Publications

genetics of hemoglobin in the deer mouse, peromyscus maniculatus. ii. multiple alleles at regulatory loci.	deer mice are polymorphic for electrophoretic hemoglobin phenotypes showing one, two, or three bands. within the multibanded phenotypes, there is considerable variation in the hemoglobin partitioning, defined as the fraction of total hemoglobin made up by the secondary and tertiary bands. in subspecies sonoriensis, for example, hemoglobin partitionings range from 0.03 to 0.38. the inheritance of partitioning values is under remarkably strict genetic control. the genetic variation is additive and ...	1978	669256
poison-based taste aversion learning in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus bairdi).	a series of experiments tested the ability of mice of the native genus peromyscus to form learned taste aversions. it was found that (a) the mice acquired a strong aversion after a single flavor/toxicosis pairing, (b) naive mice drinking a licl solution apparently began to experience toxic effects within 90 sec after the beginning of consumption, (c) the mice acquired a total aversion after a single flavor/delayed illness pairing when high doses of toxin were employed, and (d) the aversion produ ...	1978	690287
on the occurrence of microsporum persicolor in montreal, canada.	a case of microsporum persicolor skin infection in a casual employee of a veterinary clinic in montreal, quebec, canada, is reported. a survey of 80 wild rodents in the montreal area resulted in the isolation of m. persicolor from two voles (clethrionomys gapperi) and one deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus). one of the voles, heavily infested with parasites including ticks, had obvious lesions on the nose. this is the first report of m. persicolor in rodents in north america.	1978	714147
variation in the genetic structure of peromyscus populations. i. genetic heterozygosity--its relationship to adaptive divergence.	the genetic structure of nine peromyscus maniculatus nebrascensis demes from southeastern wyoming was determined by analyzing allozymes encoded by 23 genetic loci with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. genetic variability is extremely high for two genetic parameters; the proportion of loci polymorphic per deme averaged 0.41. previous estimates of genetic heterozygosity for species within the genus peromyscus have a mean of 0.06. the results of the present study suggest that genetic heterozygos ...	1978	751646
fractional factorial analysis of growth and weaning success in peromyscus maniculatus.	fractional factorial designs were used to explore simultaneously the effects of eight variables on survival and growth of neonatal deer mice, peromyscus maniculatus. two of the variables had significant effects on weaning success. the magnitudes of their effects are illustrated.	1978	715451
the existence of a puberty accelerating pheromone in the urine of the male prairie deermouse (peromyscus maniculatus bairdii).		1978	719090
chromosomal homology and divergence between sibling species of deer mice: peromyscus maniculatus and p. melanotis (rodentia, cricetidae).		1978	28563738
genetic regulation of liver alcohol dehydrogenase in peromyscus.	data from genetic crosses of peromyscus maniculatus and p. polionotus suggests that electrophoretic variants of liver alcohol dehydrogenase are coded by alleles at a single locus. these alleles, designated adhf, adhs, and adhn, determine, respectively, the fast, slow, and not detectable (null) adh electrophoretic phenotype. heterozygotes (adhf/adhs) exhibit three bands on zymograms, suggesting a dimeric subunit structure for the enzyme. however, adhf/adhn and adhs/adhn animals exhibit a single b ...	1978	736881
seasonally variable effects of conspecific odors upon capture of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus gambelii).		1978	678266
preferences by deer mice for solutions of sugars, salts, and acids in richter-type drinking tests.	deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) were tested for taste preferences in 48-hour, richter-type drinking tests (sapid solution versus distilled water). the ss, which were seven male and seven female wild adults, were individually housed within an environmental chamber. test solutions were concentrations of five sugars and three salts (.005 m to 1.0 m) and of two acids (4.0 ph to 1.5 ph). the molar range was too limited to identify the most preferred concentration of glucose, but peak preferences f ...	1978	26730
dispersal of deer mice, peromyscus maniculatus : proximal causes and effects on fitness.	dispersal of deer mice, peromyscus maniculatus, was measured as immigration to and emigration from two control areas, and as immigration to a removal area. the number of mice dispersing was linearly related to the densities on the control areas, while the proportion of the population dispersing (rate of dispersal) was correlated primarily with the rate of increase of control populations. high rates of dispersal were also associated with a breakdown of the established social structure in the spri ...	1978	28309396
vulnerability of bot fly (cuterebra) infected peromyscus maniculatus to shorttail weasel predation in the laboratory.	in the laboratory, peromyscus bearing a single cuterebra larva are no more vulnerable to weasel predation than are uninfected control mice, and may be taken less often under certain conditions. mice bearing two or more larvae appear to be more vulnerable than either controls or singly infected mice. their increased vulnerability probably results from their failure to use arboreal pathways. decreased activity may be responsible for the relative advantage of singly infected mice. previous reports ...	1978	633515
effects of bot fly (cuterebra) parasitism on activity patterns of peromyscus maniculatus in the laboratory.	peromyscus maniculatus subjected to bot fly (cuterebra) parasitism in the laboratory showed significant changes in amount and temporal distribution of several activity patterns. strenuous activities, such as running in an exercise wheel or stereotypic somersaulting, declined while less strenuous activities associated with maintenance behaviors increased. diurnal response to handling and disturbance declined significantly in infected mice. the temporal distribution of nocturnal activity was alter ...	1978	564978
a study of the circadian rhythm and pre- and postpuberty concentrations of serum prolactin in male prairie deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus bairdii).		1979	499748
reproductive failure and maternal-fetal relationship in a peromyscus species cross.	mating, fertilization, implantation, prenatal mortality, fetal and placental size, and placental ultrastructure were studied in intraspecific and interspecific crosses involving peromyscus maniculatus and p. polionotus. failure to mate was a major factor in interspecific crosses and was much more pronounced in crosses between p. polionotus females and p. maniculatus males than in the reciprocal cross. failure of implantation following mating, however, was more pronounced in crosses between p. ma ...	1979	490135
rodent housing units for field studies.	rodent housing and nesting units were constructed from acrylic and provided with concrete tops. these hexagonal units, placed in a wooded field, were inhabited by deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus). the use of the field housing units provided an effective method for observing free-ranging wild rodents.	1979	459426
the interaction of shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus).		1979	37038
cataract--webbed peromyscus. i. genetics of cataract in p. maniculatus.	cataract--webbed (cw) in the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) is a recessive mutant that is manifested by syndactyly (involving soft tissues) and eye defects including cataract. within cw/cw mice, the age at which cataract first appears is genetically controlled. evidence for the activity of genetic modifiers is the early appearance of cataracts in the offspring of parents that developed cataracts at early ages.	1979	469220
in vitro fertilization of two species of deer mouse eggs by homologous or heterologous sperm and penetration of laboratory mouse eggs by deer mouse sperm.	newly ovulated eggs from immature deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus and p. polionotus) and mature laboratory mice (mus musculus) treated with pmsg and hcg were inseminated in vitro with spermatozoa recovered from the cauda epididymidis of mature males. the time required for capacitation of deer mouse sperm in culture was estimated to be about two to five hours based on the dispersal of sperm agglutination and increase of sperm motility. the rate of sperm penetration through the zona pellucida of ...	1979	572865
the effects of indomethacin on plasma lh levels in female and male deermice (peromyscus maniculatus).	the purpose of this investigation was to determine (1) the approximate time of the preovulatory lh rise in cyclic deermice, (2) the effect of indomethacin administration on plasma lh levels during the expected preovulatory lh rise, and (3) the effect of indomethacin administration on plasma lh levels in castrated male deermice. the data indicate that the preovulatory lh rise occurred at about 2200 h on proestrus and that indomethacin pretreatment significantly reduced plasma lh levels during tha ...	1979	575227
rodent models of the human isoniazid-acetylator polymorphism.	inbred strains and subpopulations of rats, laboratory mice, and deer mice were examined for individual variation in the ability to metabolize several arylamines (p-aminobenzoic acid, sulfamethazine, aniline, alpha-naphthylamine, and aminofluorene) by n-acetylation. individual differences within species were found to be dependent upon the tissue source of n-acetyltransferase activity and the acetyl acceptor employed. long-evans rats possessed about 2-fold more p-aminobenzoic acid n-acetyltransfer ...	1979	40765
a soluble immunosuppressor substance in spleen in deer mice infected with trypanosoma brucei.	a soluble substance that blocks b-cell response was extracted from spleen of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) chronically infected with trypanosoma brucei. immunosuppressor activity of this substance was demonstrated by plaque-forming cell assays of spleen cells from swiss/webster mice inoculated with sheep red blood cells and simultaneously given the suppressor substance, and of spleen cell cultures treated with sheep red blood cells and suppressor substance. studies by light and electron mic ...	1979	316660
transmission studies with sarcocystis idahoensis of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) and gopher snakes (pituophis melanoleucus).	transmission studies with sarcocystis idahoensis of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) and gopher snakes (pituophis melanoleucus) were conducted to determine host specificity of various stages of the parasite. sporocysts were not passed by four dogs or four cats fed infected skeletal muscle from deer mice. seven white mice (mus musculus) and 34 white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) were negative for sarcocysts and liver meronts following oral inoculation with s. idahoensis sporocysts; however, ...	1980	6776292
aggressive behaviour of female prairie deer mice in laboratory populations.	prairie deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus bairdii), living in asymptotic laboratory populations established two years earlier, were observed for agonistic responses to conspecific intruders. in the first experiment, intruders of six age-sex classes were placed into 10 of the populations for 10 min. the sex of the intruder did not influence the behaviour of the residents, but juveniles elicited more regression than did adults. a second experiment revealed that female residents were responsible fo ...	1980	7194609
experimental trypanosoma brucei infection in deer mice: splenic changes.	forty deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) were infected with trypanosoma brucei organisms and were killed 33 to 83 days after inoculation (average, 63). the outstanding lesion was infiltration of plasma cells in various tissues. these cells caused disruption of the periarteriolar lymphocytic sheaths and thickening of red pulp cords in the spleen. the lymph node was almost completely replaced by plasma cells. the spleen and lymph nodes also had marked hyperplasia of germinal centers and granulomat ...	1980	7361379
ultrastructure and acid phosphatase activity in hereditary cataracts of deer mice.	lenses of cataract-webbed (cw) peromyscus maniculatus were examined by electron microscopy and compared to age-matched normal deer mouse lenses. precataractous lenses of offspring of cw/cw matings were examined and compared to early cataract development in the opposite eye of the same animal. the earliest ultrastructural change leading to disturbance of lens transparency was cell fusion and formation of fiber cell syncytia in the posterior subcapsular region. fiber cells lost their regular hexag ...	1980	7390724
a study of hetero-specific sperm-egg interactions in the rat, mouse, and deer mouse using in vitro fertilization and sperm injection.	hetero-specific fertilization of zone-free eggs is used in these experiments as a tool to analyze the barriers to hybridization and to gain insight into the mechanisms of normal fertilization. when the zonae of rat eggs, which are a barrier to hetero-specific fertilization, are removed with pronase, the eggs can be fertilized by mouse sperm and the zygotes start to develop normally. a rat egg fertilized with mouse sperm completes meiosis and forms both male and female pronuclei. chromosomes from ...	1980	7420048
sex affects the initial strength but not the extinction of poison-based taste aversions in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus bairdi).		1980	7447866
evolutionary conservation of linkage groups: additional evidence from murid and cricetid rodents.	in mus musculus, family muridae, the glucosephosphate isomerase (gpi-l), pink-eyed dilution (p), albinism (c), and beta-type globin (hbb) loci are known to be linked in the order gpi-l-p-c-hbb. in rattus norvegicus, another murid rodent, the p, c, and hbb loci are known to be linked in the same order and with similar recombination frequencies. in peromyscus maniculatus, family cricetidae, it was previously known that p and c are linked and by analogy to mus musculus that linkage group should be ...	1980	7447921
baseline levels of selected trace elements in colorado oil shale region animals.	baseline levels of boron, fluorine, molybdenum, and copper are described for 18 mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and for 45 composite samples of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) from the piceance creek basin, rio blanco county, colorado. these data were collected before oil shale mining took place, and can be used to compare with levels found after mining is initiated. the data can thus be used to monitor changes in levels in animal tissues and as a basis for mitigating possible harmful effects ...	1980	7431515
sarcocystis idahoensis sp. n. in deer mice peromyscus maniculatus (wagner) and gopher snakes pituophis melanoleucus (daudin).		1980	6768882
cataract-webbed trait in peromyscus. ii. biomicroscopy and histology of eyes.	a longitudinal biomicroscopic study of lenses and fundi of over 2,000 peromyscus maniculatus (deer mice) which have cataracts as an autosomal recessive trait has been correlated with histologic development of cataracts. by selective breeding, early-onset cataracts (type i), which are frequently associated with abnormal closure of the fetal fissure and hyaloid vascular abnormalities, have been separated from later-onset (type ii) cataracts, which are more heterogeneous. type i cataracts occur in ...	1980	7350132
effects of urine from conspecifics on sexual maturation in female prairie deermice, peromyscus maniculatus bairdii.		1980	7217792
modes of ectoparasite reinfestations of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus).	modes of ectoparasite reinfestations were studied on ectoparasite-free deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) returned to their natural habitat on the tule lake national wildlife refuge, siskiyou county, california, during the summer of 1977. the age of the host made no significant difference in the mode of reinfestation of lice, fleas, or mites. flea reinfestation rates were related to the sex of the host, requiring 4 and 2 days, respectively, to reach control levels on male and female hosts. mite ...	1980	7463612
social factors influencing delayed reproductive maturation in prairie deermice (peromyscus maniculatus bairdii) in laboratory populations.		1980	7462866
adult-young interactions in island and mainland populations of the deermouse peromyscus maniculatus.	the demographic and ecological characteristics of island populations of small mammals have received increasing attention in recent years, but few studies have compared the behavioral characteristics of island populations with those of mainland populations. behavior is considered an important variable because it is believed by many to be a crucial factor affecting the population dynamics and demography of natural populations. in particular, among many species of rodents, the social behavior of ad ...	1981	28310030
ultrasonic vocalizations in male deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus bairdi): their role in male sexual behavior.		1981	7323194
male sexual behavior in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) following castration and hormone replacement.		1981	7250909
selection components of four allozymes in natural populations of peromyscus maniculatus.		1981	28563465
effects of extra food on peromyscus and clethrionomys populations in the southern yukon.	if food supply limits density in rodent populations, the addition of supplemental food ought to increase population size. from may to september we added food on 2-hectare areas of white spruce forest in the southern yukon. in 1977, we used oats with no measurable impact. in 1978 and 1979 we used sunflower seeds and doubled or tripled the population densities of peromyscus maniculatus and clethrionomys rutilus. supplemental feeding with sunflower seeds increased juvenile production in both specie ...	1981	28310015
experimental colorado tick fever virus infection in colorado mammals.	one hundred and twenty-four small mammals of six species were inoculated with three strains of colorado tick fever (ctf) virus to define viremia and neutralizing (n) antibody responses. adult eutamias minimus and eutamias embrinus, and juvenile peromyscus maniculatus and spermophilus lateralis, were highly susceptible to development of viremic infection. adult s. lateralis and p. maniculatus were moderately susceptible (greater than or equal to 50% viremic). five sylvilagus nuttalli did not beco ...	1981	6259958
the ecology of colorado tick fever in rocky mountain national park in 1974. ii. infection in small mammals.	field studies of colorado tick fever (ctf) in small mammals in rocky mountain national park (rmnp) in 1974 established that eutamias minimus and spermophilus lateralis were the most important hosts for ctf virus and were the source of virus for immature stages of the tick vector, dermacentor andersoni. other species (peromyscus maniculatus, spermophilus richardsonii, eutamias umbrinus) are secondary hosts. the intensity of viral activity in rodents varied greatly from locality to locality. highe ...	1981	6263122
effects of experimental infection of the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) with mouse hepatitis virus.	three deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) given 10(4) tcid50 of mouse hepatitis virus -s intranasally all had significant serum neutralization titers to mouse hepatitis virus -s 3 weeks later. ten other deer mice were given 10(3) tcid50 of mouse hepatitis virus -3 intranasally and placed with sentinel laboratory mice (cf1, c3h/rv, and nu/nu) and uninoculated deer mice. one inoculated deer mouse died, but mouse hepatitis virus was not isolated. no other inoculated or uninoculated animals exhibited ...	1982	6285078
feeding pattern in peromyscus maniculatus: the response to periodic food deprivation.	the prairie deermouse (peromyscus maniculatus bairdi) is strongly nocturnal on a 12:12 ld-cycle with a bimodal, dusk-dawn feeding pattern. it has been suggested for the rat that the dusk peak is more dependent on the animal's immediate energy needs while the dawn peak has an anticipatory function in storing food. the present study investigates this pattern in terms of the feeding response of deermice following periodic food deprivation. it was found that the response is not uniform within the d- ...	1982	7079329
2,3-diphosphoglycerate in high- and low-altitude populations of the deer mouse.	erythrocyte dpg concentrations were studied in populations of peromyscus maniculatus native to different altitudes. deer mice native to, and resident at, high altitude showed higher dpg/hb ratios than did deer mice native to, and resident at, low altitude. however, after prolonged acclimation to low altitude, the high-altitude natives showed lower dpg/hb ratios than did low-altitude natives. the differences in baseline dpg levels appear to be determined primarily by genetic factors. the heritabi ...	1982	7111916
blood oxygen affinity in high- and low-altitude populations of the deer mouse.	there is little solid evidence for specific genetic adaptations in animal populations native to high altitude. there is also continuing debate over what oxygen transport characteristics are truly adaptive at high altitude. we have attempted to elucidate both problems through population genetic and physiological studies of the deer mouse, peromyscus maniculatus. that species is noteworthy because it inhabits the widest range of altitudes of any north american mammal, and it shows a high degree of ...	1982	7111920
hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase activity in peromyscus genetically deficient in alcohol dehydrogenase.	1. hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh) activity was measured in two strains of deer-mouse, peromyscus maniculatus. 2. there is no difference in the subcellular distribution of aldh activity in the two strains. animals of adhn/adhn genotype, lacking liver alcohol dehydrogenase (adh), had 90% of total aldh activity in the mitochondrial fraction compared to 94% for the adhf/adhf animals with normal adh activity. almost all of the remaining aldh activity was in the hepatic cytosol with less than 1 ...	1982	6751681
immunological factors in peromyscus speciation.	reciprocal interspecific f1 hybrids of deermice (peromyscus maniculatus) and oldfield mice (p. polionotus) differ significantly and substantially in fetal and placental, as well as adult, size and weight. hybrid fetal mortality is associated with large conceptus size. skin grafts were exchanged between and within the two species to ascertain whether any relationship exists between mean graft retention time and body size of fetuses and adults. p. maniculatus skin grafted to p. polionotus rejected ...	1982	6757375
an assessment of "hidden" heterogeneity within electromorphs at three enzyme loci in deer mice.	allelic heterogeneity within protein electromorphs at three loci was examined in populations of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) collected from five localities across north america. we used a variety of electrophoretic techniques (including several starch and acrylamide conditions, gel-sieving, and isoelectric focusing) plus heat denaturation. of particular interest was the supernatant glutamate oxalate transaminase system (got-1; aspartate aminotransferase-1 of some authors), which under stan ...	1982	7152246
social stimulation of reproductive development in male deer mice housed on a short-day photoperiod.	male deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus), born of mothers housed on a long-day (ld) photoperiod (15:9 hr light/dark), were either switched to a short-day (sd) photoperiod (6:18 hr) at birth or continued on their prenatal ld photoperiod. from weaning until 6 wk of age, the males were housed either in cohabitation with an adult female or in social isolation. males reared on an sd photoperiod had smaller testes, seminal vesicles, and ventral sebaceous glands than did males reared on ld. postweaning ...	1982	7096680
testosterone acts as a prohormone to stimulate male copulatory behavior in male deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus bairdi).	in order to determine the importance of reduced and aromatized metabolites of testosterone for male sexual behavior in peromyscus maniculatus bairdi, castrated males were treated with 5 alpha-reductase and aromatase inhibitors. in the first experiment, testosterone propionate (tp) activation of male copulatory behavior was blocked by the administration of the 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor 4-androsten-3-one-17-beta carboxylic acid (17 beta c). these treatments also prevented tp stimulation of semin ...	1982	7056894
latitude of origin influences photoperiodic control of reproduction of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus).	three subspecies of peromyscus maniculatus originating from different latitudes were maintained from birth in light dark cycles that provided between 10 and 18 h of light per day. at 50 days of age, chihuahua, mexico mice (latitude of origin 27 degrees n) and south dakota, u.s.a. mice (44 degrees n) kept in the 10l:14d photoperiod had reduced gonadal and seminal vesicle weights and a lower spermatogenic index than corresponding mice kept in a 14l:10d photoperiod. some chihuahua and south dakota ...	1983	6681991
selection components affecting hemoglobins in peromyscus maniculatus: a re-evaluation.		1983	28563308
gametic selection and hemoglobin polymorphisms in peromyscus maniculatus: a rejoinder.		1983	28563302
photoperiodic stimulation of pubertal development in male deer mice: involvement of the circadian system.	pubertal development in prairie deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus bairdii) is accelerated by exposure of juveniles to a long-day photoperiod, and, conversely, retarded by exposure to short days. the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the possible involvement of the circadian system in the photoperiodic regulation of puberty. weanling males, previously housed on a short-day light cycle of 6l:18d, were subjected to a "resonance" protocol in which they received one of the following light ...	1983	6850042
recovery from sexual satiety in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus bairdi).	two experiments were completed in order to delineate the time course of recovery from sexual satiety in deer mice, peromyscus maniculatus bairdi. the total numbers of ejaculations and intromissions attained in satiety tests were significantly decreased on the day following satiation and recovered gradually as measured in tests run after 3 and 7 days of recovery. whereas some measures characteristic of individual series were altered by incomplete recovery, others were unaffected. in experiment 2, ...	1983	6872505
gonadal hormone activation of male courtship ultrasonic vocalizations and male copulatory behavior in castrated male deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus bairdi).	the influence of testosterone (t), a 5 alpha-reduced metabolite of t, dihydrotestosterone, and an aromatized metabolite of t, estradiol, on 35-khz ultrasonic calling and male copulatory behavior by male deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus bairdi) was examined. daily treatment with testosterone propionate (tp), dihydrotestosterone propionate (dhtp), or estradiol benzoate (eb) restored male ultrasonic calling in long-term castrated males. both tp and dhtp restored male copulatory behavior, but eb wa ...	1983	6871034
extensive genetic variation in mitochondrial dna's among geographic populations of the deer mouse, peromyscus maniculatus.		1983	28568029
rhythms of barbiturate-induced sleep time in deermice entrained to non-twenty-four hour photocycles.	the present experiment examined whether entrainment to twenty-four hour days is advantageous for physiological and behavioral adaptations to a pharmacological challenge. adult, male deermice (peromyscus maniculatus) were injected with sodium pentobarbital at 8.5, 14.5, 20.5, 2.5 and again at 8.5 hr after light onset while entrained to a 24 hr day (light/dark (ld) 14:10). time to recover from anesthesia was recorded. subsequently, the dark phase of the ld cycle was reduced 15-20 min every 10 days ...	1983	6635008
influence of photoperiod and social environment on sexual maturation in female deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus bairdii).	female deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) were reared on either a long photoperiod (15:9 hr light/dark) or on short days (8:16 hr light/dark) from birth. beginning at weaning, females were housed with an adult male, with an adult female, or in social isolation. in the first experiment, vaginas opened more slowly in females on short days than in those on long days. vaginal introitus was also retarded in females reared with an adult female in comparison with females reared in isolation. when exami ...	1983	6872508
factors determining the abundance and distribution of rodents in a shrub-steppe ecosystem: the role of shrubs.	this study addressed the relative importances of shrub "resources" on a rodent community in a sagebrush dominated shrub-steppe ecosystem in southwestern wyoming. direct effects of shrubs (i.e., providing rodents with "food and cover") were assessed by removing shrubs from a 1.25 ha study plot and monitoring both rodent populations and their food resources. shrub architecture and shrub-related food resources were found to be unimportant to deermice (peromyscus maniculatus), great basin pocket mic ...	1983	28310227
isolation, purification, and characterization of deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus bairdii) prolactin.	prolactin (prl) secreted by peromyscus maniculatus bairdii anterior pituitaries was purified by gel filtration on sephadex g-100 and ion-exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose. peromyscus prl (pmprl) eluted from sephadex g-100 with an elution-to-void volume ratio of 1.9 and at a salt concentration of 100 mm nacl on deae-cellulose. electrophoretic homogeneity of the hormone was demonstrated in several gel systems. on 7 1/2% alkaline polyacrylamide gels, pmprl migrated with an rf of 0.65. the m ...	1983	6847207
pathogenesis of trypanosoma brucei infection in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus): hematologic, erythrocyte biochemical, and iron metabolic aspects.	trypanosoma brucei eatro 110 infection in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) produced anemia in 15 of 42 mice between postinoculation days 14 and 70. the infected anemic (ia) mice had significantly higher reticulocyte counts (p less than 0.025), spleen (p less than 0.001) and liver (p less than 0.005) weights, and higher parasitemia than did infected nonanemic (ina) mice. gamma-globulin concentrations of infected mice were markedly increased, and values for ina mice were 10% higher than values f ...	1983	6869960
pathogenesis of trypanosoma brucei infection in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus): light and electron microscopic studies on erythrocyte pathologic changes and phagocytosis.	light microscopic and scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies demonstrated that trypanosoma brucei eatro 110 produced several alterations in rbc structure including microspherocytes, schistocytosis, vacuolation, doughnut-cell formation, and keratocytosis. mature rbc and reticulocytes were constantly observed to adhere firmly to trypanosomes in heart blood and in blood vessels of the testes, heart, liver, and kidney, as well as in the sinuses and pulp cords of the spleen. adhesion ...	1983	6869961
effect of indomethacin on reproduction under laboratory and field conditions in deermice (peromyscus maniculatus).	the purpose of this investigation was to determine the long-term effect of enterically administered indomethacin (a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor) on reproduction in peromyscus maniculatus (deermice) under both laboratory and field conditions. indomethacin-coated wheat (1 mg/kg wheat) was provided to the experimental animals in the laboratory and under field conditions ad libitum. rat chow was also provided to the animals in the laboratory. the laboratory data indicate that the number and s ...	1983	6403066
pathogenesis of trypanosoma brucei infection in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus). v. macrophage ultrastructure and function.	macrophage numbers increased in the spleen, liver, testes, heart, and kidney of deer mice infected for seven to ten weeks with trypanosoma brucei eatro 110. the macrophages were activated as indicated by their increased size and significant increases in numbers of cell organelles including profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum (which also increased in length), mitochondria, primary and secondary lysosomes, bundles of golgi's apparatus, and free lysosomes compared to macrophages from control mi ...	1983	6636469
development and characterization of a homologous radioimmunoassay for deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus bairdii) prolactin.	a highly specific and sensitive homologous radioimmunoassay has been developed for the secreted form of prolactin from the deer mouse peromyscus maniculatus bairdii. peromyscus serum and pituitary homogenates displayed parallel dilution response curves, and no cross reaction was seen with either mouse prolactin, mouse growth hormone or rat prolactin. the assay was sensitive to 25 picograms per tube and the intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 5 and 3.6%, respectively. in additio ...	1983	6645802
medroxyprogesterone, immunosuppression, and conceptus size in peromyscus.	effects of exogenous medroxyprogesterone acetate (mpa) on skin transplant retention and conceptus size were studied in the deer mouse, peromyscus maniculatus, and the oldfield mouse peromyscus polionotus. daily injections of 2 mg mpa significantly prolonged survival of allografts in p. maniculatus and transspecific grafts between p. maniculatus and p. polionotus. allografts were retained significantly longer than transspecific grafts (17.2 vs 12.4 days) on mpa-treated p. maniculatus. near-term f ...	1983	6345716
linkage relationships among eleven biochemical loci in peromyscus.	interspecific f1 hybrids of peromyscus maniculatus (deermice) and p. polionotus (oldfield mice) were backcrossed to p. maniculatus. backcross progeny were electrophoretically typed for 11 variant protein markers: albumin, transferrin, leucine aminopeptidase, amylase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, nucleoside phosphorylase, dipeptidase, tripeptidase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and sorbitol dehydrogenase. genetic variation for each protein was attributed to a si ...	1983	6200103
non-alcohol dehydrogenase-mediated metabolism of methylazoxymethanol in the deer mouse, peromyscus maniculatus.	the concept that alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) is involved in the metabolism of methylazoxymethanol (mam) was examined in a model consisting of two strains of the deer mouse, peromyscus maniculatus, one of which has a normal complement of the enzyme [adh(+)], and the other, which completely lacks it [adh(-)]. both the adh(+) and the adh(-) strains rapidly metabolized [14c]mam, administered in the form of the acetic acid ester, [14c] mamoac , to 14co2, and the rates and extents of metabolism were v ...	1984	6372998
reservoirs of giardia spp. in southwestern alberta.	a survey of potential hosts of giardia spp. was carried out during 1982 and 1983 in the kananaskis valley and banff national park, alberta, canada. diagnosis was based mainly on fecal analysis but a few animals were examined at necropsy and scrapings from the small intestine analyzed. a total of 304 specimens was examined from humans (homo sapiens l.) and a variety of animal species. cysts and/or trophozoites of giardia were found in 10.5% of the specimens examined. positive samples were found f ...	1984	6397598
influence of feeding chlorocholine chloride and glyphosine on selected immune parameters in deer mice, peromyscus maniculatus.	exposure to the plant growth regulators, chlorocholine chloride (ccc) and glyphosine (gps), resulted in significant immunomodulatory effects after feeding to deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) for 28 days. cyclophosphamide (cp) and saline controls were included. both ccc and gps feeding levels were equivalent to 1, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg mouse/day. the parameters assessed were: spleen plaque forming cell (pfc) assays, hemolysin titers, white blood cell counts, bone marrow cellularity, hematocri ...	1984	6710535
effects of ingestion of chlorocholine chloride and cyclophosphamide on venezuelan equine encephalitis virus infections in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus).	we investigated the effects of chlorocholine chloride (ccc), a plant growth regulator, and cyclophosphamide (cp), a known immunosuppressant, on the ability of deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) to resist challenge with a sublethal dose of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus ( veev ). the toxicants were continuously delivered in low doses in the feed; cp at 20 mg/kg body wt/day and ccc at 1, 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg body wt/day. mice were inoculated with 3 x 10(4) plaque forming units (pfu) of veev af ...	1984	6729837
pathogenesis of trypanosoma brucei infection in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus). ultrastructural pathology of the spleen, liver, heart, and kidney.	trypanosoma brucei eatro 110 infection of the deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) produced moderate to marked lesions in the spleen, liver, heart, and kidney seven to ten weeks after infection. splenic lesions consisted of marked splenomegaly, with infected spleens weighing 25.9 times control spleens. transmission electron microscopy of the sinuses and billroth's cords of the splenic red pulp demonstrated an increased cellularity with greater contact between cells due partly to proliferation of m ...	1984	6730206
pathogenesis of trypanosoma brucei infection in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus). light and electron microscopic study of testicular lesions.	the results of light and electron microscopic studies demonstrated that trypanosoma brucei infection produced marked testicular degeneration in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) with highly significant (p less than 0.001) decreases in testicular weight, seminiferous tubular diameter, and epithelial thickness. lesions in seminiferous tubules consisted of necrosis of spermatids, spermatocytes, and sometimes the spermatogonia. sertoli's cells had marked vacuolation and accumulation of phagocytic m ...	1984	6730207
evidence for heterosynaptic pairing of the inverted segment in pericentric inversion heterozygotes of the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus).	silver-stained pachytene cells of male deer mice, peromyscus maniculatus, which were heterozygous for a naturally occurring pericentric inversion of chromosome 6, were analyzed by light microscopy. the presence of the terminally positioned inversion, involving approximately 30% of the length of chromosome 6, was detected by g-banding. within the inversion, c-band-positive heterochromatin was restricted to the centromeric region. silver-staining of spermatocytes revealed the synaptonemal complexe ...	1984	6467983
kinetics of cytoplasmic aspartate aminotransferase from three genotypes of the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus).	three genotypic forms of the cytoplasmic enzyme, aspartate aminotransferase from the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) were each analyzed kinetically after partial purification. kmapp and vmax for aspartate decreased in value as temperature changed from 37.9 to 15 degrees c for all three forms. for the aa genotype, the binding enthalpies were highest at 37.9 degrees c and lowest at 25 degrees c, while for the a'a' form, they were lowest at 37.9 degrees and highest at 25 degrees c. results for ...	1984	6478801
atropine esterase status of laboratory mice.	fifty eight inbred strains of laboratory mice and two species of wild mice [mus castaneus (inbred) and peromyscus maniculatus bairdii (closed colony)] were tested for the presence of atropine esterase by the microhematocrit tube test of tucker and beattie. the results show clearly that laboratory mice do not have significant levels of atropine esterase as determined either by the microhematocrit tube test or by the agar plate test, and therefore that under these conditions atropine esterase is n ...	1984	6482377
industrial lead contamination of an illinois wildlife refuge and indigenous small mammals.	deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) were trapped from a sand prairie at various distances from an adjacent battery lead reclamation plant. analysis of liver, kidney, and bone for lead concentrations showed an increase of tissue lead concentrations over controls to a distance of approximately 400 m. soil and plant lead concentrations roughly correlated with the findings in deer mouse tissues. at higher tissue lead concentrations, acid-fast staining intranuclear inclusions within renal tubular epit ...	1984	6511573
a possible role for the thyroid in reproductive inhibition in laboratory populations of the prairie deermouse (peromyscus maniculatus).	serum thyroxine concentrations were determined and found to be reduced in reproductively inhibited deermice selected from controlled growth laboratory populations. daily injections of 1 microgram thyroxine in reproductively inhibited male deermice were shown to significantly increase testis weight and the number of spermatids with acrosome formation. daily feeding of thyroxine to a controlled growth population promoted an increase in the mean weights of the reproductive organs of both sexes that ...	1984	6142798
hypothyroidism in reproductively inhibited prairie deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus bairdi) from laboratory populations.	several thyroid function parameters were compared between reproductively inhibited prairie deer mice of both sexes taken from laboratory populations and corresponding reproductively capable controls. the results of these experiments indicated the following: 1) prairie deer mice females had a statistically significant daily variation in mean serum thyroxine concentration and males displayed a similar trend; 2) total serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine were significantly lower in both male and fe ...	1984	6518231
influence of melatonin on pubertal development in male deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus).	the role of melatonin in pubertal development was assessed in male deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus bairdii) exposed to photoperiodic and social stimuli. exogenous melatonin retarded puberty in males reared in a long photoperiod, but was without effect in males reared in short days. melatonin did not retard pubertal development induced by exposure of short-day males to an adult female. these results suggest that pineal melatonin mediates photoperiodic, but not social, control of pubertal develo ...	1984	6512757
effect of transitional photoperiods on testicular development and puberty in male deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus).	in a series of five experiments, young male deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus bairdii) were exposed to photoperiods ranging in length from 3 to 19 h per 24-h period, as well as to constant light and constant darkness. reproductive organ growth as measured at 6 weeks of age was inhibited by less than or equal to 11.5 h of light. in males receiving 11.5-19 h of light, there was a quantitative increase in reproductive organ size as a function of photoperiod. rather than a 'critical' photoperiod par ...	1984	6512756
photosensitive stages in pubertal development of male deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus).	male deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus bairdii) were exposed to a long (15l:9d) or short (6l:18d) photoperiod during four stages of development. at 6 weeks of postnatal age degree of pubertal development was determined by measurement of testis and seminal vesicle weights and area of the androgen-dependent sebaceous gland. continuous exposure to a short photoperiod beginning before conception (i.e. mother kept in short days), at conception, or at birth markedly retarded pubertal development. init ...	1984	6512755
involvement of the circadian system in photoperiodic control of pubertal development in female deer mice, peromyscus maniculatus.	pubertal development in female deer mice, peromyscus maniculatus, was stimulated by exposure to light cycles of ld 16:8, ld 6:30 or ld 6:54, but not by exposure to cycles of ld 6:18 or ld 6:42. these results support the hypothesis that female deer mice use a circadian rhythm of responsiveness to light to measure photoperiodic time.	1984	6468610
naloxone inhibition of stress-induced daily torpor.	peromyscus maniculatus, deermice , were induced into daily torpor by restricting food to one-half daily ration. intraperitoneal injection of naloxone (20 mg/kg) into mice habituated to daily ip injections of saline inhibited or modified the expression of daily torpor. in those individuals demonstrating long duration/deep bouts (greater than 300 min/body temperature 20 degrees c or below) naloxone administration resulted in 1) a significant decrease in the duration of torpor, 2) a significant ele ...	1984	6727554
maximum oxygen consumption during exercise and cold exposure in deer mice, peromyscus maniculatus.	convenient methods were developed for measuring maximum oxygen consumption (vo2 max) in untrained small mammals during treadmill exercise and cold exposure. deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) were run once, for 6-min periods at velocities exceeding maximal aerobic running speed, while instantaneous oxygen consumption was measured. the vo2 max during cold exposure was determined using high wind speeds to increase heat loss rates. during running, the kinetics of gas exchange were rapid and similar ...	1984	6739991
normal testicular structure and reproductive function in deermice lacking retinol and alcohol dehydrogenase activity.	it was found that a strain of deermice (peromyscus maniculatus), which genetically lacks liver alcohol dehydrogenase activity also displays no such activity in the testis and is devoid of the enzyme activity that converts retinol to retinal, both in liver and in the testis; nevertheless, these animals exhibit normal reproduction and testicular histology. therefore, one must reconsider the theory that the testicular atrophy and aspermatogenesis commonly found in alcoholics is due, at least in par ...	1984	6365975
serum acth and adrenal histology in reproductively inhibited male prairie deermice (peromyscus maniculatus bairdi).	exogenous acth will cause adrenal hypertrophy and gonad dysfunction in reproductively capable male deermice. the ultrastructure of the zona fasciculata of inhibited animals is substantially different from acth stimulated animals which suggests that acth alone does not produce the inhibition. although acth concentrations were variable, there was no clear demonstration that any differences existed between reproductively capable vs inhibited animals at the time when corticosterone is known to be el ...	1984	6146448
experimental studies of seed predation in old-fields.	in a pair of experiments conducted in old-field habitats in southwestern michigan (usa), we examined rates of seed loss to post-dispersal predators (ants and rodents). seeds from 4-6 species of "biennial" plants were tested over a range of seed densities and habitat types. we found that seed removal was significantly higher in vegetated habitats than in areas of disturbed soil (both simulated small-animal diggings and a plowed field). in the undisturbed vegetation, seed losses ranged from 1-20% ...	1984	28312102
studies of pericopulatory pregnancy blockage and the gestation period in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus).	it has previously been shown that female deer mice in cycling estrus that copulate with or are exposed to more than one male at the time of mating have a lower probability of delivering a litter than when mating with and being exposed to just one male. in the present research the effect of post-mating exposure to the bedding of a strange versus a familiar male was studied in females in postpartum estrus. in four experiments females in postpartum estrus were protected from pericopulatory pregnanc ...	1985	4007797
reproductive development in male deer mice exposed to aggressive behavior.	male deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus bairdii) were reared in a long photoperiod and housed individually from 3 weeks of age until they were killed 2, 4, or 6 weeks later. males that were exposed to aggressive females for 2 min, three times per week, were of normal body weight and healthy, but had smaller reproductive organs than did males exposed to a control treatment. reproductive development in male deer mice is responsive to at least two classes of social stimuli: pheromones and aggressive ...	1985	4039275
low p50 in deer mice native to high altitude.	whereas it is widely believed that animals native to high altitude show lower o2 partial pressures at 50% hemoglobin saturation (p50) than do related animals native to low altitude, that "fact" has not been well documented. consequently, p50 at ph 7.4, pco2(7.4), the co2 bohr effect, and the buffer slope (delta log pco2/delta ph) were determined via the mixing technique in peromyscus maniculatus native to a range of altitudes but acclimated to 340 or 3,800 m. pco2(7.4) and buffer slope were subs ...	1985	3917990
effects of ambient temperature and altitude on ventilation and gas exchange in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus).	the effects of different ambient temperatures (ta) on gas exchange and ventilation in deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) were determined after acclimation to low and high altitude (340 and 3,800 m). at both low and high altitude, oxygen consumption (vo2) decreased with increasing ta at ta from -10 to 30 degrees c. the vo2 was 15-20% smaller at high altitude than at low altitude at ta below 30 degrees c. increased vo2 at ta below thermoneutrality was supported by increased minute volume (vi) at b ...	1985	3837039
metabolic and thermoregulatory effects of photoperiod and melatonin on peromyscus maniculatus acclimatization.	a photoperiod-related seasonal rhythm in active period (scotophase), metabolic rate and core temperature was documented for animals held at 21.0 +/- 0.1 degrees c ambient; animals that were habituated to long nights (10:14ld) had a greater metabolic reserve than those held in summer photoperiods (14:10ld). while relative weights of gonads and sex accessory tissues of mice show typical "winter" regression, interscapular brown adipose tissue mass was unaffected by photoperiod; moreover, ibat beta ...	1985	2866895
heat loss regulation: role of appendages and torso in the deer mouse and the white rabbit.	thermal conductance was subdivided into the component conductances of the appendages and torso using a heat transfer analysis for the deer mouse, peromyscus maniculatus, and the white rabbit, oryctolagus cuniculus. our analysis was based on laboratory measurements of skin temperature and respiratory gas exchange made between air temperatures of 8 and 34 degrees c for the deer mouse, and from published data for the white rabbit. two series conductances to heat transfer for each appendage and tors ...	1985	3837023
evaporative water loss: thermoregulatory requirements and measurements in the deer mouse and white rabbit.	using a physical model of the capacity for non-evaporative heat loss and measurements of metabolic heat production, i evaluated the evaporative requirements for thermoregulation in the deer mouse, peromyscus maniculatus, and the white rabbit, oryctolagus cuniculus. the physical limit to non-evaporative heat loss was calculated from the heat transfer properties of the two animals and expressed as a maximum thermal conductance (cmax). two physiologically-based thermal conductances were derived fro ...	1985	3837024
chronic and acute trypanosomiasis in mice: a study by in vitro cloning of lymphohaematopoietic progenitors.	a semi-solid culture system was used to study the effects of trypanosome infection in two species of mice on the propagation of progenitor cells from the bone marrow and spleen. the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus) survived infection with trypanosoma (t.) equiperdum for more than 15 days. during the first 10 days there was inhibition of development of granulocyte-monocyte colonies from progenitor cells in the bone marrow. b-lymphocyte progenitors in the spleen showed increased activity, produ ...	1985	3873680
failure of 2-deoxy-d-glucose to stimulate feeding in deermice.	deermice (peromyscus maniculatus) did not increase their food intake above baseline following treatment with 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2dg, 500 or 1000 mg/kg). they did eat more following food deprivation or treatment with insulin at a high dose (100 u/kg). house mice (mus musculus) showed hyperphagia to 2dg, low dose of insulin (5 u/kg) and deprivation.	1985	3898162
photoperiodic time measurement in the male deer mouse, peromyscus maniculatus.	weanling male deer mice, peromyscus maniculatus, were exposed for three weeks either to light-dark (ld) cycles with periods (t=l+d) ranging from t=23 (1l:22d) to t=25.16 (1l:24.16d) or to 24-h ld cycles with photoperiods ranging from 1 (1l:23d) to 19 (19l:5d) h. both the circadian locomotor activity rhythms and the response of the reproductive system to these ld cycles were assessed. the results demonstrate that the photoperiodic effectiveness of light depends on the phase of the light relative ...	1985	4005352