosome of the c57bl/10 inbred mouse strain. both clones were isolated from a lambda phage library derived from a partial ecori digest of c57bl/10 male dna using the murine retrovirus m720. characterization of these clones showed they were derived from a repeated segment present on the c57bl/10j y chromosome that contains sequences found elsewhere in the genome. in addition, one clone cont ...19892731728
identification of two murine loci homologous to the v-cbl oncogene.the virally transduced oncogene v-cbl transforms fibroblasts in vitro and induces early b-cell-lineage lymphomas in vivo. a series of probes derived from a molecular clone of v-cbl were used to map related sequences in the mouse genome. analyses of chinese hamster x mouse somatic-cell hybrids showed that two related genes, cbl-1 and cbl-2, were located on chromosomes 6 and 9, respectively. restriction enzyme studies of dna from hybrid cells containing either chromosome 6 or 9 suggested that cbl- ...19892760978
models to assess the potential of capillaria hepatica to control population outbreaks of house mice.population outbreaks of house mice (mus domesticus) occur periodically in the wheatlands of southeastern australia. this paper uses mathematical models to assist in the evaluation of the potential of a nematode, capillaria hepatica, as a biological control agent to reduce the severity of these 'plagues'. c. hepatica is unique amongst helminths of mammals in that its eggs are released only upon the death of an infected host. the major goal of the modelling in this paper is to determine the impact ...19892771448
the alpha 2 chain of type 1 collagen does not map to mouse chromosome 16 but maps close to the met proto-oncogene on mouse chromosome 6.the gene locus for the alpha 2 chain of type 1 collagen (cola-2) was previously assigned to chromosome 16. here we demonstrate, utilising both somatic cell hybrid analysis and genetic linkage analysis, in an interspecific mus domesticus x mus spretus cross that cola-2 fails to cosegregate with mouse chromosome 16, but is linked to the met proto-oncogene on chromosome 6.19892776477
the y chromosome, social signals, and offense in mice.offense is one type of aggression in mice (mus musculus/mus domesticus). offense was measured in a panel of testers design for two congenic strains of mice. the two congenic strains were dba1bg and dba1. c57bl10-ybg. these differ in the y chromosome. offense was measured for the following dyadic pairs: group 1 (dba1 tested against a dba1 opponent); group 2 (dba1 tested against a dba1.c57bl10-y opponent); group 3 (dba1.c57bl10-y tested against a dba1.c57bl10-y opponent); and group 4 (dba1.c57bl10 ...19892803176
odor preferences of wild stock female house mice (mus domesticus) tested at three ages using urine and other cues from conspecific males and females.urinary chemosignals from conspecific males and females can influence the physiological processes of sexual development in female house mice. the experiments reported here involved testing the odor and whole animal preferences of female mice presented with stimuli from male mice and grouped female mice. mice were tested at three different ages. five types of tests were performed: an olfactometer test using whole animals as stimuli, a second olfactometer test using urine stimuli, a soiled bedding ...198924272289
genetic influences on behavior of infant mus domesticus: a comparison of results from diallels derived from single and multiple populations.a complete diallel cross was generated from six jax inbred strains of mus domesticus from diverse origins and a second 6 x 6 diallel generated from strains derived from a single wild population. during their second day of life, infants from both diallels were tested for latency to orient toward and root beneath mothers and, in a separate test, for latency to attach to mother's nipple. rooting latency showed a significant additive maternal strain effect but little systematic effect of pup genotyp ...19892803182
the production of and sensitivity to cues that delay puberty and prolong subsequent oestrous cycles in female mice are influenced by prior intrauterine position.four experiments were conducted with cf-1 house mice (mus domesticus) to examine the relationship between a female's prior intrauterine position (2m = between 2 male fetuses, 1m = next to one male fetus, 0m = not next to a male fetus) and the timing of puberty and length of subsequent oestrous cycles under a variety of housing conditions. the results of exp. 1 confirmed that the presence of males was required for females to enter puberty and exhibit regular oestrous cycles, regardless of prior i ...19892760875
maternal influences on food preferences in weanling mice mus domesticus.this study has been designed to evaluate the role of social (maternal) influences on the development of feeding behaviour in mice. a large enclosure, allowing direct observation, was divided into three separate areas: a central area for the nest and two side feeding areas at opposite ends. in one the young could feed with their mother, in the other one the young had to feed on their own. three different groups were studied: one had the same food in the two feeding areas: the second had a less pa ...198924895909
patterns of deposition of urine containing chemosignals that affect puberty and reproduction by wild stock male and female house mice (mus domesticus).house mice release chemosignals in their urine that influence the timing of puberty and reproductive condition in conspecific females. these experiments tested the possibility that mice depositing urine containing chemosignals that affect puberty and reproduction do so differentially with respect to urine cues from conspecifics. mice were tested in cages containing samples of urine or water on cotton in wire mesh capsules protruding from the cage floor. their urine deposition patterns were recor ...198924272088
genetic analysis of an avoidance-avoidance response in mus domesticus.latency to leave a lighted platform and enter a novel chamber in which other mice had received shock was measured in 2592 mice from eight inbred strains and all 56 f1 crosses. an analysis of the diallel matrix indicated a clear genetic architecture, although genetic effects accounted for only 10% of the total phenotypic variance. dominance favoring a slight delay in chamber entry suggested a selective advantage in spending a longer time on some elements in the behavioral chain involved in avoida ...19892757591
intermittent stimulation and delay of puberty by urinary chemosignals and social contact in wild stock female house mice (mus domesticus).a sequence of six experiments using wild stock house mouse (mus domesticus) tested the effects of intermittent stimulation with either the urinary chemosignal released by grouped female mice or social contact from grouped females on the age of first vaginal oestrus in young females. weanling female mice were exposed to bedding soiled by grouped females or cages containing grouped females for 15 min periods, then removed for a prescribed period, and placed again in a cage with soiled bedding or g ...198924925782
urinary chemosignals, reproduction, and population size for house mice (mus domesticus) living in field enclosures.the effects of urinary chemosignals influencing reproduction and puberty were studied in free-living house mice maintained in six 0.1-ha outdoor enclosures. two enclosures were provided with urine and soiled bedding from male mice, two with urine and soiled bedding from group-caged female mice, and two with water and clean bedding as a control. reproduction, puberty, recruitment, and population size all were affected by the urine treatments. overall, populations reached significantly greater num ...199024263268
short-term early exposure to pups alters infanticide in adulthood in male but not in female wild house mice (mus domesticus).male and female wild house mice (mus domesticus) were allowed to remain in the cage of their parents until 30-35 days of age. when a second litter was delivered, the first litter was exposed to the younger pups for 2-10 days. in adulthood the male and female mice that had been exposed to pups as juveniles and an additional group that had cohabitated with their parents for the same length of time but were not exposed to pups were tested for infanticidal behavior. the frequency of infanticide by t ...19902364665
establishment of the mouse chromosome 7 region with homology to the myotonic dystrophy region of human chromosome 19q.a number of genetic markers, including atp1a3, tgfb, ckmm, and prkcg, define the genetic region on human chromosome 19 containing the myotonic dystrophy locus. these and a number of other dna probes have been mapped to mouse chromosome 7 utilizing a mouse mus domesticus/mus spretus interspecific backcross segregating for the genetic markers pink-eye dilution (p) and chinchilla (cch). the establishment of a highly syntenic group conserved between mouse chromosome 7 and human chromosome 19q indica ...19901970795
differences in the organization and chromosomal allocation of satellite dna between the european long tailed house mice mus domesticus and mus musculus.we compared the organization of satellite dna (stdna) and its chromosomal allocation in mus domesticus and in mus musculus. the two stdnas show similar restriction fragment profiles after digestion (probed with m. domesticus stdna) with some endonucleases of which restriction sequences are present in the 230-240 bp repetitive unit of the m. domesticus stdna. in contrast, ecori digestion reveals that m. musculus stdna lacks most of the gaattc restriction sites, particularly at the level of the ha ...19901971208
empty and occupied insertion site of the truncated line-1 repeat located in the mouse serum albumin-encoding gene.taking advantage of the polymorphism created by the presence or the absence of a line-1 repeat in intron 12 of the mouse serum albumin-encoding gene, we sequenced the repeat (alb-l1md), as well as the flanking regions in balb/c dna. the empty insertion site in a wild-type mouse of the same species mus domesticus was amplified using pcr and sequenced. the alb-l1md was truncated at its 5' end and bordered by two 14-bp repeats, which represented the duplication of the empty insertion site. the abse ...19901971802
genetic mapping in the region of the mouse x-inactivation center.the mouse x-inactivation center lies just distal to the t16h breakpoint. utilizing pedigree analysis of backcross progeny from a mus domesticus/mus spretus interspecific cross, we have mapped a number of genetic loci, gene probes, microclones, and eagi linking clones distal to the t16h breakpoint. the genetic analysis provides a detailed genetic map in the vicinity of the mouse x-inactivation center. comparative mapping data from the human x chromosome indicate that the most probable location of ...19901974879
characterization of the molecular defects in the mouse e beta f and e beta q genes. implications for the origin of mhc polymorphism.the e beta f and e beta q genes have been isolated and sequenced to investigate the molecular basis for their defective expression. a previous study from this laboratory, which characterized the expression of these genes at the rna level, showed both genes to have defects in posttranscriptional rna processing. in this paper, the defect in the e beta q gene from the inbred mouse strain b10.g (mus musculus domesticus) is shown to be a single base insertion in the rna donor splice site of the first ...19902106558
mapping of mouse carbonic anhydrase-3, car-3: another locus in the homologous region of mouse chromosome 3 and human chromosome 8.at least six separate genes determining tissue- and organelle-specific isoforms of carbonic anhydrase are known. we have determined the chromosome location of one of these genes, carbonic anhydrase-3 (car-3), in the mouse and carried out a linkage analysis of car-1, car-2, and car-3. car-3 has been assigned to band 3a2 by in situ hybridization. we identified a psti restriction fragment length polymorphism between mus spretus and mus mus domesticus and, by using an interspecific backcross, showed ...19902111277
seasonal variation in fertility, fecundity and litter sex ratio in laboratory and wild stocks of house mice (mus domesticus)data compilations were made for three parameters pertaining to reproduction in a domestic strain (14 years) and a wild stock (4 years) of commensal house mice: (a) the percentage of females mated that produced litters; (b) the average number of pups per litter; and (c) the sex ratio of the pups in the litters. fecundity and fertility varied seasonally in both domestic and wild mice. more females become pregnant and litter sizes were larger in the spring, summer, and fall months than during the w ...19902162984
construction and analysis of linking libraries from the mouse x chromosome.a hybrid cell line containing the mouse x chromosome on a human background has been used to construct linking libraries from the mouse x chromosome, and approximately 250 unique eagi and noti clones have been identified. seventy-three clones have been sublocalized onto the x chromosome using interspecific mus spretus/mus domesticus crosses and a panel of somatic cell hybrids carrying one-half of reciprocal x-autosome translocations. the average spacing of the linking clones mapped to date is abo ...19902167288
differential distribution of long and short interspersed element sequences in the mouse genome: chromosome karyotyping by fluorescence in situ hybridization.fluorescence in situ hybridization has been used to demonstrate the differential distribution of interspersed repetitive elements in the genome of mus musculus domesticus. hybridization with a mouse long interspersed element sequence results in a sharp, highly reproducible banding pattern on metaphase chromosomes, which is quite similar to giemsa banding for all chromosomes except 7 and x. the families of short interspersed elements, b1 and b2, preferentially cluster in the r, or reverse, bands. ...19902170987
a mouse model of the aniridia-wilms tumor deletion syndrome.deletion of chromosome 11p13 in humans produces the wagr syndrome, consisting of aniridia (an absence or malformation of the iris), wilms tumor (nephroblastoma), genitourinary malformations, and mental retardation. an interspecies backcross between mus musculus/domesticus and mus spretus was made in order to map the homologous chromosomal region in the mouse genome and to define an animal model of this syndrome. nine evolutionarily conserved dna clones from proximal human 11p were localized on m ...19902173141
the role of helminths in the biological control of mammals.biological control of invertebrates has been successful while that of vertebrates has been, with the exception of myxomatosis in rabbits, unsuccessful; reasons for this are discussed. demographic studies of small mammals suggest that population regulation occurs by several different mechanisms, more than one of which may be acting at the same time. coevolution is an important phenomenon in host-parasite associations, nevertheless parasites may limit host population abundance. the basis of the re ...19902210947
oxytocin inhibits infanticide in female house mice (mus domesticus).between 60 and 90% of female house mice spontaneously kill unrelated young. a previous report indicated that subcutaneous administration of oxytocin significantly reduced the frequency of infanticide by virgin and pregnant females. however, in this study a distinction could not be made between an action of oxytocin on the cns versus a secondary effect such as an enhanced release of prolactin by oxytocin. in the current experiment, oxytocin administered intracerebroventricularly was equally as ef ...19902227849
antibody repertoire against culture filtrate antigens in wild house mice infected with mycobacterium bovis bcg.wild house mice (mus domesticus) captured in a flemish pigsty were infected intravenously with 4 x 10(6) variable units of mycobacterium bovis bcg and examined by western blot analysis for igg secretion against bcg culture filtrate (cf) antigens. wild mice showed a marked individual variation in antibody pattern when tested 4, 6 and 8 weeks after infection. some animals reacted to a wide range of antigens and others only to a limited number. most wild mice recognized preferentially antigens with ...19902242617
introduction of a brachylaima species (digenea: brachylaimidae) to australia.a brachylaima species recorded previously from the house mouse (mus domesticus) in south australia is shown to use the introduced european snails cernuella virgata and cochlicella barbara as first intermediate hosts, and the same two species and theba pisana as second intermediate hosts. the life cycle is typical of brachylaima species. the parasite is capable of infecting at least two species of native australian rodent, rattus fuscipes and leporillus conditor. because of the intermediate hosts ...19902242962
chemistry of male dominance in the house mouse, mus domesticus.two terpenic constituents, e,e,-alpha-farnesene and e-beta-farnesene, were found to be elevated in dominant male urine when compared to subordinate or control males. these two urinary compounds were absent in the bladder urine of males; however, they were the most prominent constituents of the perputial gland's aliquots. the results of a two-choice preference test, conducted on icr/alb subordinate males, gave a strong indication that these two terpenic constituents introduced into the previously ...19902298278
[a high level of introgression of the genes of mus domesticus in a mus musculus s. str. population of transcaucasia]. 19902369869
configuration-sensitive visual responses in the superior colliculus of the house mouse (mus musculus domesticus).in order to compare visual pattern discrimination by tectal neurons in distantly related vertebrate groups, collicular cells of mice were examined for their responses to each of three simple configurational stimuli commonly used in studies of amphibians. the stimuli consisted of a large square, a horizontal bar and a vertical bar moved at various velocities. of the recorded units (n = 51), 30-50% significantly preferred the square to the other stimuli at medium (10 degrees/s) and high (67 degree ...19902375975
serological h-y antigen and gonadal status in xydom sex-reversed mice.y chromosomes of feral mice (mus musculus domesticus) from various localities, when introduced into the c57bl/6 laboratory strain, give rise to phenotypic females and true hermaphrodites both with the sex chromosome constellation xy. sex-reversed animals of each type were examined macroscopically or histologically for gonadal status and h-y antigenic activity by serological assay methods. most xy females with histologically confirmed bilateral ovaries did not differ from xx female controls with ...19902383404
[the causes of appearance of a double insertion of homogeneously staining regions in the chromosome 1 of house mouse (mus musculus musculus)].a high resolution analysis of g-band pattern of normal and aberrant chromosome 1 bearing two linked insertions of homogeneously staining regions (hsrs) in the house mouse (mus musculus musculus) reveals an inverted pattern of the euchromatic region between the hsrs. on the basis of this analysis, a hypothesis on the causes for appearance of the aberrant chromosome was put forward: the double insertion is a result of inversion of the chromosome 1 of mus musculus domesticus bearing a single long i ...19901693902
the origin of a double insertion of homogeneously staining regions in the house mouse (mus musculus musculus).a high resolution analysis of the g-band patterns of normal and aberrant chromosomes 1, bearing two linked insertions of homogeneously staining regions (hsrs) in the house mouse (mus musculus musculus) reveals the inverted pattern of the euchromatic region between the hsrs. on the basis of this analysis a hypothesis on the origin of the aberrant chromosome is put forward: the double insertion is a result of an inversion of the chromosome 1 of mus musculus domesticus bearing a single insertion of ...19901703140
137cs determination and mutagenicity tests in wild mus musculus domesticus before and after the chernobyl accident.wild rodents were collected alive in a suburban area to the north of rome before, during, 6 months and 1 year after the chernobyl accident. radionuclide determinations to assess their content of (137)cs and mutagenicity tests (bone-marrow micronucleus test and sperm abnormalities assay) were performed on the captured animals. the results obtained for the species mus musculus domesticus (which was the rodent captured in highest numbers), compared with the results obtained before the fallout, show ...199015092303
the gene for ciliary neurotrophic factor (cntf) maps to murine chromosome 19 and its expression is not affected in the hereditary motoneuron disease 'wobbler' of the mouse.the cdna for ciliary neurotrophic factor (cntf), a polypeptide involved in the survival of motoneurons in mammals, has recently been cloned (stöckli et al., nature, 342, 920 - 923, 1989; lin et al., science, 246, 1023 - 1025, 1989). we have now localized the corresponding gene cntf to chromosome 19 in the mouse, using an interspecific cross between mus spretus and mus musculus domesticus. the latter was carrying the gene wobbler (wr) for spinal muscular atrophy. dna was prepared from backcross i ...199112106247
distribution of acetylcholinesterase in the hippocampal region of the mouse: i. entorhinal area, parasubiculum, retrosplenial area, and presubiculum.the distribution of acetylcholinesterase (ache) was examined in the multilayered posterior part of the hippocampal region of the adult mouse (mus musculus domesticus), namely, the entorhinal area, the parasubiculum, the presubiculum, and those parts of the retrosplenial cortex that extend into the posterior hippocampal region (area retrosplenialis 29d and 29e). a modification of the koelle copper thiocholine method was employed for the histochemical demonstration of ache. the ache staining resul ...19911706733
delay of testicular differentiation in the b6.ydom ovotestis demonstrated by immunocytochemical staining for müllerian inhibiting substance.it has been found that when the y chromosome from mus musculus domesticus (ydom) is placed onto the c57bl/6j (b6) mouse background, the xy progeny (b6.ydom) develop ovaries or ovotestes but not normal testes during fetal life. we examined the ontogeny of the abnormal testicular differentiation in the b6.ydom ovotestis by immunocytochemical staining for müllerian inhibiting substance (mis). we found that the b6.ydom ovotestis initiated testicular differentiation later in development than did the ...19911713865
distribution of acetylcholinesterase in the hippocampal region of the mouse: ii. subiculum and hippocampus.the distribution of acetylcholinesterase (ache) was examined in the subiculum and hippocampus of the adult mouse (mus musculus domesticus). a distinctly stratified ache pattern was observed in both areas and was compared in detail with cytoarchitectural fields and layers. in the subiculum, the lateral plexiform layer was lightly stained superficially and moderately stained at depth, where it abutted the lateral, moderately stained cell layer. medially, a moderately stained deep plexiform layer s ...19911722222
distribution of acetylcholinesterase and zinc in the visual cortex of the mouse.the distributions of acetylcholinesterase (ache) and zinc-containing boutons and their cells of origin in the visual cortex of the house mouse (mus musculus domesticus) are described. the primary visual area is defined by both acetylcholinesterase and zinc staining. the ache staining pattern is dark in upper layer i and layers iv and vi. it is light in layers ii/iii and v. the lack of a densely stained layer iv in the secondary visual cortices defines the borders between primary and secondary ar ...19911741478
mouse chromosome-specific markers generated by pcr and their mapping through interspecific backcrosses.we have utilized an oligonucleotide primer from the 3' end of the mouse l1 repeat element for amplification of mouse-specific inter-repeat pcr products from chinese hamster/mouse somatic cell hybrids. pcr of a chinese hamster/mouse somatic cell hybrid (96az2), containing only mouse chromosome 16, produced a range of mouse-specific bands. two of the mouse-specific pcr products, of 250 and 580 bp, have been confirmed as originating from mouse chromosome 16 by somatic cell hybrid analysis. both the ...19911774069
can the nematode capillaria hepatica regulate abundance in wild house mice? results of enclosure experiments in southeastern australia.the hypothesis that a liver-inhabiting nematode, capillaria hepatica, can regulate abundance of the house mouse (mus domesticus) was tested in enclosures, in southeastern australia. changes in mouse abundance, and the relationship between mortality and host abundance were compared in three treatment and three control populations. any effect of c. hepatica on mouse abundance was masked by an unknown regulating factor(s). this factor(s) caused density-dependent mortality in the control and treatme ...19911780181
the mus musculus domesticus tdy allele acts later than the mus musculus musculus tdy allele: a basis for xy sex-reversal in c57bl/6-ypos mice.consomic c57bl/6 males, carrying either the mus musculus musculus-derived c57bl/6 y chromosome or the mus musculus domesticus-derived poschiavinus y chromosome, were outcrossed to females of the inbred strains c3h/bi and cxbh/by and to females of the random bred strain mf1/ola. in a study at 12.5 days post coitum, gonads of xyc57 and xypos fetuses were assessed for the presence of testicular cords. it was found that xypos fetuses had a later onset of testicular development than xyc57 fetuses. li ...19911782876
[new robertsonian populations of the house mouse (mus musculus domesticus) from north of the alps].new robertsonian (rb) populations of the house mouse (mus musculus domesticus) carrying different combinations of centric fusions are reported in france, switzerland, and germany. in alsace (france), the diploid number varied from 2n = 38 to 34; four fusions were present, with rb(4.12) homozygous in all populations whereas rb(5.10), rb(5.7), or rb(10.14) were found to be segregating. in switzerland, only all-acrocentric mice (2n = 40) were present in bern while rb(5.7) and rb(9.16) occurred in b ...19911783304
the geographic distribution and host range of capillaria hepatica (bancroft) (nematoda) in australia.the geographic distribution, host range and prevalence of capillaria hepatica were recorded in 4629 house mice, mus domesticus, 263 black rats, rattus rattus, and 58 norway rats, r. norvegicus. the parasite was found at five localities, all in or near large towns along the coast. the two rattus species appeared to be the primary hosts of c. hepatica in australia. published and unpublished data on helminth infections of australian native mammals from 1162 murids (26 species), 3018 marsupials (67 ...19911787037
molecular genetic analysis of the ta25h deletion: evidence for additional deleted loci.seventeen linking clones sublocalized to the central region of the mouse x chromosome (chr) were screened against genomic dna from male mice carrying the tabby-25h (ta25h) deletion. two of these linking clones, lambda em131 and lambda em169, were found to be deleted in ta25h/y animals. genetic mapping through mus musculus domesticus/mus spretus interspecific backcross progeny, segregating for the original tabby (ta) gene mutation, was utilized to order these markers and to define nearest flankin ...19911797229
in situ analysis of centromeric satellite dna segregating in mus species crosses.in situ hybridization of biotin-labeled mouse major satellite dna clone pmr196 was applied to mus domesticus and mus spretus chromosomes (chr). the same karyotypes were counterstained with distamycin a-dapi to identify at-rich heterochromatin. chromosomes from the laboratory mouse, c57bl/6ros (bl/6; m. domesticus) were uniformly labeled at the centromere except for the y, while chromosomes from the divergent mus species m. spretus showed little or no hybridization. differences between mus specie ...19911799790
mating patterns in seminatural populations of mice influenced by mhc genotype.because of the central role of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) genes in immune recognition, it is often assumed that parasite-driven selection maintains the unprecendented genetic diversity of these genes. but associations between mhc genotype and specific infectious diseases have been difficult to identify with a few exceptions such as marek's disease and malaria. alternatively, mhc-related reproductive mechanisms such as selective abortion and mating preferences could be responsible for ...19911865924
dominant expression of a distinctive v14+ t-cell antigen receptor alpha chain in mice.a distinctive variable region 14-positive (v14+) alpha chain (v alpha 14+) of the t-cell antigen receptor is predominantly expressed in multiple mouse subspecies. the v alpha 14 family has two members, v alpha 14.1 and v alpha 14.2, which differ by only three amino acids at positions 50-52. based on the ecori restriction fragment length polymorphism of the gene encoding v alpha 14, mice can be divided into three groups: type i with an 11.2-kilobase (kb) fragment, type ii with a 2.0-kb fragment, ...19911881891
inhibition of infanticide in male swiss mice: behavioral polymorphism in response to multiple mediating factors.the socio-sexual factors mediating the inhibition of pup-killing in previously infanticidal swiss webster male mice (mus domesticus) were examined. as reported in other studies, postmating co-habitation (i.e., physical contact) with a female during pregnancy suppress pup-killing but the present experiments also showed that several factors are implicated in this phenomenon, namely: 1) postcopulatory sensory contact (i.e., behind a wire-mesh partition) with the pregnant mate was sufficient to inhi ...19911881986
androgen modulation of dna-binding factors in the mouse kidney.transcription of the rp2 gene in the mouse kidney is induced by androgens. this induction is species specific within the genus mus. for example, the gene responds to androgens in mus domesticus, but is refractory to hormone in the distantly related species m. caroli. in the present report we have characterized dna-binding factors that recognize the 5' flanking region of the rp2 gene. one factor (termed rpbf-1) binds a dna fragment spanning the region between -157 and -311 relative to the transcr ...19911922089
a novel mouse chromosome 17 hybrid sterility locus: implications for the origin of t haplotypes.the effects of heterospecific combinations of mouse chromosome 17 on male fertility and transmission ratio were investigated through a series of breeding studies. animals were bred to carry complete chromosome 17 homologs, or portions thereof, from three different sources-mus domesticus, mus spretus and t haplotypes. these chromosome 17 combinations were analyzed for fertility within the context of a m. domesticus or m. spretus genetic background. two new forms of hybrid sterility were identifie ...19911936961
molecular analysis of aprt deficiency in mouse p19 teratocarcinoma stem cell line.we have used four gene probes specific for mouse chromosome 8, including adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (aprt), to demonstrate that the p19 teratocarcinoma stem cell line contains two distinct chromosome 8 homologs. one represents the common laboratory mouse c3h (mus musculus domesticus) homolog while the second homolog was presumably contributed by a feral mus musculus musculus animal. six cell lines with aprt heterozygous deficiencies were isolated from p19 subclones. a molecular analysis o ...19912011791
low diversity of t haplotypes in the eastern form of the house mouse, mus musculus l.in previous studies, 13 different recessive embryonic lethal genes have been associated with t haplotypes in the wild mice of the species mus domesticus. in this communication we have analyzed five populations of mus musculus for the presence and identity of t haplotypes. the populations occupy geographically distant regions in the soviet union: altai mountains, western and eastern siberia, azerbaijan and turkmenistan. no t haplotypes were found in mice from eastern siberia. in the remaining fou ...19912016041
conservation of position and exclusive expression of mouse xist from the inactive x chromosome.x-chromosome inactivation in mammals is a regulatory phenomenon whereby one of the two x chromosomes in female cells is genetically inactivated, resulting in dosage compensation for x-linked genes between males and females. in both man and mouse, x-chromosome inactivation is thought to proceed from a single cis-acting switch region or inactivation centre (xic/xic). in the human, xic has been mapped to band xq13 (ref. 6) and in the mouse to band xd (ref. 7), and comparative mapping has shown that ...19912034279
a multilocus linkage map of mouse chromosome 8.we present a genetic linkage map of mouse chromosome 8 that spans 53 cm and includes eight cloned loci. this map was derived from analysis of 100 progeny of an interspecific backcross between mus spretus and mus musculus domesticus. genes that were mapped in this analysis include l7, plat, lpl, ucp, es, mt-1, um, and tat. this analysis positions a new extremely proximal marker on chromosome 8, which is discussed as a potential candidate gene for the nervous locus. these linkage data will be usef ...19912037298
systematic identification of line-1 repetitive dna sequence differences having species specificity between mus spretus and mus domesticus.line-1 is a family of repetitive dna sequences interspersed among mammalian genes. in the mouse haploid genome there are about 100,000 line-1 copies. we asked if the subspecies mus spretus and mus domesticus have developed species-specific line-1 subfamilies. sequences from 14 m. spretus line-1 elements were obtained and compared to m. domesticus line-1 sequences. using a molecular phylogenetic tree we identified several differences shared among a subset of young repeats in one or the other spec ...19912056531
the multipoint genetic mapping of mouse chromosome 16.utilizing a mus spretus/mus domesticus (c57bl/10) interspecific backcross, we have constructed a multipoint genetic map of mouse chromosome 16 that extends 43.2 cm from the proximal prm-1 locus to the distal ets-2 locus. the genetic map incorporates three new markers: d16smh6, a random genomic clone; pgk-1ps1, a phosphoglycerate kinase pseudogene; and the growth-associated protein gap43. the map position of gap43 indicates the presence, on mouse chromosome 16, of a significant-size conserved lin ...19911672298
high-density molecular map of the central span of the mouse x chromosome.a total of 17 linking clones previously sublocalized to the central span of the mouse x chromosome have been ordered by detailed analysis through interspecific mus spretus/mus musculus domesticus backcross progeny. these probes have been positioned with respect to existing dna markers utilizing a new interspecific backcross segregating for the tabby (ta) locus. the density of clones within this 11.5-cm interval is now, on average, one clone every 1000 kb. this high-density map provides probes in ...19911675191
a molecular genetic linkage map of mouse chromosome 18, including spm, grl-1, fim-2/c-fms, and mbp.restriction endonuclease fragment length variations (rflv) were detected in mice with dna probes for myelin basic protein (mbp), glucocorticoid receptor-1 (grl-1), and friend mulv integration site-2 (fim-2). rflv of the mbp gene were found in saci restriction patterns, rflv of the grl-1 gene were found in ecorv patterns, and rflv of the fim-2 were found in bglii patterns. a three-point backcross was carried out by the backcross mating (c57bl/ksj-spm/spm x mol-mit)f1 males x c57bl/ksj-spm/spm; sp ...19911679325
a comparative study of different populations of mus musculus domesticus: emotivity as an index of adaptation to commensalism.1. emotivity is assessed by the amplitude of the corticoadrenal response to a novelty stress at three different seasons. 2. commensal and outdoor populations of the house mouse are compared. 3. outdoor mice display on one hand, lower mean levels of standard corticosterone, and on the other higher amplitude of response to the novelty stress when compared with the commensal mice. 4. results are discussed in terms of divergent adaptive strategies of mice in respect with their social environment. 5. ...19911679690
a hybrid zone comprising staggered chromosomal clines in the house mouse (mus musculus domesticus).in the vicinity of john o'groats (caithness, scotland) there is a small karyotypic race of the house mouse (mus musculus domesticus) characterized by a diploid number of 32 chromosomes, including the metacentrics 4.10, 9.12, 6.13 and 11.14. this race forms a hybrid zone with the standard british race (fully acrocentric chromosomes, 2n = 40). although hybrid zones normally consist of several (or many) narrow character clines at the same position, this zone is unusual in that the chromosomal cline ...19911684667
determination of a molecular map position for hyp using a new interspecific backcross produced by in vitro fertilization.we have established a mus spretus/mus musculus domesticus interspecific backcross segregating for two x-linked mutant genes, ta and hyp, using in vitro fertilization. the haplotype of the recombinant x chromosome of each of 241 backcross progeny has been established using the x-linked anchor loci otc, hprt, dmd, pgk-1, and amg and the additional probes dxsmh43 and cbx-rs1. the hyp locus (putative homologue of the human disease gene hypophosphatemic rickets, hyp) has been incorporated into the mo ...19911685478
chronic multifocal osteomyelitis, a new recessive mutation on chromosome 18 of the mouse.mice with tail kinks and deformities in their lower extremities were observed in a litter of c.d2-qa-2+n6f15 mice. a mutant line that exhibits this phenotype in 100% of its offspring was established by subsequent breeding. the abnormalities resembled to some degree those found in a human syndrome termed chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (crmo). accordingly, we name the new mutation chronic multifocal osteomyelitis (cmo). breeding analysis showed that the defect was determined by a singl ...19911686018
water flux and energy use in wild house mice (mus domesticus) and the impact of seasonal aridity on breeding and population levels.water turnover rate (wtr), urine concentration and field metabolic rate (fmr) were examined in house mice, mus domesticus, permanently inhabiting roadside verge areas and seasonally invading crops in semi-arid wheatlands in south australia. fmr was approximately proportional to body mass0.5 and mean values varied from 4.8 ml co2 g-1h-1 (2.9 kj g-1d-1) in autumn and winter, to 7.0 ml co2 g-1h-1 (4.2 kj g-1d-1) in maturing crops during spring. wtr was independent of body mass, indicating that larg ...199128312623
serum corticosterone in fetal mice: sex differences, circadian changes, and effect of maternal stress.the serum concentration of corticosterone was examined in control and stressed pregnant female mice (mus domesticus) as well as male and female fetuses due to our interest in the behavioral effects of material stress on offspring in mice. pregnant females were restrained under flood lights (2 sessions/day, 45 min/session) from day 13-17 of pregnancy. on day 17 of pregnancy a significant increase in maternal serum corticosterone was exhibited 1 h after the onset of a stress session, and serum cor ...19911745676
individual variation in the neural timing of infanticide and parental behavior in male house mice.in male house mice (mus domesticus and m. musculus), the act of coital ejaculation provides a fail-safe neural signal for timing the birth of their offspring. a unique aspect of this phenomenon is the extraordinary latency that can occur between the stimulus (ejaculation) and its adaptive neural response (male mice cease killing pups and behave parentally toward them). thus the inhibition of infanticide is routinely time-delayed for many days after mating. in the absence of mating, cohabitation ...19911745671
thet complex of the mouse: chemical characterization by urinary volatile profiles.urine samples from c3h congenic house mice (mus domesticus) differing only at thet complex were examined by capillary gas chromatography to assess variations in the volatile components that may cause olfactory discrimination between animals bearingt lethal and+(wild-type) haplotypes. urine was collected from 192 males and females varying in age from 1 to 9 months. c3h congenic mice that have the same genetic background at all loci but differed in theirt complex genotypes: +/ +, +/tw1,t/t w1, t/+ ...199124258731
the evolution of coexisting highly divergent line-1 subfamilies within the rodent genus peromyscus.two distinct members of the line-1 (l1) family in peromyscus were characterized. the two clones, denoted l1pm55 and l1pm62, were 1.5 kb and 1.8 kb in length, respectively, and align to the identical region of the l1 sequence of mus domesticus. sequence similarity was on the order of 70% between l1pm55 and l1pm62, which approximates that between either peromyscus sequence and mus l1. l1pm62 represents a more prevalent subfamily than l1pm55. l1pm62 exists in about 500 copies per haploid genome, wh ...19921474601
alterations in mrna translation as a mechanism for the modification of enzyme synthesis during evolution. the ornithine decarboxylase model.the expression of renal ornithine decarboxylase (odc) is very different between the two murine species mus domesticus and mus pahari. the latter species contains a reduced level of odc protein in the kidney, yet a normal concentration of odc mrna, indicating an alteration in translation, protein degradation, or both. we describe two lines of experimental evidence indicating that the efficiency of odc mrna translation is decreased in m. pahari. first, in vivo measurements showed that the rate of ...19921374399
intracranial androgenic and estrogenic stimulation of male-typical behaviors in house mice (mus domesticus).two experiments in house mice (mus domesticus) examined the neural sites at which steroid hormones activate the following male-typical behaviors: 70 khz ultrasonic mating vocalizations in response to stimulus females or their urine, urinary marking in response to stimulus males or stimulus females, mounting of estrous females, and intermale aggression. in the first experiment, four groups of castrated males received bilateral intracranial implants of testosterone (t) into either the septum (sept ...19921563726
cytological and molecular characterization of centromeres in mus domesticus and mus spretus.we have applied em in situ hybridization (emish) and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) to samples from diploid primary cell cultures and an established cell line to examine in detail the relative organization of the major and minor satellite dnas and telomere sequences in the genomes of mus domesticus and mus spretus. emish localizes the mus domesticus minor satellite to a single site at the centromere-proximal end of each chromosome. double label hybridizations with both minor satellite a ...19921543911
segregation and fertility in mus musculus domesticus (wild mice) heterozygous for the rb(4.12) translocation.analysis of the progeny of wild mice heterozygous for the rb(4.12) shows that fertility and segregation are normal. this study, and others with similar results, suggests that our view of the chromosomal evolution of the house mouse should be revised.199229231205
survival curves, reproductive life span and age-related pathology of mus caroli.although mus caroli is being used in a number of laboratories as an experimental animal, basic information concerning its life span, reproductive ability, and age-related pathologies has been unavailable. here we present this basic information, and discuss the similarities to and differences from the laboratory mouse, mus musculus domesticus [strains a/sttrwo and (a/sttrwo x c57bl/6nnia)f1] and, from published data, wild-type mus musculus.19921318441
licl aversive conditioning has transitory effects on pheromonal responsiveness in male house mice (mus domesticus).appetitive and aversive experiences influence whether odors elicit precopulatory behavior from male rodents. a role for aversive experience in odor-elicited reproductive behaviors had been demonstrated for hamsters and rats, but similar work on house mice had not been performed. four experiments examined whether lithium chloride (licl) aversive conditioning would alter two precopulatory behaviors (ultrasonic vocalizations and olfactory preference) that male house mice normally exhibit to female ...19921326774
nucleotide sequence of mouse sry gene is different between y chromosome originating from mus musculus musculus and mus musculus domesticus. 19921349578
the musculus-type y chromosome of the laboratory mouse is of asian origin.mus musculus domesticus, m.m. bactrianus, m.m. musculus, m.m. castaneus, and m.m. molossinus wild mice were investigated for polymorphisms of the y chromosome (chr) genes zinc finger-y (zfy) and sex-determining region-y (sry). zfy divided the y chrs of these mice into domesticus- (domesticus) and musculus-types (musculus, castaneus, molossinus). m.m. bactrianus specimens had both y chrs, possibly owing to the introgression of a musculus-type y into this population. sry identified a subpopulation ...19921352158
a molecular genetic linkage map of mouse chromosome 10, including the myb, s100b, pah, sl, and ifg genes.restriction endonuclease fragment length variations (rflv) on mouse chromosome 10 were detected in four genes, namely, the myb protooncogene (myb) and the genes for s100 beta protein (s100b), phenylalanine hydroxylase (pah), and interferon-gamma (ifg). rflv were found in restriction patterns generated with bamhi for myb, in those generated with bglii for s100b, in those generated with ecorv for pah, and in those generated with taqi for ifg. a multipoint backcross was carried out by the mating (1 ...19921359872
sex ratio manipulation in wild house mice: the effect of fetal resorption in relation to the mode of reproduction.first generation laboratory-born descendants of wild-caught house mice (mus musculus domesticus rutty) were bred to produce litters of primipares and of dams that had conceived a second litter either after lactational anestrus or within the postpartum estrus. at the day of birth, pups were sexed and the number of implanted and resorbed embryos was determined to evaluate the influence of mode of reproduction on litter gender composition and its relation to fetal resorption. no significant deviati ...19921391340
male meiosis and gametogenesis in wild house mice (mus musculus domesticus) from a chromosomal hybrid zone; a comparison between "simple" robertsonian heterozygotes and homozygotes.wild male house mice mus musculus domesticus were collected from the hybrid zone between the john o'groats race (2n = 32) and the standard race (2n = 40) in northern scotland. meiosis in both homozygotes (2n = 32, 36, and 40) and single robertsonian heterozygotes (2n = 33, 35, and 37) was found to be orderly. at prophase/metaphase i in heterozygotes, a trivalent was formed from the metacentric and two homologous acrocentrics. at pachytene, this trivalent usually had a single side arm at the posi ...19921424812
deficiency of x and y chromosomal pairing at meiotic prophase in spermatocytes of sterile interspecific hybrids between laboratory mice (mus domesticus) and mus spretus.the normal association between the x and y chromosomes at metaphase i of meiosis, as seen in air-dried light microscope preparations of mouse spermatocytes, is frequently lacking in the spermatocytes of the sterile interspecific hybrid between the laboratory mouse strains c57bl/6 and mus spretus. the purpose of this work is to determine whether the separate x and y chromosomes in the hybrid are asynaptic, caused by failure to pair, or desynaptic, caused by precocious dissociation. unpaired x-y c ...19921424992
evolution of the major histocompatibility complex: a hundred-fold amplification of mhc class i genes in the african pigmy mouse nannomys setulosus.the genome of the african murine rodent nannomys setulosus was found to harbor several thousand major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i genes instead of the 30-40 genes found in conventional laboratory mice, which are mostly of mus musculus domesticus origin. other genes of n. setulosus, either functionally or physically linked to class i genes, are not amplified. amplified genes derive from as few as three ancestors and amplification has likely occurred after the divergence of the two na ...19921428009
polymorphisms distinguishing different mouse species and t haplotypes.three anonymous chromosome 17 dna markers, d17tu36, d17tu43, and d17le66b, differentiate between house mouse species and/or between t chromosomes. the d17tu36 probe, which maps near the fu locus and to the in(17)4 on t chromosomes, identifies at least 15 haplotypes, each haplotype characterized by a particular combination of dna fragments obtained after digestion with the taq i restriction endonuclease. ten of these haplotypes occur in mus domesticus, while the remaining five occur in m. musculu ...19921452014
an ephemeral sex pheromone in the urine of female house mice (mus domesticus).from previous research, the ultrasonic vocalizations of male mice (mus domesticus) to female mouse urine were hypothesized to be learned as a result of classical conditioning during adult heterosexual encounters. according to this interpretation, a previously neutral conditioned stimulus in female urine comes to elicit vocalizations as a result of its association with some other unknown unconditioned stimulus associated with adult females. however, the research from which this hypothesis was der ...19921456933
communal nesting patterns in mice implicate mhc genes in kin recognition.house mice (mus musculus domesticus) form communal nests and appear to nurse each other's pups indiscriminately. communal nesting probably functions to reduce infanticide, but it also makes females vulnerable to exploitation if nursing partners fail to provide their fair share of care. kinship theory predicts that females will preferentially form communal nests with relatives to minimize exploitation and further increase inclusive fitness. here we provide evidence from seminatural populations th ...19921461279
life history and bioeconomy of the house mouse.1. more is known about the western european house mouse, mus (musculus) domesticus than any other non-human mammal. if laboratory and field information is combined, an extremely valuable understanding of the species' bioeconomy could be obtained. 2. the seven stages of mouse life-history are surveyed (up to birth, nest life, sex life, social structure, population statics and stability, senescence, and death), and the interactions between the changing phenotype and the environment are described. ...19921463810
time and sex in the male mouse: temporal regulation of infanticide and parental behavior.infanticide is a violent but successful reproductive strategy found in many mammals, particularly rodents. in male house mice (mus domesticus and m. musculus), the act of ejaculation provides a reliable neural signal for timing the birth of their offspring. however, a unique chronobiological aspect of this phenomenon is the extraordinary temporal latency that can occur between the stimulus (coital ejaculation) and its adaptive neural response (male mice cease killing pups and behave parentally t ...19921473195
inverted repeat structure of the sry locus in mice.the testis-determining gene sry is located on the short arm of the mouse y chromosome in a region known to have undergone duplications and rearrangements in comparison with the equivalent portion of the human y chromosome. detailed analysis of the sry genomic locus reveals a further difference in that the mouse sry open reading frame lies within 2.8 kilobases of unique sequence at the center of a large inverted repeat. this repeat, which is found in both mus musculus musculus and mus musculus do ...19921518820
segregation and fertility in mus musculus domesticus (wild mice) heterozygous for the rb(4.12) translocation.analysis of the progeny of wild mice heterozygous for the rb(4.12) shows that fertility and segregation are normal. this study, and others with similar results, suggests that our view of the chromosomal evolution of the house mouse should be revised.19921548141
genetic mapping of two dna markers, d16ros1 and d16ros2, flanking the mutation site in the chakragati mouse, a transgenic insertional mutant.we present here the genetic mapping of two novel loci, d16ros1 and d16ros2, to mouse chromosome (chr) 16. the probes for these loci were genomic fragments isolated from the chakragati mouse, a behavioral mutant resulting from insertional mutagenesis during the course of making transgenic mice. d16ros1 and d16ros2 were first mapped by recombinant inbred (ri) strain analysis and subsequently by the analysis of 145 progeny of two interspecific backcrosses between mus domesticus and mus spretus. the ...19921581634
an amino acid change in the dna-binding region of sry, found in mus musculus domesticus and other species, does not explain c57bl/6j-ydom sex-reversal.sry is the testes determining factor gene located on the y chromosome. we have performed dideoxy sequencing or restriction enzyme digestion of sry sequences amplified by pcr from a variety of inbred strains and species of mice. a nonconservative replacement of thr for isoleu at position 61 was found in sry from the y chromosome of mus musculus domesticus, mus spretus, and mus caroli. we demonstrate that this variation is not sufficient to explain the gradiation in the sex-reversal seen when diff ...19921599466
structure and expression of mouse alpha 1-acid glycoprotein gene-3 (agp-3).the genome of mus domesticus has multiple genes of the alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (agp). two cdna clones were identified corresponding to agp-1 and agp-2. moreover, two alleles of agp-1 exist in inbred mice. the genomic dna of the agp-2 gene has been cloned and studied. here we report the genomic organization of three m. domesticus agp genes, the sequence analysis of the agp-3 genomic dna, and the expression of the agp-3 gene. the major structural differences between agp-2 and agp-3 genes are loc ...19921605854
polymorphisms revealed by pcr with single, short-sized, arbitrary primers are reliable markers for mouse and rat gene mapping.ten single, arbitrarily designed oligodeoxynucleotide primers, with 50-70% (g+c) content, were used to amplify by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) sequences with dna templates from several mouse species (mus spretus, mus musculus musculus, and mus musculus domesticus), as well as dna from the laboratory rat (rattus norvegicus). eight of these ten primers, used either individually or associated in pairs, generated a total of 13 polymorphic products which were used as genetic markers. all of these ...19921617216
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